461 lines
60 KiB
XML
461 lines
60 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="4D06ABEFE4CB635E9F04FFC5D89DBA7D">Shallow water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the 2002 NOWRAMP cruise to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands</mods:title>
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<treatment id="039687B70D0DE04B7DA0202565EDF825" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10685591" ID-GBIF-Taxon="221661884" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10685591" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687B70D0DE04B7DA0202565EDF825" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687B70D0DE04B7DA0202565EDF825" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" scope_class="Hydrozoa" scope_family="Halopterididae" scope_order="Anthoathecata" scope_subClass="Hydroidolina">
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<subSubSection id="C325652A0D0DE0487DA020256681F87F" box="[151,656,1909,1936]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D0DE0487DA020256681F87F" blockId="41.[151,656,1909,1972]" box="[151,656,1909,1936]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<heading id="D0C881CD0D0DE0487DA020256681F87F" bold="true" box="[151,656,1909,1936]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0DE0487DA020256681F87F" ID-CoL="5V9KK" authority="(Gmelin, 1791)" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[151,656,1909,1936]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0DE0487DA020256681F87F" bold="true" box="[151,656,1909,1936]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0DE0487DA02025650CF860" bold="true" box="[151,285,1909,1936]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Antennella</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0DE0487C7D202565C1F860" bold="true" box="[330,464,1909,1936]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">secundaria</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0DE0487CE820256699F87F" author="Gmelin, J. F." box="[479,648,1909,1935]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="3021 - 4120" refId="ref57959" refString="Gmelin, J. F. (1791) Caroli a Linne, systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima tertia, aucta reformata. Tomus 1. Pars 6. G. E. Beer, Lipsiae, pp. 3021 - 4120." type="book chapter" year="1791">Gmelin, 1791</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C325652A0D0DE0487DA020CA6501F844" box="[151,272,1946,1972]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D0DE0487DA020CA6501F844" blockId="41.[151,656,1909,1972]" box="[151,272,1946,1972]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<figureCitation id="13042A240D0DE0487DA020CA6501F844" box="[151,272,1946,1972]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1640,1664]" captionTargetBox="[229,1354,191,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-19@43.[217,1371,181,1617]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 13. Kirchenpaueriidae and Halopterididae. a, Pycnotheca producta (Bale, 1881), part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, Laysan Island, ROMIZ B5481. Scale equals 0.1 mm. b, Antennella secundaria (Gmelin, 1791), part of hydrocaulus with two hydrothecae, Midway Atoll, ROMIZ B5454. Scale equals 0.1 mm. c, Antennella secundaria (Gmelin, 1791), part of a colony to show branching, Midway Atoll, ROMIZ B5455. Scale equals 0.5 mm. d, Antennella secundaria (Gmelin, 1791), part of hydrocaulus, and base of a hydrocladium with a hydrotheca, Midway Atoll, ROMIZ B5455. Scale equals 0.1 mm. e, Halopteris alternata (Nutting, 1900), part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, Laysan Island, ROMIZ B5458. Scale equals 0.1 mm. f, Halopteris alternata (Nutting, 1900), part of hydrocaulus, with a cauline hydrotheca and proximal end of a hydrocladium, Laysan Island, ROMIZ B5458. Scale equals 0.1 mm g, Halopteris longibrachia, nom. nov., part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, Gardner Pinnacles, ROMIZ B5459. Scale equals 0.1 mm. h, Halopteris longibrachia, nom. nov., female gonotheca, Pearl & Hermes Atoll, ROMIZ B5461. Scale equals 0.1 mm. i, Halopteris longibrachia, nom. nov., part of hydrocaulus with a male gonotheca, Gardner Pinnacles, ROMIZ B5459. Scale equals 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5802956" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5802956/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 13b–d</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C325652A0D0DE04B7DA0208E60CCFF3D" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D0DE04B7DA0208E60D6FF5F" blockId="41.[151,590,2014,2038]" lastBlockId="42.[151,1245,151,205]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2F118F0D0DE04B7DA0208E60D6FF5F" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D0DE0487DA0208E665BF806" author="Gmelin, J. F." box="[151,586,2014,2038]" page="3854" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" year="1791">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0DE0487DA0208E665BF806" authority="Gmelin, 1791: 3854" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityPageNumber="3854" authorityYear="1791" box="[151,586,2014,2038]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0DE0487DA0208E6564F806" box="[151,373,2014,2038]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Sertularia secundaria</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0DE0487C4C208E665BF806" author="Gmelin, J. F." box="[379,586,2014,2038]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="3021 - 4120" refId="ref57959" refString="Gmelin, J. F. (1791) Caroli a Linne, systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima tertia, aucta reformata. Tomus 1. Pars 6. G. E. Beer, Lipsiae, pp. 3021 - 4120." type="book chapter" year="1791">Gmelin, 1791: 3854</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B7DA027C7656DFF5F" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[151,380,151,175]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7DA027C7656DFF5F" box="[151,380,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Antennella secundaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D0EE04B7CAD27C7669EFF5F" author="Coles, S. L. & DeFelice, R. C. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[410,655,151,175]" page="318" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="2002">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7CAD27C7669EFF5F" author="Coles, S. L. & DeFelice, R. C. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[410,655,151,175]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 353" refId="ref54212" refString="Coles, S. L., DeFelice, R. C. & Eldredge, L. G. (2002 a) Nonindigenous marine species in Kane'ohe Bay, Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 24, 1 - 353." type="journal article" year="2002">
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Coles
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7CEB27C76619FF5F" box="[476,520,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
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., 2002a: 318
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D0EE04B7FAD27C7671EFF5F" author="Coles, S. L. & DeFelice, R. C. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[666,783,151,175]" page="177" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="2002">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7FAD27C7671EFF5F" author="Coles, S. L. & DeFelice, R. C. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[666,783,151,175]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 245" refId="ref54256" refString="Coles, S. L., DeFelice, R. C. & Eldredge, L. G. (2002 b) Nonindigenous marine species at Waikiki and Hawai'i Kai, O'ahu, Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 25, 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="2002">2002b: 177</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D0EE04B7E2D27C76763FF5F" author="Coles, S. L. & Reath, P. R. & Longenecker, K. & Bolick, H. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[794,882,151,175]" page="73" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7E2D27C76763FF5F" author="Coles, S. L. & Reath, P. R. & Longenecker, K. & Bolick, H. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[794,882,151,175]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref54372" refString="Coles, S. L., Reath, P. R., Longenecker, K., Bolick, H. & Eldredge, L. G. (2004) Assessment of nonindigenous marine species in harbors and on nearby coral reefs on Kaua'i, Moloka'i, Maui, and Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 29, 1 - 187." type="journal article" year="2004">2004: 73</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D0EE04B7EA727C760D2FF5F" author="Carlton, J. T. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[912,1219,151,175]" page="36" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7EA727C760D2FF5F" author="Carlton, J. T. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[912,1219,151,175]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 202" refId="ref53380" refString="Carlton, J. T. & Eldredge, L. G. (2009) Marine bioinvasions of Hawai'i. The introduced and cryptogenic marine and estuarine animals and plants of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Cultural and Environmental Studies, 4, 1 - 202." type="journal article" year="2009">Carlton & Eldredge, 2009: 36</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D0EE04B7DA027E560CCFF3D" blockId="42.[151,1245,151,205]" box="[151,1245,181,205]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2F118F0D0EE04B7DA027E560CCFF3D" box="[151,1245,181,205]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B7DA027E565B3FF3D" ID-CoL="449DQ" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[151,418,181,205]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Monostaechas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7DA027E565B3FF3D" box="[151,418,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Monostaechas quadridens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B00D0EE04B7CF727E56668FF3D" author="Calder, D. R." box="[448,633,181,205]" page="230" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="2020">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7CF727E56668FF3D" author="Calder, D. R." box="[448,633,181,205]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="201 - 246" refId="ref52863" refString="Calder, D. R. (2020) Some leptothecate hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Hawaii, mostly from inshore and nearshore waters. Zootaxa, 4830 (2), 201 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4830.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Calder, 2020: 230</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 8h, i [not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B7E3827E560C2FF3D" ID-CoL="449DQ" authority="(McCrady, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[783,1235,181,205]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Monostaechas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7E3827E56008FF3D" box="[783,1049,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Monostaechas quadridens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B791027E560DAFF3D" author="McCrady, J." box="[1063,1227,181,205]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="103 - 221" refId="ref62819" refString="McCrady, J. (1859) Gymnopthalmata of Charleston Harbor. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History, 1, 103 - 221." type="journal article" year="1859">McCrady, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C325652A0D0EE04B7DA027AC67CAFE3A" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="8B8036A10D0EE04B7DA027AC607FFEE6" blockId="42.[151,1437,251,2006]" box="[151,1134,251,278]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7DA027AC6527FEE5" bold="true" box="[151,310,251,278]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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||
<typeStatus id="548488030D0EE04B7DA027AC64C3FEE6" box="[151,210,252,278]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
“Habitat in mari mediterraneo” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7F9F27AB672EFEE6" author="Gmelin, J. F." box="[680,831,251,278]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="3021 - 4120" refId="ref57959" refString="Gmelin, J. F. (1791) Caroli a Linne, systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima tertia, aucta reformata. Tomus 1. Pars 6. G. E. Beer, Lipsiae, pp. 3021 - 4120." type="book chapter" year="1791">Gmelin 1791</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B7E5E27AB604FFEE5" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1791" box="[873,1118,251,277]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7E5E27AB604FFEE5" box="[873,1118,251,277]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Sertularia secundaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D0EE04B7DF0267067CAFE3A" blockId="42.[151,1437,251,2006]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7DF0267065B0FEC9" bold="true" box="[199,417,287,314]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Voucher material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B573CFC0D0EE04B7C9D264F6643FEAE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4523879391" collectingDate="2002-09-23" collectionCode="ROMIZ" collectorName="A. Faucci" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" location="Midway Atoll" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCode="B5454" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D0EE04B7C9D264F665AFEC9" box="[426,587,287,313]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Midway Atoll</collectingCountry>
|
||
, on algae,
|
||
<date id="FF8110610D0EE04B7FFC264F6757FEC9" box="[715,838,287,313]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2002-09-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC5E9890D0EE04B7FFC264F6757FEC9" box="[715,838,287,313]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2002-09-23">23.ix.2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, one unbranched colony,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D0EE04B795A267060A1FECA" box="[1133,1200,288,314]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, without gonothecae, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CA53770D0EE04B7C1026146589FEAD" box="[295,408,323,350]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A. Faucci</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE640D0EE04B7C92261465EEFEAE" box="[421,511,324,350]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB999EDA0D0EE04B7F3F26136643FEAE" box="[520,594,323,350]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">B5454</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B573CFC0D0EE04B7F442613666DFE72" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4523879310" collectingDate="2002-09-23" collectionCode="ROMIZ" collectorName="A. Faucci" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" location="Midway Atoll" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCode="B5455" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D0EE04B7F4426136707FEAD" box="[627,790,323,350]" name="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Midway Atoll</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8110610D0EE04B7E142613678FFEAD" box="[803,926,323,349]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2002-09-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC5E9890D0EE04B7E142613678FFEAD" box="[803,926,323,349]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2002-09-23">23.ix.2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, one branched colony,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D0EE04B7992261360ECFEAE" box="[1189,1277,323,350]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, without gonothecae, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CA53770D0EE04B7C6E263865D9FE71" box="[345,456,359,386]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A. Faucci</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE640D0EE04B7CE62638663AFE72" box="[465,555,360,386]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB999EDA0D0EE04B7F062637666DFE72" box="[561,636,359,386]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">B5455</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B573CFC0D0EE04B7FAA263766FFFE56" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4523879369" collectingDate="2002-09-25" collectionCode="ROMIZ" collectorName="A. Faucci" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" location="Kure Atoll" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCode="B5456" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EE0607A0D0EE04B7FAA26376706FE71" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687B70D0DE04B7DA0202565EDF825:8EE0607A0D0EE04B7FAA26376706FE71" box="[669,791,359,386]" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" name="Kure Atoll" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Kure Atoll</location>
|
||
, on algae,
|
||
<date id="FF8110610D0EE04B7EBB26376014FE72" box="[908,1029,359,386]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2002-09-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC5E9890D0EE04B7EBB26376014FE72" box="[908,1029,359,386]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2002-09-25">25.ix.2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, one unbranched colony,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D0EE04B78292638614FFE72" box="[1310,1374,360,386]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, without gonothecae, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CA53770D0EE04B7C8826DC6623FE55" box="[447,562,395,422]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A. Faucci</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE640D0EE04B7F0826DC6688FE56" box="[575,665,396,422]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB999EDA0D0EE04B7F9526DB66FFFE56" box="[674,750,395,422]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">B5456</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B573CFC0D0EE04B7E3826DB67C6FE3A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4523879335" collectingDate="2002-10-06" collectionCode="ROMIZ" collectorName="A. Faucci" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" location="Nihoa" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCode="B5457" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EE0607A0D0EE04B7E3826DB6746FE56" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687B70D0DE04B7DA0202565EDF825:8EE0607A0D0EE04B7E3826DB6746FE56" box="[783,855,395,422]" country="United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges" name="Nihoa" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Nihoa</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8110610D0EE04B7E5226DB67C6FE55" box="[869,983,395,421]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2002-10-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC5E9890D0EE04B7E5226DB67C6FE55" box="[869,983,395,421]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" value="2002-10-06">06.x.2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, two branched colonies or colony fragments, to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D0EE04B7C3226FF6557FE3A" box="[261,326,431,458]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, without gonothecae, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CA53770D0EE04B7F9A26E0670CFE39" box="[685,797,431,458]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A. Faucci</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE640D0EE04B7E1F26E06793FE3A" box="[808,898,432,458]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB999EDA0D0EE04B7EBE26FF67C6FE3A" box="[905,983,431,458]" collectionCode="ROMIZ" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">B5457</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C325652A0D0EE04B7DF0268467CEF929" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D0EE04B7DF02684662FFCFD" blockId="42.[151,1437,251,2006]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7DF02684652AFE1E" bold="true" box="[199,315,468,494]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Originally described from the Mediterranean Sea,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B7EB726836124FE1E" authority="(Gmelin, 1791)" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[896,1333,467,494]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7EB72683606FFE1D" box="[896,1150,467,493]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Antennella secundaria</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B79B82683613CFE1E" author="Gmelin, J. F." box="[1167,1325,467,494]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="3021 - 4120" refId="ref57959" refString="Gmelin, J. F. (1791) Caroli a Linne, systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima tertia, aucta reformata. Tomus 1. Pars 6. G. E. Beer, Lipsiae, pp. 3021 - 4120." type="book chapter" year="1791">Gmelin, 1791</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has now been reported numerous times from tropical to temperate waters worldwide (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7EC026A760A6FDE2" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[1015,1207,503,530]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 386" refId="ref54973" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995 b) North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part 2. Sertulariidae to Campanulariidae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, 50, 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="1995">Cornelius 1995b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This is reflected in the extensive distribution records and lengthy synonymy list of the species provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7958254C6191FDC6" author="Ansin Agis, J. & Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W." box="[1135,1408,539,566]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 268" refId="ref49593" refString="Ansin Agis, J., Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W. (2001) Atlantic Leptolida (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the families Aglaopheniidae, Halopterididae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, the Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 333, 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Ansín Agís
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B79C4254C613DFDC5" box="[1267,1324,539,565]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It nevertheless appears certain now that cryptic species exist in hydroids assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B7907251060DAFDA9" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[1072,1227,575,602]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7907251060DAFDA9" box="[1072,1227,575,602]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A. secundaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with multiple lineages having been distinguished through barcoding sequences (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7E622534600EFD8E" author="Moura, C. J. & Lessios, H. & Cortes, J. & Nizinski, M. S. & Reed, J. & Santos, R. S. & Collins, A. G." box="[853,1055,611,638]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref64531" refString="Moura, C. J., Lessios, H., Cortes, J., Nizinski, M. S., Reed, J., Santos, R. S. & Collins, A. G. (2018) Hundreds of genetic barcodes of the species-rich hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) provide a guide toward more reliable taxonomy [including supplementary text]. Scientific Reports, 8, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 35528 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Moura
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7E9F253467C9FD8D" box="[936,984,611,637]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B791E25346077FD8E" author="Moura, C. J. & Collins, A. G. & Santos, R. S. & Lessios, H." box="[1065,1126,612,638]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="13001 - 13016" refId="ref64228" refString="Moura, C. J., Collins, A. G., Santos, R. S. & Lessios, H. (2019) Predominant east to west colonizations across major oceanic barriers: insights into the phylogeographic history of the hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea, suggested by a mitochondrial DNA barcoding marker. Ecology & Evolution, 9 (23), 13001 - 13016. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.5608" type="journal article" year="2019">2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Indeed,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B79E62533618DFD8E" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[1233,1436,611,638]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 386" refId="ref54973" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995 b) North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part 2. Sertulariidae to Campanulariidae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, 50, 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="1995">Cornelius (1995b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had suspected, based on observed morphological differences, that more than one species was represented under the name. Given their wide separation geographically, hydroids from the Hawaiian Islands may well be distinct from those of the Mediterranean. However, with the current taxonomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B7EAA25806028FD19" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[925,1081,719,746]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7EAA25806028FD19" box="[925,1081,719,746]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A. secundaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being unsettled, traditional nomenclature has been maintained here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D0EE04B7DF0244764E0FBF9" blockId="42.[151,1437,251,2006]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Of multiple cryptic species identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7FAC2448676AFCC2" author="Moura, C. J. & Lessios, H. & Cortes, J. & Nizinski, M. S. & Reed, J. & Santos, R. S. & Collins, A. G." box="[667,891,791,818]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref64531" refString="Moura, C. J., Lessios, H., Cortes, J., Nizinski, M. S., Reed, J., Santos, R. S. & Collins, A. G. (2018) Hundreds of genetic barcodes of the species-rich hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) provide a guide toward more reliable taxonomy [including supplementary text]. Scientific Reports, 8, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 35528 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Moura
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7FD924486730FCC1" box="[750,801,791,817]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B7EC92448608AFCC1" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[1022,1179,791,818]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7EC92448608AFCC1" box="[1022,1179,791,818]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A. secundaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex, one lineage, conjointly with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B7C7C246C6761FCA6" authority="Ansin Agis, Ramil & Vervoort, 2001" authorityName="Ansin Agis, Ramil & Vervoort" authorityYear="2001" box="[331,880,827,854]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="confusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7C7C246C65D2FCA6" box="[331,451,828,854]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A. confusa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7CFC246C6761FCA6" author="Ansin Agis, J. & Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W." box="[459,880,827,854]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 268" refId="ref49593" refString="Ansin Agis, J., Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W. (2001) Atlantic Leptolida (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the families Aglaopheniidae, Halopterididae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, the Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 333, 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">Ansín Agís, Ramil & Vervoort, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, clustered with the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B79AE246B64C3FC8A" authority="Allman, 1877" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Monostaechas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B79AE246B612AFCA5" box="[1177,1339,827,853]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Monostaechas</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7876246B64C3FC8A" author="Allman, G. J." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref49272" refString="Allman, G. J. (1877) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 5 (2), 1 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15852" type="journal article" year="1877">Allman, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B7CFC240F66F4FC8A" authority="Allman, 1877" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[459,741,863,890]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7CFC240F6655FC89" box="[459,580,863,889]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Antennella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7F7D240F66F4FC8A" author="Allman, G. J." box="[586,741,863,890]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref49272" refString="Allman, G. J. (1877) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 5 (2), 1 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15852" type="journal article" year="1877">Allman, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B7E2B240F67AFFC89" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[796,958,863,889]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Monostaechas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7E2B240F67AFFC89" box="[796,958,863,889]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Monostaechas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
therefore need to be explored, and if valid the two genera may need to be redefined. If congeneric, precedence would have to be established according to the First Reviser Principle in nomenclature (ICZN 1999, Art. 24.2) inasmuch as they were described in the same work by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7D8E249B6573FC16" author="Allman, G. J." box="[185,354,971,998]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref49272" refString="Allman, G. J. (1877) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 5 (2), 1 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15852" type="journal article" year="1877">Allman (1877)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. As for the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B7F09249C66C8FC15" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[574,729,971,998]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7F09249C66C8FC15" box="[574,729,971,998]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A. secundaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B7E26249B6028FC15" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[785,1081,971,997]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Monostaechas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7E26249B6028FC15" box="[785,1081,971,997]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Monostaechas quadridens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, little doubt exists that they are distinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D0EE04B7DF0234366B4FB11" blockId="42.[151,1437,251,2006]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
While hydroids of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B7C9423446650FBDD" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[419,577,1043,1070]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7C9423446650FBDD" box="[419,577,1043,1070]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A. secundaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are usually unbranched and arise directly from the hydrorhiza, occasional colonies of the species are branched in the form of a helicoid sympodium. Accounts of the branched form have been given in various works including those of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7F92230B6757FB86" author="Billard, A." box="[677,838,1115,1142]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref50639" refString="Billard, A. (1913) Les hydroides de l'Expedition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga-Expeditie, Monographie, 7 a, 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1913">Billard (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7E66230C60C2FB86" author="Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen, G. C. H." box="[849,1235,1115,1142]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref69945" refString="Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen, G. C. H. (1965) Hydroids of the Caribbean: Sertulariidae, Plumulariidae and Aglaopheniidae. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands: No. 84. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao, 22, 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="1965">Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B79E9230B6501FB6A" author="Millard, N. A. H. & Bouillon, J." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref64023" refString="Millard, N. A. H. & Bouillon, J. (1973) Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, serie In- 8 °, Sciences Zoologiques, 206, 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1973">Millard & Bouillon (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7C29232F65D6FB6A" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[286,455,1151,1178]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref63991" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7CE323D06719FB6A" author="Vervoort, W. & Vasseur, P." box="[468,776,1152,1178]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref70668" refString="Vervoort, W. & Vasseur, P. (1977) Hydroids from French Polynesia with notes on distribution and ecology. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 159, 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1977">Vervoort & Vasseur (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7E21232F6050FB6A" author="Ryland, J. S. & Gibbons, M. J." box="[790,1089,1151,1178]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="525 - 560" refId="ref67798" refString="Ryland, J. S. & Gibbons, M. J. (1991) Intertidal and shallow water hydroids from Fiji. II. Plumulariidae and Aglaopheniidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 30, 525 - 560." type="journal article" year="1991">Ryland & Gibbons (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7979232F60FFFB6A" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1102,1262,1151,1178]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref52566" refString="Calder, D. R. (1997) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: superfamily Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 161, 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1997">Calder (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B781B232F64F4FB4E" author="Schuchert, P." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="137 - 256" refId="ref68189" refString="Schuchert, P. (2003) Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Danish Expedition to the Kei Islands. Steenstrupia, 27, 137 - 256." type="journal article" year="2003">Schuchert (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Both unbranched (ROMIZ B5454; ROMIZ B5456) and branched (ROMIZ B5455; ROMIZ B5457) colonies were represented in the present collection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D0EE04B7DF023BC64F1F99E" blockId="42.[151,1437,251,2006]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
In a previous paper on hydroids from the main islands of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FBF8430D0EE04B7E6923BB67BEFAF5" box="[862,943,1259,1285]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7E8823BB6041FAF6" author="Calder, D. R." box="[959,1104,1259,1286]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="201 - 246" refId="ref52863" refString="Calder, D. R. (2020) Some leptothecate hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Hawaii, mostly from inshore and nearshore waters. Zootaxa, 4830 (2), 201 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4830.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Calder 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), branched colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B786C23BC64EDFAD9" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B786C23BC64EDFAD9" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A. secundaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B7CCA224066B0FAD9" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[509,673,1295,1321]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Monostaechas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7CCA224066B0FAD9" box="[509,673,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. quadridens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Indeed, several records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B7EEC2240606EFAD9" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[987,1151,1295,1321]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Monostaechas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7EEC2240606EFAD9" box="[987,1151,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. quadridens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Pacific and Indian oceans may likewise have been based on such misidentifications.Accounts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B7ECB2264608FFABD" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[1020,1182,1331,1357]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Monostaechas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7ECB2264608FFABD" box="[1020,1182,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">M. quadridens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the vicinity of its
|
||
<typeStatus id="548488030D0EE04B7DA0220864D6FA82" box="[151,199,1368,1394]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality near Charleston,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FBF8430D0EE04B7CD22207669EFA81" box="[485,655,1367,1393]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32876310D0EE04B7FAD220866C4FA82" box="[666,725,1368,1394]" name="United States of America" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, indicate that branching in the species is extensive and differs in typically being truly dichotomous. In it, the basal hydrocaulus usually gives rise to a pair of opposite and upwarddirected branches, with the continuation of the main stem often similarly re-branched (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B796922CF60E6FA4A" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[1118,1271,1439,1466]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref64982" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Special Bulletin, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B783422CF6181FA4A" author="Calder, D. R." box="[1283,1424,1439,1466]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="7 - 28" refId="ref52273" refString="Calder, D. R. (1983) Hydroida from estuaries of South Carolina, USA: families Sertulariidae and Plumulariidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 96, 7 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1351954" type="journal article" year="1983">Calder 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Branches are then re-branched in the form of a helicoid sympodium. Colonies of the species attain a height of as much as
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D0EE04B7DCD22B7652EF9F2" box="[250,319,1511,1538]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7C7922B765F6F9F2" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[334,487,1511,1538]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref64982" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Special Bulletin, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1900">Nutting 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7CC422B86668F9F2" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[499,633,1512,1538]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref56678" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp." type="book" year="1944">Fraser 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and are light mahogany in colour. By contrast, the number of branches in colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B7C0E215C65C5F9D5" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[313,468,1547,1574]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7C0E215C65C5F9D5" box="[313,468,1547,1574]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A. secundaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, if there are any at all, are almost always limited to four or fewer (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B79F0215B64C3F9BA" author="Ryland, J. S. & Gibbons, M. J." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="525 - 560" refId="ref67798" refString="Ryland, J. S. & Gibbons, M. J. (1991) Intertidal and shallow water hydroids from Fiji. II. Plumulariidae and Aglaopheniidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 30, 525 - 560." type="journal article" year="1991">Ryland & Gibbons 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), colonies seldom reach
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D0EE04B7CDC217F6632F9BA" box="[491,547,1583,1610]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, and the colour is greenish-yellow to red (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7908217F60EEF9BA" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[1087,1279,1583,1610]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 386" refId="ref54973" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995 b) North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part 2. Sertulariidae to Campanulariidae. Synopses of the British Fauna, New Series, 50, 1 - 386." type="journal article" year="1995">Cornelius 1995b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B783B217F64C5F99E" author="Gravili, C. & De Vito, D. & Di Camillo, C. G. & Martell, L. & Piraino, S. & Boero, F." pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref58738" refString="Gravili, C., De Vito, D., Di Camillo, C. G., Martell, L., Piraino, S. & Boero, F. (2015) The non-siphonophoran Hydrozoa (Cnidaria) of Salento, Italy with notes on their life-cycles: an illustrated guide. Zootaxa, 3908 (1), 1 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3908.1.1" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Gravili
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B785421606184F9B9" box="[1379,1429,1583,1609]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D0EE04B7DF0212767CEF929" blockId="42.[151,1437,251,2006]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Nomenclaturally, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548488030D0EE04B7C8F212865F9F962" box="[440,488,1656,1682]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B7F5221276790F962" authority="Allman, 1877" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[613,897,1655,1682]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7F52212766CFF961" box="[613,734,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Antennella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7FD321276790F962" author="Allman, G. J." box="[740,897,1655,1682]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref49272" refString="Allman, G. J. (1877) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 5 (2), 1 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15852" type="journal article" year="1877">Allman, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by monotypy, is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B79712128614CF962" authority="Allman, 1877" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[1094,1373,1655,1682]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Sertularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7971212860AAF961" box="[1094,1211,1655,1682]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B79F72127614CF962" author="Allman, G. J." box="[1216,1373,1655,1682]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref49272" refString="Allman, G. J. (1877) Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L. F. de Pourtales, assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 5 (2), 1 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15852" type="journal article" year="1877">Allman, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It, in turn, has been considered a junior subjective synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B7E1E21CC67D4F945" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1791" box="[809,965,1691,1718]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Antennella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="secundaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7E1E21CC67D4F945" box="[809,965,1691,1718]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">A. secundaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. That putative synonymy may need reassessment in light of the genetic diversity discovered in this morphospecies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C325652A0D0EE04B7DF021B465EDF825" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D0EE04B7DF021B4657EF87E" blockId="42.[151,1437,251,2006]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7DF021B465C9F90D" bold="true" box="[199,472,1763,1790]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Reported Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Hawaiian archipelago. Oahu: Kaneohe Bay, North Channel (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B79B321B36145F90E" author="Coles, S. L. & DeFelice, R. C. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[1156,1364,1763,1790]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 353" refId="ref54212" refString="Coles, S. L., DeFelice, R. C. & Eldredge, L. G. (2002 a) Nonindigenous marine species in Kane'ohe Bay, Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 24, 1 - 353." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Coles
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B79FB21B460ECF90D" box="[1228,1277,1763,1789]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Pristine Reef (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7C3A205765CFF8D2" author="Coles, S. L. & DeFelice, R. C. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[269,478,1799,1826]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 353" refId="ref54212" refString="Coles, S. L., DeFelice, R. C. & Eldredge, L. G. (2002 a) Nonindigenous marine species in Kane'ohe Bay, Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 24, 1 - 353." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Coles
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7C6120586599F8D1" box="[342,392,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7CDC20576669F8D2" author="Calder, D. R." box="[491,632,1799,1826]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="201 - 246" refId="ref52863" refString="Calder, D. R. (2020) Some leptothecate hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Hawaii, mostly from inshore and nearshore waters. Zootaxa, 4830 (2), 201 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4830.2.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Calder 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B7F94205767DBF8D1" baseAuthorityName="McCrady" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[675,970,1799,1825]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Monostaechas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7F94205767DBF8D1" box="[675,970,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Monostaechas quadridens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); Waikiki, Outside Pop’s, scoured reef,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D0EE04B78B9205764BCF8B6" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7D8C207B659BF8B6" author="Coles, S. L. & DeFelice, R. C. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[187,394,1835,1862]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 245" refId="ref54256" refString="Coles, S. L., DeFelice, R. C. & Eldredge, L. G. (2002 b) Nonindigenous marine species at Waikiki and Hawai'i Kai, O'ahu, Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 25, 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Coles
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7C34207C652BF8B5" box="[259,314,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Waikiki,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D220D0EE04B7F35207B66C5F8B5" authority="submarine" authorityName="Submarine" box="[514,724,1835,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Atlantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7F35207B6648F8B5" box="[514,601,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Atlantis</emphasis>
|
||
submarine
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
artificial reef,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D0EE04B7E4F207C67A1F8B6" box="[888,944,1836,1862]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7E89207B609CF8B6" author="Coles, S. L. & DeFelice, R. C. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[958,1165,1835,1862]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 245" refId="ref54256" refString="Coles, S. L., DeFelice, R. C. & Eldredge, L. G. (2002 b) Nonindigenous marine species at Waikiki and Hawai'i Kai, O'ahu, Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 25, 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Coles
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7931207C602CF8B5" box="[1030,1085,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Waikiki, Ala Wai buoy (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7DA8201F6561F89A" author="Coles, S. L. & DeFelice, R. C. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[159,368,1871,1898]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 245" refId="ref54256" refString="Coles, S. L., DeFelice, R. C. & Eldredge, L. G. (2002 b) Nonindigenous marine species at Waikiki and Hawai'i Kai, O'ahu, Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 25, 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Coles
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7DD02000650EF899" box="[231,287,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Waikiki, Kapua Channel,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC79B440D0EE04B7F93201F66DEF89A" box="[676,719,1871,1898]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7FEA201F67BCF89A" author="Coles, S. L. & DeFelice, R. C. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[733,941,1871,1898]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 245" refId="ref54256" refString="Coles, S. L., DeFelice, R. C. & Eldredge, L. G. (2002 b) Nonindigenous marine species at Waikiki and Hawai'i Kai, O'ahu, Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 25, 1 - 245." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Coles
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7E112000674FF899" box="[806,862,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).—Molokai: Kaunakakai Harbor main dock (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7DA820236572F87E" author="Coles, S. L. & Reath, P. R. & Longenecker, K. & Bolick, H. & Eldredge, L. G." box="[159,355,1907,1934]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref54372" refString="Coles, S. L., Reath, P. R., Longenecker, K., Bolick, H. & Eldredge, L. G. (2004) Assessment of nonindigenous marine species in harbors and on nearby coral reefs on Kaua'i, Moloka'i, Maui, and Hawai'i. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 29, 1 - 187." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Coles
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B7DD020246508F87D" box="[231,281,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8036A10D0EE04B7DF020C765EDF825" blockId="42.[151,1437,251,2006]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Elsewhere. Considered cosmopolitan in temperate to tropical waters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B7EFD20C76070F842" author="Millard, N. A. H." box="[970,1121,1943,1970]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 513" refId="ref63991" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B500D0EE04B795D20C86177F842" author="Ansin Agis, J. & Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W." box="[1130,1382,1943,1970]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 268" refId="ref49593" refString="Ansin Agis, J., Ramil, F. & Vervoort, W. (2001) Atlantic Leptolida (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the families Aglaopheniidae, Halopterididae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, the Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 333, 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Ansín Agís
|
||
<emphasis id="B94BEAB30D0EE04B79DA20C86135F841" box="[1261,1316,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but this is likely subject to revision.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |