222 lines
18 KiB
XML
222 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FFFF6A40FF5294841DE4B0CE" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Scotoecus albofuscus" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="762" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="762" updateTime="1662483414275" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>716</mods:start>
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<mods:end>981</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6403376" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628289" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6403376" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFFF6A40FF5294841DE4B0CE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FFFF6A40FF5294841DE4B0CE" lastPageNumber="762" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<subSubSection box="[174,206,733,779]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[172,1300,733,858]" box="[174,206,733,779]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<heading box="[174,206,733,779]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<figureCitation box="[174,206,733,779]" captionStart="Plate 55: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="3.[121,153,3361,3382]" captionTargetBox="[12,2741,18,3658]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="1. Desert Yellow Lesser House Bat (Scotoecus pallidus), 2. Dark-winged Lesser House Bat (Scotoecus hirundo), 3. Light-winged Lesser House Bat (Scotoecus albofuscus), 4. Ruppell’s Bat (Vansonia rueppellii), 5. Indochinese Thick-thumbed Bat (Glischropus bucephalus), 6. Dark Thick-thumbed Bat (Glischropus aquilus), 7. Common Thick-thumbed Bat (Glischropus tylopus), 8. Javan Thick-thumbed Bat (Glischropus javanus), 9. Dormer’s Bat (Scotozous dormeri), 10. Chinese Noctule (Nyctalus plancyi), 11. Bird-like Noctule (Nyctalus aviator), 12. Japanese Noctule (Nyctalus furvus), 13. Mountain Noctule (Nyctalus montanus), 14. Greater Noctule (Nyctalus lasiopterus), 15. Common Noctule (Nyctalus noctula), 16. Leisler’s Noctule (Nyctalus leisleri), 17. Azores Noctule (Nyctalus azoreum)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398500/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">3.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[223,872,733,779]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[172,1300,733,858]" box="[223,872,733,779]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<heading box="[223,872,733,779]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<vernacularName box="[223,872,733,779]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Light-winged Lesser House Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[940,1299,733,779]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[172,1300,733,858]" box="[940,1299,733,779]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<heading box="[940,1299,733,779]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[940,1299,733,779]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="762" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albofuscus">
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<emphasis box="[940,1299,733,779]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Scotoecus albofuscus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="762" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[172,1300,733,858]" box="[173,1260,797,818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<heading box="[173,1260,797,818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[173,249,797,818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[258,495,797,818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Scotoéque a ailes pales</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[515,605,797,818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[612,892,797,818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Weif3flligel-Hausfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[912,1004,797,818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1014,1106,797,818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Scotoeco</vernacularName>
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de alas palidas
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[172,1300,733,858]" box="[173,915,837,858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<heading box="[173,915,837,858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[173,420,837,858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[426,624,837,858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Thomas’ House Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[634,915,837,858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Thomas's Lesser House Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="762" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[786,1380,902,1330]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[786,941,902,935]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1890" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1890" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="762" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albofuscus">Scotophilus albofuscus Thomas, 1890</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[871,1358,951,976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[786,1380,902,1330]" box="[871,1358,951,976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319357" box="[871,1358,951,976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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“Bathurst, River
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<collectingCountry box="[1103,1215,951,976]" name="Gambia" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Gambia</collectingCountry>
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,”
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<collectingCountry box="[1243,1354,951,976]" name="Gambia" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Gambia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="762" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[786,1380,902,1330]" lastBlockId="4.[174,1384,1337,3068]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1901" box="[787,901,981,1014]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="762" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotoecus</taxonomicName>
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was considered a subgenus of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1819" box="[786,912,1021,1054]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="762" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nycticeius</taxonomicName>
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by J. R. Ellerman and T. GC. S. Morrison-Scott in 1951 but was subsequently recognized as a distinct genus by D. R. Rosevear in 1965, a treatment followed by J. E. Hill in 1974. Two subspecies have been recognized on the basis of external and skull measurements, but in 2013 M. Happold stated that morphometric differences between the subspecies are slight, although the ranges of the two appear to be well separated by the rainforests of the
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<collectingCountry box="[956,1049,1377,1410]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Congo</collectingCountry>
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Basin. Two subspecies tentatively recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="762" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397764" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6397764/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="762" targetBox="[170,762,915,1329]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[174,1384,1337,3068]" box="[174,574,1456,1489]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[174,574,1456,1489]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[174,1384,1337,3068]" box="[175,1331,1495,1528]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1890" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1890" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[175,577,1495,1528]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="762" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="albofuscus" subSpecies="albofuscus">S.a.albofuscusThomas,1890—patchilyfromSenegalandGambiaEtoCameroon.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[174,1384,1337,3068]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1917" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1917" box="[175,525,1534,1567]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="762" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="albofuscus" subSpecies="woodi">S. a. woodi Thomas, 1917</taxonomicName>
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— patchily from N
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<collectingCountry box="[798,909,1534,1567]" name="Uganda" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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and S
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<collectingCountry box="[1011,1097,1534,1567]" name="Kenya" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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S to E
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<collectingCountry box="[1202,1379,1534,1567]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion box="[187,403,1579,1608]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="762" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[174,1384,1337,3068]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[174,427,1613,1646]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body ¢.49-54 mm, tail 27-41 mm, ear 9-15 mm, hindfoot 8-9 mm, forearm 29-34 mm; weight 5-9-5 g. External secondary sexual dimorphism is apparently absent. Penis is very long (c.
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<quantity box="[774,866,1692,1725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="762" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
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). Pelage of the Light-winged Lesser House Batis soft and dense, with mid-dorsal hairs 4-6 mm in length. Dorsal pelage is unicolored, dark brown, golden brown or fawn. Ventral pelage is slightly paler than dorsal pelage. Wings are white and semi-translucent, becoming brownish closer to body. Interfemoral membrane is blackish brown. Forearms and first to third fingers are brown; fourth and fifth fingers are white. Head isfairly flattened, muzzle is wide, and nostrils open to sides from small transverse pads. Eyes are small. Ears are comparatively short for a vespertilionid, oval, well separated, and with semicircular antitragus on outer margin. Tragus is rounded and short (4, 4-4 mm; two specimens). Skull is somewhat flattened, braincase is broad, rostrum is broad across lacrimals, interorbital region is broad, zygomatic arches are slender and weak, and sagittal and lambdoidal crests are weak. I? is fairly long, unicuspid, and directed inward. Anterior face of C! is anteriorly flattened and conspicuously grooved. P? is vestigial and minute. P* is in contact with C!, and is two-thirdsto three-quarters the height of C'. P, is slightly shorter and stouter than P, which is tall and slender.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="762" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[174,1384,1337,3068]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[175,286,2293,2318]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Habitat.</emphasis>
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In West Africa, Light-winged Lesser House Bats have been recorded in Sudanian woodland savannas and in mosaics of grassland and thicket in Shai Hills,
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<collectingCountry box="[1279,1374,2324,2357]" name="Ghana" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Ghana</collectingCountry>
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. The species also occurs in tropical rainforest in
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<collectingCountry box="[841,953,2363,2396]" name="Uganda" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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, East African coastal mosaic in
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<collectingCountry box="[176,264,2403,2436]" name="Kenya" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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, riverine forest with
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<taxonomicName box="[556,684,2403,2436]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Hyphaene" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="762" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hyphaene</taxonomicName>
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palms (
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<taxonomicName box="[795,941,2403,2436]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="762" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
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) in southern
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<collectingCountry box="[1138,1238,2403,2436]" name="Malawi" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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, montane woodland in
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<collectingCountry box="[361,547,2451,2476]" name="Mozambique" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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, and dune forest in
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<collectingRegion box="[832,1040,2451,2476]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1057,1234,2451,2476]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="762" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[174,1384,1337,3068]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[176,442,2482,2515]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Diet consists mainly of
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<taxonomicName box="[790,945,2482,2515]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="762" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
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, but also includes
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<taxonomicName box="[1216,1374,2482,2515]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="762" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[176,352,2521,2554]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="762" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[368,476,2521,2554]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="762" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
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, and other insects. Based on wing morphology, the Light-winged Lesser House Bat apparently forages by moderately fast hawking in open spaces, at medium-height above the ground and canopies.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="762" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[174,1384,1337,3068]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[176,310,2640,2673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Breeding.</emphasis>
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In southern
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<collectingCountry box="[503,602,2640,2673]" name="Malawi" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Malawi</collectingCountry>
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, one post-lactating female was recorded in early April. In KwaZulu-Natal, a female recently captured gave birth to twins in late November.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="762" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[174,1384,1337,3068]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[175,412,2719,2752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Groups have been observed roosting among the leaves of
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<taxonomicName box="[1257,1384,2719,2752]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Hyphaene" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="762" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hyphaene</taxonomicName>
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palms. A Light-winged Lesser House Bat produced LD-FM echolocation calls with an intermediate peak frequency (39-3 kHz), broad bandwidth (24 kHz), and short duration (3-3 milliseconds). In addition to the fundamental harmonic, the second harmonic may be present on the spectrogram.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[177,1117,2916,2949]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[174,1384,1337,3068]" box="[177,1117,2916,2949]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[177,878,2916,2949]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[177,1226,2956,2989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[174,1384,1337,3068]" box="[177,1226,2956,2989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[177,527,2956,2989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red Lust.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="762" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[174,1384,1337,3068]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[178,331,3003,3028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="762">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Ellerman & Morrison-Scott (1951), Happold, M. (2013bg), Hill (1974a), Hill & Harrison (1987), Rosevear (1965), Schoeman & Jacobs (2008), Whitaker & Mumford (1978).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |