626 lines
83 KiB
XML
626 lines
83 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="EA34FB7F4F8E2B15537D7F60BE24AEF2">Shallow water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the 2002 NOWRAMP cruise to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FD3A45A4345A9E50BD9183EE26CDD01B">Calder, Dale R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="03F9E3D55DDB1519C2158C9025D9C95D">Faucci, Anuschka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="36EFCE70DDE2D9F6FA68D1D64F1D8AD4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="039687B70D10E0577DA0216667B8FEB1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687B70D10E0577DA0216667B8FEB1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687B70D10E0577DA0216667B8FEB1" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<subSubSection id="C325652A0D10E0557DA02166666AF9A0" box="[151,635,1590,1617]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D10E0557DA02166666AF9A0" blockId="52.[151,635,1590,1653]" box="[151,635,1590,1617]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<heading id="D0C881CD0D10E0557DA02166666AF9A0" bold="true" box="[151,635,1590,1617]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E0557DA02166666AF9A0" ID-CoL="3X99Q" authority="(Busk, 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[151,635,1590,1617]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoenicea">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557DA02166666AF9A0" bold="true" box="[151,635,1590,1617]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557DA0216665C9F9A1" bold="true" box="[151,472,1590,1617]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Macrorhynchia phoenicea</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557CD021666662F9A0" author="Busk, G." box="[487,627,1590,1616]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1846 - 1850" refId="ref52124" refString="Busk, G. (1852) Appendix IV. An account of the Polyzoa, and sertularian zoophytes, collected in the voyage of the Rattlesnake, on the coasts of Australia and the Louisiade Archipelago, & c. In: Macgillivray, J. (Ed.), Narrative of the voyage of H. M. S. Rattlesnake, commanded by the late Captain Owen Stanley, R. N., F. R. S. & c., during the years 1846 - 1850. Vol. 1. T. & W. Boone, London, pp. 343 - 402." type="book chapter" year="1852">Busk, 1852</bibRefCitation>
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)
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||
</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C325652A0D10E0557DA0210B651AF985" box="[151,267,1627,1653]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D10E0557DA0210B651AF985" blockId="52.[151,635,1590,1653]" box="[151,267,1627,1653]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<figureCitation id="13042A240D10E0557DA0210B651AF985" box="[151,267,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1641,1665]" captionTargetBox="[345,1229,201,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-19@49.[345,1242,181,1617]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 14. Aglaopheniidae. a, Aglaophenia postdentata Billard, 1913, part of a cladium with two hydrothecae, Gardner Pinnacles, ROMIZ B5462. Scale equals 0.1 mm. b, Aglaophenia suensonii Jäderholm, 1896, part of a cladium with three hydrothecae, Laysan Island, ROMIZ B5463. Scale equals 0.1 mm. c, Aglaophenia suensonii Jäderholm, 1896, corbula, Laysan Island, ROMIZ B5463. Scale equals 0.2 mm. d, Aglaophenia whiteleggei Bale, 1888, part of a cladium with two hydrothecae, Pearl & HermesAtoll, ROMIZ B5464. Scale equals 0.1 mm. e, Lytocarpia flexuosa (Lamouroux, 1816), part of a cladium with three hydrothecae, Pearl & Hermes Atoll, ROMIZ B5479. Scale equals 0.1 mm. f, Lytocarpia phyteuma (Stechow, 1919b), part of a cladium with two hydrothecae, Pearl & Hermes Atoll, ROMIZ B5468. Scale equals 0.1 mm. g, Macrorhynchia philippina Kirchenpauer, 1872, part of a cladium with two hydrothecae, Midway Atoll, ROMIZ B5470. Scale equals 0.1 mm. h, Macrorhynchia phoenicea (Busk, 1852), part of a cladium with three hydrothecae, Gardner Pinnacles, ROMIZ B5475. Scale equals 0.1 mm. i, Macrorhynchia phoenicea (Busk, 1852), one phylactocarp, without gonothecae, Gardner Pinnacles, ROMIZ B5475. Scale equals 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5802960" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5802960/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 14h, i</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C325652A0D10E0557DA021CF6794F905" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D10E0557DA021CF663CF947" blockId="52.[151,901,1695,1781]" box="[151,557,1695,1719]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2F118F0D10E0557DA021CF663CF947" box="[151,557,1695,1719]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D10E0557DA021CF6638F947" author="Busk, G." box="[151,553,1695,1719]" page="398" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1852">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E0557DA021CF6638F947" authority="Busk, 1852: 398" authorityName="Busk" authorityPageNumber="398" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,553,1695,1719]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoenicea">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557DA021CF6568F947" box="[151,377,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Plumularia phoenicea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557C4821CF6638F947" author="Busk, G." box="[383,553,1695,1719]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1846 - 1850" refId="ref52124" refString="Busk, G. (1852) Appendix IV. An account of the Polyzoa, and sertularian zoophytes, collected in the voyage of the Rattlesnake, on the coasts of Australia and the Louisiade Archipelago, & c. In: Macgillivray, J. (Ed.), Narrative of the voyage of H. M. S. Rattlesnake, commanded by the late Captain Owen Stanley, R. N., F. R. S. & c., during the years 1846 - 1850. Vol. 1. T. & W. Boone, London, pp. 343 - 402." type="book chapter" year="1852">Busk, 1852: 398</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D10E0557DA021EF6679F926" blockId="52.[151,901,1695,1781]" box="[151,616,1726,1750]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2F118F0D10E0557DA021EF6679F926" box="[151,616,1726,1750]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E0557DA021EF6590F926" ID-CoL="3WVMS" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[151,385,1726,1750]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoeniceus">
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||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557DA021EF6590F926" box="[151,385,1726,1750]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Lytocarpus phoeniceus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D10E0557CA821EE6675F926" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[415,612,1726,1750]" page="954" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1905">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557CA821EE6675F926" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[415,612,1726,1750]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="931 - 959" refId="ref65056" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1905) Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1903, pp. 931 - 959." type="journal article" year="1905">Nutting, 1905: 954</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D10E0557DA0218C6794F905" blockId="52.[151,901,1695,1781]" box="[151,901,1756,1781]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2F118F0D10E0557DA0218C6794F905" box="[151,901,1756,1781]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D10E0557DA0218C65B3F904" ID-CoL="3X99Q" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1852" box="[151,418,1756,1780]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoenicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557DA0218C65B3F904" box="[151,418,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Macrorhynchia phoenicea</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D10E0557CF7218C66F1F905" author="Di Camillo, C. G. & Puce, S. & Bavestrello, G." box="[448,736,1756,1781]" page="218" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557CF7218C66F1F905" author="Di Camillo, C. G. & Puce, S. & Bavestrello, G." box="[448,736,1756,1781]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="208 - 228" refId="ref55699" refString="Di Camillo, C. G., Puce, S. & Bavestrello, G. (2009) Macrorhynchia species (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Bunaken Marine Park (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) with a description of two new species. Italian Journal of Zoology, 76, 208 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250000802182018" type="journal article" year="2009">
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||
Di Camillo
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||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557F0E218D6677F904" box="[569,614,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
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., 2009: 218
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, figs 2H–I, 6, 9.
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C325652A0D10E0547DA02073655AFF25" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D10E0557DA0207367E9F8CD" blockId="52.[151,1436,1826,2033]" box="[151,1016,1826,1853]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<materialsCitation id="3B573CFC0D10E0557DA0207367E5F8CD" box="[151,1012,1826,1853]" country="Australia" location="Torres Strait" municipality="Prince of Wales Channel" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557DA020736527F8CC" bold="true" box="[151,310,1826,1853]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<typeStatus id="548488030D10E0557DA0207364C3F8CD" box="[151,210,1827,1853]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F32876310D10E0557C0B207365B6F8CD" box="[316,423,1827,1853]" name="Australia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
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:
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<location id="8EE0607A0D10E0557C862073662EF8CD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687B70D10E0577DA0216667B8FEB1:8EE0607A0D10E0557C862073662EF8CD" box="[433,575,1827,1853]" country="Australia" municipality="Prince of Wales Channel" name="Torres Strait" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Torres Strait</location>
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,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE4ACDB0D10E0557F7D2073674FF8CD" box="[586,862,1827,1853]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Prince of Wales Channel</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D10E0557E5A207367FAF8CD" author="Busk, G." box="[877,1003,1826,1853]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1846 - 1850" refId="ref52124" refString="Busk, G. (1852) Appendix IV. An account of the Polyzoa, and sertularian zoophytes, collected in the voyage of the Rattlesnake, on the coasts of Australia and the Louisiade Archipelago, & c. In: Macgillivray, J. (Ed.), Narrative of the voyage of H. M. S. Rattlesnake, commanded by the late Captain Owen Stanley, R. N., F. R. S. & c., during the years 1846 - 1850. Vol. 1. T. & W. Boone, London, pp. 343 - 402." type="book chapter" year="1852">Busk 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D10E0547DF02017655AFF25" blockId="52.[151,1436,1826,2033]" lastBlockId="53.[151,1437,151,2014]" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D10E0557DF0201765B1F890" bold="true" box="[199,416,1862,1889]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Voucher material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B573CFC0D10E0557C9D20176005F875" collectingDate="2002-09-14" collectionCode="ROMIZ" collectorName="A. Faucci" location="Gardner Pinnacles" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCode="B5471" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EE0607A0D10E0557C9D2017666CF891" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687B70D10E0577DA0216667B8FEB1:8EE0607A0D10E0557C9D2017666CF891" box="[426,637,1863,1889]" name="Gardner Pinnacles" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Gardner Pinnacles</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8110610D10E0557FBD20176715F891" box="[650,772,1863,1889]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-09-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC5E9890D10E0557FBD20176715F891" box="[650,772,1863,1889]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-09-14">14.ix.2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, three colonies or colony fragments, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D10E05579E72017610EF891" box="[1232,1311,1863,1889]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="4.4">4.4 cm</quantity>
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||
high, with developing phylactogonia but no gonothecae, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CA53770D10E0557FD2203B6748F875" box="[741,857,1899,1925]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">A. Faucci</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE640D10E0557E51203B67D1F875" box="[870,960,1899,1925]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="DB999EDA0D10E0557EFC203A6005F875" box="[971,1044,1898,1925]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B5471</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B573CFC0D10E0557902203A6009F859" collectingDate="2002-09-23" collectionCode="ROMIZ" collectorName="A. Faucci" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" location="Midway Atoll" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCode="B5472" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D10E0557902203A60CBF875" box="[1077,1242,1898,1925]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Midway Atoll</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8110610D10E05579DE203B6175F875" box="[1257,1380,1899,1925]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-09-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC5E9890D10E05579DE203B6175F875" box="[1257,1380,1899,1925]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-09-23">23.ix.2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, two colonies, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D10E0557C1320DE6562F859" box="[292,371,1934,1961]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, without gonophores, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CA53770D10E0557FDD20DF674CF859" box="[746,861,1935,1961]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">A. Faucci</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE640D10E0557E5C20DF67D4F859" box="[875,965,1935,1961]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB999EDA0D10E0557EF920DE6009F859" box="[974,1048,1934,1961]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B5472</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B573CFC0D10E055790D20DE67D8F83D" collectingDate="2002-09-20" collectionCode="ROMIZ" collectorName="A. Faucci" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" location="Midway Atoll" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCode="B5473" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D10E055790D20DE60CCF859" box="[1082,1245,1934,1961]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Midway Atoll</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8110610D10E05579DC20DF6177F859" box="[1259,1382,1935,1961]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-09-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC5E9890D10E05579DC20DF6177F859" box="[1259,1382,1935,1961]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-09-20">20.ix.2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, one colony,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D10E0557DD820E2652AF83D" box="[239,315,1970,1997]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, without gonophores, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CA53770D10E0557F9320E36705F83D" box="[676,788,1971,1997]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">A. Faucci</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE640D10E0557E2920E36769F83D" box="[798,888,1971,1997]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB999EDA0D10E0557E4820E267D8F83D" box="[895,969,1970,1997]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B5473</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B573CFC0D10E0557EDD20E2610CF801" collectingDate="2002-09-20" collectionCode="ROMIZ" collectorName="A. Faucci" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" location="Midway Atoll" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCode="B5474" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D10E0557EDD20E2609AF83D" box="[1002,1163,1970,1997]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Midway Atoll</collectingCountry>
|
||
, unattached,
|
||
<date id="FF8110610D10E055782A20E36189F83D" box="[1309,1432,1971,1997]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-09-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC5E9890D10E055782A20E36189F83D" box="[1309,1432,1971,1997]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2002-09-20">20.ix.2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, three colonies or colony fragments, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D10E0557F7320876681F801" box="[580,656,2007,2033]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, without gonophores, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CA53770D10E0557ECF20876079F801" box="[1016,1128,2007,2033]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">A. Faucci</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE640D10E0557945208760DDF801" box="[1138,1228,2007,2033]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB999EDA0D10E05579E42086610CF801" box="[1235,1309,2006,2033]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">B5474</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B573CFC0D10E054780A20866556FF25" collectingDate="2002-09-14" collectionCode="ROMIZ" collectorName="A. Faucci" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" location="Gardner Pinnacles" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCode="B5475" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EE0607A0D10E054780A20866514FF41" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687B70D10E0577DA0216667B8FEB1:8EE0607A0D10E054780A20866514FF41" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" name="Gardner Pinnacles" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Gardner Pinnacles</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8110610D11E0547C2427C7659CFF41" box="[275,397,151,177]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2002-09-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC5E9890D11E0547C2427C7659CFF41" box="[275,397,151,177]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2002-09-14">14.ix.2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, three colonies or colony fragments, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D11E0547E6A27C767BDFF41" box="[861,940,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="cm" value="4.3">4.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, without gonophores, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CA53770D11E054781227C76188FF41" box="[1317,1433,151,177]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A. Faucci</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE640D11E0547DA027EB64E0FF25" box="[151,241,187,213]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB999EDA0D11E0547DCF27EA6556FF25" box="[248,327,186,213]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">B5475</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C325652A0D11E0577DF0278F67B8FEB1" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D11E0547DF0278F6129FEB1" blockId="53.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547DF0278F652AFF09" bold="true" box="[199,315,223,249]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547F26278F671AFF09" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1852" box="[529,779,223,249]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoenicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547F26278F671AFF09" box="[529,779,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Plumularia phoenicea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was made nomenclaturally available through a brief, unillustrated account by British naturalist George
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547FA92653673CFEED" author="Busk, G." box="[670,813,258,285]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1846 - 1850" refId="ref52124" refString="Busk, G. (1852) Appendix IV. An account of the Polyzoa, and sertularian zoophytes, collected in the voyage of the Rattlesnake, on the coasts of Australia and the Louisiade Archipelago, & c. In: Macgillivray, J. (Ed.), Narrative of the voyage of H. M. S. Rattlesnake, commanded by the late Captain Owen Stanley, R. N., F. R. S. & c., during the years 1846 - 1850. Vol. 1. T. & W. Boone, London, pp. 343 - 402." type="book chapter" year="1852">Busk (1852)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547E0E265367AFFEED" author="Bale, W. M." box="[825,958,259,285]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref49934" refString="Bale, W. M. (1884) Catalogue of the Australian hydroid zoophytes. Australian Museum, Sydney, 198 pp." type="book" year="1884">Bale (1884)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided the first detailed description and illustrations of it, under the binomen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547F0026776751FEB1" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[567,832,295,321]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoenicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547F0026776751FEB1" box="[567,832,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Aglaophenia phoenicea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based in part on material provided by Busk.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D11E0547DF0261B6077FCAD" blockId="53.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
In an examination of Busk’s specimens at the British Museum,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547E86261B6071FE95" author="Billard, A." box="[945,1120,331,357]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="367 - 369" refId="ref50485" refString="Billard, A. (1909 a) Sur quelques Plumulariidae de la collection du British Museum. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 148, 367 - 369." type="journal article" year="1909">Billard (1909a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
concluded that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E054782A261B6572FE79" authority="Busk, 1852" authorityName="Busk" authorityYear="1852" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aurita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E054782A261B64CAFE78" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Plumularia aurita</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547DD4263F6572FE79" author="Busk, G." box="[227,355,366,393]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1846 - 1850" refId="ref52124" refString="Busk, G. (1852) Appendix IV. An account of the Polyzoa, and sertularian zoophytes, collected in the voyage of the Rattlesnake, on the coasts of Australia and the Louisiade Archipelago, & c. In: Macgillivray, J. (Ed.), Narrative of the voyage of H. M. S. Rattlesnake, commanded by the late Captain Owen Stanley, R. N., F. R. S. & c., during the years 1846 - 1850. Vol. 1. T. & W. Boone, London, pp. 343 - 402." type="book chapter" year="1852">Busk, 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547F6B263F66E9FE79" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[604,760,367,393]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoeniceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547F6B263F66E9FE79" box="[604,760,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L. phoeniceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Acting as First Reviser (ICZN 1999, Art. 24.2.2), he united the simultaneous synonyms under the binomen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547F9B26C36756FE5D" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[684,839,403,429]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoeniceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547F9B26C36756FE5D" box="[684,839,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L. phoeniceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Precedence was assigned to the specific name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E054786B26C364CEFE20" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoeniceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E054786B26C364CEFE20" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">phoeniceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because it had taken on current usage while
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547FFB26E7670AFE20" box="[716,795,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">auritus</emphasis>
|
||
had not subsequently been reported. If the demoted name was to be recognized as a variety,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547F17268B66D0FE05" author="Billard, A." box="[544,705,475,501]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref50560" refString="Billard, A. (1910) Revision d'une partie de la collection des hydroides du British Museum. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, 9 e Serie, 11, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1910">Billard (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547E0E268B603CFE04" box="[825,1069,475,501]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="phoeniceus" subSpecies="auritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547E0E268B603CFE04" box="[825,1069,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L. phoeniceus auritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for it, but that trinomen has not gained acceptance. Also assigned to the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547FDC26AF6792FDE9" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[747,899,511,537]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoenicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547FDC26AF6792FDE9" box="[747,899,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">M. phoenicea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547E9C26AF607DFDE9" author="Schuchert, P." box="[939,1132,511,537]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="137 - 256" refId="ref68189" refString="Schuchert, P. (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Danish Expedition to the Kei Islands. Steenstrupia, 27, 137 - 256." type="journal article" year="2003">Schuchert (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E054799926AF6569FDCD" authority="Kirchenpauer, 1872" authorityName="Kirchenpauer" authorityYear="1872" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E054799926AF618DFDE8" box="[1198,1436,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Aglaophenia rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547DA025736569FDCD" author="Kirchenpauer, G. H." box="[151,376,547,573]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref60698" refString="Kirchenpauer, G. H. (1872) Ueber die Hydroidenfamilie Plumularidae, einzelne Gruppen derselben und ihre Fruchtbehalter. I. Aglaophenia Lx. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften herausgegeben von dem Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg, 5 (3), 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="1872">Kirchenpauer, 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547CB425736733FDCD" authority="Allman, 1883" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" box="[387,802,547,573]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547CB425736691FDCD" box="[387,640,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lytocarpus spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547FB225736733FDCD" author="Allman, G. J." box="[645,802,547,573]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref49341" refString="Allman, G. J. (1883) Report on the Hydroida dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years l 873 - 76. Part I. - Plumularidae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 7 (20), 1 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11299" type="journal article" year="1883">Allman, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and with question
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547ECA25736102FDCD" authority="Pictet, 1893" authorityName="Pictet" authorityYear="1893" box="[1021,1299,547,573]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disjuncta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547ECA25736092FDCD" box="[1021,1155,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A. disjuncta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E05479BD25736102FDCD" author="Pictet, C." box="[1162,1299,547,573]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref66210" refString="Pictet, C. (1893) Voyage de MM. M. Bedot et C. Pictet dans l'Archipel Malais. Etude sur les hydraires de la Baie d'Amboine. Revue Suisse de Zoologie et Annales du Musee d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, 1, 1 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 3743" type="journal article" year="1893">Pictet, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E054782825736532FD91" author="Di Camillo, C. G. & Puce, S. & Bavestrello, G." pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="208 - 228" refId="ref55699" refString="Di Camillo, C. G., Puce, S. & Bavestrello, G. (2009) Macrorhynchia species (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Bunaken Marine Park (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) with a description of two new species. Italian Journal of Zoology, 76, 208 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250000802182018" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Di Camillo
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547DA0251764D8FD91" box="[151,201,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
regarded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547CA22517661FFD90" authorityName="Kirchenpauer" authorityYear="1872" box="[405,526,583,609]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rostrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547CA22517661FFD90" box="[405,526,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A. rostrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547F2A25176787FD91" authority="Billard, 1913" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" box="[541,918,583,609]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547F2A251766E8FD91" box="[541,761,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lytocarpus sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547E3625176787FD91" author="Billard, A." box="[769,918,583,609]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref50639" refString="Billard, A. (1913) Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie, Monographie, 7 a, 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard, 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and, with question,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E054794A25176115FD91" authorityName="Pictet" authorityYear="1893" box="[1149,1284,583,609]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disjuncta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E054794A25176115FD91" box="[1149,1284,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A. disjuncta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as synonyms or questionable synonyms of the species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547F58253B677DFD75" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1883" box="[623,876,619,645]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547F58253B677DFD75" box="[623,876,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lytocarpus spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547EBB253B60A8FD75" box="[908,1209,619,645]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547EBB253B60A8FD75" box="[908,1209,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Macrorhynchia spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) was recognized by Di Camillo
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547C2925DF6541FD59" box="[286,336,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. as distinct, although its validity has been questioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547EEC25DF60C9FD5A" author="Postaire, B. & Magalon, H. & Bourmaud, C. A. - F. & Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Bruggemann, J. H." box="[987,1240,655,682]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="103 - 114" refId="ref66453" refString="Postaire, B., Magalon, H., Bourmaud, C. A. - F., Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Bruggemann, J. H. (2016 b). Phylogenetic relationships within Aglaopheniidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) reveal unexpected generic diversity. Zoologica Scripta, 45, 103 - 114. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12135" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Postaire
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E054790A25DF6061FD59" box="[1085,1136,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2016b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E054782725DF64F3FD3D" author="Moura, C. J. & Lessios, H. & Cortes, J. & Nizinski, M. S. & Reed, J. & Santos, R. S. & Collins, A. G." pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref64531" refString="Moura, C. J., Lessios, H., Cortes, J., Nizinski, M. S., Reed, J., Santos, R. S. & Collins, A. G. (2018) Hundreds of genetic barcodes of the species-rich hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) provide a guide toward more reliable taxonomy [including supplementary text]. Scientific Reports, 8, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 35528 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Moura
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E054785425DF6184FD59" box="[1379,1429,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on molecular data. Meanwhile, the proposed synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547E8A25E36020FD3D" authorityName="Billard" authorityYear="1913" box="[957,1073,691,717]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547E8A25E36020FD3D" box="[957,1073,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L. sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E054795025E360EFFD3D" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1127,1278,691,717]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoenicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E054795025E360EFFD3D" box="[1127,1278,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">M. phoenicea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been supported by results from 16S rRNA sequences by Postaire
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547E3425876722FD01" box="[771,819,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. As for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547EBE2587601FFD01" authorityName="Pictet" authorityYear="1893" box="[905,1038,727,753]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disjuncta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547EBE2587601FFD01" box="[905,1038,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A. disjuncta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E054791B25876154FD01" baseAuthorityName="Pictet" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[1068,1349,727,753]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disjuncta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E054791B25876154FD01" box="[1068,1349,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Macrorhynchia disjuncta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], Galea (2020) found that it differed morphologically in several respects from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547E9225AB602CFCE5" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[933,1085,763,789]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoenicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547E9225AB602CFCE5" box="[933,1085,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">M. phoenicea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Colonies were said to be more delicate, cladia were comparatively longer and more separated, cormidia were longer, and hydrothecae were slightly larger. He therefore recognized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547CCD24136697FCAD" baseAuthorityName="Pictet" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[506,646,835,861]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disjuncta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547CCD24136697FCAD" box="[506,646,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">M. disjuncta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as valid and provided a redescription of it.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D11E0547DF0243767A7FAC1" blockId="53.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Hydroids assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547C8E24376641FC71" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[441,592,871,897]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoenicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547C8E24376641FC71" box="[441,592,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">M. phoenicea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have long been characterized as decidedly varied in morphology (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E054785E243764C3FC55" author="Bale, W. M." pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref49934" refString="Bale, W. M. (1884) Catalogue of the Australian hydroid zoophytes. Australian Museum, Sydney, 198 pp." type="book" year="1884">Bale 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547DE924DB6618FC55" box="[222,521,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547DC824DB6618FC55" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[255,521,907,933]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoenicea">Aglaophenia phoenicea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547F2E24DB6793FC55" author="Marktanner-Turneretscher, G." box="[537,898,907,933]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="195 - 286" refId="ref62486" refString="Marktanner-Turneretscher, G. (1890) Die Hydroiden des k. k. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. Annalen des Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 5, 195 - 286." type="journal article" year="1890">Marktanner-Turneretscher 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547E9A24DB60A1FC55" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[941,1200,907,933]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoeniceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547E9A24DB60A1FC55" box="[941,1200,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lytocarpus phoeniceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E05479F724DB6140FC55" author="Billard, A." box="[1216,1361,907,933]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref50560" refString="Billard, A. (1910) Revision d'une partie de la collection des hydroides du British Museum. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, 9 e Serie, 11, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1910">Billard 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E054786A24DB6189FC55" author="Billard, A." box="[1373,1432,907,933]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref50639" refString="Billard, A. (1913) Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie, Monographie, 7 a, 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547D8224FF655EFC39" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[181,335,943,969]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoeniceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547D8224FF655EFC39" box="[181,335,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L. phoeniceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547C6A24FF661CFC39" author="Stechow, E." box="[349,525,943,969]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref69046" refString="Stechow, E. (1913 b) Hydroidpolypen der japanischen Ostkuste. II. Teil: Campanularidae, Halecidae, Lafoeidae, Campanulinidae und Sertularidae, nebst Erganzungen zu den Athecata und Plumularidae. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der Koniglichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 3, Supplement-Band 2, 1 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11621" type="journal article" year="1913">Stechow 1913b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547F0324FF66DEFC39" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[564,719,943,969]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoeniceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547F0324FF66DEFC39" box="[564,719,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L. phoeniceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547FEA24FF674EFC39" author="Jarvis, F. E." box="[733,863,943,969]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="331 - 360" refId="ref60300" refString="Jarvis, F. E. (1922) The hydroids from the Chagos, Seychelles and other islands and from the coasts of British East Africa and Zanzibar. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 18, 331 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1922. tb 00553. x" type="journal article" year="1922">Jarvis 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547EB024FF6033FC39" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[903,1058,943,969]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoeniceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547EB024FF6033FC39" box="[903,1058,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L. phoeniceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E054791824FF60C3FC39" author="Vervoort, W." box="[1071,1234,943,969]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="287 - 351" refId="ref70416" refString="Vervoort, W. (1946) Exotic hydroids in the collections of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie and the Zoological Museum at Amsterdam. Zoologische Mededelingen, 26, 287 - 351." type="journal article" year="1946">Vervoort 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E05479CD24FF6185FC39" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1274,1428,943,969]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoeniceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E05479CD24FF6185FC39" box="[1274,1428,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L. phoeniceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547DA0248365B8FC1D" author="Ryland, J. S. & Gibbons, M. J." box="[151,425,979,1005]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="525 - 560" refId="ref67798" refString="Ryland, J. S. & Gibbons, M. J. (1991) Intertidal and shallow water hydroids from Fiji. II. Plumulariidae and Aglaopheniidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 30, 525 - 560." type="journal article" year="1991">Ryland & Gibbons 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547C8324836674FC1D" author="Schuchert, P." box="[436,613,979,1005]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="137 - 256" refId="ref68189" refString="Schuchert, P. (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Danish Expedition to the Kei Islands. Steenstrupia, 27, 137 - 256." type="journal article" year="2003">Schuchert 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547F582483677DFC1D" author="Di Camillo, C. G. & Puce, S. & Bavestrello, G." box="[623,876,979,1005]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="208 - 228" refId="ref55699" refString="Di Camillo, C. G., Puce, S. & Bavestrello, G. (2009) Macrorhynchia species (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Bunaken Marine Park (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) with a description of two new species. Italian Journal of Zoology, 76, 208 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250000802182018" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Di Camillo
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547FC524836733FC1D" box="[754,802,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Evidence from several molecular studies now indicate the existence of crypsis within the morphological concept of the species (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E054797024A76126FBE1" author="Postaire, B. & Magalon, H. & Bourmaud, C. A. - F. & Bruggemann, J. H." box="[1095,1335,1015,1041]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="36 - 49" refId="ref66377" refString="Postaire, B., Magalon, H., Bourmaud, C. A. - F. & Bruggemann, J. H. (2016 a) Molecular species delimitation methods and population genetics data reveal extensive lineage diversity and cryptic species in Aglaopheniidae (Hydrozoa). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 105, 36 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2016.08.013" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Postaire
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E054799F24A760C9FBE1" box="[1192,1240,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2016
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E054781D24A76126FBE1" author="Cunha, A. F. & Collins, A. G. & Marques, A. C." box="[1322,1335,1015,1041]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="118 - 135" refId="ref55058" refString="Cunha, A. F., Collins, A. G. & Marques, A. C. (2017) Phylogenetic relationships of Proboscoida Broch, 1910 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa): are traditional morphological diagnostic characters relevant for the delimitation of lineages at the species, genus, and family levels? Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 106, 118 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2016.09.012" type="journal article" year="2017">a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b, 2017;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547DA0234B657AFBC5" author="Moura, C. J. & Lessios, H. & Cortes, J. & Nizinski, M. S. & Reed, J. & Santos, R. S. & Collins, A. G." box="[151,363,1051,1077]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref64531" refString="Moura, C. J., Lessios, H., Cortes, J., Nizinski, M. S., Reed, J., Santos, R. S. & Collins, A. G. (2018) Hundreds of genetic barcodes of the species-rich hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) provide a guide toward more reliable taxonomy [including supplementary text]. Scientific Reports, 8, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 35528 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Moura
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547DDC234B650FFBC5" box="[235,286,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). From studies in the southwestern Indian Ocean,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547E9B234B60B8FBC6" author="Postaire, B. & Magalon, H. & Bourmaud, C. A. - F. & Bruggemann, J. H." box="[940,1193,1051,1078]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="36 - 49" refId="ref66377" refString="Postaire, B., Magalon, H., Bourmaud, C. A. - F. & Bruggemann, J. H. (2016 a) Molecular species delimitation methods and population genetics data reveal extensive lineage diversity and cryptic species in Aglaopheniidae (Hydrozoa). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 105, 36 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2016.08.013" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Postaire
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547938234B6053FBC5" box="[1039,1090,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2016a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
detected at least two biological species under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547C87236F665BFBA9" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[432,586,1087,1113]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoenicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547C87236F665BFBA9" box="[432,586,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">M. phoenicea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These were distinguished morphologically, in terms of grey nomenclature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547DA823336526FB8D" author="Minelli, A." box="[159,311,1123,1149]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="654 - 666" refId="ref64108" refString="Minelli, A. (2017) Grey nomenclature needs rules. Ecologica Montenegrina, 7, 654 - 666. https: // doi. org / 10.37828 / em. 2016.7.31" type="journal article" year="2017">Minelli 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as “morpho
|
||
<typeStatus id="548488030D11E0547CE123336605FB8D" box="[470,532,1123,1149]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">types</typeStatus>
|
||
” A and B, and subsequently referred in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547EEE233360D6FB8D" author="Postaire, B. & Gelin, P. & Bruggemann, J. H. & Pratlong, M. & Magalon, H." box="[985,1223,1123,1149]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="8170 - 8186" refId="ref66304" refString="Postaire, B., Gelin, P., Bruggemann, J. H., Pratlong, M. & Magalon, H. (2017) Population differentiation or species formation across the Indian and the Pacific oceans? An example from the brooding marine hydrozoan Macrorhynchia phoenicea. Ecology and Evolution, 7, 8170 - 8186. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.3236" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Postaire
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E054790C2333607CFB8D" box="[1083,1133,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E05479DB23336197FB8D" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1260,1414,1123,1149]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoenicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E05479DB23336197FB8D" box="[1260,1414,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">M. phoenicea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
α and β. Hydroids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547C4723D76618FB51" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[368,521,1159,1185]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoenicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547C4723D76618FB51" box="[368,521,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">M. phoenicea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
α were typically tall (to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D11E0547E2B23D76770FB51" box="[796,865,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
high), stiff, black and white in colour, and inhabit-ants of well-lighted locations swept by strong water currents. Those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547E8D23FB6045FB35" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[954,1108,1195,1221]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoenicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547E8D23FB6045FB35" box="[954,1108,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">M. phoenicea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
β were more gracile, usually brownish-orange in colour, and found under sheltered cliff edges. Their geographic distributions also differed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547856239F6551FAFD" author="Postaire, B. & Gelin, P. & Bruggemann, J. H. & Pratlong, M. & Magalon, H." pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="8170 - 8186" refId="ref66304" refString="Postaire, B., Gelin, P., Bruggemann, J. H., Pratlong, M. & Magalon, H. (2017) Population differentiation or species formation across the Indian and the Pacific oceans? An example from the brooding marine hydrozoan Macrorhynchia phoenicea. Ecology and Evolution, 7, 8170 - 8186. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.3236" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Postaire
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547DF023A364E9FAFD" box="[199,248,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547CBC23A36633FAFD" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[395,546,1267,1293]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoenicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547CBC23A36633FAFD" box="[395,546,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">M. phoenicea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
α occurring the western Indian Ocean and the Tropical Southwestern Pacific (as two lineages) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547C53224765EDFAC1" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[356,508,1303,1329]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoenicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547C53224765EDFAC1" box="[356,508,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">M. phoenicea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
β inhabiting the western Indian Ocean.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D11E0547DF0226B660BFA15" blockId="53.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Such cryptic diversity was deemed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547FB7226B676DFAA6" author="Postaire, B. & Magalon, H. & Bourmaud, C. A. - F. & Bruggemann, J. H." box="[640,892,1339,1366]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="36 - 49" refId="ref66377" refString="Postaire, B., Magalon, H., Bourmaud, C. A. - F. & Bruggemann, J. H. (2016 a) Molecular species delimitation methods and population genetics data reveal extensive lineage diversity and cryptic species in Aglaopheniidae (Hydrozoa). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 105, 36 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2016.08.013" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Postaire
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547FD4226B6704FAA5" box="[739,789,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2016a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to be widespread in aglaopheniids. They attributed it largely to reduced gene flow due to a low capacity for dispersal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547EF5220F60B3FA89" author="Postaire, B. & Gelin, P. & Bruggemann, J. H. & Pratlong, M. & Magalon, H." box="[962,1186,1375,1401]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="8170 - 8186" refId="ref66304" refString="Postaire, B., Gelin, P., Bruggemann, J. H., Pratlong, M. & Magalon, H. (2017) Population differentiation or species formation across the Indian and the Pacific oceans? An example from the brooding marine hydrozoan Macrorhynchia phoenicea. Ecology and Evolution, 7, 8170 - 8186. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.3236" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Postaire
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547912220F6046FA89" box="[1061,1111,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E05479E3220F617CFA89" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1236,1389,1375,1401]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoenicea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E05479E3220F617CFA89" box="[1236,1389,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">M. phoenicea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for example, reproduction was reported to occur asexually by stolonization and sexually by brooded, short-lived larvae, thereby limiting propagule transport to short distances. Nevertheless, occasional dispersal of these hydroids by rafting and shipping is likely to occur.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D11E0547DF022BF60ADF8F5" blockId="53.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Hydroids of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547C6322BF6672F9F9" box="[340,611,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547C6322BF65FAF9F9" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[340,491,1519,1545]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Aglaophenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="phoenicea">M. phoenicea</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27857C80D11E0547CC522BF6672F9F9" box="[498,611,1519,1545]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are pinnate, often conspicuous, and of varied size, occasionally becoming quite large.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547C2B214365D3F9DD" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[284,450,1554,1581]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref63991" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that magnificent flabelliform colonies up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D11E0547EC92143604AF9DD" box="[1022,1115,1555,1581]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height had been reported, likely based on the account of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547CCC216766B1F9A1" author="Billard, A." box="[507,672,1591,1617]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref50639" refString="Billard, A. (1913) Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie, Monographie, 7 a, 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Meanwhile,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547E0C2167606FF9A1" author="Kirkendale, L. & Calder, D. R." box="[827,1150,1591,1617]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="159 - 188" refId="ref60834" refString="Kirkendale, L. & Calder, D. R. (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands (CNMI). Micronesica, 35 - 36, 159 - 188." type="journal article" year="2003">Kirkendale & Calder (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported hydroids of the species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D11E0547C19210B6563F985" box="[302,370,1627,1653]" name="Guam" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
||
that reached about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D11E0547F66210B6686F985" box="[593,663,1627,1653]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
||
high. The synonymy lists of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547ED4210B6103F985" author="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E." box="[995,1298,1627,1653]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref70700" refString="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E. (2003) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1910. tb 01918. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort & Watson (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547829210B6532F969" author="Di Camillo, C. G. & Puce, S. & Bavestrello, G." pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="208 - 228" refId="ref55699" refString="Di Camillo, C. G., Puce, S. & Bavestrello, G. (2009) Macrorhynchia species (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Bunaken Marine Park (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) with a description of two new species. Italian Journal of Zoology, 76, 208 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250000802182018" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Di Camillo
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547DA0212F64D9F969" box="[151,200,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547C6A212F66E3F969" author="Chakraborty, O. & Raghunathan, C." box="[349,754,1663,1689]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="291 - 317" refId="ref53620" refString="Chakraborty, O. & Raghunathan, C. (2020) Notes on seven aglaopheniids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Aglaopheniidae) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands with three new records to India. Zootaxa, 4790 (2), 291 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4790.2.6" type="journal article" year="2020">Chakraborty & Raghunathan (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicate how frequently hydroids of the morphospecies have been reported across the tropical Indo-Pacific. In Hawaii,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547E1F21F367C1F94D" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[808,976,1698,1725]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="931 - 959" refId="ref65056" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1905) Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1903, pp. 931 - 959." type="journal article" year="1905">Nutting (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described it as one of the most common hydroids in R/V
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547C67219765ABF911" box="[336,442,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Albatross</emphasis>
|
||
collections from the islands. Specimens from waters off Kauai (USNM 22214) and Maui (USNM 22194) in that collection were re-examined and discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547E9021BB60A9F8F5" author="Di Camillo, C. G. & Puce, S. & Bavestrello, G." box="[935,1208,1771,1797]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="208 - 228" refId="ref55699" refString="Di Camillo, C. G., Puce, S. & Bavestrello, G. (2009) Macrorhynchia species (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Bunaken Marine Park (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) with a description of two new species. Italian Journal of Zoology, 76, 208 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250000802182018" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Di Camillo
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E054791C21BB604DF8F5" box="[1067,1116,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D11E0547DF0205F64F1F8BD" blockId="53.[151,1437,151,2014]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
As with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547C11205F66B4F8D9" authority="Kirchanpauer, 1872" authorityName="Kirchanpauer" authorityYear="1872" box="[294,677,1807,1833]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Macrorhynchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="philippina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547C11205F65AFF8D9" box="[294,446,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">M. philippina</emphasis>
|
||
Kirchanpauer, 1872
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this species has been reported as venomous to humans (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547829205F64C5F8BD" author="Santhanam, R." pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="29 - 73" refId="ref67911" refString="Santhanam, R. (2020) Biology and ecology of the venomous marine hydrozoans (class Hydrozoa). In: Biology and ecology of venomous marine cnidarians. Springer Nature, Singapore, pp. 29 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 981 - 15 - 1603 - 0 _ 3" type="book chapter" year="2020">Santhanam 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D11E0577DF0200764F1FF25" blockId="53.[151,1437,151,2014]" lastBlockId="54.[151,1436,150,321]" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547DF0200765CDF880" bold="true" box="[199,476,1878,1905]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Reported Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Hawaiian archipelago. Oahu: S coast,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D11E0547E9F200767E2F881" box="[936,1011,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.29" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="229.0">229 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547932200760B2F881" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[1029,1187,1878,1905]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="931 - 959" refId="ref65056" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1905) Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1903, pp. 931 - 959." type="journal article" year="1905">Nutting 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E05479E3200764CEF864" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoeniceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E05479E3200764CEF864" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lytocarpus phoeniceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); off Diamond Head,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D11E0547CD1202A6620F865" box="[486,561,1914,1941]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1899999999999995" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="519.0">519 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547F74202B66F1F865" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[579,736,1914,1941]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="931 - 959" refId="ref65056" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1905) Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1903, pp. 931 - 959." type="journal article" year="1905">Nutting 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547E26202B6006F865" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[785,1047,1915,1941]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoeniceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547E26202B6006F865" box="[785,1047,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lytocarpus phoeniceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).—Molokai: S coast,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D11E054782C202B618DF865" box="[1307,1436,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" metricValueMax="1.34" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="122.0" valueMax="134.0" valueMin="110.0">110–134 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547DA820CF6529F849" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[159,312,1950,1977]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="931 - 959" refId="ref65056" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1905) Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1903, pp. 931 - 959." type="journal article" year="1905">Nutting 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547C5520CF65EFF849" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[354,510,1951,1977]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoeniceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547C5520CF65EFF849" box="[354,510,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L. phoeniceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).—Laysan Island: to the N,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D11E0547E0920CF6794F849" box="[830,901,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.98" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="298.0">298 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547EA320CF603CF849" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[916,1069,1950,1977]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="931 - 959" refId="ref65056" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1905) Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1903, pp. 931 - 959." type="journal article" year="1905">Nutting 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E054796020CF60E2F849" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1111,1267,1951,1977]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoeniceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E054796020CF60E2F849" box="[1111,1267,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L. phoeniceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).—Bird Island (=Nihoa): to the S,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D11E0547C4A209265E0F82D" box="[381,497,1986,2013]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.835" metricValueMax="7.08" metricValueMin="0.59" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="383.5" valueMax="708.0" valueMin="59.0">59–708 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E0547F352093668FF82D" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[514,670,1986,2013]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="931 - 959" refId="ref65056" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1905) Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1903, pp. 931 - 959." type="journal article" year="1905">Nutting 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E0547FF92093677DF82D" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[718,876,1987,2013]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoeniceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E0547FF92093677DF82D" box="[718,876,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L. phoeniceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).—Kauai: to the N,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D11E0547969209360B8F82D" box="[1118,1193,1987,2013]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="101.0">101 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D11E054798D20936147F82D" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[1210,1366,1986,2013]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="931 - 959" refId="ref65056" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1905) Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1903, pp. 931 - 959." type="journal article" year="1905">Nutting 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D11E05778B120936504FF41" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoeniceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D11E05778B120936504FF41" italics="true" lastPageId="54" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">L. phoeniceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D12E0577C1427C76631FF42" author="Di Camillo, C. G. & Puce, S. & Bavestrello, G." box="[291,544,151,178]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="208 - 228" refId="ref55699" refString="Di Camillo, C. G., Puce, S. & Bavestrello, G. (2009) Macrorhynchia species (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Bunaken Marine Park (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) with a description of two new species. Italian Journal of Zoology, 76, 208 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250000802182018" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Di Camillo
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D12E0577C9027C765C6FF41" box="[423,471,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—Maui: to the N,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D12E0577FCE27C66778FF41" box="[761,873,150,177]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.85" metricValueMax="10.2" metricValueMin="9.5" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="98.5" valueMax="102.0" valueMin="95.0">95–102 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D12E0577E4027C76001FF41" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[887,1040,150,177]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="931 - 959" refId="ref65056" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1905) Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1903, pp. 931 - 959." type="journal article" year="1905">Nutting 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D12E057790F27C760C2FF41" baseAuthorityName="Busk" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1080,1235,151,177]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Aglaopheniidae" genus="Lytocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="phoeniceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D12E057790F27C760C2FF41" box="[1080,1235,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">L. phoeniceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D12E05779D527C764C5FF25" author="Di Camillo, C. G. & Puce, S. & Bavestrello, G." pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="208 - 228" refId="ref55699" refString="Di Camillo, C. G., Puce, S. & Bavestrello, G. (2009) Macrorhynchia species (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Bunaken Marine Park (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) with a description of two new species. Italian Journal of Zoology, 76, 208 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250000802182018" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Di Camillo
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D12E057785227C76184FF41" box="[1381,1429,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D12E0577DF0278F67B8FEB1" blockId="54.[151,1436,150,321]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Elsewhere. Tropical Indo-Pacific, from coral reef depths to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D12E0577E58278F67A9FF09" box="[879,952,223,249]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.08" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="m" value="708.0">708 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D12E0577EFF278F6072FF09" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[968,1123,222,249]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="931 - 959" refId="ref65056" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1905) Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1903, pp. 931 - 959." type="journal article" year="1905">Nutting 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D12E0577958278F6181FF09" author="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E." box="[1135,1424,223,249]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 538" refId="ref70700" refString="Vervoort, W. & Watson, J. E. (2003) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (thecate hydroids). National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Biodiversity Memoir, 119, 1 - 538. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1910. tb 01918. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Vervoort & Watson 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with a reported range from Natal,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D12E0577F2F265366B6FEED" box="[536,679,259,285]" name="South Africa" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D12E0577F812653675DFEED" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[694,844,258,285]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref63991" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in the southwestern Indian Ocean to the central Pacific (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D12E0577DE026776560FEB1" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[215,369,294,321]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="931 - 959" refId="ref65056" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1905) Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1903, pp. 931 - 959." type="journal article" year="1905">Nutting 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D12E0577C4A26776680FEB1" author="Ryland, J. S. & Gibbons, M. J." box="[381,657,295,321]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="525 - 560" refId="ref67798" refString="Ryland, J. S. & Gibbons, M. J. (1991) Intertidal and shallow water hydroids from Fiji. II. Plumulariidae and Aglaopheniidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 30, 525 - 560." type="journal article" year="1991">Ryland & Gibbons 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D12E0577FAA2677678CFEB1" author="Di Camillo, C. G. & Puce, S. & Bavestrello, G." box="[669,925,295,321]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" pagination="208 - 228" refId="ref55699" refString="Di Camillo, C. G., Puce, S. & Bavestrello, G. (2009) Macrorhynchia species (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the Bunaken Marine Park (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) with a description of two new species. Italian Journal of Zoology, 76, 208 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 11250000802182018" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Di Camillo
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D12E0577E1626776743FEB1" box="[801,850,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |