537 lines
52 KiB
XML
537 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.418.7629" ID-PMC="PMC4104466" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-418-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F034FFA3FFAFFFBEB578C42DD65AFFA2" ID-PubMed="25061358" ID-Zenodo-Dep="578347" ID-ZooBank="D71C8A3DA6CA40A5B3A034A1FD1C16A0" ModsDocID="1313-2970-418-1" checkinTime="1451245725588" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Skvarla, Michael J., Fisher, J. Ray & Dowling, Ashley P. G." docDate="2014" docId="F64F43D9910B503BAFE32B9FCFD199DC" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 418: 1-103" docOrigin="ZooKeys 418" docPubDate="2014-06-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.418.7629" docTitle="Dactyloscirus Den Heyer 1978" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="F034FFA3FFAFFFBEB578C42DD65AFFA2" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="F034FFA3FFAFFFBEB578C42DD65AFFA2" masterDocTitle="A review of Cunaxidae (Acariformes, Trombidiformes): Histories and diagnoses of subfamilies and genera, keys to world species, and some new locality records" masterLastPageNumber="103" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1668158708043" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of Cunaxidae (Acariformes, Trombidiformes): Histories and diagnoses of subfamilies and genera, keys to world species, and some new locality records</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Skvarla, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, 319 AGRI Building, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, J. Ray</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, 319 AGRI Building, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dowling, Ashley P. G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, 319 AGRI Building, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2014-06-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>418</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>103</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.418.7629</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.418.7629</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-418-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D71C8A3DA6CA40A5B3A034A1FD1C16A0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">F034FFA3FFAFFFBEB578C42DD65AFFA2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">578347</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182234983" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F64F43D9910B503BAFE32B9FCFD199DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F64F43D9910B503BAFE32B9FCFD199DC" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName LSID="F64F43D9-910B-503B-AFE3-2B9FCFD199DC" authority="Thor, 1902" authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1978" family="Cunaxidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="family">Cunaxidae Thor, 1902</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="historical review">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Historical review.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<bibRefCitation author="Linnaeus, C" journalOrPublisher="Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis." pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="B183" refString="Linnaeus, C, 1758. . Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I" volume="Tomus I" year="1758">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Linnæus">Linnaeus</normalizedToken>
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(1758)
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</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Acaridae" genus="Acarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Astigmata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">Acarus</pageBreakToken>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and included all mites therein. Hermann separated three mite species with elongated gnathosomas (i.e.,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A.L.Duges" authorityYear="1834" class="Arachnida" family="Bdellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bdellidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thor" authorityYear="1902" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cunaxidae</taxonomicName>
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) from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Acaridae" genus="Acarus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Astigmata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Acarus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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into
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Scirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Actinedida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Scirus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, Hermann died in 1794 and his papers were not published until after his death by his brother-in-law F. L. Hammer in 1804 (as
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<bibRefCitation author="Hermann, JF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="60 - 62" refId="B141" refString="Hermann, JF, 1804. III. Ciron (Scirus). In: Mem. Apterologique.: 60 - 62" title="III. Ciron (Scirus)." volumeTitle="Mem. Apterologique." year="1804">Hermann 1804</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation author="Latreille, PA" journalOrPublisher="Magasin encyclopedique, ou journal des Sciences, des letters et des Arts redige par Millin" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" refId="B166" refString="Latreille, PA, 1795. Observation sur la variete des organs de la boche des Tiques, et distribution methodique des Insectes de cette famille d'apres les characters establish sur la conformation de ces organs. Magasin encyclopedique, ou journal des Sciences, des letters et des Arts redige par Millin vol. 4, 18 pp." title="Observation sur la variete des organs de la boche des Tiques, et distribution methodique des Insectes de cette famille d'apres les characters establish sur la conformation de ces organs." volume="vol. 4" year="1795">Latreille (1795)</bibRefCitation>
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had by then separated the same mites into
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Bdellidae" genus="Bdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bdella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Von Heyden, C" journalOrPublisher="" Isis " von Oken" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="B257" refString="Von Heyden, C, 1826. Versuch einer systematischen Eintheilung der Acariden. "Isis" von Oken 18 (6), 19 pp." title="Versuch einer systematischen Eintheilung der Acariden" volume="18" year="1826">Von Heyden (1826)</bibRefCitation>
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, recognizing that
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Bdellidae" genus="Bdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bdella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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had priority over
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Scirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Actinedida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Scirus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, synonomised
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Scirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Actinedida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Scirus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Bdellidae" genus="Bdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bdella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and erected
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<taxonomicName authorityName="von Heyden" authorityYear="1826" class="Arachnida" family="Bdellidae" genus="Cyta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cyta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Von Heyden" authorityYear="1826" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Cunaxa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cunaxa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, many authors, including
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<bibRefCitation author="Duges, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie et Biologie" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refId="B107" refString="Duges, A, 1834a. Recherches sur l' ordre des Acariens en Generale et la Famille des Trombidies en Particulier. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie et Biologie 2, 42 pp." title="Recherches sur l' ordre des Acariens en Generale et la Famille des Trombidies en Particulier." volume="2" year="1834 a">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Dugés">Duges</normalizedToken>
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(1834a)
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Kramer, P" journalOrPublisher="Tissue and Cell" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" refId="B161" refString="Kramer, P, 1881. Scirus. Arch. Natura., 81:17 pp." title="Scirus. Arch. Natura" year="1881">Kramer (1881</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Banks, N" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society," pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="209 - 222" refId="B12" refString="Banks, N, 1894. New American Acarina. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 21: 209 - 222" title="New American Acarina." volume="21" year="1894">Banks (1894)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation author="Berlese, A" journalOrPublisher="Redia" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="231 - 238" refId="B38" refString="Berlese, A, 1904. Acari Nuovi. Redia 2: 231 - 238" title="Acari Nuovi." volume="2" year="1904">Berlese (1904</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Berlese, A" journalOrPublisher="Redia" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="199 - 201" refId="B39" refString="Berlese, A, 1910. Acari Nuovi. Redia 6: 199 - 201" title="Acari Nuovi." volume="6" year="1910">1910</bibRefCitation>
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), continued to describe new species in
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Scirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Actinedida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Scirus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Duges, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie et Biologie" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refId="B107" refString="Duges, A, 1834a. Recherches sur l' ordre des Acariens en Generale et la Famille des Trombidies en Particulier. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie et Biologie 2, 42 pp." title="Recherches sur l' ordre des Acariens en Generale et la Famille des Trombidies en Particulier." volume="2" year="1834 a">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Dugés">Duges</normalizedToken>
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||
(1834a)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
erected
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A.L.Duges" authorityYear="1834" class="Arachnida" family="Bdellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bdellidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName genus="Bdelloidea" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="genus">Bdelloidea</taxonomicName>
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) for
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Bdellidae" genus="Bdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bdella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Scirus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Actinedida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Scirus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, having apparently not seen Von
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Heyden’s">Heyden's</normalizedToken>
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synonymization of the two genera.
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<bibRefCitation author="Trouessart, E" journalOrPublisher="Revue des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="330 - 331" refId="B249" refString="Trouessart, E, 1892. Considerations generales sur la classification des Acariens, suivies s'un essai de classification nouvelle. Revue des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest 2: 330 - 331" title="Considerations generales sur la classification des Acariens, suivies s'un essai de classification nouvelle." volume="2" year="1892">Trouessart (1892)</bibRefCitation>
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moved
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Von Heyden" authorityYear="1826" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Cunaxa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cunaxa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A.L.Duges" authorityYear="1834" class="Arachnida" family="Bdellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bdellidae</taxonomicName>
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to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="W.E.Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Arachnida" family="Trombidiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Trombidiidae</taxonomicName>
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and erected the subfamily
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scirinae">Scirinae</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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<bibRefCitation author="Oudemans, AC" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="58 - 60" refId="B211" refString="Oudemans, AC, 1902. Classificatie der Acari. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 45: 58 - 60" title="Classificatie der Acari." volume="45" year="1902">Oudemans (1902)</bibRefCitation>
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||
used
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1978" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cunaxinae">Cunaxinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the same sense that
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Trouessart, E" journalOrPublisher="Revue des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="330 - 331" refId="B249" refString="Trouessart, E, 1892. Considerations generales sur la classification des Acariens, suivies s'un essai de classification nouvelle. Revue des Sciences Naturelles de l'Ouest 2: 330 - 331" title="Considerations generales sur la classification des Acariens, suivies s'un essai de classification nouvelle." volume="2" year="1892">Trouessart (1892)</bibRefCitation>
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||
used
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scirinae">Scirinae</taxonomicName>
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, that is for those mites in the family
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<taxonomicName authorityName="A.L.Duges" authorityYear="1834" class="Arachnida" family="Bdellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bdellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dugés">Duges</normalizedToken>
|
||
) that have pedipalps with a curved terminal segment and movable chela only (=
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thor" authorityYear="1902" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cunaxidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sensu</emphasis>
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||
Thor).
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Thor, S" journalOrPublisher="Verhandllungen der kaiserlich-kongiglichen zoologish-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="B245" refString="Thor, S, 1902. Zur Systematik der Acarinenfamilien Bdellidae Koch, 1842, Grube 1859, Eupodidae Koch, 1842 und Cunaxidae Sig Thor, 1902. Verhandllungen der kaiserlich-kongiglichen zoologish-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 159, 165 pp." title="Zur Systematik der Acarinenfamilien Bdellidae Koch, 1842, Grube 1859, Eupodidae Koch, 1842 und Cunaxidae Sig Thor, 1902." volume="159" year="1902">Thor (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thor" authorityYear="1902" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cunaxidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a family separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A.L.Duges" authorityYear="1834" class="Arachnida" family="Bdellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bdellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Oudemans, AC" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" pagination="237 - 270" refId="B212" refString="Oudemans, AC, 1906. Notes on Acari. In: Tijdschrift voor Entomologie.: 237 - 270" title="Notes on Acari." volumeTitle="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie." year="1906">Oudemans (1906)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
disregarded
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Thor, S" journalOrPublisher="Verhandllungen der kaiserlich-kongiglichen zoologish-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="B245" refString="Thor, S, 1902. Zur Systematik der Acarinenfamilien Bdellidae Koch, 1842, Grube 1859, Eupodidae Koch, 1842 und Cunaxidae Sig Thor, 1902. Verhandllungen der kaiserlich-kongiglichen zoologish-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 159, 165 pp." title="Zur Systematik der Acarinenfamilien Bdellidae Koch, 1842, Grube 1859, Eupodidae Koch, 1842 und Cunaxidae Sig Thor, 1902." volume="159" year="1902">
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Thor’s">Thor's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1902)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erection of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thor" authorityYear="1902" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cunaxidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and kept
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1978" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cunaxinae">Cunaxinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subfamily within
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A.L.Duges" authorityYear="1834" class="Arachnida" family="Bdellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bdellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="van der Hammen, L" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="273 - 292" refId="B255" refString="van der Hammen, L, 1972. A revised classification of the mites (Arachnidea, Acarida) with diagnoses, a key, and notes on phylogeny. Zoologische Mededelingen 47: 273 - 292" title="A revised classification of the mites (Arachnidea, Acarida) with diagnoses, a key, and notes on phylogeny." volume="47" year="1972">Van der Hammen (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected the superfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Cunaxoidea" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="genus">Cunaxoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
over
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Bdelloidea" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="genus">Bdelloidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, disregarding the priority of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Bdellidae" genus="Bdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bdella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Latreille, PA" journalOrPublisher="Magasin encyclopedique, ou journal des Sciences, des letters et des Arts redige par Millin" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" refId="B166" refString="Latreille, PA, 1795. Observation sur la variete des organs de la boche des Tiques, et distribution methodique des Insectes de cette famille d'apres les characters establish sur la conformation de ces organs. Magasin encyclopedique, ou journal des Sciences, des letters et des Arts redige par Millin vol. 4, 18 pp." title="Observation sur la variete des organs de la boche des Tiques, et distribution methodique des Insectes de cette famille d'apres les characters establish sur la conformation de ces organs." volume="vol. 4" year="1795">Latreille (1795)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
over
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Von Heyden" authorityYear="1826" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Cunaxa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cunaxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Von Heyden, C" journalOrPublisher="" Isis " von Oken" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="B257" refString="Von Heyden, C, 1826. Versuch einer systematischen Eintheilung der Acariden. "Isis" von Oken 18 (6), 19 pp." title="Versuch einer systematischen Eintheilung der Acariden" volume="18" year="1826">Von Heyden (1826)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Den Heyer, J" journalOrPublisher="Acarologia" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="601 - 618" refId="B74" refString="Den Heyer, J, 1977b. Bonzinae, a new subfamily of the Cunaxidae (Prostigmata: Acari). Acarologia 19 (4): 601 - 618" title="Bonzinae, a new subfamily of the Cunaxidae (Prostigmata: Acari)." volume="19" year="1977 b">Den Heyer (1977b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bonziinae">Bonziinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oudemans" authorityYear="1927" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Bonzia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bonzia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smiley" authorityYear="1975" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Parabonzia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Parabonzia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Den Heyer, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="217 - 239" refId="B76" refString="Den Heyer, J, 1978a. Four new species of Armascirus gen. nov. (Prostigmata: Acari) from the Ethiopian Region. Journal of the Entomological Society of South Africa 41 (2): 217 - 239" title="Four new species of Armascirus gen. nov. (Prostigmata: Acari) from the Ethiopian Region." volume="41" year="1978 a">Den Heyer (1978a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
preserved the name
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1978" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cunaxinae">Cunaxinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but limited its concept to those cunaxids possessing 5-segmented pedipalps which extend past the subcapitulum by at least the distal two segments.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Den Heyer, J" journalOrPublisher="Acarologia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="522 - 541" refId="B77" refString="Den Heyer, J, 1978b. Coleoscirinae, a new cunaxid subfamily and two new South African species of Coleoscirus Berlese, 1916 (Prostigmata: Acari). Acarologia 20 (4): 522 - 541" title="Coleoscirinae, a new cunaxid subfamily and two new South African species of Coleoscirus Berlese, 1916 (Prostigmata: Acari)." volume="20" year="1978 b">Den Heyer (1978b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1978" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Coleoscirinae">Coleoscirinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Den Heyer, J" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the University of the North Series A" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 12" refId="B87" refString="Den Heyer, J, 1980c. A new classification system for the family Cunaxidae (Actinedida: Acarida). Publications of the University of the North Series A 23: 1 - 12" title="A new classification system for the family Cunaxidae (Actinedida: Acarida)." volume="23" year="1980 c">Den Heyer (1980c)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected the monobasic
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scirulinae">Scirulinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and recognized the priority of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Bdelloidea" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="genus">Bdelloidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
over
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Cunaxoidea" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="genus">Cunaxoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bu, G" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="160 - 164" refId="B41" refString="Bu, G, Li, L, 1987a. A new cunaxid subfamily with a new genus and new species of Cunaxidae from Sichuan, China (Acari: Acariformes). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 12 (2): 160 - 164" title="A new cunaxid subfamily with a new genus and new species of Cunaxidae from Sichuan, China (Acari: Acariformes)." volume="12" year="1987 a">Bu and Li (1987a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Orangescirulinae">Orangescirulinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smiley, RL" journalOrPublisher="Indira Publishing House, West Bloomington, Michigan" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" refId="B239" refString="Smiley, RL, 1992. The predatory mite family Cunaxidae (Acari) of the world with a new classification. Indira Publishing House, West Bloomington, Michigan" title="The predatory mite family Cunaxidae (Acari) of the world with a new classification." year="1992">Smiley (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erected
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Denheyernaxoidinae">Denheyernaxoidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Neobonzinae">Neobonzinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Paracunaxoidinae">Paracunaxoidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as monotypic subfamilies and monographed and provided keys to known species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Den Heyer, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B100" refString="Den Heyer, J, Castro, TMMG, 2009. Four new cunaxoidine genera (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) and the description of two new Neotropical species. Zootaxa 2140: 1 - 15" title="Four new cunaxoidine genera (Acari: Prostigmata: Cunaxidae) and the description of two new Neotropical species." volume="2140" year="2009">Den Heyer and Castro (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
moved
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smiley" authorityYear="1992" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Denheyernaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Denheyernaxoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smiley" authorityYear="1992" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Paracunaxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Paracunaxoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1978" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cunaxoidinae">Cunaxoidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, thus disregarding
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Denheyernaxoidinae">Denheyernaxoidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Paracunaxoidinae">Paracunaxoidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as valid subfamilies.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lin, LZ" editor="Zhang, ZQ" journalOrPublisher="Zoosymposia" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 345" refId="B178" refString="Lin, LZ, Zhang, YZ, 2010. Bdelloidea of China: a review of progress on systematics and biology, with a checklist of species. Zoosymposia, 4: 42-50. In: Zhang, ZQ, Hong, XY, Fan, QH, Eds., Xin Jie-Liu Centenary: Progress in Chinese Acarology. Zoosymposia 4: 1 - 345" title="Bdelloidea of China: a review of progress on systematics and biology, with a checklist of species. Zoosymposia, 4: 42 - 50." volume="4" volumeTitle="Xin Jie-Liu Centenary: Progress in Chinese Acarology." year="2010">Lin and Zhang (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a detailed historical review of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thor" authorityYear="1902" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cunaxidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in China and a checklist of species found in that country. Den Heyer (2011) moved
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smiley" authorityYear="1992" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Neobonzia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Neobonzia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1978" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Coleoscirinae">Coleoscirinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, effectively disregarding
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Neobonzinae">Neobonzinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer & de Castro" authorityYear="2008" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Coleobonzia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Actinedida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Coleobonzia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smiley" authorityYear="1992" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Neobonzia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Neobonzia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gnathosoma</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–6" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 6. a. dorsal. b. ventral. 3 3 - segmented pedipalp (Cunaxoidinae) 4 4 - segmented pedipalp (Scirulinae) 5 5 - segmented pedipalp that does not extend beyond the subcapitulum by more than the distal half of the genua (Bonziinae, Coleoscirinae, and Orangescirulinae) 6 5 - segmented pedipalp that reaches beyond the subcapitulum by at least the distal half of the genua (Cunaxinae)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29876" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs 3-6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pedipalps</emphasis>
|
||
3-, 4-, or 5-segmented and end in a strong claw (except in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smiley" authorityYear="1975" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Pseudobonzia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pseudobonzia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). They may be shorter than, equal to, or extend beyond the distal end of the subcapitulum. Femora of 5-segmented pedipalps divided into basi- and telofemora, though may be secondarily fused; a dark line often indicates the previous articulation (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–6" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 6. a. dorsal. b. ventral. 3 3 - segmented pedipalp (Cunaxoidinae) 4 4 - segmented pedipalp (Scirulinae) 5 5 - segmented pedipalp that does not extend beyond the subcapitulum by more than the distal half of the genua (Bonziinae, Coleoscirinae, and Orangescirulinae) 6 5 - segmented pedipalp that reaches beyond the subcapitulum by at least the distal half of the genua (Cunaxinae)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29876" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
illustrate a fully divided femur and
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–6" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 6. a. dorsal. b. ventral. 3 3 - segmented pedipalp (Cunaxoidinae) 4 4 - segmented pedipalp (Scirulinae) 5 5 - segmented pedipalp that does not extend beyond the subcapitulum by more than the distal half of the genua (Bonziinae, Coleoscirinae, and Orangescirulinae) 6 5 - segmented pedipalp that reaches beyond the subcapitulum by at least the distal half of the genua (Cunaxinae)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29876" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
illustrate a secondarily fused femur. This is for illustration purposes only, i.e., cunaxids with long and short 5-segmented pedipalps may have either fully divided or secondarily fused femora). Telofemora and genua are uniquely fused in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer & Castro" authorityYear="2008" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Allocunaxa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Allocunaxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, though the basifemoral/telofemoral articulation is present. Apophyses present or not on the telofemora, adjoining the genua and tibiotarsi, or on the tibiotarsi. Subcapitulum wedge-shaped and may be patterned with random dots or papillae, dots or papillae forming lines, a single row of cells on the posterior edge, or reticulations forming polygonal cells.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Subcapitulum</emphasis>
|
||
with up to 6 pairs of setae are present:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">hg1</emphasis>
|
||
-
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4</emphasis>
|
||
and 2 pairs of adoral setae. Seta
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">hg1</emphasis>
|
||
usually straight, but geniculate in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bonziinae">Bonziinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and may be curved in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1977" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Neoscirula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Neoscirula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">hg4</emphasis>
|
||
often longest pair of subcapitular setae.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chelicerae</emphasis>
|
||
with or without seta near the cheliceral digit.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29876" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="Figures 3–6" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figures 3-6.</emphasis>
|
||
a. dorsal. b. ventral.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3</emphasis>
|
||
3-segmented pedipalp (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1978" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cunaxoidinae">Cunaxoidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4</emphasis>
|
||
4-segmented pedipalp (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scirulinae">Scirulinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5</emphasis>
|
||
5-segmented pedipalp that does not extend beyond the subcapitulum by more than the distal half of the genua (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bonziinae">Bonziinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1978" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Coleoscirinae">Coleoscirinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Orangescirulinae">Orangescirulinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">6</emphasis>
|
||
5-segmented pedipalp that reaches beyond the subcapitulum by at least the distal half of the genua (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1978" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cunaxinae">Cunaxinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">Idiosoma</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, dorsal
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 7. Generalized schematic of cunaxid idiosomal morphology. 7 a Dorsal. 7 b Ventral." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29877" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 7a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Idiosoma diamond-shaped. Dorsal proterosoma covered with a sclerotized shield that bears 2 pairs of setae (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">lps</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">mps</emphasis>
|
||
) and 2 pairs of setose sensilla (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">at</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pt</emphasis>
|
||
); rarely one pair of setae or sensillae absent. Dorsal hysterosoma complemented with 0-2 large shields or plates and 0-4 pairs of platelets. These plates and platelets may capture one or more pairs of setae. Up to 8 pairs of dorsal hysterosomal setae present (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">c1</emphasis>
|
||
-
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">h1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">c2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">f2</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">h2</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">h2</emphasis>
|
||
may occur ventrally. Setae may occur on small platelets that are barely larger than the setal socket. Integument not covered in shields, plates, or platelets is striated. Cupule
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">im</emphasis>
|
||
present, usually laterad and slightly posterior to
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">e1</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal idiosomal shields and plates smooth or patterned with random dots or papillae, dots or papillae forming lines, reticulations forming polygonal cells, or cells which form rows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29877" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 7" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Generalized schematic of cunaxid idiosomal morphology.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">7a</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">7b</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">Idiosoma</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, ventral
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 7. Generalized schematic of cunaxid idiosomal morphology. 7 a Dorsal. 7 b Ventral." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29877" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 7b</figureCitation>
|
||
) Ventral idiosoma may be complemented with 1 or a few small platelets in addition to the coxae.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Coxae</emphasis>
|
||
fused to body and form plates. Coxae I-II are often fused in adults and may coalesce medially to form a sternal shield. Coxae III-IV are often fused in adults and may extend caudally beyond the genital plates. Each coxa complemented with 0-4 setae; in addition, extensive coxae or sternal shields may capture setae normally on the integument and therefore have more. Coxae may be plain or patterned with random dots or papillae, dots or papillae forming lines, or reticulations forming polygonal cells. Genital plates (sometimes called anal valves) present in adults and bear 3 (rarely) or 4 (usually) setae, except in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smiley" authorityYear="1975" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Parabonzia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Parabonzia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which have up to 9 pairs of setae. 2 pairs of genital papillae visible underneath the plates. Anal plates (sometimes called anal valves) bear 1-2 setae (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ps1-2</emphasis>
|
||
). Setae
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ps2</emphasis>
|
||
may occur off the anal plates.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
6-segmented in larvae, 7-segmented in nymphs and adults. In adults these segments are coxa, trochanter, baifemur, telofemur, genu, tibia, and tarsus, however, the coxae are often treated separately from the other leg articles. Femora undivided in larvae. Trichobothrium present on leg tibia IV. Ambulacral claws present on either side of a 4-rayed empodium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="key to subfamilies of cunaxidae">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Key to Subfamilies of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thor" authorityYear="1902" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cunaxidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
(modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smiley, RL" journalOrPublisher="Indira Publishing House, West Bloomington, Michigan" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" refId="B239" refString="Smiley, RL, 1992. The predatory mite family Cunaxidae (Acari) of the world with a new classification. Indira Publishing House, West Bloomington, Michigan" title="The predatory mite family Cunaxidae (Acari) of the world with a new classification." year="1992">Smiley 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<table inLine="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
|
||
Pedipalpal telofemoral multi-branched seta present (except
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Corpuz-Raros" authorityYear="1996" class="Arachnida" family="Cunaxidae" genus="Parabonzia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mindanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Parabonzia mindanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 7. Generalized schematic of cunaxid idiosomal morphology. 7 a Dorsal. 7 b Ventral." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29877" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 7a</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Bonziinae">Bonziinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">Pedipalpal telofemoral multi-branched seta absent</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">2 (1)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
|
||
Pedipalps 3-segmented (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–6" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 6. a. dorsal. b. ventral. 3 3 - segmented pedipalp (Cunaxoidinae) 4 4 - segmented pedipalp (Scirulinae) 5 5 - segmented pedipalp that does not extend beyond the subcapitulum by more than the distal half of the genua (Bonziinae, Coleoscirinae, and Orangescirulinae) 6 5 - segmented pedipalp that reaches beyond the subcapitulum by at least the distal half of the genua (Cunaxinae)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29876" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 3a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1978" lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cunaxoidinae">Cunaxoidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
|
||
Pedipalps 4-segmented (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–6" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 6. a. dorsal. b. ventral. 3 3 - segmented pedipalp (Cunaxoidinae) 4 4 - segmented pedipalp (Scirulinae) 5 5 - segmented pedipalp that does not extend beyond the subcapitulum by more than the distal half of the genua (Bonziinae, Coleoscirinae, and Orangescirulinae) 6 5 - segmented pedipalp that reaches beyond the subcapitulum by at least the distal half of the genua (Cunaxinae)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29876" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 4a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scirulinae">Scirulinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
|
||
Pedipalps 5-segmented (basi-and telofemora may be partially fused) (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–6" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 6. a. dorsal. b. ventral. 3 3 - segmented pedipalp (Cunaxoidinae) 4 4 - segmented pedipalp (Scirulinae) 5 5 - segmented pedipalp that does not extend beyond the subcapitulum by more than the distal half of the genua (Bonziinae, Coleoscirinae, and Orangescirulinae) 6 5 - segmented pedipalp that reaches beyond the subcapitulum by at least the distal half of the genua (Cunaxinae)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29876" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 5a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–6" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 6. a. dorsal. b. ventral. 3 3 - segmented pedipalp (Cunaxoidinae) 4 4 - segmented pedipalp (Scirulinae) 5 5 - segmented pedipalp that does not extend beyond the subcapitulum by more than the distal half of the genua (Bonziinae, Coleoscirinae, and Orangescirulinae) 6 5 - segmented pedipalp that reaches beyond the subcapitulum by at least the distal half of the genua (Cunaxinae)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29876" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">6a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">3 (2)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
|
||
Pedipalps extend beyond the subcapitulum by at most the distal half of the tibiae (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–6" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 6. a. dorsal. b. ventral. 3 3 - segmented pedipalp (Cunaxoidinae) 4 4 - segmented pedipalp (Scirulinae) 5 5 - segmented pedipalp that does not extend beyond the subcapitulum by more than the distal half of the genua (Bonziinae, Coleoscirinae, and Orangescirulinae) 6 5 - segmented pedipalp that reaches beyond the subcapitulum by at least the distal half of the genua (Cunaxinae)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29876" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 5a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
|
||
Pedipalps extend beyond the subcapitulum by at least the distal half of the tibiae (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 3–6" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 3 - 6. a. dorsal. b. ventral. 3 3 - segmented pedipalp (Cunaxoidinae) 4 4 - segmented pedipalp (Scirulinae) 5 5 - segmented pedipalp that does not extend beyond the subcapitulum by more than the distal half of the genua (Bonziinae, Coleoscirinae, and Orangescirulinae) 6 5 - segmented pedipalp that reaches beyond the subcapitulum by at least the distal half of the genua (Cunaxinae)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/29876" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 6a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1978" lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cunaxinae">Cunaxinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">4 (3)</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">Trichobothrium on tibiae IV present; setae hg1 not geniculate; cheliceral seta usually present</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Den Heyer" authorityYear="1978" lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Coleoscirinae">Coleoscirinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
|
||
Trichobothrium on tibiae IV absent; setae
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">hg1</emphasis>
|
||
geniculate; cheliceral seta absent
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Orangescirulinae">Orangescirulinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |