425 lines
52 KiB
XML
425 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="2B70CBAA8F70FC8D225BD406751830CD" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3630.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="722bb716-c2f4-409b-9cd0-cec092bba57e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="219108" ID-ZooBank="E4E234A4-50EA-4B03-BA2C-6BF031207E9D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460584140695" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Glaw, Frank, Kucharzewski, Christoph, Köhler, Jörn, Vences, Miguel & Nagy, Zoltán T." docDate="2013" docId="2D3D2861FF84C0774ED598BECFA7FD94" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03630p332.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3630 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Madagascarophis fuchsi Glaw, Kucharzewski, Köhler, Vences & Nagy, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="328" masterDocId="D1045019FF83C07C4E42992ACB44FF89" masterDocTitle="Resolving an enigma by integrative taxonomy: Madagascarophis fuchsi (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae), a new opisthoglyphous and microendemic snake from northern Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="332" masterPageNumber="317" pageNumber="324" updateTime="1698324795303" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="26AF139F9E921000FCF260F5078DE122" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BEB50BC9B4FB7BF2AE9ABDE593693A62">
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<mods:title id="50A05D974AB5765A993C01AA684AEDF0">Resolving an enigma by integrative taxonomy: Madagascarophis fuchsi (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae), a new opisthoglyphous and microendemic snake from northern Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="91477D5F27557D25AC59DF5925BFA334">Glaw, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="42BC7235742AF6321BB0EBC50CB7365C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="73A777B4C2A80D1316A541584767E628">Kucharzewski, Christoph</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="830515303945BDF62F28EF730E788693">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E242F7630DED7C693E080CBECADF87A7">Köhler, Jörn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7B8E6668A8A7F17B02CC89D6035098D9">Vences, Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8AC27E659F22488A0A1540E8DAB3B21C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CF88848328BED88FFCCF91D1FA3E1D36">Nagy, Zoltán T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7253AEC9BFB3F2BBDDC37D7BFD50E582">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5A64E5F2C9B34D80F3C23AEBAB68273A">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E5271A24884C474803EA058B6256A719" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="63CF5834BCC37DCA786254E8D91B13D8">3630</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="09611D29127B77503F627257E2F50449">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5EF5ABA91ACC96218044E981D0294FAF" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3630.2.7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2D3D2861FF84C0774ED598BECFA7FD94" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6146608" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119564173" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6146608" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2D3D2861FF84C0774ED598BECFA7FD94" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D3D2861FF84C0774ED598BECFA7FD94" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="328" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">
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<subSubSection id="ED8ECAFCFF84C07B4ED598BEC960FE24" box="[151,548,403,430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A52B9977FF84C07B4ED598BEC960FE24" blockId="7.[151,548,403,430]" box="[151,548,403,430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">
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<heading id="FE632E1BFF84C07B4ED598BEC960FE24" bold="true" box="[151,548,403,430]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="97E04565FF84C07B4ED598BEC960FE24" bold="true" box="[151,548,403,430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">
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<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF84C07B4ED598BECA84FE27" box="[151,448,404,430]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuchsi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="97E04565FF84C07B4ED598BECA84FE27" bold="true" box="[151,448,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">Madagascarophis fuchsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CD3F81EFF84C07B4F8598B9C960FE24" box="[455,548,403,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ED8ECAFCFF84C07B4ED598F1C9DCFD67" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="A52B9977FF84C07B4ED598F1CE21FDB3" blockId="7.[151,1437,474,2024]" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">
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<typeStatus id="7A2F27D5FF84C07B4ED598F1CA40FE7A" box="[151,260,475,499]" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" type="holotype">
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<emphasis id="97E04565FF84C07B4ED598F1CA40FE7A" bold="true" box="[151,260,475,499]" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">Holotype</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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. ZSM 2130/2007 (field number FGZC 1152;
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<figureCitation id="3DAF85F2FF84C07B4D4898F0C812FE7B" box="[778,854,474,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,249,1969,1992]" captionTargetBox="[172,1407,519,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,484,1947]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Head drawings of Madagascarophis fuchsi sp. nov. (holotype, ZSM 2130 / 2007). (A) Lateral view; (B) dorsal view. Drawings by Ruth Kühbandner." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219112/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="3DAF85F2FF84C07B4DCC98F0C8D9FE7B" box="[910,925,474,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. (A) Holotype of Madagascarophis fuchsi sp. nov. in life (ZSM 2130 / 2007). (B) Madagascarophis colubrinus septentrionalis from Windsor Castle (ZSM 2212 / 2007) in life, representing a typical color morph of the northernmost populations." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219113/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">5</figureCitation>
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), adult female, collected close to the remains of the French Fort, Montagne des Français (
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<geoCoordinate id="C0A0FFB0FF84C07B4CD998D4C866FD9F" box="[667,802,510,534]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" precision="15" value="-12.326111">12°19‘34“S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="C0A0FFB0FF84C07B4D7398D4C8FEFD9F" box="[817,954,510,534]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" precision="15" value="49.33583">49°20‘09“E</geoCoordinate>
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, ca.
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<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4DB198D4CF79FD9F" box="[1011,1085,510,534]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
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above sea level), Antsiranana province, northern
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<collectingCountry id="DD83D9E7FF84C07B4F2E9B08CAB1FDB3" box="[364,501,546,570]" name="Madagascar" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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, on
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<date id="D12ABFB7FF84C07B4C669B08C9AAFDB3" box="[548,750,546,570]" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" value="2007-02-27">27 February 2007</date>
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, by F. Glaw, J. Köhler, H. Enting, P. Bora, and A. Knoll.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A52B9977FF84C07B4E859B6DC9DCFD67" blockId="7.[151,1437,474,2024]" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">
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<typeStatus id="7A2F27D5FF84C07B4E859B6DCA7BFDD6" box="[199,319,583,607]" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" type="paratype">
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<emphasis id="97E04565FF84C07B4E859B6DCA7BFDD6" bold="true" box="[199,319,583,607]" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">Paratypes</emphasis>
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</typeStatus>
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. ZSM 1620/2008 (MgF 0 61, FGZC 1737), adult female, collected at Montagne des Français, Antsiranana province, northern
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<collectingCountry id="DD83D9E7FF84C07B4C4D9B40C9D2FD0B" box="[527,662,618,642]" name="Madagascar" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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(ca.
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||
<geoCoordinate id="C0A0FFB0FF84C07B4C999B40C87CFD0B" box="[731,824,618,642]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" precision="925" value="-12.316667">12°19‘S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="C0A0FFB0FF84C07B4D099B40C8EEFD0B" box="[843,938,618,642]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" precision="925" value="49.333332">49°20‘E</geoCoordinate>
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), at an uncertain date but most probably between
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<date id="D12ABFB7FF84C07B4EBC9BA4CAEAFD2F" box="[254,430,654,678]" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" value="2005" valueMax="2007">2005 and 2007</date>
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, by the team of Frontiers
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<collectingCountry id="DD83D9E7FF84C07B4C9D9BA4C822FD2F" box="[735,870,654,678]" name="Madagascar" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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; ZMA 19623 (FGMV 2002.3093), adult female, collected at Montagne des Français, Antsiranana province, northern
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<collectingCountry id="DD83D9E7FF84C07B4DD39B98CF5EFD43" box="[913,1050,690,714]" name="Madagascar" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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, on
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<date id="D12ABFB7FF84C07B4A0A9B98CE54FD43" box="[1096,1296,690,714]" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" value="2003-02-20">20 February 2003</date>
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, by F. Glaw, R. D. Randrianiaina and A. Razafimanantsoa.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="ED8ECAFCFF84C07B4E859BD0CF99FB6F" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="A52B9977FF84C07B4E859BD0CF99FB6F" blockId="7.[151,1437,474,2024]" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">
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<emphasis id="97E04565FF84C07B4E859BD0CA7EFC9A" bold="true" box="[199,314,762,787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. The new species is characterized by the combination of the following characters: Relatively low number of midbody scale rows (25), relatively low number of ventral scales (171–172), a low ratio of ventrals/ subcaudals (2.38–2.61), a posterior part of the tail that is almost entirely black dorsally, and a relative high number of scales (13–16) bordering the parietals (temporals + occipital scales, without circumoculars and frontal).
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<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF84C07B4ED59AA1CAE9FC2A" box="[151,429,907,931]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuchsi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="97E04565FF84C07B4ED59AA1CAE9FC2A" box="[151,429,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">Madagascarophis fuchsi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CD3F81EFF84C07B4FF59AA1C957FC2A" box="[439,531,907,931]" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="97E04565FF84C07B4FF59AA1C957FC2A" bold="true" box="[439,531,907,931]" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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differs from all other species of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF84C07B4A4E9AA1CF91FC2A" box="[1036,1237,907,931]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="97E04565FF84C07B4A4E9AA1CF91FC2A" box="[1036,1237,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">Madagascarophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by (1) the broad contact between the posterior inframaxillaries (genials) which in all other examined
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<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF84C07B4A149A84CE5BFC4F" box="[1110,1311,942,966]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="97E04565FF84C07B4A149A84CE5BFC4F" box="[1110,1311,942,966]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">Madagascarophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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specimens are separated by inserted gulars, and (2) by the lowest number of ventral scales within the genus (171–172 vs.
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<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4ED59ADCCA5EFB87" box="[151,282,1014,1038]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9784" metricValueMax="5.3086" metricValueMin="4.6482" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="in" value="196.0" valueMax="209.0" valueMin="183.0">183–209 in</quantity>
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<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF84C07B4F669AD2CA82FB87" box="[292,454,1014,1039]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colubrinus">
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<emphasis id="97E04565FF84C07B4F669AD2CA82FB87" box="[292,454,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">M. colubrinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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including
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<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF84C07B4C049AD2C9A0FB87" box="[582,740,1015,1039]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="colubrinus" subSpecies="citrinus">
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<emphasis id="97E04565FF84C07B4C049AD2C9A0FB87" box="[582,740,1015,1039]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">M. c. citrinus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4CB79ADCC83CFB87" box="[757,888,1014,1038]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4483" metricValueMax="5.6896" metricValueMin="5.207" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="in" value="214.5" valueMax="224.0" valueMin="205.0">205–224 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF84C07B4DC19AD2CF55FB87" box="[899,1041,1014,1039]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
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<emphasis id="97E04565FF84C07B4DC19AD2CF55FB87" box="[899,1041,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">M. ocellatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4A159ADCCF9EFB87" box="[1111,1242,1014,1038]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4483" metricValueMax="5.892799999999999" metricValueMin="5.0038" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="in" value="214.5" valueMax="232.0" valueMin="197.0">197–232 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF84C07B4AA79AD2CEDFFB87" box="[1253,1435,1014,1039]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
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<emphasis id="97E04565FF84C07B4AA79AD2CEDFFB87" box="[1253,1435,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">M. meridionalis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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according to Domergue 1987). Furthermore the new species differs from
|
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<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF84C07B4DB09D36CFEDFBBA" box="[1010,1193,1051,1075]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
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<emphasis id="97E04565FF84C07B4DB09D36CFEDFBBA" box="[1010,1193,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">M. meridionalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF84C07B4AA59D36CE31FBBA" box="[1255,1397,1051,1075]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF84C07B4AA59D36CE31FBBA" box="[1255,1397,1051,1075]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">M. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having only 25 dorsal scale rows at midbody vs.
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4D4B9D14C830FBDF" box="[777,884,1086,1110]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" metricValueMax="7.874" metricValueMin="7.366" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="in" value="30.0" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="29.0">29–31 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF84C07B4DC19D6ACF52FBDF" box="[899,1046,1086,1111]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF84C07B4DC19D6ACF52FBDF" box="[899,1046,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">M. ocellatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4A1C9D14CF8EFBDF" box="[1118,1226,1086,1110]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.874" metricValueMax="8.382" metricValueMin="7.366" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="in" value="31.0" valueMax="33.0" valueMin="29.0">29–33 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF84C07B4A9B9D6ACED0FBDF" box="[1241,1428,1086,1111]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF84C07B4A9B9D6ACED0FBDF" box="[1241,1428,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">M. meridionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF84C07B4ED59D49CAEAFBF2" box="[151,430,1123,1147]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuchsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF84C07B4ED59D49CAEAFBF2" box="[151,430,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">Madagascarophis fuchsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the syntopic subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF84C07B4D269D4ECF16FBF2" box="[868,1106,1123,1147]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="colubrinus" subSpecies="septentrionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF84C07B4D269D4ECF16FBF2" box="[868,1106,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">M. c. septentrionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A2F27D5FF84C07B4B459D48CE2DFBF3" box="[1287,1385,1122,1146]" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A2F27D5FF84C07B4ED59DADCBB3FB16" box="[151,247,1159,1183]" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of this taxon, see data in
|
||
<tableCitation id="E816ACCCFF84C07B4C779DACC9CEFB17" box="[565,650,1158,1182]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[125,204,472,493]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparative meristic data of Madagascarophis specimens from northern Madagascar plus M. ocellatus." pageId="7" pageNumber="324">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
) by a lower number of midbody scale rows (25 vs. 27–29) and a distinctly lower number of ventral scales (171–172 vs. 186–200). It furthermore differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF84C07B4A8A9D86CE2CFB4A" box="[1224,1384,1195,1219]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colubrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF84C07B4A8A9D86CE2CFB4A" box="[1224,1384,1195,1219]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">M. colubrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF84C07B4E849DFACA3DFB6F" box="[198,377,1230,1255]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF84C07B4E849DFACA3DFB6F" box="[198,377,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">M. meridionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by substantial genetic differentiation (see Nagy
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF84C07B4DDA9DFAC894FB6F" box="[920,976,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007, 2012 and
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DAF85F2FF84C07B4AC99DE4CF88FB6F" box="[1163,1228,1230,1254]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1799,1822]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,222,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1778]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Bayesian tree of representative Madagascarophis samples, based on 2197 nucleotide positions of two mitochondrial (16 S rRNA, cytochrome b) and one nuclear gene (c- mos). Bayesian posterior probabilities are given above branches, parsimony bootstrap values below branches. (B) Median-joining haplotype network of c- mos sequences. Circles represent haplotypes, short lines crossing indicate nucleotide substitutions (no heterozygous sequences were observed in the cmos data set)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219109/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ED8ECAFCFF84C0774E859DD8CBBAFE26" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="328" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="A52B9977FF84C0744E859DD8CA49FF7E" blockId="7.[151,1437,474,2024]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,431]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF84C07B4E859DD8C953FA82" bold="true" box="[199,535,1266,1291]" pageId="7" pageNumber="324">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A2F27D5FF84C07B4FF29DD9C953FA82" box="[432,535,1267,1291]" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Adult female in good state of preservation. Snout-vent length
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4B479DD8CE2CFA83" box="[1285,1384,1266,1290]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.17" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="417.0">417 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail length
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4EA19C3CCA76FAA7" box="[227,306,1302,1326]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="97.0">97 mm</quantity>
|
||
(18.9% of total length). Head length
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4C919C3CC87DFAA7" box="[723,825,1302,1326]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.31" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="23.1">23.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, largest head width
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4A559C3CCF3AFAA7" box="[1047,1150,1302,1326]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="13.3">13.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Body laterally depressed and head very distinct from neck. Pupil vertically elliptic. Eyes large, horizontal diameter
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4AF49C10CE55FADB" box="[1206,1297,1338,1362]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, larger than distance between anterior margin of eye and posterior edge of nostril (
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4DEE9C74CF4CFAFF" box="[940,1032,1374,1398]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Supralabials 9, not in contact with eye. Infralabials 12, 1st pair in contact behind mental and first 5 infralabials touching anterior inframaxillaries. Rostral broader than high (
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4F8B9C86C965FA4D" box="[457,545,1452,1476]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4C109C86C9EFFA4D" box="[594,683,1452,1476]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and visible from above. Nasal divided below nostril, touching 1st and 2nd supralabial; upper margin of nostril almost touches internasal. Loreal 1, wider than high (
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4AAD9CF9CE03FA62" box="[1263,1351,1491,1515]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4B3B9CF9CB80F998" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) touching 2nd and 3rd supralabial. Circumoculars 9, including 1 large supraocular, 2 preoculars, 3 suboculars and 3 postoculars; upper preocular reaches top of head and touches frontal in one point at left side only. A small additional scale between 3rd and 4th supralabial and circumoculars on right side of head, this scale being not in contact with the loreal. Temporals according to formula 3+3. Upper surface of head with typical "colubrid" scalation consisting of 9 large shields. A pair of internasals (scale length 2.0 mm; suture
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4AFD9FA6CE59F92D" box="[1215,1309,1676,1700]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), a pair of prefrontals (scale length
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4FFA9F9AC950F941" box="[440,532,1712,1736]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; suture
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4C309F9AC994F941" box="[626,720,1712,1736]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
); frontal longer than broad (
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4A5E9F9ACF3CF941" box="[1052,1144,1712,1736]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="6.4">6.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs. 4.0 mm), longer and broader than supraoculars (
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4F8A9FFEC95BF965" box="[456,543,1748,1772]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="6.4">6.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4C0C9FFEC9E0F965" box="[590,676,1748,1772]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="5.6">5.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
/ 4.0 mm vs.
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4D7D9FFEC8D2F965" box="[831,918,1748,1772]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and longer than distance between its anterior margin and posterior margin of rostral (
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4C1E9FD2C9F2F899" box="[604,694,1784,1808]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="6.4">6.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4CA59FD2C807F899" box="[743,835,1784,1808]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
); a pair of parietals (scale length
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF84C07B4A819FD2CE5AF899" box="[1219,1310,1784,1808]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="324" unit="mm" value="6.9">6.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; suture 5.0 mm) which are bordered by 13 scales (temporals + occipital scales, without circumoculars and frontal). Two pairs of inframaxillaries of nearly same length but anterior ones broader. Posterior pair in broad contact with each other and separated by inserted gulars at posterior end only. 4 gulars separating posterior inframaxillaries from first preventral. 3 preventrals and 171 ventrals, cloacal scute divided, subcaudals 72 + terminal spine, mostly divided (exact formula: 1/1+4 [undivided] +24/24+2 [undivided] + 41/41+terminal spine). Ratio ventrals/subcaudals 2.38. Dorsal scales smooth, each with two apical pits along body, in 25-25-19 straight rows (counted at tenth ventral, midbody, and tenth ventral before vent) and homogeneous in size. Dorsocaudal scales smooth each with mostly 2 apical pits along the tail. For detailed dorsal scale row reduction and dorsocaudal scale row reduction see Appendix.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A52B9977FF8BC0744EB59820CAA0FE26" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,431]" pageId="8" pageNumber="325">Dentition: 11 anterior maxillary teeth of nearly same size, followed after a diastema by two distinctly enlarged and grooved fangs. Maxillary bone reaching beyond palatine bone. Some palatine teeth enormously enlarged, larger than corresponding maxillary teeth. 6+13 mandibular teeth. Beside the small and indistinct anteriormost tooth the anterior 6 are distinctly enlarged (the 3rd – 5th largest) followed by 13 smaller teeth gradually decreasing in size posteriorly.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F1EBC9FFFF8BC0744ED59E9BC952F86C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219112/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="325" targetBox="[172,1407,519,1921]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="A52B9977FF8BC0744ED59E9BC952F86C" blockId="8.[151,1436,1969,2021]" pageId="8" pageNumber="325">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF8BC0744ED59E9BCA51F84F" bold="true" box="[151,277,1969,1992]" pageId="8" pageNumber="325">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Head drawings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF8BC0744FA39E9BC999F84E" box="[481,733,1969,1991]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuchsi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF8BC0744FA39E9BC999F84E" box="[481,733,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="325">Madagascarophis fuchsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CD3F81EFF8BC0744CA79E98C87CF84E" box="[741,824,1970,1991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="325" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF8BC0744CA79E98C87CF84E" bold="true" box="[741,824,1970,1991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="325">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(holotype, ZSM 2130/2007). (A) Lateral view; (B) dorsal view. Drawings by Ruth Kühbandner.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F1EBC9FFFF8AC0754ED59EB9CA50F86E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219113/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="326" targetBox="[151,1435,193,1918]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="A52B9977FF8AC0754ED59EB9CA50F86E" blockId="9.[151,1436,1939,2023]" pageId="9" pageNumber="326">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF8AC0754ED59EB9CA51F820" bold="true" box="[151,277,1939,1962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="326">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF8AC0754F939EBEC989F823" box="[465,717,1940,1962]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuchsi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF8AC0754F939EBEC989F823" box="[465,717,1940,1962]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="326">Madagascarophis fuchsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8CD3F81EFF8AC0754C949EBEC86DF820" box="[726,809,1940,1961]" pageId="9" pageNumber="326" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF8AC0754C949EBEC86DF820" bold="true" box="[726,809,1940,1961]" pageId="9" pageNumber="326">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in life (ZSM 2130/2007). (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF8AC0754A329EBECA6AF840" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="326" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="colubrinus" subSpecies="septentrionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF8AC0754A329EBECA6AF840" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="326">Madagascarophis colubrinus septentrionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Windsor Castle (ZSM 2212/2007) in life, representing a typical color morph of the northernmost populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A52B9977FF89C0764E8599BDC953FE25" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="10" pageNumber="327">
|
||
Coloration and pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DAF85F2FF89C0764F9099BDC951FF26" box="[466,533,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. (A) Holotype of Madagascarophis fuchsi sp. nov. in life (ZSM 2130 / 2007). (B) Madagascarophis colubrinus septentrionalis from Windsor Castle (ZSM 2212 / 2007) in life, representing a typical color morph of the northernmost populations." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219113/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="327">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
a): Dorsal ground color of head, body and tail in life orange, which faded rapidly in alcohol to a pale cream ground color. Anterior part of head cape slightly darker, with a weakly developed dark postocular stripe. Color of iris in life orange (dark grey in preservative). Body pattern consists of irregular dark bands vertebrally and two rows of irregular shaped dark spots laterally, giving a reticulated appearance in general. Number of vertebral bands ca. 51. Upper row of lateral spots arranged alternating to bands and lower spots correspond to position of vertebral bands. Dorsal color of tail pale with irregular dark spots becoming almost entirely black posteriorly. Ventral surface of head, body and tail uniform pale cream. At posteriormost part of tail some subcaudals with black color.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A52B9977FF89C0764E85989DC80DFB9B" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="10" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF89C0764E85989DCAB1FE59" bold="true" box="[199,501,439,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="327">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A2F27D5FF89C0764F3A9892CAB4FE59" box="[376,496,440,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
ZSM 1620/2008: Adult female in good state of preservation. This
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A2F27D5FF89C0764AA99892CE0FFE59" box="[1259,1355,440,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
differs from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A2F27D5FF89C0764EBD98F6CA25FE7D" box="[255,353,476,500]" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in the following aspects: Snout-vent length
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF89C0764D1598F6C8F3FE7D" box="[855,951,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.38" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="438.0">438 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail length
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF89C0764A7E98F6CFC8FE7D" box="[1084,1164,476,500]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="99.0">99 mm</quantity>
|
||
(18.4% of total length). Tip of tail obtusely rounded, the terminal scale missing. Head length
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF89C0764D9298D5CF7FFD9E" box="[976,1083,511,535]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="24.5">24.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, largest head width
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF89C0764B6F98D5CEDCFD9E" box="[1325,1432,511,535]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="15.2">15.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Horizontal diameter of eye
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF89C0764F899B0EC960FDB5" box="[459,548,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Distance between anterior margin of eye and posterior edge of nostril
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF89C0764B7D9B0ECEDCFDB5" box="[1343,1432,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Supralabials 8; infralabials 11, on right side 11th infralabial reaches slightly beyond posterior margin of last supralabial; first 4 infralabials in contact with anterior inframaxillaries. Rostral wider than high (
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF89C0764AAC9B45CE03FD0E" box="[1262,1351,623,647]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs. 2.0 mm); loreal wider than high (
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF89C0764F9C9BB8C972FD23" box="[478,566,658,682]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF89C0764C219BB8C9F8FD23" box="[611,700,658,682]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
); upper preoculars reach top of head and touch the frontal on both sides; temporals according to formula 2+2 / 2+3. A pair of internasals (scale length
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF89C0764A029B9DCFDDFD46" box="[1088,1177,695,719]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; suture
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF89C0764AAD9B9DCE0DFD46" box="[1263,1353,695,719]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
); a pair of prefrontals (scale length
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF89C0764F919BF0C969FD7B" box="[467,557,730,754]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; suture
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF89C0764CCA9BF0C9A0FD7B" box="[648,740,730,754]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
); frontal longer than broad (
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF89C0764A6A9BF0CFC5FD7B" box="[1064,1153,730,754]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="6.9">6.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF89C0764AF09BF0CE4AFD7B" box="[1202,1294,730,754]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
), longer and broader than supraoculars (
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF89C0764F929BD5C96EFC9E" box="[464,554,767,791]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="6.9">6.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF89C0764C1C9BD5C9F3FC9E" box="[606,695,767,791]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="5.6">5.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
/
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF89C0764C909BD5C86FFC9E" box="[722,811,767,791]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF89C0764D1D9BD5C8FCFC9E" box="[863,952,767,791]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and longer than the distance between its anterior margin and the posterior margin of rostral (
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF89C0764CA29A08C87DFCB3" box="[736,825,802,826]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="6.9">6.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF89C0764D2A9A08C880FCB3" box="[872,964,802,826]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="4.9">4.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
); a pair of parietals (scale length
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF89C0764B7F9A08CEDCFCB3" box="[1341,1432,802,826]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="7.2">7.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; suture
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF89C0764EA79A6DCA7BFCD6" box="[229,319,839,863]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="5.3">5.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) which are bordered by 16 scales (temporals + occipital scales, without postoculars). 3–4 gulars separating posterior inframaxillaries from first preventral. 3 preventrals and 172 ventrals, cloacal scute divided, subcaudals 66 without terminal spine, mostly divided (exact formula: 2/2+3 [undivided] +21/21+2 [undivided] +11/11+9 [undivided] +1/1 +3 [undivided] +14/14). Ratio ventrals/subcaudals 2.61. Dorsal scales in 23-25-18 straight rows (counted at tenth ventral, midbody, and tenth ventral before vent). For detailed dorsal scale row reduction and dorsocaudal scale row reduction see Appendix.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A52B9977FF89C0764E8B9D35C97AFBBE" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2016]" box="[201,574,1055,1079]" pageId="10" pageNumber="327">
|
||
Dentition similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A2F27D5FF89C0764F969D35C97EFBBE" box="[468,570,1055,1079]" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A52B9977FF89C0764E8B9D68CA43FA4B" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="10" pageNumber="327">
|
||
Coloration and pattern (in alcohol) rather different from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A2F27D5FF89C0764D359D68C899FBD3" box="[887,989,1090,1114]" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: Dorsal ground color of body and head grey brown. Sides of head of same color with some light areas on supralabials. A slightly darker postocular stripe present. A dark stripe runs from suture of parietals onto neck, where it contacts a dark “∩” - shaped marking. Ventral surface of head strongly dark pale marbled. Body pattern consists of irregular black bands vertebrally and two rows of irregular shaped dark spots laterally. Number of vertebral bands ca. 44. Upper row of lateral spots arranged alternating to bands and lower spots corresponding to position of vertebral bands. Sometimes elements of pattern connected by thin dark lines giving a netlike appearance. Ventrolaterally dorsal ground color becomes marbled with yellowish ventral color. Ventral ground color yellowish irregularly powdered with dark pigment, the latter being more prominent on anterior and posterior part of venter. Outer edges of ventrals marbled with darker dorsal coloration. Dorsal color of the tail becomes entirely black at the tip. Subcaudals dark grey with only few pale markings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A52B9977FF89C0764E8B9CFACBA5F913" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2016]" pageId="10" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A2F27D5FF89C0764E8B9CFACA6FFA61" box="[201,299,1488,1512]" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
ZMA 19623 was not available for study and the data provided here and in
|
||
<tableCitation id="E816ACCCFF89C0764AC19CE5CF93FA6E" box="[1155,1239,1487,1511]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[125,204,472,493]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparative meristic data of Madagascarophis specimens from northern Madagascar plus M. ocellatus." pageId="10" pageNumber="327">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
are derived from pictures taken by E. Dondorp of the preserved specimen. According to these pictures, the dorsal coloration is yellowish with a moderately regular pattern of dark pigment which is concentrated on the edges of adjacent dorsal scales, forming a reticulated pattern similar to that found in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A2F27D5FF89C0764D219F10C881F9DB" box="[867,965,1594,1618]" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="3DAF85F2FF89C0764D969F10CF5CF9DB" box="[980,1048,1594,1618]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1939,1962]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. (A) Holotype of Madagascarophis fuchsi sp. nov. in life (ZSM 2130 / 2007). (B) Madagascarophis colubrinus septentrionalis from Windsor Castle (ZSM 2212 / 2007) in life, representing a typical color morph of the northernmost populations." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/219113/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="327">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
a). The ventral sides of head, body and tail are uniformly yellow without dark pigments. According to the field notes the dorsal coloration was orange in life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A52B9977FF89C0774E8B9F8CCBBAFE26" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2016]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,541]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="328" pageId="10" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF89C0764E8B9F8CC9A5F936" bold="true" box="[201,737,1702,1727]" pageId="10" pageNumber="327">Habitat, distribution and conservation status</emphasis>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="7A2F27D5FF89C0764D639F8DC8C7F936" box="[801,899,1703,1727]" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was found active early at night during the rainy season in the karstic "tsingy" limestone area of Montagne des Français on the ground in deciduous dry forest. Although our observations are very limited it seems that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF89C0764D729FDAC8DFF88E" box="[816,923,1775,1799]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuchsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF89C0764D729FDAC8DFF88E" box="[816,923,1775,1799]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="327">M. fuchsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be restricted to the tsingy formations whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF89C0764EB99E3ECADEF8A2" box="[251,410,1811,1835]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colubrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF89C0764EB99E3ECADEF8A2" box="[251,410,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="327">M. colubrinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is relatively abundant around and below the limestone karst. Our surveys in 2008 did not reveal any additional
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF89C0764FD39E1DC9E3F8C6" box="[401,679,1847,1871]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuchsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF89C0764FD39E1DC9E3F8C6" box="[401,679,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="327">Madagascarophis fuchsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Montagne des Français and surveys in nearby areas like Foret d'Orangea, Ampombofofo, Windsor Castle,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DD83D9E7FF89C0764CC99E71C982F8FA" box="[651,710,1883,1907]" name="Iceland" pageId="10" pageNumber="327">Nosy</collectingCountry>
|
||
Hara, Foret d'Ambre and Ankarana (D'Cruze
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF89C0764A919E76CE49F8FA" box="[1235,1293,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="327">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007, 2008; Megson
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF89C0764EBA9EAACA75F81E" box="[248,305,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="327">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009; unpublished obs.) did not record this species. All these data indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF89C0764AF79EAACE5AF81E" box="[1205,1310,1919,1943]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuchsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF89C0764AF79EAACE5AF81E" box="[1205,1310,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="327">M. fuchsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be a microendemic species of Montagne des Français or a small region in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DD83D9E7FF89C0764A709E88CFFFF833" box="[1074,1211,1954,1978]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="327">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Unfortunately, our surveys in
|
||
<date id="D12ABFB7FF89C0764F529EEDCAF2F856" box="[272,438,1991,2015]" pageId="10" pageNumber="327" value="2007" valueMax="2008">2007 and 2008</date>
|
||
revealed that the forest of the Montagne de Français is under strong pressure and heavily degraded in almost all areas visited by us despite its recent inclusion in the network of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DD83D9E7FF88C0774A3499BDCFA7FF26" box="[1142,1251,151,175]" name="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="328">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
|
||
nature reserves.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DD83D9E7FF88C0774ED59996CBF2FF5D" box="[151,182,188,212]" name="American Samoa" pageId="11" pageNumber="328">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
in other parts of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DD83D9E7FF88C0774F349996CAB9FF5D" box="[374,509,188,212]" name="Madagascar" pageId="11" pageNumber="328">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
the recent political instability seems to foster the degradation and the rate of forest clearing observed by us in
|
||
<date id="D12ABFB7FF88C0774F9299F5C938FF7E" box="[464,636,223,247]" pageId="11" pageNumber="328" value="2007" valueMax="2008">2007 and 2008</date>
|
||
was clearly much higher than in the period of
|
||
<date id="D12ABFB7FF88C0774ADD99F5CE65FF7E" box="[1183,1313,223,247]" pageId="11" pageNumber="328" value="2000" valueMax="2007">2000–2007</date>
|
||
. Using the same rationale and IUCN criteria as applied during the assessment of Madagascan reptiles for presumably endemic species of Montagne des Français (e. g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF88C0774C269802C815FEC9" box="[612,849,296,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Paroedura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lohatsara">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF88C0774C269802C815FEC9" box="[612,849,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="328">Paroedura lohatsara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) we suggest to classify
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6294E2F4FF88C0774A259802CE38FEC9" box="[1127,1404,296,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Madagascarophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="11" pageNumber="328" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuchsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF88C0774A259802CE38FEC9" box="[1127,1404,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="328">Madagascarophis fuchsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as Critically Endangered, because its Extent of Occurrence is less than
|
||
<quantity id="626C3492FF88C0774DF59865CF4AFEEE" box="[951,1038,335,359]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="328" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
|
||
2, all individuals are from a single location, and there is continuing and serious decline in the extent and quality of its habitat at Montagne des Français.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ED8ECAFCFF88C0774E8B9891CFA7FD94" pageId="11" pageNumber="328" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="A52B9977FF88C0774E8B9891CFA7FD94" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,541]" pageId="11" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<emphasis id="97E04565FF88C0774E8B9891CA0CFE5A" bold="true" box="[201,328,443,467]" pageId="11" pageNumber="328">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The senior author wishes to dedicate this new species to his former colleague and snake specialist Dieter Fuchs in recognition of his long-lasting work (
|
||
<date id="D12ABFB7FF88C0774CB398F5C836FE7E" box="[753,882,479,503]" pageId="11" pageNumber="328" value="1960" valueMax="2007">1960–2007</date>
|
||
) as a technician in the herpetology section of the Zoologische Staatssammlung München, with congratulations and best wishes for his 70th birthday.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |