183 lines
23 KiB
XML
183 lines
23 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7D0D1DBF82B2DEEDE985F7C47FDBC89A">New hexactinellid sponges from deep Mediterranean canyons</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B9D872F5C0E91DDE74D7CE3509946E8E">Boury-Esnault, Nicole</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="86EFA00FD635014C17576212638F90CC">Vacelet, Jean</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="783C6D58992B7AE3B9290724D0863F7D">Dubois, Maude</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="882BA80672DD336B89B8B4E52A4C007B">Goujard, Adrien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DB5B610696D62F9D0C8B27E557F0A7CC">Fourt, Maïa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="455058C2641DEA06F71900397CE3F517">Pérez, Thierry</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0E2417EF6F3761D85F935CE261127622">Chevaldonné, Pierre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="79393555B52B9EC8BCBE743692112E4B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="0BC11F64950D5DECB4CAC46A01ECF00B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4236.1.6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="697E87F1FFDFFF8BFF4EAA3191F1FA79" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6045567" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127696705" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6045567" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:697E87F1FFDFFF8BFF4EAA3191F1FA79" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/697E87F1FFDFFF8BFF4EAA3191F1FA79" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">
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<paragraph id="E16836E7FFDFFF8BFF4EAA3190EBFD4F" blockId="6.[151,957,638,664]" box="[151,957,638,664]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">
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<taxonomicName id="26D74D64FFDFFF8BFF4EAA3192D6FD4F" box="[151,384,638,664]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Farreidae" genus="Farrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bowerbanki" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="D3A3EAF5FFDFFF8BFF4EAA3192D6FD4F" bold="true" box="[151,384,638,664]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Farrea bowerbanki</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C890578EFFDFFF8BFE51AA31929CFD4F" box="[392,458,638,664]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Boury-Esnault, Vacelet & Chevaldonné
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="D3A3EAF5FFDFFF8BFF4EAA8A9206FD09" bold="true" box="[151,336,709,734]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Type-specimen.</emphasis>
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Sample VAL2-ACH-P15_ECH01. MNHN-HJV-03
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A9CD656CFFDFFF8BFF1EAAA69380FCF1" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" type="description">
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<materialsCitation id="51BF3CBAFFDFFF8BFF1EAAA69385FCF1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1434655607" collectingDate="2014-07-31" collectorName="Valinco Canyon, SW" country="France" elevation="383" latitude="41.66148" location="Western Mediterranean" longLatPrecision="4" longitude="8.7953" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" specimenCount="1">
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<emphasis id="D3A3EAF5FFDFFF8BFF1EAAA6923EFCD5" bold="true" box="[199,360,745,770]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Type-locality.</emphasis>
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<collectorName id="4C225331FFDFFF8BFEA8AAA69137FCD5" box="[369,609,745,770]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Valinco Canyon, SW</collectorName>
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<collectingCountry id="99C07677FFDFFF8BFDB2AAA69196FCD5" box="[619,704,745,770]" name="France" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Corsica</collectingCountry>
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(
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),
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<quantity id="262F9B02FFDFFF8BFC2CAAA59716FCD6" box="[1013,1088,746,770]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8299999999999996" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="383.0">
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<elevation id="6AFAD1D4FFDFFF8BFC2CAAA59716FCD6" box="[1013,1088,746,770]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8299999999999996" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="383.0">383 m</elevation>
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,
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/
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,
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<date id="95691027FFDFFF8BFA8DAAA59385FCF1" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" value="2014-07-31">
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<collectingDate id="852DE9CFFFDFFF8BFA8DAAA59385FCF1" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" value="2014-07-31">31/07/ 2014</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A9CD656CFFDFFF8BFF1EAB7E91F1FA79" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="D3A3EAF5FFDFFF8BFF1EAB7E928AFC9D" bold="true" box="[199,476,817,842]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Comparative material.</emphasis>
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Slides from specimens of the Ibero-Morrocan Gulf (BALGIM Cruise, 1984, Stn CP91-13,
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<geoCoordinate id="84E35020FFDFFF8BFED1AB1A922EFCB9" box="[264,376,853,878]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" precision="5" value="34.3675">34.3675N</geoCoordinate>
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–
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<geoCoordinate id="84E35020FFDFFF8BFE54AB1992B1FCB9" box="[397,487,854,878]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" precision="55" value="-7.417">7.417W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="262F9B02FFDFFF8BFE28AB1A916AFCB9" box="[497,572,853,878]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.45" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" unit="m" value="945.0">945 m</quantity>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E16836E7FFDFFF8BFF1EAB3696CEFAC9" blockId="6.[151,1437,709,1454]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">
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<emphasis id="D3A3EAF5FFDFFF8BFF1EAB369281FC45" bold="true" box="[199,471,889,914]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">External morphology.</emphasis>
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Several specimens were observed on
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<collectionCode id="87C6AE22FFDFFF8BFC64AB3590AEFC45" box="[957,1016,890,914]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15413" name="Museo Civico di Rovereto" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">ROV</collectionCode>
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pictures and videos or by direct observations from the manned submersible ‘Remora 2000’ (Comex) in 2009, 2010,
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<date id="95691027FFDFFF8BFB99ABD197B3FC61" box="[1088,1253,925,950]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" value="2014" valueMax="2016">2014 and 2016</date>
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(
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<figureCitation id="79EC2A62FFDFFF8BFB2DABD29660FC61" box="[1268,1334,925,950]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1717,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1695]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,303,1695]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution map of the two new species Farrea bowerbanki (grey squares) and Tretodictyum reiswigi (black circles) based on recent observations and collections as well as on literature records (see Table 3). 1. SW Corsican canyons (including Valinco canyon, the type locality of the two new species); 2. NW Corsican canyons; 3. French Riviera canyons and deep rocky banks; 4. Provence canyons and deep rocky banks; 5. Emile Baudot escarpment and seamounts; 6. El Loquet and de la Nau banks; 7. Galli Islands; 8. Malta escarpment; 9. Cape Santa Maria di Leuca; 10. Apulian escarpment; 11. Gulf of Athens; 12. Alboran Sea; 13. Rockall bank; 14. Cape Verde Islands." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321982/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="79EC2A62FFDFFF8BFA9DABD19604FC61" box="[1348,1362,926,950]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[217,1359,195,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[217,1359,195,1875]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Farrea bowerbanki n. sp. A: In situ view of the holotype before collection, Valinco canyon, Corsica, 383 m. B: Another specimen from the Valinco canyon, Corsica, at 425 m, next to a dead individual. The green dots in the center are laser beams 6 cm apart. C: preserved holotype. D, E: dictyonal framework near the base. F: beams and spur of a dictyonalium. G: pentactin. H: onychexaster. I, J: clavule. K: uncinate. A, B: Photos courtesy of AAMP." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321983/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">2</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="79EC2A62FFDFFF8BFA5EABD196C1FC61" box="[1415,1431,926,950]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,970,992]" captionTargetBox="[188,1450,202,951]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[169,1466,202,951]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Farrea bowerbanki n. sp. and Tretodictyum reiswigi n. sp. at the Cassidaigne canyon (Provence, NW Mediterranean), in areas exposed to industrial red mud discharge for decades. A: The highest density of F. bowerbanki observed so far, growing on (sub-fossil?) shells of the bivalve Neopycnodonte zibrowii, 580 m. In the center, the cold-water scleractinian coral Madrepora oculata. B: An isolated specimen of F. bowerbanki, ca 30 cm in diameter, and small specimens of T. reiswigi, at 536 m. C: High density of live T. reiswigi with a dead skeleton in the center, ca 480 m. D: Live specimens of T. reiswigi and F. bowerbanki at 521 m. The one on the lower left is apparently partly dead, as the distal parts accumulate red mud. A, B, D: Photos courtesy of COMEX S. A. C: Photo courtesy of MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Germany." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321985/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">4</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="AC55035CFFDFFF8BFF4EAB8E93BAFC0D" box="[151,236,961,986]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,239,800,823]" captionText="TABLE 3. Distribution of Farrea bowerbanki n. sp. and Tretodictyum reiswigi n. sp. as reported in the literature and observed here during HERMES-MARUM, MedSeaCan, CorSeaCan, ROV- 3 D and ALTEO cruises on still pictures and videos (see Material & Methods). Sites of material collection in bold. Records from the literature allocated with doubts to Tretodictyum tubulosum and Farrea occa, and which we here allocate to the new species. NA: not available." pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Table 3</tableCitation>
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). A complete specimen, designated as
|
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<typeStatus id="3E6C8845FFDFFF8BFD7AAB8E905EFC0D" box="[675,776,961,986]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
, has been collected in 2014. The
|
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<typeStatus id="3E6C8845FFDFFF8BFB59AB8E97B4FC0D" box="[1152,1250,961,986]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<figureCitation id="79EC2A62FFDFFF8BFB2BAB8E9663FC0D" box="[1266,1333,961,986]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[217,1359,195,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[217,1359,195,1875]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Farrea bowerbanki n. sp. A: In situ view of the holotype before collection, Valinco canyon, Corsica, 383 m. B: Another specimen from the Valinco canyon, Corsica, at 425 m, next to a dead individual. The green dots in the center are laser beams 6 cm apart. C: preserved holotype. D, E: dictyonal framework near the base. F: beams and spur of a dictyonalium. G: pentactin. H: onychexaster. I, J: clavule. K: uncinate. A, B: Photos courtesy of AAMP." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321983/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A, 2C) is
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high, with a diameter of about
|
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at its widest part. The body is formed by a branching and anastomosing system of tubes attached to the rocky substrate by a small basal plate,
|
||
<quantity id="262F9B02FFDFFF8BFC6CAC4590BBFBF6" box="[949,1005,1034,1058]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Two main tubes,
|
||
<quantity id="262F9B02FFDFFF8BFA9FAC459628FBF6" box="[1350,1406,1034,1058]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, arising from the basal plate, divide and merge several times, with distally infundibular openings
|
||
<quantity id="262F9B02FFDFFF8BFA91AC6296CAFB92" box="[1352,1436,1069,1094]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide. The shape of these openings is reminiscent of a flower corolla. The thickness of the tube wall is about
|
||
<quantity id="262F9B02FFDFFF8BFAABAC1D9390FB5A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Color in life is white, with the basal plate and a short common basal part of the tubes, deep grey. The sponge is very fragile, and several parts of the tubes are broken on the preserved
|
||
<typeStatus id="3E6C8845FFDFFF8BFC2EACD6970FFB65" box="[1015,1113,1177,1202]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
which was very difficult to collect in a good state of preservation by the
|
||
<collectionCode id="87C6AE22FFDFFF8BFD44ACF1918EFB01" box="[669,728,1214,1238]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15413" name="Museo Civico di Rovereto" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">ROV</collectionCode>
|
||
. The other specimens observed, such as shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="79EC2A62FFDFFF8BFAC1ACF296D5FB01" box="[1304,1411,1213,1238]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[217,1359,195,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[217,1359,195,1875]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Farrea bowerbanki n. sp. A: In situ view of the holotype before collection, Valinco canyon, Corsica, 383 m. B: Another specimen from the Valinco canyon, Corsica, at 425 m, next to a dead individual. The green dots in the center are laser beams 6 cm apart. C: preserved holotype. D, E: dictyonal framework near the base. F: beams and spur of a dictyonalium. G: pentactin. H: onychexaster. I, J: clavule. K: uncinate. A, B: Photos courtesy of AAMP." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321983/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 4A, 4B and 4D, have the same general shape, varying in size from a few centimeters to
|
||
<quantity id="262F9B02FFDFFF8BFB5CACAD9799FB2E" box="[1157,1231,1250,1274]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity>
|
||
. Several observed specimens were composed of a white living part and of a dead skeleton, colored in grey due to the deposit of mud.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E16836E7FFDFFF8BFF1EAD6691F1FA79" blockId="6.[151,1437,709,1454]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">
|
||
Skeleton. The skeleton framework is a typical farreoid dictyonal
|
||
<typeStatus id="3E6C8845FFDFFF8BFC61AD6590BEFA95" box="[952,1000,1322,1346]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">type</typeStatus>
|
||
with smooth beams and spined spurs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="79EC2A62FFDFFF8BFF46AD0293B4FAB1" box="[159,226,1357,1382]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[217,1359,195,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[217,1359,195,1875]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Farrea bowerbanki n. sp. A: In situ view of the holotype before collection, Valinco canyon, Corsica, 383 m. B: Another specimen from the Valinco canyon, Corsica, at 425 m, next to a dead individual. The green dots in the center are laser beams 6 cm apart. C: preserved holotype. D, E: dictyonal framework near the base. F: beams and spur of a dictyonalium. G: pentactin. H: onychexaster. I, J: clavule. K: uncinate. A, B: Photos courtesy of AAMP." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321983/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D, 2F). Dictyonalia are formed in more than one layer. The meshes are mostly rectangular, sometimes square or triangular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="79EC2A62FFDFFF8BFEE0AD3E92D6FA5D" box="[313,384,1393,1418]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[217,1359,195,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[217,1359,195,1875]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Farrea bowerbanki n. sp. A: In situ view of the holotype before collection, Valinco canyon, Corsica, 383 m. B: Another specimen from the Valinco canyon, Corsica, at 425 m, next to a dead individual. The green dots in the center are laser beams 6 cm apart. C: preserved holotype. D, E: dictyonal framework near the base. F: beams and spur of a dictyonalium. G: pentactin. H: onychexaster. I, J: clavule. K: uncinate. A, B: Photos courtesy of AAMP." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321983/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E), with dictyonal beams 168–430/35–50 µm in size. The spurs are 90–210 µm in length, always spined and most often curved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="79EC2A62FFDFFF8BFD9CADDA91DEFA79" box="[581,648,1429,1454]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1896,1918]" captionTargetBox="[217,1359,195,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[217,1359,195,1875]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Farrea bowerbanki n. sp. A: In situ view of the holotype before collection, Valinco canyon, Corsica, 383 m. B: Another specimen from the Valinco canyon, Corsica, at 425 m, next to a dead individual. The green dots in the center are laser beams 6 cm apart. C: preserved holotype. D, E: dictyonal framework near the base. F: beams and spur of a dictyonalium. G: pentactin. H: onychexaster. I, J: clavule. K: uncinate. A, B: Photos courtesy of AAMP." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321983/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |