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<mods:title id="6DFDDD92E6C587F494278DCF0AE2ED4D">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="444A9EAB5098BB472E00F968B714A9E4">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B6D9D05A9DE76A72C920A5768661A0DE">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E799CA624C7FC3D5622BBCF4F6B4F28A">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03966A560F7BC77ABABF8C49B49DFD65" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7736811" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449280" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7736811" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F7BC77ABABF8C49B49DFD65" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F7BC77ABABF8C49B49DFD65" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F7BC77BBABF8C49B774F859" box="[151,538,1914,1941]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F7BC77BBABF8C49B774F859" blockId="16.[151,1437,1914,2013]" box="[151,538,1914,1941]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7BC77BBABF8C49B5D5F859" bold="true" box="[151,187,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">90.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7BC77BBAEC8C48B778F859" ID-CoL="3QGDV" ID-ENA="1526511" authority="Koch, 1844 a" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[196,534,1914,1941]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipes">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7BC77BBAEC8C48B419F858" bold="true" box="[196,375,1914,1941]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ixodes fuscipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F7BC77BBBA98C49B778F859" author="Koch, C. L." box="[385,534,1915,1941]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="217 - 239" refId="ref219297" refString="Koch, C. L. (1844 a) Systematische Ubersicht ¸ ber die Ordnung der Zecken. Archiv f ¸ r Naturgeschichte, 10, 217 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 29560" type="journal article" year="1844">Koch, 1844a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F7BC77BB80B8C49B58EF875" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F7BC77BB80B8C49B58EF875" blockId="16.[151,1437,1914,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Neotropical: 1)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7BC77BB8F18C49B64EF859" box="[729,800,1915,1941]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 2)
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7BC77BB9678C49B6DFF859" box="[847,945,1915,1941]" name="Uruguay" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F7BC77BB9EA8C49B1DBF859" author="Labruna, M. B. &amp; Onofrio, V. C. &amp; Barros-Battesti, D. M. &amp; Gianizella, S. L. &amp; Venzal, J. M. &amp; Guglielmone, A. A." box="[962,1205,1915,1941]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref223845" refString="Labruna, M. B., Onofrio, V. C., Barros-Battesti, D. M., Gianizella, S. L., Venzal, J. M. &amp; Guglielmone, A. A. (2020 b) Synonymy of Ixodes aragaoi with Ixodes fuscipes, and reinstatement of Ixodes spinosus (Acari: Ixodidae). Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (article 101349), 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2019.101349" type="journal article" year="2020">
Labruna
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7BC77BBE038C49B108F859" box="[1067,1126,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
2020
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F7BC77BBE808C49B1DBF859" author="Guo, W. B. &amp; Shi, W. Q. &amp; Wang, Q. &amp; Pan, Y. S. &amp; Chang, Q. C. &amp; Jiang, B. G. &amp; Cheng, J. X. &amp; Cui, X. M. &amp; Zhou, Y. H. &amp; Wei, J. T. &amp; Sun, Y. &amp; Jiang, J. F. &amp; Jia, N. &amp; Cao, W. C." box="[1192,1205,1915,1941]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref200212" refString="Guo, W. B., Shi, W. Q., Wang, Q., Pan, Y. S., Chang, Q. C., Jiang, B. G., Cheng, J. X., Cui, X. M., Zhou, Y. H., Wei, J. T., Sun, Y., Jiang, J. F., Jia, N. &amp; Cao, W. C. (2021) Distribution of Dermacentor silvarum and associated pathogens: meta-analysis of global published data and a field survey in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (article 4430), 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / ijerph 18094430" type="journal article" year="2021">b</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, Guglielmone
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7BC77BBF4A8C49B0F3F859" box="[1378,1437,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
2021).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F7BC77ABAEF8CF1B49DFD65" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F7BC77ABAEF8CF1B747FE61" blockId="16.[151,1437,1914,2013]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,681]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Information concerning
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7BC77BBBF48CF1B7E6F811" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[476,648,1987,2013]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipes">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7BC77BBBF48CF1B7E6F811" box="[476,648,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ixodes fuscipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Guglielmone
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7BC77BB9658CF1B6E9F811" box="[845,903,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
(2014) and other papers should be considered invalid because current research results indicate that most such data are erroneous. For more than a century
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77ABF7B8BA5B599FF18" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1899" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABF7B8BA5B599FF18" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ixodes spinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a tick described but not figured by
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77AB8B08B89B634FF19" authority="Guglielmone &amp; Nava &amp; Robbins, 2023" authorityName="Guglielmone &amp; Nava &amp; Robbins" authorityYear="2023" box="[664,858,187,213]" pageId="17" pageNumber="231" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neumann">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F7AC77AB8B08B89B634FF19" author="Neumann, L. G." box="[664,858,187,213]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="107 - 294" refId="ref235222" refString="Neumann, L. G. (1899) Revision de la famille des ixodides (3 e memoire). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 12, 107 - 294." type="journal article" year="1899">Neumann (1899)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, has been treated as a synonym of
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABEC28B89B0F3FF19" box="[1258,1437,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77ABEC28B89B0F7FF19" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[1258,1433,187,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipes">Ixodes fuscipes</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The first figures of alleged
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77ABBFC8BEDB7EEFF35" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[468,640,223,249]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipes">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABBFC8BEDB7EEFF35" box="[468,640,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ixodes fuscipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were provided by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F7AC77AB9738BEDB1F2FF35" author="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C." box="[859,1180,223,249]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="133 - 293" refId="ref237650" refString="Nuttall, G. H. F. &amp; Warburton, C. (1911) Ticks. A monograph of the Ixodoidea. Part II. The Ixodidae. Section II. Genus I. Ixodes Latreille 1795. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 133 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 24075" type="book chapter" year="1911">Nuttall &amp; Warburton (1911)</bibRefCitation>
, using a female in the
<typeStatus id="548465E20F7AC77ABABF8A31B580FED1" box="[151,238,259,285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
series of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77ABB728A31B764FED0" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1899" box="[346,522,259,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABB728A31B764FED0" box="[346,522,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ixodes spinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F7AC77AB86B8A31B650FED1" author="Labruna, M. B. &amp; Onofrio, V. C. &amp; Barros-Battesti, D. M. &amp; Gianizella, S. L. &amp; Venzal, J. M. &amp; Guglielmone, A. A." box="[579,830,259,285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref223845" refString="Labruna, M. B., Onofrio, V. C., Barros-Battesti, D. M., Gianizella, S. L., Venzal, J. M. &amp; Guglielmone, A. A. (2020 b) Synonymy of Ixodes aragaoi with Ixodes fuscipes, and reinstatement of Ixodes spinosus (Acari: Ixodidae). Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (article 101349), 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2019.101349" type="journal article" year="2020">
Labruna
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77AB88F8A31B7B1FED1" box="[679,735,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
(2020b)
</bibRefCitation>
reexamined the type specimens of these ticks, finding that they represented different species, and reinstated
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77AB8DA8A15B6CCFE8C" authorityName="Neumann" authorityYear="1899" box="[754,930,295,321]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77AB8DA8A15B6CCFE8C" box="[754,930,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ixodes spinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid name. Additionally,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F7AC77ABF288A15B59EFEA9" author="Labruna, M. B. &amp; Onofrio, V. C. &amp; Barros-Battesti, D. M. &amp; Gianizella, S. L. &amp; Venzal, J. M. &amp; Guglielmone, A. A." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref223845" refString="Labruna, M. B., Onofrio, V. C., Barros-Battesti, D. M., Gianizella, S. L., Venzal, J. M. &amp; Guglielmone, A. A. (2020 b) Synonymy of Ixodes aragaoi with Ixodes fuscipes, and reinstatement of Ixodes spinosus (Acari: Ixodidae). Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (article 101349), 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2019.101349" type="journal article" year="2020">
Labruna
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABF4C8A15B0F3FE8D" box="[1380,1437,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
(2020b)
</bibRefCitation>
compared the type of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77ABBCC8A79B7E3FEA9" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[484,653,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipes">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABBCC8A79B7E3FEA9" box="[484,653,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ixodes fuscipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with females in the
<typeStatus id="548465E20F7AC77AB9428A79B6AFFEA9" box="[874,961,331,357]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
series of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77ABE018A79B1BEFEA8" box="[1065,1232,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aragaoi">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABE018A79B1BEFEA8" box="[1065,1232,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ixodes aragaoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, finding that these specimens are morphologically indistinguishable. Consequently,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F7AC77AB9508A5DB114FE45" author="Labruna, M. B. &amp; Onofrio, V. C. &amp; Barros-Battesti, D. M. &amp; Gianizella, S. L. &amp; Venzal, J. M. &amp; Guglielmone, A. A." box="[888,1146,367,393]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref223845" refString="Labruna, M. B., Onofrio, V. C., Barros-Battesti, D. M., Gianizella, S. L., Venzal, J. M. &amp; Guglielmone, A. A. (2020 b) Synonymy of Ixodes aragaoi with Ixodes fuscipes, and reinstatement of Ixodes spinosus (Acari: Ixodidae). Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 11 (article 101349), 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ttbdis. 2019.101349" type="journal article" year="2020">
Labruna
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77AB9F68A5DB176FE45" box="[990,1048,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
(2020b)
</bibRefCitation>
relegated
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77ABEDA8A5DB0F3FE44" box="[1266,1437,367,393]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aragaoi">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABEDA8A5DB0F3FE44" box="[1266,1437,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ixodes aragaoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the synonymy of
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABB5F8AA1B747FE61" box="[375,553,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77ABB5F8AA1B74BFE61" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[375,549,403,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipes">Ixodes fuscipes</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F7AC77ABAEF8A85B1B7FDAD" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77ABAEF8A85B41CFE1D" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[199,370,439,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipes">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABAEF8A85B41CFE1D" box="[199,370,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ixodes fuscipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is close to
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77ABBDA8A85B7E6FE1D" box="[498,648,439,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABBDA8A85B7E6FE1D" box="[498,648,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ixodes affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77AB8E88A85B6F5FE1C" box="[704,923,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77AB8E88A85B6F8FE1C" authorityName="Keirans &amp; Clifford" authorityYear="1985" box="[704,918,439,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pararicinus">Ixodes pararicinus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Some authors have treated
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77ABEFB8A85B013FE1D" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[1235,1405,439,465]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipes">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABEFB8A85B013FE1D" box="[1235,1405,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ixodes fuscipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77ABB108AE9B4A0FE39" box="[312,462,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABB108AE9B4A0FE39" box="[312,462,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ixodes affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this is unjustified, as shown in the studies of
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F7AC77ABE2A8AE9B188FE39" author="Onofrio, V. C. &amp; Ramirez, D. G. &amp; Giovanni, D. N. S. &amp; Marcili, A. &amp; Mangold, A. J. &amp; Venzal, J. M. &amp; Mendonca, R. Z. &amp; Labruna, M. B. &amp; Barros-Battesti, D. M." box="[1026,1254,475,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="361 - 370" refId="ref239575" refString="Onofrio, V. C., Ramirez, D. G., Giovanni, D. N. S., Marcili, A., Mangold, A. J., Venzal, J. M., Mendonca, R. Z., Labruna, M. B. &amp; Barros-Battesti, D. M. (2014) Validation of the taxon Ixodes aragaoi Fonseca (Acari: Ixodidae) based on morphological and molecular data. Zootaxa, 3860, 361 - 370. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3860.4.4" type="journal article" year="2014">
Onofrio
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABE4A8AE9B1F5FE39" box="[1122,1179,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
(2014
</bibRefCitation>
, using the name
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77ABABF8ACDB451FDD4" box="[151,319,511,537]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aragaoi">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABABF8ACDB451FDD4" box="[151,319,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ixodes aragaoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F7AC77ABB548ACDB7ADFDD5" author="Saracho-Bottero, M. N. &amp; Venzal, J. M. &amp; Tarragona, E. L. &amp; Thompson, C. T. &amp; Mangold, A. J. &amp; Beati, L. &amp; Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Nava, S." box="[380,707,511,537]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="43 - 54" refId="ref251672" refString="Saracho-Bottero, M. N., Venzal, J. M., Tarragona, E. L., Thompson, C. T., Mangold, A. J., Beati, L., Guglielmone, A. A. &amp; Nava, S. (2020) The Ixodes ricinus complex (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Southern Cone of America: Ixodes pararicinus, Ixodes aragaoi and Ixodes cf. I. affinis. Parasitology Research, 119, 43 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00436 - 019 - 06470 - z" type="journal article" year="2020">
Saracho-Bottero
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77AB8118ACDB71EFDD5" box="[569,624,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77AB8E58ACDB61BFDD5" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[717,885,511,537]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipes">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77AB8E58ACDB61BFDD5" box="[717,885,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ixodes fuscipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has also been partially confused with alleged
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77ABF478ACDB429FDF0" authorityName="Keirans &amp; Clifford" authorityYear="1985" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pararicinus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABF478ACDB429FDF0" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ixodes pararicinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77ABBA58911B49EFDF1" box="[397,496,547,573]" name="Uruguay" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
, but
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77AB80F8911B795FDF0" authorityName="Keirans &amp; Clifford" authorityYear="1985" box="[551,763,547,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pararicinus">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77AB80F8911B795FDF0" box="[551,763,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ixodes pararicinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is now known to be geographically limited to northwestern
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77ABABF8975B4B2FDAD" authority="(Nava et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Nava" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[151,476,583,609]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Republica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argentina">
Argentina (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F7AC77ABB3D8975B4BAFDAD" author="Nava, S. &amp; Venzal, J. M. &amp; Gonzalez-Acuna, D. &amp; Martins, T. F. &amp; Guglielmone, A. A." box="[277,468,583,609]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref234804" refString="Nava, S., Venzal, J. M., Gonzalez-Acuna, D., Martins, T. F. &amp; Guglielmone, A. A. (2017) Ticks of the Southern Cone of America. Elsevier Academic Press, London, San Diego, Cambridge, Oxford, 348 pp." type="book" year="2017">
Nava
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABB718975B4FFFDAD" box="[345,401,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and Uruguayan records are considered to represent
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77ABE0F8975B1BCFDAD" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[1063,1234,583,609]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipes">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77ABE0F8975B1BCFDAD" box="[1063,1234,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ixodes fuscipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F7AC77ABAEF8959B49DFD65" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F7AC77ABAEF8959B74FFD49" author="Carvajal, V. &amp; Castellanos, A." box="[199,545,619,645]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="10 - 17" refId="ref180328" refString="Carvajal, V. &amp; Castellanos, A. (2021) Nuevos registros de ectoparasitos (Ixodidae) sobre oso Andino. Boletin Tecnico 15, Serie Zool ogica, 16, 10 - 17." type="journal article" year="2021">Carvajal &amp; Castellanos (2021)</bibRefCitation>
reported the presence of
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F7AC77AB96B8959B681FD49" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[835,1007,619,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipes">
<emphasis id="B94B07520F7AC77AB96B8959B681FD49" box="[835,1007,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ixodes fuscipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F7AC77ABE3D8959B11AFD49" box="[1045,1140,619,645]" name="Ecuador" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, but the accompanying illustration is not of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>