189 lines
22 KiB
XML
189 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="0D7BFF2F5CDFB4E2700F0CEE6316F875" ID-CLB-Dataset="235222" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="43227427-a867-4744-9e4c-2b2302524890" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7704190" ID-ZooBank="3326BF76-A2FB-4244-BA4C-D0AF81F55637" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1678178331427" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G." docDate="2023" docId="03966A560F73C773BABF8E3EB1DBF97E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5251.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5251 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Ixodes nairobiensis Nuttall 1916" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FFAF122E0F6BC76BBA288B32B56EFFCC" masterDocTitle="Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1699476275219" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="76CAAEF89747C8822CD64C61C719AB9C">
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<mods:title id="D6E6CA2905C1F4AA18E1ABD2A3AB6C5A">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F65ACEF2834FF3DD885F31767A825B0B">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="53554BD70238B0FD72EB1836FAD78ADA" type="email">guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A8575AF9990964E052B89EA06C64F3A9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="692775F54F9487CF0CAA64BBB50582D1">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="71F5B08060BDE25BFC6C4E2D65B1C10D" type="email">nava.santiago@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9A0B687F5117AF92247D7C2F190EFA57">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F02CCADF145328CEA379E6244F78C32C" type="email">robbinsrg@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="C7741B88686348FD790A5A8880882A76">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="95E229BDE758B9EACD8B9A2E130DC06F">
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<mods:date id="E644490F3A18FB631A089F96A9515469">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9AB94575A5AFDC6EDAD12F2BF42281C3">2023-03-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B60F33D4C3AFDD54CDFA1513C0EC7D11">5251</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03966A560F73C773BABF8E3EB1DBF97E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7704276" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449349" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7704276" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F73C773BABF8E3EB1DBF97E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F73C773BABF8E3EB1DBF97E" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F73C773BABF8E3EB73AFAEA" box="[151,596,1291,1318]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F73C773BABF8E3EB73AFAEA" blockId="24.[151,1437,1291,1715]" box="[151,596,1291,1318]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773BABF8E3EB5A7FAEA" bold="true" box="[151,201,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">161.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F73C773BAF88E39B73EFAEA" ID-CoL="3QGHS" authority="Nuttall, 1916" authorityName="Nuttall" authorityYear="1916" box="[208,592,1291,1318]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nairobiensis">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773BAF88E39B4DFFAEA" bold="true" box="[208,433,1291,1318]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ixodes nairobiensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773BB908E3EB73EFAEA" author="Nuttall, G. H. F." box="[440,592,1292,1318]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="294 - 337" refId="ref237548" refString="Nuttall, G. H. F. (1916) Notes on ticks. IV. Relating to the genus Ixodes and including a description of three new species and two varieties. Parasitology, 8, 294 - 337. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0031182000010623" type="journal article" year="1916">Nuttall, 1916</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F73C773B8728E3EB49FFAA2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F73C773B8728E3EB49FFAA2" blockId="24.[151,1437,1291,1715]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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Afrotropical: 1)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F73C773B93A8E3EB1F0FAEA" box="[786,1182,1292,1318]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
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, 2)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F73C773BEE18E3FB07BFAEB" box="[1225,1301,1293,1319]" name="Kenya" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, 3)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F73C773BF688E3EB0F6FAEA" box="[1344,1432,1292,1318]" name="Malawi" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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, 4)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F73C773BA9E8E02B429FA86" box="[182,327,1328,1354]" name="South Sudan" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
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, 5)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F73C773BB588E02B4B6FA86" box="[368,472,1328,1354]" name="Tanzania" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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, 6)
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F73C773B82A8E02B737FA86" box="[514,601,1328,1354]" name="Uganda" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773B8408E02B60BFA86" author="Elbl A & Anastos, G." box="[616,869,1328,1354]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref191066" refString="Elbl A. & Anastos, G. (1966 b) Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of Central Africa. Volume II. Genus Ixodes Latreille, 1795. Annales du Musee Royal de I ' Afrique Centrale, Serie 8, Sciences Zoologiques, (146) 205 pp." type="book" year="1966">Elbl & Anastos 1966b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773B9478E03B1EFFA86" author="Yeoman, G. H. & Walker, J. B." box="[879,1153,1328,1355]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref266297" refString="Yeoman, G. H. & Walker, J. B. (1967) The ixodid ticks of Tanzania. A study of the zoogeography of the Ixodidae of an East African country. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 215 pp." type="book" year="1967">Yeoman & Walker 1967</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773BEA48E02B070FA86" author="Walker, J. B." box="[1164,1310,1328,1354]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref262953" refString="Walker, J. B. (1974) The ixodid ticks of Kenya. A review of present knowledge of their hosts and distribution. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 220 pp." type="book" year="1974">Walker 1974</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773BF018E02B454FAA2" author="Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref229336" refString="Matthysse, J. G. & Colbo, M. H. (1987) The ixodid ticks of Uganda. Entomological Society of America, College, Park, Maryland, 426 pp." type="book" year="1987">Matthysse & Colbo 1987</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773BB6D8E66B48BFAA2" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[325,485,1364,1390]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin 2009</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F73C773BAEF8E4AB1DBF97E" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B80DB400F73C773BAEF8E4AB1DBF97E" blockId="24.[151,1437,1291,1715]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773BAEF8E4AB4B7FA5E" author="Elbl A & Anastos, G." box="[199,473,1400,1426]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref191066" refString="Elbl A. & Anastos, G. (1966 b) Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of Central Africa. Volume II. Genus Ixodes Latreille, 1795. Annales du Musee Royal de I ' Afrique Centrale, Serie 8, Sciences Zoologiques, (146) 205 pp." type="book" year="1966">Elbl & Anastos (1966b)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773BBCF8E4AB711FA5E" author="Morel, P. C." box="[487,639,1400,1426]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref232231" refString="Morel, P. C. (2003) Les tiques d'Afrique et du Bassin mediterraneen (1965 - 1995). CIRAD-EMVT, 1342 pp." type="book" year="2003">Morel (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773B8908E4AB606FA5E" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[696,872,1400,1426]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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included
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F73C773B9F18E4AB104FA5E" box="[985,1130,1400,1426]" name="South Africa" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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within the geographic distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F73C773BB098EAEB495FA7A" authorityName="Nuttall" authorityYear="1916" box="[289,507,1436,1462]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nairobiensis">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773BB098EAEB495FA7A" box="[289,507,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ixodes nairobiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773B8108EAEB7B0FA7A" author="Theiler, G." box="[568,734,1436,1462]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref258651" refString="Theiler, G. (1962) The Ixodoidea parasites of vertebrates in Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian region). Report to the Director of Veterinary Services, Onderstepoort, South Africa, Project S. 9958, 260 pp." type="book" year="1962">Theiler (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773B8C38EAEB6E1FA7A" author="Walker, J. B." box="[747,911,1436,1462]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="81 - 105" refId="ref263045" refString="Walker, J. B. (1991) A review of the ixodid ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) occurring in southern Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 58, 81 - 105." type="journal article" year="1991">Walker (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773B9E18EAEB1CBFA7A" author="Horak, I. G. & Heyne, H. & Williams, R. & Gallivan, G. J. & Spickett, A. & Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A." box="[969,1189,1436,1462]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref208796" refString="Horak, I. G., Heyne, H., Williams, R., Gallivan, G. J., Spickett, A., Bezuidenhout, J. D. & Estrada-Pena, A. (2018) The ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of southern Africa. Springer, Cham, 676 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 70642 - 9" type="book" year="2018">
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Horak
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773BE308EAFB13CFA7A" box="[1048,1106,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
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(2018)
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</bibRefCitation>
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rejected the presence of this tick in that country, stating that
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F73C773B87D8EF2B65EFA16" authorityName="Nuttall" authorityYear="1916" box="[597,816,1472,1498]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nairobiensis">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773B87D8EF2B65EFA16" box="[597,816,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ixodes nairobiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been confused with
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F73C773BE658EF2B065FA16" box="[1101,1291,1472,1498]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongatus">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773BE658EF2B065FA16" box="[1101,1291,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ixodes elongatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773BF638EF2B58CFA32" author="Theiler, G." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref258651" refString="Theiler, G. (1962) The Ixodoidea parasites of vertebrates in Africa south of the Sahara (Ethiopian region). Report to the Director of Veterinary Services, Onderstepoort, South Africa, Project S. 9958, 260 pp." type="book" year="1962">Theiler (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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believed that
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F73C773BBA98ED6B734FA32" authorityName="Nuttall" authorityYear="1916" box="[385,602,1508,1534]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nairobiensis">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773BBA98ED6B734FA32" box="[385,602,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ixodes nairobiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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had also been confused with South African specimens of
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773BECF8ED6B0F3FA32" box="[1255,1437,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F73C773BECF8ED6B0F7FA32" authorityName="Arthur" authorityYear="1959" box="[1255,1433,1508,1534]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bedfordi">Ixodes bedfordi</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Consequently, we do not include
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F73C773B83D8D3AB7C8F9EE" box="[533,678,1544,1570]" name="South Africa" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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within the range of
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773B9B98D3AB11AF9EE" box="[913,1140,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F73C773B9B98D3AB11EF9EE" authorityName="Nuttall" authorityYear="1916" box="[913,1136,1544,1570]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nairobiensis">Ixodes nairobiensis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773BE548D3AB039F9EF" author="Hoogstraal, H." box="[1148,1367,1544,1571]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref202266" refString="Hoogstraal, H. (1956 a) African Ixodoidea. I. Ticks of the Sudan (with special reference to Equatoria Province and with preliminary reviews of the genera Boophilus, Margaropus and Hyalomma). Research Report NM 005 050. 29. 07, Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington D. C., 1101 pp." type="book" year="1956">Hoogstraal (1956a)</bibRefCitation>
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listed
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F73C773BABF8D1EB41CF98A" authorityName="Nuttall" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,370,1580,1606]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nairobiensis">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773BABF8D1EB41CF98A" box="[151,370,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ixodes nairobiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as an East African tick, but
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773B8938D1EB6FBF98B" author="Hoogstraal, H." box="[699,917,1580,1607]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref202266" refString="Hoogstraal, H. (1956 a) African Ixodoidea. I. Ticks of the Sudan (with special reference to Equatoria Province and with preliminary reviews of the genera Boophilus, Margaropus and Hyalomma). Research Report NM 005 050. 29. 07, Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington D. C., 1101 pp." type="book" year="1956">Hoogstraal (1956a)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773B9E78D1EB109F98A" author="Morel, P. C." box="[975,1127,1580,1606]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref232231" refString="Morel, P. C. (2003) Les tiques d'Afrique et du Bassin mediterraneen (1965 - 1995). CIRAD-EMVT, 1342 pp." type="book" year="2003">Morel (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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included
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F73C773BEF08D1EB044F98A" box="[1240,1322,1580,1606]" name="Angola" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Angola</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F73C773BF4C8D1EB58EF9A6" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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within its range.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773BB8D8D62B7DEF9A6" author="Elbl A & Anastos, G." box="[421,688,1616,1642]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref191066" refString="Elbl A. & Anastos, G. (1966 b) Ixodid ticks (Acarina, Ixodidae) of Central Africa. Volume II. Genus Ixodes Latreille, 1795. Annales du Musee Royal de I ' Afrique Centrale, Serie 8, Sciences Zoologiques, (146) 205 pp." type="book" year="1966">Elbl & Anastos (1966b)</bibRefCitation>
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treated the records in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773B9838D62B1EAF9A7" author="Hoogstraal, H." box="[939,1156,1616,1643]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref202266" refString="Hoogstraal, H. (1956 a) African Ixodoidea. I. Ticks of the Sudan (with special reference to Equatoria Province and with preliminary reviews of the genera Boophilus, Margaropus and Hyalomma). Research Report NM 005 050. 29. 07, Department of the Navy, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Washington D. C., 1101 pp." type="book" year="1956">Hoogstraal (1956a)</bibRefCitation>
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as valid, but
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F73C773BF328D62B002F9A6" box="[1306,1388,1616,1642]" name="Angola" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Angola</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F73C773BABF8D46B461F942" box="[151,271,1652,1678]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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were not included within the range of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F73C773B8938D46B6FDF942" authorityName="Nuttall" authorityYear="1916" box="[699,915,1652,1678]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nairobiensis">
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773B8938D46B6FDF942" box="[699,915,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Ixodes nairobiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F73C773B9948D46B102F942" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[956,1132,1652,1678]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F73C773BE5D8D46B1A9F942" box="[1141,1223,1652,1678]" name="Angola" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Angola</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F73C773BED48D46B01AF942" box="[1276,1396,1652,1678]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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are here provisionally considered to lie outside the geographic distribution of
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<emphasis id="B94B07520F73C773B9FC8DAAB1DBF97E" box="[980,1205,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F73C773B9FC8DAAB1DFF97E" authorityName="Nuttall" authorityYear="1916" box="[980,1201,1688,1714]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Ixodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nairobiensis">Ixodes nairobiensis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |