plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/03/DD/87/03DD879CCB6B8D1BEA45F9418310F99D.xml
maintenance bc2564723d added 03
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

136 lines
19 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="0FB46484CDEFB7C69CC6FDB938D7A08B" ID-DOI="10.3853/j.0067-1975.57.2005.1441" ID-ISSN="2201-4349" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4685543" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1618342483501" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Boles, Walter E." docDate="2005" docId="03DD879CCB6B8D1BEA45F9418310F99D" docLanguage="en" docName="RecAustMus.57.2.179-190.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Records of the Australian Museum 57 (2)" docSource="https://journals.australian.museum/boles-2005-rec-aust-mus-572-179190/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7863F7301B7BEE922F541F6F9B5AEEC6.2:RecAustMus.2008-2018.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="7863F7301B7BEE922F541F6F9B5AEEC6" docStyleName="RecAustMus.2008-2018.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Gallinula disneyi Boles 2005" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="187" masterDocId="FFE4FFE4CB638D13EB52FFCF865CFFF6" masterDocTitle="A New Flightless Gallinule (Aves: Rallidae: Gallinula) from the Oligo-Miocene of Riversleigh, Northwestern Queensland, Australia" masterLastPageNumber="190" masterPageNumber="179" pageNumber="187" updateTime="1698905409675" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="6F58AD5A47464A7539F20FF99ADB5676" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="BB7CD917D2DCF448E9EE52051A49FC15">
<mods:title id="69C9AB366C8D8D82A0A78420E8B426FF">A New Flightless Gallinule (Aves: Rallidae: Gallinula) from the Oligo-Miocene of Riversleigh, Northwestern Queensland, Australia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="AC03713188A238952C3BB51938E1D6ED" type="personal">
<mods:role id="361FD8AC5F0C2D969E9AED64EE66AF0F">
<mods:roleTerm id="EACD97FFE486567867772DA468DEED6B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A2F343D86247899DD1A3C58A8AE7F4F7">Boles, Walter E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="8BE782FE5613908C1246022D2A716352">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="87752F77E5CB50E5BBA035368D07176A" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="8FF1DA8BBAD55DE83039209270164260">
<mods:title id="61ED976F8AF0F10EA6A8E477626F9872">Records of the Australian Museum</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="9455E697ED60C8A06963A7EFE175FBE0">
<mods:date id="D6F219EF5C6CB34A41375641C1B487E1">2005</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="46B8907F6CB2A003645BF5E2E7E4B644" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="A64BB63D54BDE1DFD7484FC73C7D764B">2005-06-08</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="D09BCB09D8E4F79AE7B3D84011746FC2" type="volume">
<mods:number id="EA95122190658EE94D6A0CBDE6BA5988">57</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="B03431804233ABF287E3C41F97953EEE" type="issue">
<mods:number id="B88A36F9C8FDD56542C241767FF5CBAF">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="B373EEFF8757E625E6A9334F164F3A61" unit="page">
<mods:start id="730EF770F615AD7AFF092BF0CBB14DA2">179</mods:start>
<mods:end id="0A443ED44035D72BC8DC8931C10BD063">190</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="68DF6ED730F2AD0F117234BC05E27613">
<mods:url id="A501170BF1E023E887B31FF5A1F59790">https://journals.australian.museum/boles-2005-rec-aust-mus-572-179190/</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="91074B20381A4D99C592E0CEA0773613">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5419CE2388F3BB07A2825F3DB0F2E18E" type="DOI">10.3853/j.0067-1975.57.2005.1441</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7AFBD2852FB1903AD332152FB6F69C26" type="ISSN">2201-4349</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5DE7CCE057360D9175E5FD1DCF2198BF" type="Zenodo-Dep">4685543</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03DD879CCB6B8D1BEA45F9418310F99D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4685421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4685421" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD879CCB6B8D1BEA45F9418310F99D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD879CCB6B8D1BEA45F9418310F99D" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">
<subSubSection id="C36E6501CB6B8D1BEA45F94184F5F950" box="[279,681,1678,1702]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCB368ACB6B8D1BEA45F94184F5F950" blockId="8.[279,681,1678,1702]" box="[279,681,1678,1702]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">
<heading id="D08381E6CB6B8D1BEA45F94184F5F950" box="[279,681,1678,1702]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B900EA98CB6B8D1BEA45F94184F5F950" bold="true" box="[279,681,1678,1702]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">
Flightlessness in
<taxonomicName id="4C744D09CB6B8D1BEAB0F94184F5F950" authorityName="Boles" authorityYear="2005" box="[482,681,1678,1702]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Gallinula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="disneyi">
<emphasis id="B900EA98CB6B8D1BEAB0F94184F5F950" bold="true" box="[482,681,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">Gallinula disneyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E6501CB6B8D1BEBF4F90C83C0FAFD" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCB368ACB6B8D1BEBF4F90C849BF87C" blockId="8.[166,795,1731,1988]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">The major morphological consequence of flightlessness is a reduction of the pectoral assemblage and forelimb. Concurrent with this is an increase in the size of the pelvic limb. The most obvious morphological change in the legs is an increase in the robustness of the elements. In the wing there are several structures that undergo obvious and characteristic modifications with the loss of flight.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB368ACB6B8D1BEB96F85F8215FD0D" blockId="8.[166,795,1731,1988]" lastBlockId="8.[839,1467,153,1643]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B7BCB6B8D1BEB96F85F873CF851" author="Olson, S" box="[196,352,1936,1959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" pagination="63 - 79" refId="ref10948" refString="Olson, S. L., 1975 a. A review of the extinct rails of the New Zealand region (Aves: Rallidae). Records of the National Museum of New Zealand 1: 63 - 79." type="journal article" year="1975">Olson (1975a)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B7BCB6B8D1BEAC7F85F8409F851" author="Rich, P" box="[405,597,1936,1959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" pagination="165 - 191" refId="ref11138" refString="Rich, P. V., A. R. McEvey &amp; R. F. Baird, 1985. Osteological comparison of the scrub-birds, Atrichornis, and lyrebirds, Menura (Passeriformes: Atrichornithidae and Menuridae). Records of the Australian Museum 37 (3): 165 - 191." type="journal article" year="1985">
Rich
<emphasis id="B900EA98CB6B8D1BEA9DF85F87A3F851" box="[463,511,1936,1959]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">et al</emphasis>
. (1985)
</bibRefCitation>
presented a range of features that characterize the humerus of non-volant birds. These are evident in a comparison between the Riversleigh fossils and the similar-sized humerus of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D09CB6B8D1BEFBEFF7883E8FF38" authorityName="Gould" authorityYear="1837" box="[1260,1460,183,206]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Gallinula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventralis">
<emphasis id="B900EA98CB6B8D1BEFBEFF7883E8FF38" box="[1260,1460,183,206]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">Gallinula ventralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the fossils, the incisura capitis is directed more proximodistally, bringing it more in line with the shaft; this is caused by the entire proximal end of the humerus being tilted laterally relative to the rest of the element. By virtue of this tilting, the tuberculum ventrale becomes on the same proximal level as the caput humeri. The caput itself is considerably flattened and elongate. The crista deltopectoralis is thickened, reduced and rotated proximomedially in respect to the shaft. The crista bicipitalis is reduced. The shaft is curved and stout; however, this has not been preserved in the fossils. Other changes are seen in the fossil carpometacarpus. Compared to this element in the volant species, it is reduced, becoming shorter as well as stouter, os metacarpale majus is bowed in anterior view, and os metacarpale minus is more curved. Changes in the coracoid related to flightlessness include a more robust processus acrocoracoideus and a broader and more medially directed processus procoracoideus lacking the ventrally directed twist of the tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB368ACB6B8D1BE837FCCE83C0FAFD" blockId="8.[839,1467,153,1643]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">
The proportional reduction in length is not uniform across the wing elements. There is a gradient in this proportion, with increased reduction from the proximal to the distal elements (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B7BCB6B8D1BE8E1FC968211FC86" author="Livezey, B" box="[947,1101,857,880]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" pagination="169 - 193" refId="ref10616" refString="Livezey, B. C., 1995. Heterochrony and the evolution of avian flightlessness. In Evolutionary Change and Heterochrony, ed. K. J. McNamara, pp. 169 - 193. New York: John Wiley and Sons." type="book chapter" year="1995">Livezey, 1995</bibRefCitation>
). This is characteristic of flightless birds, not just rails (see, for example,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B7BCB6B8D1BEF99FCB88304FC78" author="Gadow, H" box="[1227,1368,887,910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" pagination="169 - 176" refId="ref10445" refString="Gadow, H., 1902. The wing and skeleton of Phalacrocorax harrisi. Novitates Zoologicae, London 9: 169 - 176." type="journal article" year="1902">Gadow, 1902</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B7BCB6B8D1BEE33FCB88523FC5D" author="Livezey, B" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" pagination="410 - 439" refId="ref10526" refString="Livezey, B. C., 1989. Phylogenetic relationships and incipient flightlessness of the extinct Auckland Islands Merganser. Wilson Bulletin 101: 410 - 439." type="journal article" year="1989">Livezey, 1989</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B7BCB6B8D1BE8DCFC5B859BFC5D" author="Livezey, B" box="[910,967,916,939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" pagination="639 - 673" refId="ref10555" refString="Livezey, B. C., 1990. Evolutionary morphology of flightlessness in the Auckland Islands Teal. Condor 92: 639 - 673." type="journal article" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B7BCB6B8D1BE887FC5B8252FC5D" author="Livezey, B" box="[981,1038,916,939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" pagination="105 - 145" refId="ref10581" refString="Livezey, B. C., 1992. Morphological corollaries and ecological implications of flightlessness in the Kakapo (Psittaciformes: Strigops habroptilus). Journal of Morphology 213: 105 - 145." type="journal article" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
; Livezey &amp; Humphrey, 1986;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B7BCB6B8D1BEE37FC5B85DDFC3E" author="Worthy, T" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" pagination="619 - 628" refId="ref11316" refString="Worthy, T. H., 1988. Loss of flight ability in the extinct New Zealand duck Euryanas finschi. Journal of Zoology, London 215: 619 - 628." type="journal article" year="1988">Worthy, 1988</bibRefCitation>
). Direct comparison of the fossils with comparable elements of the volant
<taxonomicName id="4C744D09CB6B8D1BEF61FC0082A0FC10" authorityName="Gould" authorityYear="1837" box="[1075,1276,975,998]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Gallinula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventralis">
<emphasis id="B900EA98CB6B8D1BEF61FC0082A0FC10" box="[1075,1276,975,998]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">Gallinula ventralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
demonstrates that the fossil rails also exhibit this trend (
<figureCitation id="134F2A0FCB6B8D1BEF84FC23834BFBF5" box="[1238,1303,1004,1027]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[121,157,1091,1112]" captionTargetBox="[136,731,170,1053]" captionTargetId="figure-9@9.[121,748,151,1068]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Log-ratio plot of selected osteological measurements (see Table 62) of Gallinula disneyi and living and recently extinct species of native-hens Tribonyx. The standard species is Gallinula ventralis. Abbreviations are co, coracoid; h, humerus; ca, carpometacarpus; f, femur; tb, tibiotarsus; tm, tarsometatarsus; dlc, depth of condylus lateralis; dmc, depth of condylus medialis; dt3, depth of trochlea metatarsi III; dt4, depth of trochlea metatarsi IV; dw, distal width; paf, processus acrocoracoideus to facies articularis humeralis; pd, proximal depth; pw, proximal width; tl, total length." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4685559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4685559/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). The proximal end of the fossil humerus is slightly smaller than that of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D09CB6B8D1BEEF3FBC685F4FBC8" authorityName="Gould" authorityYear="1837" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Gallinula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventralis">
<emphasis id="B900EA98CB6B8D1BEEF3FBC685F4FBC8" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">G. ventralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, primarily through the reduction of the caput humeri and cristae deltopectoralis and bicipitalis, while the distal end is larger. The carpometacarpus of the fossil is substantially shorter (78% of length) and more robust. In contrast, all fragments of the fossil’s hindlimb elements are considerably larger than the comparable sections of the bones of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D09CB6B8D1BE831FB188580FB18" authorityName="Gould" authorityYear="1837" box="[867,988,1239,1262]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Gallinula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventralis">
<emphasis id="B900EA98CB6B8D1BE831FB188580FB18" box="[867,988,1239,1262]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">G. ventralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Its larger legs and smaller wings compared to
<taxonomicName id="4C744D09CB6B8D1BE815FB3B859DFAFD" authorityName="Gould" authorityYear="1837" box="[839,961,1268,1291]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Gallinula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventralis">
<emphasis id="B900EA98CB6B8D1BE815FB3B859DFAFD" box="[839,961,1268,1291]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">G. ventralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are a good indication that it was unable to fly.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E6501CB6B8D1BE837FADE8310F99D" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BCB368ACB6B8D1BE837FADE8310F99D" blockId="8.[839,1467,153,1643]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">
Although
<taxonomicName id="4C744D09CB6B8D1BE881FADE8297FADE" baseAuthorityName="Scarlett" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[979,1227,1297,1320]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Gallinula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hodgenorum">
<emphasis id="B900EA98CB6B8D1BE881FADE8297FADE" box="[979,1227,1297,1320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">Gallinula hodgenorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had greater reduction of the wings and pectoral apparatus, and more pronounced morphological differences from
<taxonomicName id="4C744D09CB6B8D1BEFFFFA838372FA95" ID-CoL="3F6W6" authorityName="Gould" authorityYear="1837" box="[1197,1326,1356,1379]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Gallinula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventralis">
<emphasis id="B900EA98CB6B8D1BEFFFFA838372FA95" box="[1197,1326,1356,1379]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">G. ventralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than had
<taxonomicName id="4C744D09CB6B8D1BEEF3FA838208FA76" ID-CoL="3F6VZ" authority="(Olson, 1975 b)" baseAuthorityName="Olson" baseAuthorityYear="1975" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Gallinula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mortierii">
<emphasis id="B900EA98CB6B8D1BEEF3FA8385FBFA76" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">G. mortierii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B7BCB6B8D1BE8E4FAA68217FA76" author="Olson, S" box="[950,1099,1385,1408]" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" pagination="49 - 54" refId="ref10989" refString="Olson, S. L., 1975 b. The extinct rails of C. W. De Vis, being mainly an extinct form of Tribonyx mortierii from Queensland. Emu 75: 49 - 54." type="journal article" year="1975">Olson, 1975b</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, it showed trends in the hindlimb that are also evident in the Riversleigh bird. The shafts of both the tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus are heavier those of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D09CB6B8D1BE839FA0E85A4FA2E" ID-CoL="3F6W6" authorityName="Gould" authorityYear="1837" box="[875,1016,1473,1496]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Gallinula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventralis">
<emphasis id="B900EA98CB6B8D1BE839FA0E85A4FA2E" box="[875,1016,1473,1496]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">G. ventralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The crista cnemialis lateralis of the tibiotarsus is thicker. The proximal end of the tarsometatarsus is more expanded, as are the trochleae, which are also heavier. It is difficult to compare these usefully with the trochleae of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D09CB6B8D1BE8ACF9F88230F9B8" authorityName="Boles" authorityYear="2005" box="[1022,1132,1591,1614]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Gallinula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="disneyi">
<emphasis id="B900EA98CB6B8D1BE8ACF9F88230F9B8" box="[1022,1132,1591,1614]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">G. disneyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because abrasion to the latter gives an underestimate of their size (see
<figureCitation id="134F2A0FCB6B8D1BEFACF99B8363F99D" box="[1278,1343,1620,1643]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[121,157,1091,1112]" captionTargetBox="[136,731,170,1053]" captionTargetId="figure-9@9.[121,748,151,1068]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Log-ratio plot of selected osteological measurements (see Table 62) of Gallinula disneyi and living and recently extinct species of native-hens Tribonyx. The standard species is Gallinula ventralis. Abbreviations are co, coracoid; h, humerus; ca, carpometacarpus; f, femur; tb, tibiotarsus; tm, tarsometatarsus; dlc, depth of condylus lateralis; dmc, depth of condylus medialis; dt3, depth of trochlea metatarsi III; dt4, depth of trochlea metatarsi IV; dw, distal width; paf, processus acrocoracoideus to facies articularis humeralis; pd, proximal depth; pw, proximal width; tl, total length." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4685559" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4685559/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="187">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink