458 lines
41 KiB
XML
458 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757526" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d009621e-c55f-446b-a518-2cf32929b517" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182067029" ID-ISSN="1854-0392" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4757526" checkinTime="1620843928813" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Grubbs, Scott A." docDate="2006" docId="0380FE17FF8CFFE7FC3BB5273553FA8E" docLanguage="en" docName="Illiesia.2.6.39-49.pdf" docOrigin="Illiesia 2 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:1DEF1196F206C1C297CF0540A5C6768F.1:Illesia.2005-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="1DEF1196F206C1C297CF0540A5C6768F" docStyleName="Illesia.2005-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Soyedina calcarea Grubbs 2006, sp. n" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="FFB9866FFF88FFE0FFF0B15E306AFFEE" masterDocTitle="Soyedina Alexandria And S. Calcarea (Plecoptera: Nemouridae), New Stonefly Species From The Eastern Nearctic Region And Notes On The Life Cycle Of S. Calcarea." masterLastPageNumber="49" masterPageNumber="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1643585578284" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Soyedina Alexandria And S. Calcarea (Plecoptera: Nemouridae), New Stonefly Species From The Eastern Nearctic Region And Notes On The Life Cycle Of S. Calcarea.</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Grubbs, Scott A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Illiesia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>6</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>39</mods:start>
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<mods:end>49</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4754597</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">d009621e-c55f-446b-a518-2cf32929b517</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1854-0392</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4754597</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4757526" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182067029" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4757526" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0380FE17FF8CFFE7FC3BB5273553FA8E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380FE17FF8CFFE7FC3BB5273553FA8E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[971,1242,1145,1169]" box="[971,1242,1145,1169]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<heading bold="true" box="[971,1242,1145,1169]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[971,1242,1145,1169]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName authority="Grubbs, 2006" authorityName="Grubbs" authorityYear="2006" box="[971,1179,1145,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calcarea" status="sp. n">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[971,1179,1145,1169]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Soyedina calcarea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1186,1242,1145,1169]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. n</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[1035,1177,1180,1204]" box="[1035,1177,1180,1204]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">(Figs. 32–36)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[809,1404,1249,1930]" lastBlockId="7.[184,773,315,1964]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,1043,1249,1273]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111470303" collectingDate="2000-03-02" collectingDateMax="2000-03-06" collectingDateMin="2000-03-02" collectorName="S. A. Grubbs" country="United States of America" county="Hart Co." location="Hart Co." pageId="4" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kentucky" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus box="[1055,1163,1249,1273]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount box="[1175,1194,1249,1273]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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and
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<typeStatus box="[1263,1365,1250,1274]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">paratype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount box="[1377,1396,1249,1273]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[809,884,1284,1308]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[894,1008,1284,1308]" country="United States of America" name="Kentucky" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Kentucky</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectingCounty box="[1017,1117,1284,1308]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Hart Co.</collectingCounty>
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, small spring‐ fed stream,
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<locationDeviation box="[809,1072,1318,1342]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">7.5 km NW Bonnieville</locationDeviation>
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,
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<date box="[1080,1255,1318,1342]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" value="2000-03-02" valueMax="2000-03-06" valueMin="2000-03-02">
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<collectingDate box="[1080,1255,1318,1342]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" value="2000-03-02" valueMax="2000-03-06" valueMin="2000-03-02">2–6 March 2000</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName box="[1264,1403,1318,1343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">S. A. Grubbs</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111175303" box="[809,1207,1353,1377]" collectionCode="INHS" collectorName="Ferguson" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1">
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and J.M.
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<collectorName box="[912,1019,1353,1377]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Ferguson</collectorName>
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(reared) (
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<collectionCode box="[1131,1200,1353,1377]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34797" name="Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">INHS</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111175345" collectingDate="2000-03-09" collectionCode="WKU" collectorName="S. A. Grubbs & J. M. Ferguson" location="Ferguson" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="7" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus box="[1218,1333,1353,1377]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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, same as holotype but
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<date box="[992,1146,1387,1412]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" value="2000-03-09">
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<collectingDate box="[992,1146,1387,1412]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" value="2000-03-09">9 March 2000</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName box="[1156,1301,1387,1412]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">S. A. Grubbs</collectorName>
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and
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<collectorName pageId="4" pageNumber="43">J.M. Ferguson</collectorName>
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,
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<specimenCount box="[928,960,1421,1446]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount box="[973,1005,1421,1445]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="female">7♀</specimenCount>
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(reared) (
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<collectionCode box="[1115,1184,1422,1446]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15761" name="Western Kentucky University" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="Herbarium">WKU</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111175314" collectingDate="2000-04-02" collectionCode="WKU" collectorName="S. A. Grubbs" location="Ferguson" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<date box="[1202,1341,1422,1446]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" value="2000-04-02">
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<collectingDate box="[1202,1341,1422,1446]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" value="2000-04-02">2 April 2000</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName pageId="4" pageNumber="43">S. A. Grubbs</collectorName>
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and J.M.
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0380FE17FF8CFFE7FC3BB5273553FA8E:8EF619DAFF8CFFE4FC16B4EF3438FA27" box="[998,1106,1457,1481]" name="Ferguson" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Ferguson</location>
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,
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<specimenCount box="[1115,1146,1456,1481]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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, (reared) (
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<collectionCode box="[1260,1328,1457,1481]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15761" name="Western Kentucky University" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="Herbarium">WKU</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111175337" collectingDate="2001-03-04" collectingDateMax="2001-03-19" collectingDateMin="2001-03-04" collectionCode="WKU, BYU" collectorName="S. A. Grubbs" location="Ferguson" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="23" specimenCount-female="12" specimenCount-male="11" typeStatus="paratype">
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same but
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<date box="[852,1038,1491,1515]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" value="2001-03-04" valueMax="2001-03-19" valueMin="2001-03-04">
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<collectingDate box="[852,1038,1491,1515]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" value="2001-03-04" valueMax="2001-03-19" valueMin="2001-03-04">4‐19 March 2001</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName box="[1047,1188,1491,1515]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">S. A. Grubbs</collectorName>
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and J.M.
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0380FE17FF8CFFE7FC3BB5273553FA8E:8EF619DAFF8CFFE4FAFBB48A351DFA02" box="[1291,1399,1492,1516]" name="Ferguson" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Ferguson</location>
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,
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<specimenCount box="[809,853,1525,1550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="male">11♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount box="[865,909,1525,1550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="female">12♀</specimenCount>
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(reared) (
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<collectionCode box="[1017,1085,1526,1550]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15761" name="Western Kentucky University" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="Herbarium">WKU</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[1093,1149,1526,1550]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0am8-rdhc" name="Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="University or college">BYU</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111175336" collectingDate="2003-02-15" collectionCode="WKU" collectorName="S. A. Grubbs" location="Ferguson" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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same but
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<date pageId="4" pageNumber="43" value="2003-02-15">
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<collectingDate pageId="4" pageNumber="43" value="2003-02-15">15 February 2003</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName box="[877,1029,1560,1584]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">S. A. Grubbs</collectorName>
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and J.M.
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0380FE17FF8CFFE7FC3BB5273553FA8E:8EF619DAFF8CFFE4FB8DB7473480F9DF" box="[1149,1258,1561,1585]" name="Ferguson" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Ferguson</location>
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,
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<specimenCount box="[1273,1305,1560,1584]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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(
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<collectionCode box="[1323,1392,1560,1584]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15761" name="Western Kentucky University" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="Herbarium">WKU</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111175354" box="[809,1400,1594,1619]" collectingDate="2003-02-27" collectionCode="WKU" location="Grubbs" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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same but
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<date box="[917,1113,1595,1619]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" value="2003-02-27">
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<collectingDate box="[917,1113,1595,1619]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" value="2003-02-27">27 February 2003</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, S. A.
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0380FE17FF8CFFE7FC3BB5273553FA8E:8EF619DAFF8CFFE4FB6CB7653499F9BD" box="[1180,1267,1595,1619]" name="Grubbs" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Grubbs</location>
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,
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<specimenCount box="[1277,1309,1594,1619]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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(
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<collectionCode box="[1323,1392,1595,1619]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15761" name="Western Kentucky University" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="Herbarium">WKU</collectionCode>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3111175342" box="[809,1386,1629,1653]" collectingDate="2004-02-20" collectionCode="WKU" location="Butler" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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same but
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<date box="[919,1117,1629,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" value="2004-02-20">
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<collectingDate box="[919,1117,1629,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" value="2004-02-20">20 February 2004</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, J.M.
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0380FE17FF8CFFE7FC3BB5273553FA8E:8EF619DAFF8CFFE4FB6CB703348EF99B" box="[1180,1252,1629,1653]" name="Butler" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Butler</location>
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||
,
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<specimenCount box="[1263,1295,1629,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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(
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<collectionCode box="[1309,1378,1629,1653]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15761" name="Western Kentucky University" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" type="Herbarium">WKU</collectionCode>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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;
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,876,1664,1688]" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">Male.</emphasis>
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Forewing length 7.0–7.5 mm; body length 6.0– 6.5 mm. Body color, wings, absence of gills, cerci, hypoproct, and epiproct (Fig. 32) as in
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<taxonomicName authorityName=": Zwick" authorityYear="1973" box="[1251,1397,1733,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vallicularia">
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<emphasis box="[1251,1397,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="43">S. vallicularia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Paraproct with two lobes; inner lobes small, narrow, and lightly sclerotized; outer lobes enlarged, darkly sclerotized and robust, broadest at base, narrowed noticeably at distal third, both inner and outer portions concave; apical portion constricted toward concave tip, inner and outer shoulders rounded, with outer shoulder raised slightly above inner shoulder (Figs. 33–35).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4754601" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4754601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4754601/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" startId="5.[184,234,1684,1708]" targetBox="[481,1166,355,1570]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[184,1404,1684,1915]" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
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Figs. 10−18.
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<taxonomicName authorityName=": Zwick" authorityYear="1973" box="[345,570,1684,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vallicularia">
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<emphasis box="[345,570,1684,1708]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Soyedina vallicularia</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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. 10−12. MD: Allegany Co., tributary to Trading Run. 10. Male, SEM micrograph, dorsal view of epiproct (350x). 11. Male, SEM micrograph, lateral view of left paraproct (200x). 12. Male, lateral view of left paraproct. 13−15. WV: Logan Co., Frogtown Hollow of Copperas Mine Fork. 13. Male, SEM micrograph, dorsal view of epiproct (350x). 14. Male, SEM micrograph, lateral view of left paraproct (200x). 15. Male, lateral view of left paraproct. 16−18. KY: Green Co., spring into Little Brush Creek. 16. Male, SEM micrograph, dorsal view of epiproct (350x). 17. Male, SEM micrograph, lateral view of left paraproct (200x). 18. Male, lateral view of left paraproct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4754603" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4754603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4754603/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" startId="6.[184,234,1699,1723]" targetBox="[483,1178,361,1573]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[184,1404,1699,1930]" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Figs. 19−27.
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName=": Zwick" authorityYear="1973" box="[333,554,1699,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vallicularia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[333,554,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="45">Soyedina vallicularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
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. 19−21. KY: Adair Co., Spout Spring Branch, Green River. 19. Male, SEM micrograph, dorsal view of epiproct (350x). 20. Male, SEM micrograph, lateral view of left paraproct (200x). 21. Male, lateral view of left paraproct. 22−24. OH: Ashland Co., seep into Clear Fork Mohican River. 22. Male, SEM micrograph, dorsal view of epiproct (350x). 23. Male, SEM micrograph, lateral view of right paraproct (200x). 24. Male, lateral view of left paraproct. 25−27. VA: Wythe Co., East Fork, Stony River. 25. Male, SEM micrograph, dorsal view of epiproct (350x). 26. Male, SEM micrograph, lateral view of left paraproct (200x). 27. Male, lateral view of left paraproct.
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[184,773,315,1964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
|
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[184,276,419,443]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Female.</emphasis>
|
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Forewing length 7.5–9.0 mm; body length 6.0–8.0 mm. Body, leg, and wing coloration similar to male. Subgenital plate well‐ developed; base broad, extending from posterior of seventh sternum entirely over eighth sternum and approximately ¼ over ninth sternum; apical portion darker than basal portion and ending in broadly‐ round tip (Fig. 36).
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
|
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<paragraph blockId="7.[184,773,315,1964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[184,309,661,685]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grubbs" authorityYear="2006" box="[320,509,661,685]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calcarea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[320,509,661,685]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Soyedina calcarea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is differentiated from both
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grubbs" authorityYear="2006" box="[244,381,696,720]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexandria">
|
||
<emphasis box="[244,381,696,720]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S. alexandria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Zwick" authorityYear="1973" box="[441,587,696,720]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vallicularia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[441,587,696,720]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S. vallicularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the shape of the outer paraproctal lobe. The compact, robust paraproct with the concave tip of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grubbs" authorityYear="2006" box="[567,676,765,789]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calcarea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[567,676,765,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S. calcarea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily distinguished from the narrow, flask‐ like paraproct of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Zwick" authorityYear="1973" box="[212,357,834,858]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vallicularia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[212,357,834,858]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S. vallicularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The combination of the concave tip and the noticeably concave inner and outer margins of the paraproct of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grubbs" authorityYear="2006" box="[442,562,903,927]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calcarea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[442,562,903,927]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S. calcarea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also readily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grubbs" authorityYear="2006" box="[414,552,938,962]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexandria">
|
||
<emphasis box="[414,552,938,962]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S. alexandria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. With
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grubbs" authorityYear="2006" box="[633,772,938,962]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexandria">
|
||
<emphasis box="[633,772,938,962]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S. alexandria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the paraproct lobe is only faintly concave along both the inner and outer margins and the tip is straight or slightly convex. In addition, the epiproct and female subgenital plate of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grubbs" authorityYear="2006" box="[394,502,1076,1100]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calcarea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[394,502,1076,1100]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S. calcarea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grubbs" authorityYear="2006" box="[246,383,1110,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexandria">
|
||
<emphasis box="[246,383,1110,1134]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S. alexandria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Zwick" authorityYear="1973" box="[440,585,1110,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vallicularia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[440,585,1110,1134]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S. vallicularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[184,773,315,1964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[184,295,1145,1169]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The highly asymmetrical and scaly epiproct, with the distinctive inner structure, is shared only by
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grubbs" authorityYear="2006" box="[386,531,1214,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexandria">
|
||
<emphasis box="[386,531,1214,1238]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S. alexandria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grubbs" authorityYear="2006" box="[552,671,1214,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calcarea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[552,671,1214,1238]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S. calcarea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Zwick" authorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vallicularia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[751,765,1215,1238]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[184,302,1249,1273]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">vallicularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and easily separates these three species from the remaining eastern Nearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[594,772,1284,1308]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[594,688,1284,1308]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Soyedina</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Claassen" authorityYear="1923" box="[192,354,1318,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Nemoura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carolinensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[192,354,1318,1342]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S. carolinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baumann & Grubbs" authorityYear="1996" box="[377,533,1318,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kondratieffi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[377,533,1318,1342]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S. kondratieffi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Baumann & Grubbs" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[556,675,1319,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merritti">
|
||
<emphasis box="[556,675,1319,1342]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S. merritti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Claassen" baseAuthorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="washingtoni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[751,765,1319,1342]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[184,313,1353,1377]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">washingtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The latter four species are distributed mainly in the Appalachian Mountains.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Zwick" authorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vallicularia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Soyedina vallicularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed broadly, as (1) throughout the northern Great Lakes region east to
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[648,720,1456,1480]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Maine</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[184,340,1491,1515]" country="Canada" name="Nova Scotia" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Nova Scotia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, (2) at lower elevations in the Appalachian Mountains, and (3) within the lower
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[184,241,1560,1584]" country="United States of America" name="Ohio" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Ohio</collectingRegion>
|
||
River Basin and one location in the lower Cumberland River Basin in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[496,613,1595,1618]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Grubbs, S. A." box="[625,768,1594,1619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" pagination="71 - 84" refId="ref5965" refString="Grubbs, S. A. 1997. New records, zoogeographic notes, and a revised checklist of stoneflies (Plecoptera) from Maryland. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 123: 71 - 84." type="journal article" year="1997">Grubbs 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stark, B. P. & R. W. Baumann" box="[184,443,1629,1653]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" refId="ref6270" refString="Stark, B. P. & R. W. Baumann. 2005. North American stonefly (Plecoptera) complete list. Updated as of March 30, 2005. URL address http: // mlbean. byu. edu / plecoptera / list. asp." type="url" year="2005">Stark & Baumann 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and (4)
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Heimdal, D. P. & R. E. DeWalt & T. F. Wilton" box="[544,772,1629,1653]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" pagination="761 - 778" refId="ref6033" refString="Heimdal, D. P., R. E. DeWalt, & T. F. Wilton. 2004. Annotated checklist of the stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Iowa. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington,. 106: 761 - 778." type="journal article" year="2004">Heimdal et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided the first record west of the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[643,772,1663,1687]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
River in eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[387,447,1698,1721]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Iowa</collectingRegion>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus box="[517,568,1698,1722]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and sole known locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grubbs" authorityYear="2006" box="[301,411,1733,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calcarea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[301,411,1733,1757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S. calcarea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs within the southwestern portion of the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Zwick" authorityYear="1973" box="[511,655,1767,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vallicularia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[511,525,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[537,655,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">vallicularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while the known localities of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grubbs" authorityYear="2006" box="[428,571,1802,1826]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alexandria">
|
||
<emphasis box="[428,571,1802,1826]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S. alexandria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
overlap with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Zwick" authorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vallicularia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S. vallicularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only in central
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[480,601,1837,1860]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[184,773,315,1964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[184,318,1871,1895]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet is in reference to the well‐ developed calcareous limestone bedrock in the central
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[269,379,1940,1964]" country="United States of America" name="Kentucky" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Kentucky</collectingRegion>
|
||
karst region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[809,1404,315,1376]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[809,907,315,339]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[968,1078,316,340]" country="United States of America" name="Kentucky" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Kentucky</collectingRegion>
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1087,1138,316,340]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (
|
||
<quantity box="[1246,1317,315,339]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="195.0">195 m</quantity>
|
||
A.S.L.) emanates on a sandstone ridge and flows
|
||
<quantity box="[1285,1339,350,374]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</quantity>
|
||
as an intermittent reach before dropping over a hollowed cliff. The stream continues intermittently before two small springs provide perennial surface flow for approximately
|
||
<specimenCount box="[981,1041,489,513]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity box="[981,1036,489,513]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
Downstream of the spring reach the stream sinks through fractured limestone into a subterranean fluvial network.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grubbs" authorityYear="2006" box="[1148,1329,557,581]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calcarea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1148,1329,557,581]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Soyedina calcarea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults have been collected only from the spring reach. Other stonefly species collected with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grubbs" authorityYear="2006" box="[1177,1291,627,651]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calcarea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1177,1191,627,650]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1208,1291,627,651]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">calcarea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[809,860,662,686]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality were
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Claassen)" baseAuthorityName="Claassen" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[1069,1399,661,685]" class="Insecta" family="Capniidae" genus="Allocapnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="recta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1069,1256,661,685]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Allocapnia recta</emphasis>
|
||
(Claassen)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Ricker)" baseAuthorityName="Ricker" baseAuthorityYear="1952" box="[809,1207,696,720]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Amphinemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varshava">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,1084,696,720]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Amphinemura varshava</emphasis>
|
||
(Ricker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Newman)" baseAuthorityName="Newman" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Clioperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clio">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1242,1403,696,720]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Clioperla clio</emphasis>
|
||
(Newman)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Stark and Gaufin" authorityName="Stark and Gaufin" box="[956,1399,730,754]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" genus="Diploperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[956,1162,730,754]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Diploperla robusta</emphasis>
|
||
Stark and Gaufin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="James" authorityName="James" authorityYear="1974" box="[809,1021,765,789]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Leuctra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,939,765,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Leuctra alta</emphasis>
|
||
James
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Claassen" authorityName="Claassen" authorityYear="1923" box="[1037,1251,765,789]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Leuctra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibleyi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1037,1137,765,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">L. sibleyi</emphasis>
|
||
Claassen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Pictet)" baseAuthorityName="Pictet" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Leuctra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1268,1289,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">L.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1339,1404,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">tenuis</emphasis>
|
||
(Pictet)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Claassen)" baseAuthorityName="Claassen" baseAuthorityYear="1923" box="[953,1290,799,823]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Ostrocerca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[953,1163,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Ostrocerca truncata</emphasis>
|
||
(Claassen)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[809,1404,315,1376]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">
|
||
The adult flight period of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grubbs" authorityYear="2006" box="[1192,1313,834,858]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calcarea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1192,1313,834,858]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S. calcarea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[809,919,868,892]" country="United States of America" name="Kentucky" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Kentucky</collectingRegion>
|
||
<typeStatus box="[939,990,869,893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality occurred between mid‐ February and early April. Early‐ instar nymphs appeared by May after no apparent egg diapause and grew continuously through summer and autumn (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[817,894,1007,1031]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[184,223,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[353,1218,329,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-55@9.[316,1270,307,1778]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 37. Size frequency histograms of head capsule width for Soyedina calcarea from the Kentucky type locality. A: May 2002 – April 2003; B: May 2003 – April 2004. Numbers on top give number of specimens per month; n = 2300 nymphs total across the two‐year sampling period. Vertical arrows refer to adult flight period." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4754607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4754607/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
). Nymphal growth increased through winter prior to emergence. The growth pattern displayed was similar to the univoltine‐ slow cycles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hynes, H. B. N." pageId="7" pageNumber="46" pagination="344 - 388" refId="ref6119" refString="Hynes, H. B. N. 1961. The invertebrate fauna of a Welsh mountain stream. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, 57: 344 - 388." type="journal article" year="1961">Hynes 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) displayed by
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Zwick" authorityYear="1973" box="[1032,1179,1110,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vallicularia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1032,1179,1110,1134]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S. vallicularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1216,1304,1110,1134]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Harper, P. P." pageId="7" pageNumber="46" pagination="309 - 356" refId="ref6004" refString="Harper, P. P. 1973. Life histories of Nemouridae and Leuctridae in southern Ontario (Plecoptera). Hydrobiologia, 41: 309 - 356." type="journal article" year="1973">Harper 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[947,1033,1145,1169]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">Quebec</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mackay, R. J." box="[1058,1223,1145,1169]" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" pagination="1157 - 1183" refId="ref6173" refString="Mackay, R. J. 1969. Aquatic insect communities of a small stream on Mont. St. Hillaire, Quebec. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 26: 1157 - 1183." type="journal article" year="1969">Mackay 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both studies revealed that early‐ instar nymphs appeared shortly after adult emergence, suggesting a direct development of eggs similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Grubbs" authorityYear="2006" box="[1159,1266,1248,1272]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" genus="Soyedina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calcarea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1159,1266,1248,1272]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="46">S. calcarea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The similar growth patterns displayed by the two species, despite the disparate latitudinal settings, are not surprising because the two taxa are likely sibling species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |