207 lines
18 KiB
XML
207 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" approvalRequired="37" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="8" approvalRequired_for_treatments="29" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FFFD6A42FF4E935E16DFB95A" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Scotozous dormeri Dobson 1875" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="764" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="764" updateTime="1658412944878" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>716</mods:start>
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<mods:end>981</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581206" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628343" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6581206" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFFD6A42FF4E935E16DFB95A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FFFD6A42FF4E935E16DFB95A" lastPageNumber="764" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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<subSubSection box="[178,211,1287,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[177,1181,1287,1410]" box="[178,211,1287,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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||
<heading box="[178,211,1287,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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<figureCitation box="[178,211,1287,1329]" captionStart="Plate 55: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="3.[121,153,3361,3382]" captionTargetBox="[12,2741,18,3658]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="1. Desert Yellow Lesser House Bat (Scotoecus pallidus), 2. Dark-winged Lesser House Bat (Scotoecus hirundo), 3. Light-winged Lesser House Bat (Scotoecus albofuscus), 4. Ruppell’s Bat (Vansonia rueppellii), 5. Indochinese Thick-thumbed Bat (Glischropus bucephalus), 6. Dark Thick-thumbed Bat (Glischropus aquilus), 7. Common Thick-thumbed Bat (Glischropus tylopus), 8. Javan Thick-thumbed Bat (Glischropus javanus), 9. Dormer’s Bat (Scotozous dormeri), 10. Chinese Noctule (Nyctalus plancyi), 11. Bird-like Noctule (Nyctalus aviator), 12. Japanese Noctule (Nyctalus furvus), 13. Mountain Noctule (Nyctalus montanus), 14. Greater Noctule (Nyctalus lasiopterus), 15. Common Noctule (Nyctalus noctula), 16. Leisler’s Noctule (Nyctalus leisleri), 17. Azores Noctule (Nyctalus azoreum)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398500/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">9.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[228,506,1287,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[177,1181,1287,1410]" box="[228,506,1287,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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<heading box="[228,506,1287,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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<vernacularName box="[228,506,1287,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Dormer’s Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[575,885,1287,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[177,1181,1287,1410]" box="[575,885,1287,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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<heading box="[575,885,1287,1329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1875" box="[575,885,1287,1329]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dormeri">
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<emphasis box="[575,885,1287,1329]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Scotozous dormeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="764" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[177,1181,1287,1410]" box="[178,1180,1347,1368]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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<heading box="[178,1180,1347,1368]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[178,254,1347,1368]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[263,475,1347,1368]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Pipistrelle de Dormer</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[496,586,1347,1368]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[596,852,1347,1368]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">DormerZwergfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[873,964,1347,1368]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[975,1180,1347,1368]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Pipistrela de Dormer</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[177,1181,1287,1410]" box="[178,631,1387,1408]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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<heading box="[178,631,1387,1408]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[178,425,1387,1408]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[435,631,1387,1408]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Dormer’s Pipistrelle</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[790,1381,1456,1485]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[790,1384,1456,1880]" box="[790,1381,1456,1485]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[790,946,1456,1485]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Dobson, 1875" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1875" box="[957,1376,1456,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dormeri">Scotozous dormeri Dobson, 1875</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[791,1365,1496,1525]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[790,1384,1456,1880]" box="[791,1365,1496,1525]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319311" box="[791,1365,1496,1525]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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“Bellary Hills [Mysore], Southern
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<collectingCountry box="[1272,1350,1496,1525]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">India</collectingCountry>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="764" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[790,1384,1456,1880]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1875" box="[792,1015,1531,1564]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotozous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dormeri">Scotozous dormeri</taxonomicName>
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has variously been placed in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[827,967,1571,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pipistrellus</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1901" box="[1015,1130,1571,1604]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="764" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotoecus</taxonomicName>
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, but it is now generally considered a separate, monotypic genus. Its phylogenetic relationship is still uncertain, although it is included within Pipistrellini. The existence of several karyotypes suggest that several cryptic species may be included within the currently defined species. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="764" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397782" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397782" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6397782/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="764" targetBox="[175,767,1465,1879]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[177,1386,1891,3460]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[178,354,1891,1920]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Distribution.</emphasis>
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E
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<collectingCountry box="[396,511,1891,1920]" name="Pakistan" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion box="[535,635,1891,1920]" country="Pakistan" name="Punjab" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Punjab</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion box="[710,798,1891,1920]" country="Pakistan" name="Sindh" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Sindh</collectingRegion>
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), much of
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<collectingCountry box="[954,1029,1891,1920]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">India</collectingCountry>
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, extreme SW
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<collectingCountry box="[1228,1313,1891,1920]" name="Nepal" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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, and W & C
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<collectingCountry box="[279,441,1927,1960]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion box="[464,585,1927,1960]" country="Bangladesh" name="Rajshahi" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Rajshahi</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion box="[658,755,1927,1960]" country="Bangladesh" name="Dhaka" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Dhaka</collectingRegion>
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); it may also occur in
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<collectingCountry box="[1062,1168,1927,1960]" name="Bhutan" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="764" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[177,1386,1891,3460]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[178,432,1970,1999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 39-55 mm, tail 27-41 mm, ear 10-18 mm, hindfoot 5-8 mm, forearm 32-7-36-3 mm. Pelage of Dormer’s Bat is glossy grayish brown dorsally (hairs with pale tips) or occasionally yellowish brown, and paler ventrally (hairs with buffy white tips). Area around nose and lips is bare of hair and midto dark brown, along with ears, uropatagium, and wings. Veins on uropatagium are occasionally white. Ears are short and broad, and tragus is well developed with a small triangular lobe near base of outer margin. Tail is long and almost completely enclosed by uropatagium (except extreme tip). Penis is large. Skull is flattened dorsally with a distinct lambdoid crest. There is generally only one pair of upper incisors, but second pair is occasionally present, although it is minute and spiculate. C' has anterior and posterior cingular cusps but lacks a secondary cusp; molars are nyctalodont. Dental formulaisli 1/3. Cl1/1, P 2/2 M 3/3 (x2)'= 32 or (varely) 12/3, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 34. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30 (males) or 2n = 31 (females) and FN = 50 (captive individuals of Indian parentage) or 2n = 36 and FN = 50 (wild individuals from
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<collectingCountry box="[420,499,2524,2553]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">India</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="764" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[177,1386,1891,3460]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[179,290,2559,2592]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Generally found in drier climates and around agricultural and urban environments, occurring in subtropical and tropical dry forests, urban settlements, plantations, and agricultural fields. Dormer’s Bats have been recorded from sea level to c.
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<quantity box="[198,305,2678,2711]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="764" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
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throughout their distribution.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="764" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[177,1386,1891,3460]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[179,440,2716,2749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Dormer’s Bats are insectivorous. Feeding starts late in evening and they will often stay near their roosting sites. In winter,their diet consists largely of beetles, moths, grasshoppers, and crickets, while in summer and during monsoon season, they feed mostly on winged termites, beetles, moths, orthopterans, and hymenopterans. Many of their food sources are major agricultural pests, which makes the species a good means of controlling pest populations.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="764" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[177,1386,1891,3460]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[179,314,2953,2986]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Dormer’s Bats seem to breed all year round or nearly so. In
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<collectingRegion box="[1200,1378,2953,2986]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Maharashtra</collectingRegion>
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, breeding occurs year-round and females exhibit postpartum estrus in quick succession, which allows them to have multiple young per year. Pregnant females have been collected in July and September in
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<collectingRegion box="[685,823,3072,3105]" country="India" name="Rajasthan" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Rajasthan</collectingRegion>
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, in September and October in
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<collectingRegion box="[1273,1379,3072,3105]" country="India" name="Gujarat" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Gujarat</collectingRegion>
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, and in April, July, and October in
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<collectingRegion box="[663,739,3111,3144]" country="India" name="Bihar" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Bihar</collectingRegion>
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. In
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<collectingRegion box="[796,993,3111,3144]" country="India" name="Uttar Pradesh" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Uttar Pradesh</collectingRegion>
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, immature individuals were captured in October.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="764" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[177,1386,1891,3460]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[178,413,3190,3223]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Nocturnal. Dormer’s Bat comes outlate in evening and is a slow flier, despite its fast wingbeats. Roosts often occur in holes in large trees, including banyan trees (
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<taxonomicName box="[268,340,3277,3302]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="764" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
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benghalensis,
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<taxonomicName box="[551,695,3277,3302]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="6" pageNumber="764" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
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). In more urban settings, roosts have been found in cracks, crevices, and holes in old temples as well as in other old and abandoned buildings and tombs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="764" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[177,1386,1891,3460]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[180,874,3387,3420]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Colonies in roosts have been reported with 2-24 individuals, although solitary individuals have occasionally been found.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="764" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[1452,2659,266,619]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1453,1804,266,299]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Dormer’s Bat does not seem to face any significant threats other than overuse of pesticides in agricultural ecosystems, as it often feeds on pest insects in those areas. The species works somewhat as a natural pesticide since it controls pest insect populations in agricultural environments. It may be declining in some parts of its range due to pesticide overuse.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="764" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[1452,2659,266,619]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1454,1606,471,496]" pageId="6" pageNumber="764">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Bates & Harrison (1997), Corbet & Hill (1992), Das (2003), Hill & Harrison (1987), Khajuria (1965), Khan (2001), Mandal et al. (2000), Menu (1987), Molur & Srinivasulu (2008b), Sreepada et al. (1996), Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu (2005, 2012), Srinivasulu, Racey & Mistry (2010), Srinivasulu, Srinivasulu & Sinha (2013), Tate (1942b), Thapa, Subedi et al. (2012), Vanitharani (2006), Volleth et al. (2001).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |