268 lines
30 KiB
XML
268 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="B7334D056FE0076267A547D399D83E5F" ID-CLB-Dataset="235222" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="43227427-a867-4744-9e4c-2b2302524890" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7704190" ID-ZooBank="3326BF76-A2FB-4244-BA4C-D0AF81F55637" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1678178331427" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Guglielmone, Alberto A., Nava, Santiago & Robbins, Richard G." docDate="2023" docId="03966A560F45C745BABF8FB5B19FF858" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5251.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5251 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Amblyomma gemma Dönitz 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="FFAF122E0F6BC76BBA288B32B56EFFCC" masterDocTitle="Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1699476275219" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="DB2C880A30D7C2DB86B66172D6665A4F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="439EDFC6598AF8138BD33EC1F37E4774">
|
||
<mods:title id="A01D59A113D64486FE3F8ED288F07F26">Geographic distribution of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of the world by countries and territories</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="F4B315F913F42DBE6AD07C257A0F7DF8" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="8CAD553B9EB98BBD042B77C92180FA1F">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="BAABA290DCD07140E30BE686BF09CF13">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="C01CDE4A140FEA7962FDB1B7FF9997C0">Guglielmone, Alberto A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7CC14B5AB02A963782317AE38BF30FCF" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5430-2889</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="54E0146B1C63F0999D3B563EE6B01BC1" type="email">guglielmone.alberto@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="1340F68D4FFC21C559EF7D94868CC707" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="6A1EE06F978E463E16BA625506329E35">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1CAD5E9B958271CFBE0EE2BF76F58B07">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="C8D19E3EAC5221286FD42B5E6021BEE1">Nava, Santiago</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BF25A95D055669AA0CFAFB5CB8EC47E1" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7791-4239</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="558C408C2F36F9F8537F975A371FA3D0" type="email">nava.santiago@inta.gob.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A6CA5F8EDF50E942E3ABB3D3A0FD0372" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="BFE80B60B9A56673394605336D0CF80E">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D26981A4232393AB5DF5F12FDEC0F422">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="209042720A533DAEDC29120EFB265FA5">Robbins, Richard G.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FF34B6F342CBAA324432D9DB251BFF52" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2443-5271</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="76F0685D87E96B376762A8C0ECA615C4" type="email">robbinsrg@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="C4A6D42A7BB300D8475F16FFA180F481">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="3793EBA2FEEB16309A08084B84E7AA1E" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="B18F361D0FA4514CAC8E5B6C0B3B1A26">
|
||
<mods:title id="5C155E82F3EF0154629EAE797A12127A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="FB3DADF0D677714908C9BD1753B8E13A">
|
||
<mods:date id="A5C596A8230E4905B381537E6D48857F">2023</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="8FCDFB86E1903178EE51AE3340D6D477" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="03E751AF059EE434913863BE0956D3A7">2023-03-07</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="9C9F134E2A12E9BEAC40A2D37A391853" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="4E993B71772D8D549BB1A49A70E93373">5251</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="D9EDAC6782E2F7FF8195B02AD2A2109F" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="C75E7336D2C3F8339356F156E54AB5CC">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="2C8AD40A4768B654E4A4B25AD64B00EA" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="104AECAA216679CE9B0F3D16CE98D798">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="6EBF83588018ADB7BFE0C5D7E747BC90">274</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="8AD849B432E38711382746E78E8CE584">
|
||
<mods:url id="714F747375B70A24C515215D70E4BB7D">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="4F5C0A16B9DBAF96510DACE5C6BF2706">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="85A2B3E8EC6F952A38019D80FB1128A7" type="CLB-Dataset">235222</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2E1F2DE9C411F951AC084B6FFB720588" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5251.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2210AB7A7F9FBBF5D14E76C926D0BF36" type="GBIF-Dataset">43227427-a867-4744-9e4c-2b2302524890</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6B1EA7E92802C22FAEBC1572BBDBA4D8" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="714DA333D77365C69AF7176BDC9E8B6B" type="Zenodo-Dep">7704190</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="256A3C96C0BB8CAD5FA5D2C3B8F9A1BA" type="ZooBank">3326BF76-A2FB-4244-BA4C-D0AF81F55637</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03966A560F45C745BABF8FB5B19FF858" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7717678" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209449659" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7717678" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03966A560F45C745BABF8FB5B19FF858" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03966A560F45C745BABF8FB5B19FF858" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F45C745BABF8FB5B73AFB6D" box="[151,596,1158,1187]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F45C745BABF8FB5B73AFB6D" blockId="46.[151,1437,1158,1941]" box="[151,596,1158,1187]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745BABF8FB5B5D4FB6D" bold="true" box="[151,186,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">46.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F45C745BAEA8FB4B721FB6D" ID-CoL="65ZZL" ID-ENA="492567" authorityName="Dönitz" authorityYear="1909" box="[194,591,1158,1187]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745BAEA8FB4B4DEFB6D" bold="true" box="[194,432,1158,1185]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Amblyomma gemma</emphasis>
|
||
D ö nitz, 1909
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F45C745B8728FB5B4CBFAC1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F45C745B8728FB5B4CBFAC1" blockId="46.[151,1437,1158,1941]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Afrotropical: 1)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F45C745B93C8FB5B61AFB6D" box="[788,884,1159,1185]" name="Djibouti" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Djibouti</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 2)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F45C745B9898FB5B69EFB6D" box="[929,1008,1159,1185]" name="Eritrea" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 3)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F45C745BE348FB5B110FB6D" box="[1052,1150,1159,1185]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 4)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F45C745BE828FB5B198FB6D" box="[1194,1270,1159,1185]" name="Kenya" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 5)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F45C745BF0A8FB5B5D7FB09" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(south), 6)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F45C745BB178F99B4F0FB09" box="[319,414,1195,1221]" name="Somalia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Somalia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 7)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F45C745BBE18F99B75FFB09" box="[457,561,1195,1221]" name="Tanzania" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 8)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F45C745B8748F99B7D8FB09" box="[604,694,1195,1221]" name="Uganda" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
, 9)
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F45C745B8C98F99B641FB09" box="[737,815,1195,1221]" name="Yemen" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F45C745B9168F99B13BFB09" author="Yeoman, G. H. & Walker, J. B." box="[830,1109,1195,1221]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref266297" refString="Yeoman, G. H. & Walker, J. B. (1967) The ixodid ticks of Tanzania. A study of the zoogeography of the Ixodidae of an East African country. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 215 pp." type="book" year="1967">Yeoman & Walker 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F45C745BE488F99B19AFB09" author="Walker, J. B." box="[1120,1268,1195,1221]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref262953" refString="Walker, J. B. (1974) The ixodid ticks of Kenya. A review of present knowledge of their hosts and distribution. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 220 pp." type="book" year="1974">Walker 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F45C745BF288F99B0F6FB09" author="Pegram, R. G." box="[1280,1432,1195,1221]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="345 - 363" refId="ref241693" refString="Pegram, R. G. (1976) Ticks (Acarina, Ixodoidea) of the northern regions of the Somali Democratic Republic. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 66, 345 - 363. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 000748530000674 X" type="journal article" year="1976">Pegram 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Hoogstraal
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745BB338FFDB43BFB25" box="[283,341,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1981,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F45C745BB8E8FFDB7D7FB25" author="Walker, J. B. & Olwage, A." box="[422,697,1231,1257]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="353 - 379" refId="ref263132" refString="Walker, J. B. & Olwage, A. (1987) The tick vectors of Cowdria ruminantium (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae, genus Amblyomma) and their distribution. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 54, 353 - 379." type="journal article" year="1987">Walker & Olwage 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F45C745B8EE8FFDB6FDFB25" author="Lynen, G. & Zeman, P. & Bakuname, C. & Di Giulio, G. & Mtui, P. & Sanka, P. & Jongejan, F." box="[710,915,1231,1257]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="303 - 319" refId="ref227161" refString="Lynen, G., Zeman, P., Bakuname, C., Di Giulio, G., Mtui, P., Sanka, P. & Jongejan, F. (2007) Cattle ticks of the genera Rhipicephalus and Amblyomma of economic importance in Tanzania: distribution assessed with GIS based on an extensive field survey. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 43, 303 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 007 - 9123 - 9" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Lynen
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745B93D8FFDB621FB25" box="[789,847,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F45C745B9888FFDB12EFB25" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[928,1088,1231,1257]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F45C745BE658FFDB19DFB25" author="Burridge, M. J." box="[1101,1267,1231,1257]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref178986" refString="Burridge, M. J. (2011) Non-Native and Invasive Ticks. Threats to Human and Animal Health in the United States. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 448 pp." type="book" year="2011">Burridge 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F45C745BED78FFDB5BCFAC1" author="Abdally, M. H. & Al-Marri, T. M. & Abdally, H. M. & Al-Jabr, O." pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="276 - 285" refId="ref166533" refString="Abdally, M. H., Al-Marri, T. M., Abdally, H. M. & Al-Jabr, O. (2020) Incidence and prevalence of hard ticks in ruminants of Al- Ahsa oasis region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. World Veterinary Journal, 10, 276 - 285. https: // doi. org / 10.36380 / scil. 2020. wvj 36" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Abdally
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745BF4A8FFDB0F3FB25" box="[1378,1437,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F45C745BAF58FC1B4F7FAC1" author="Peter, S. G. & Kariuki, H. W. & Aboge, G. O. & Gakuya, D. W. & Maingi, N. & Mulei, C. M." box="[221,409,1267,1293]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref242723" refString="Peter, S. G., Kariuki, H. W., Aboge, G. O., Gakuya, D. W., Maingi, N. & Mulei, C. M. (2021) Prevalence of ticks infesting dairy cattle and the pathogens they harbour in smallholder farms in peri-urban areas of Nairobi, Kenya. Veterinary Medicine International, 2021 (article 9501648), 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1155 / 2021 / 9501648" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Peter
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745BB368FC1B438FAC1" box="[286,342,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32588CB0F45C745BAEF8E25B19FF858" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F45C745BAEF8E25B719F9C5" blockId="46.[151,1437,1158,1941]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F45C745BAEF8E25B49DFAFD" author="Yeoman, G. H. & Walker, J. B." box="[199,499,1303,1329]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref266297" refString="Yeoman, G. H. & Walker, J. B. (1967) The ixodid ticks of Tanzania. A study of the zoogeography of the Ixodidae of an East African country. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 215 pp." type="book" year="1967">Yeoman & Walker (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F45C745B8198E25B636FAFD" author="Walker, J. B. & Olwage, A." box="[561,856,1303,1329]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="353 - 379" refId="ref263132" refString="Walker, J. B. & Olwage, A. (1987) The tick vectors of Cowdria ruminantium (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae, genus Amblyomma) and their distribution. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 54, 353 - 379." type="journal article" year="1987">Walker & Olwage (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cautioned that the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F45C745BE9D8E25B0F2FAFC" box="[1205,1436,1303,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745BE9D8E25B0F2FAFC" box="[1205,1436,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Amblyomma gemma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically indistinguishable from that of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745B8FB8E09B68EFA99" box="[723,992,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F45C745B8FB8E09B6B2FA99" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[723,988,1339,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebraeum">Amblyomma hebraeum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F45C745B9C18E09B07FFA99" author="Yeoman, G. H. & Walker, J. B." box="[1001,1297,1339,1365]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref266297" refString="Yeoman, G. H. & Walker, J. B. (1967) The ixodid ticks of Tanzania. A study of the zoogeography of the Ixodidae of an East African country. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 215 pp." type="book" year="1967">Yeoman & Walker (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F45C745BF648E09B58CFAB5" author="Walker, J. B." pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref262953" refString="Walker, J. B. (1974) The ixodid ticks of Kenya. A review of present knowledge of their hosts and distribution. Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, London, 220 pp." type="book" year="1974">Walker (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
added that females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F45C745BBF58E6DB7AFFAB4" box="[477,705,1375,1401]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745BBF58E6DB7AFFAB4" box="[477,705,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Amblyomma gemma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F45C745B8DE8E6DB696FAB5" authorityName="Gerstacker" authorityYear="1873" box="[758,1016,1375,1401]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eburneum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745B8DE8E6DB696FAB5" box="[758,1016,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Amblyomma eburneum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are easily confused with one another.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F45C745BABF8EB1B442FA51" author="Morel, P. C." box="[151,300,1411,1437]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref232231" refString="Morel, P. C. (2003) Les tiques d'Afrique et du Bassin mediterraneen (1965 - 1995). CIRAD-EMVT, 1342 pp." type="book" year="2003">Morel (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cited many records of confusion between females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F45C745B9548EB1B131FA50" box="[892,1119,1411,1437]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745B9548EB1B131FA50" box="[892,1119,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Amblyomma gemma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F45C745BE448EB1B000FA51" authorityName="Gerstacker" authorityYear="1873" box="[1132,1390,1411,1437]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eburneum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745BE448EB1B000FA51" box="[1132,1390,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Amblyomma eburneum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F45C745BABF8E95B4F7FA0D" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,409,1447,1473]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hebraeum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745BABF8E95B4F7FA0D" box="[151,409,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Amblyomma hebraeum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and stated that literature diagnoses of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F45C745B96F8E95B144FA0C" box="[839,1066,1447,1473]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745B96F8E95B144FA0C" box="[839,1066,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Amblyomma gemma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear to be more often based on ecological considerations than on morphological characters. Therefore, the geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F45C745BF388EF9B586F9C4" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745BF388EF9B586F9C4" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Amblyomma gemma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes an element of uncertainty.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F45C745BAEF8D21B0FCF8E5" blockId="46.[151,1437,1158,1941]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Hoogstraal
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745BB618D21B4EEF9E1" box="[329,384,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1981) believed that several records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F45C745B9128D21B170F9E0" box="[826,1054,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745B9128D21B170F9E0" box="[826,1054,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Amblyomma gemma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F45C745BE498D21B19CF9E1" box="[1121,1266,1555,1581]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
were the result of introductions, implying that this species is not established there, but there is evidence to the contrary (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F45C745BF0D8D05B597F9B9" author="Abdally, M. H. & Al-Marri, T. M. & Abdally, H. M. & Al-Jabr, O." pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="276 - 285" refId="ref166533" refString="Abdally, M. H., Al-Marri, T. M., Abdally, H. M. & Al-Jabr, O. (2020) Incidence and prevalence of hard ticks in ruminants of Al- Ahsa oasis region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. World Veterinary Journal, 10, 276 - 285. https: // doi. org / 10.36380 / scil. 2020. wvj 36" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Abdally
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745BFA08D05B5DAF9B9" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F45C745BB238D69B4D4F9B9" author="Kolonin, G. V." box="[267,442,1627,1653]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref221361" refString="Kolonin, G. V. (2009) Fauna of ixodid ticks of the world. https: // archive. is / CtZk. Last accessed February 11, 2022." type="url" year="2009">Kolonin (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F45C745B8008D69B718F9B9" box="[552,630,1627,1653]" name="Yemen" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
within the geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F45C745BE0A8D69B069F9B8" box="[1058,1287,1627,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745BE0A8D69B069F9B8" box="[1058,1287,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Amblyomma gemma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the only specimen found in that country by 1987 was thought to have been imported from Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F45C745BEAA8D4DB0FEF955" author="Walker, J. B. & Olwage, A." box="[1154,1424,1663,1689]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="353 - 379" refId="ref263132" refString="Walker, J. B. & Olwage, A. (1987) The tick vectors of Cowdria ruminantium (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae, genus Amblyomma) and their distribution. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 54, 353 - 379." type="journal article" year="1987">Walker & Olwage 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, Hoogstraal
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745BBA38D91B4ADF971" box="[395,451,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1981) reported several specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F45C745B9448D91B121F970" box="[876,1103,1699,1725]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745B9448D91B121F970" box="[876,1103,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Amblyomma gemma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F45C745BE598D91B06CF971" box="[1137,1282,1699,1725]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
that had been collected from camels imported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F45C745B8158DF5B7E0F92D" box="[573,654,1735,1761]" name="Yemen" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and both countries are included here within the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F45C745BF388DF5B586F8C8" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745BF388DF5B586F8C8" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Amblyomma gemma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, the geographical distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F45C745B8B48DD9B611F8C8" box="[668,895,1771,1797]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745B8B48DD9B611F8C8" box="[668,895,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Amblyomma gemma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes the Arabian Peninsula. Even so,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F45C745BF648DD9B44FF8E5" author="Wassef, H. I. & Gallagher, M. D." pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="63 - 88" refId="ref264487" refString="Wassef, H. I., B ¸ ttiker, W. & Gallagher, M. D. (1997) Further records of ticks (Acari: Argasidae and Ixodidae) from the Arab Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 16, 63 - 88." type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Wassef
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745BABF8C3DB5A1F8E5" box="[151,207,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1997)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not recognize the presence of local populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F45C745B9AF8C3DB105F8E4" box="[903,1131,1807,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745B9AF8C3DB105F8E4" box="[903,1131,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Amblyomma gemma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the Arabian Peninsula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B80DB400F45C745BAEF8C01B19FF858" blockId="46.[151,1437,1158,1941]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
It is uncertain whether
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F45C745BBE18C01B7C2F880" box="[457,684,1843,1869]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745BBE18C01B7C2F880" box="[457,684,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Amblyomma gemma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is established in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F45C745B9BE8C01B1E4F881" box="[918,1162,1843,1869]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">United Arab Emirates</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F45C745BEB28C01B036F881" author="Khan, A. S. & Maupin, G. O. & Rollin, P. E. & Noor, A. M. & Shurie, H. H. & Shalabi, A. G. A. & Wasef, S. & Haddad, Y. M. & Sadek, R. & Ijaz, K. & Peters, C. J." box="[1178,1368,1843,1869]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="519 - 525" refId="ref217211" refString="Khan, A. S., Maupin, G. O., Rollin, P. E., Noor, A. M., Shurie, H. H., Shalabi, A. G. A., Wasef, S., Haddad, Y. M., Sadek, R., Ijaz, K. & Peters, C. J. (1997) An outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in the United Arab Emirates, 1994 - 1995. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Kygiene, 57, 519 - 525. https: // doi. org / 10.4269 / ajtmh. 1997.57.519" type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Khan
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745BEF58C01B07BF881" box="[1245,1301,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This tick has been found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F45C745BBB38C65B48FF8BD" box="[411,481,1879,1905]" name="Egypt" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but it is not established in that country, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F45C745BE6B8C65B07BF8BD" author="Okely, M. & Anan, R. & Gad-Allah, S. & Samy, A. M." box="[1091,1301,1879,1905]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="333 - 351" refId="ref238376" refString="Okely, M., Anan, R., Gad-Allah, S. & Samy, A. M. (2021) Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting domestic animals in Egypt: diagnostic characters and a taxonomic key to the collected species. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 35, 333 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / mve. 12502" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Okely
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745BEA78C65B1A7F8BD" box="[1167,1225,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAEA6B10F45C745BF098C65B030F8BD" author="Okely, M. & Chen, Z. & Anan, R. & Gad-Allah, S." box="[1313,1374,1879,1905]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="811 - 838" refId="ref238447" refString="Okely, M., Chen, Z., Anan, R. & Gad-Allah, S. (2022) Updated checklist of the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of Egypt, with notes of livestock host and tick-borne pathogens. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 27, 811 - 838. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 27.5.1" type="journal article" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F45C745BABF8C49B4E2F859" box="[151,396,1915,1941]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">United Arab Emirates</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3289BD00F45C745BBEA8C49B76BF859" box="[450,517,1915,1941]" name="Egypt" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
are provisionally excluded from the range of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B07520F45C745BE2E8C49B19FF858" box="[1030,1265,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FA0C30F45C745BE2E8C49B180F858" box="[1030,1262,1915,1941]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gemma">Amblyomma gemma</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |