240 lines
22 KiB
XML
240 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" approvalRequired="3" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="3" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FFEE6A51FF8C904A1411BFB8" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Pipistrellus javanicus" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="779" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="779" updateTime="1658800978584" updateUser="jonas">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>716</mods:start>
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<mods:end>981</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6578091" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628518" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6578091" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFEE6A51FF8C904A1411BFB8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FFEE6A51FF8C904A1411BFB8" lastPageNumber="779" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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<subSubSection box="[112,169,1555,1601]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[110,1016,1555,1681]" box="[112,169,1555,1601]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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<heading box="[112,169,1555,1601]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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<figureCitation box="[112,169,1555,1601]" captionStart="Plate 56: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="13.[123,155,3277,3298]" captionTargetBox="[12,2758,16,3657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="18. Common Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus pipistrellus), 19. Soprano Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus pygmaeus), 20. Crete Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus creticus), 21. Hanak’s Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus hanaki), 22. Nathusius’s Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus nathusii), 23. Madeira Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus maderensis), 24. Kuhl’s Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus kuhlii), 25. Dusky Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus hesperidus), 26. Rusty Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus rusticus), 27. Tiny Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus nanulus), 28. Aellen’s Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus inexspectatus), 29. Mount GarguesPipistrelle (Pipustrellus aero), 30. Dar-es-Salaam Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus permixtus), 31. Racey’s Pipistrelle (Puipustrellus raceyi), 32. Dhofar Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus dhofarensis), 33. Japanese Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus abramus), 34. Endo’s Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus endoi), 35. Sturdee’s Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus sturdeei), 36. Javan Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus javanicus), 37. Indian Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus coromandra), 38. Kelaart’s Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus ceylonicus), 39. Least Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus tenuis), 40. Mount Popa Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus paterculus), 41. Narrow-winged Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus stenopterus), 42. Minahassa Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus minahassae), 43. Greater Papuan Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus collinus), 44. Lesser Papuan Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus papuanus), 45. New Guinea Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus angulatus), 46. Watts’s Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus wattsi), 47. Northern Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus westralis), 48. Forest Pipistrelle (Pipustrellus adamsi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398502" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398502/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">36.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[177,516,1555,1601]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[110,1016,1555,1681]" box="[177,516,1555,1601]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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<heading box="[177,516,1555,1601]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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<vernacularName box="[177,516,1555,1601]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Javan Pipistrelle</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[583,971,1555,1601]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[110,1016,1555,1681]" box="[583,971,1555,1601]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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<heading box="[583,971,1555,1601]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Gray, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[583,971,1555,1601]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="779" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javanicus">
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<emphasis box="[583,971,1555,1601]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Pipistrellus javanicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="779" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[110,1016,1555,1681]" box="[112,1015,1619,1640]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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<heading box="[112,1015,1619,1640]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[112,187,1619,1640]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[197,374,1619,1640]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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Pipistrelle de
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<collectingRegion box="[332,374,1619,1640]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Java</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[396,486,1619,1640]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[495,722,1619,1640]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Java-Zwergfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[742,833,1619,1640]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[844,933,1619,1640]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Pipistrela</vernacularName>
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de
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<collectingRegion box="[973,1015,1619,1640]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Java</collectingRegion>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="21.[110,1016,1555,1681]" box="[111,515,1659,1680]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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<heading box="[111,515,1659,1680]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[111,358,1659,1680]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[367,515,1659,1680]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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<collectingRegion box="[367,409,1659,1680]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Java</collectingRegion>
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Pipistrelle
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="779" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[725,1318,1724,2151]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[725,880,1724,1757]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="J. E. Gray, 1838" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="779" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javanicus">Scotophilus javanicus J. E. Gray, 1838</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[804,1027,1771,1796]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[725,1318,1724,2151]" box="[804,1027,1771,1796]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319368" box="[804,1024,1771,1796]" country="Indonesia" pageId="21" pageNumber="779" stateProvince="Java">
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<collectingRegion box="[804,866,1771,1796]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Java</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[883,1024,1771,1796]" name="Indonesia" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="779" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[725,1318,1724,2151]" lastBlockId="21.[113,1321,2158,3494]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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Pipustrellus javanicus has included
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[1179,1318,1803,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="779" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abramus">P. abramus</taxonomicName>
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as a subspecies, but they are now regarded as distinct species based on morphology.
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<taxonomicName authority="(Gray, 1838)" box="[726,998,1921,1954]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipustrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="779" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javanicus">Piprstrellus javanicus</taxonomicName>
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was previously known as P. tralatitius, which is regarded as a nomen dubium (dubious name). Populations in the
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<collectingCountry box="[822,977,2039,2072]" name="Philippines" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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might represent two or more cryptic species, indicated by clear separation between large and small variants across the islands. There might be a number of species currently recognized under
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<taxonomicName authority="(Gray, 1838)" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipustrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="779" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javanicus">P. javanicus</taxonomicName>
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throughoutits distribution. Subspecies camortae, babu, and peguensis have been considered distinct species, but they are considered subspecies of
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<taxonomicName authority="(Gray, 1838)" box="[1009,1162,2237,2270]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipustrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="779" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javanicus">P.javanicus</taxonomicName>
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here based on morphology. Specimens previously attributed to
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<taxonomicName authority="(Gray, 1838)" box="[849,1006,2277,2310]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipustrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="779" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="javanicus">P. javanicus</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry box="[1096,1261,2277,2310]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
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are now considered to have been misidentified
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[715,895,2316,2349]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="779" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coromandra">P. coromandra</taxonomicName>
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. Five subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="779" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397846" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397846" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6397846/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="779" targetBox="[111,702,1736,2150]" targetPageId="21">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[113,1321,2158,3494]" box="[113,514,2357,2390]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[113,514,2357,2390]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="21.[113,1321,2158,3494]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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<taxonomicName authority=". E. Gray, 1838" authorityName=". E. Gray" authorityYear="1838" box="[113,514,2395,2428]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pipustrellus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="21" pageNumber="779" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="javanicus" subSpecies="javanicusJ">P.j.javanicusJ.E.Gray,1838—PeninsularMalaysia,Singapore,Sumatra,Bangka,Borneo,Java,Sulawesi,Flores,Timor,andKarakelong;possiblyalsototheAruIs.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="21.[113,1321,2158,3494]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1915" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1915" box="[113,456,2474,2507]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pipustrellus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="21" pageNumber="779" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="javanicus" subSpecies="babu">P.j.babuThomas,1915—NPakistan(KhyberPakhtunkhwaandPunjab),NIndia(HimachalPradesh,Uttarakhand,MadhyaPradesh,Maharashtra,Sikkim,WestBengal,Assam,Meghalaya,Nagaland,andManipur),extremeSWCinna(Tibet[=Xizang]),Nepal,Bhutan,andBangladesh.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="21.[113,1321,2158,3494]" box="[114,927,2636,2665]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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<taxonomicName authority="G. S. Miller, 1902" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1902" box="[114,532,2636,2665]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pipustrellus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="21" pageNumber="779" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="javanicus" subSpecies="camortae">P.j.camortaeG.S.Miller,1902—AndamanandNicobarIs.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="21.[113,1321,2158,3494]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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<taxonomicName authority="Waterhouse, 1845" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1845" box="[114,515,2671,2704]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pipustrellus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="21" pageNumber="779" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="javanicus" subSpecies="meyeni">P.j.meyeniWaterhouse,1845—Philippines(Luzon,Mindoro,Sibuyan,Negros,Panay,Camiguin,Mindanao,Palawan,andReinardIs).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="21.[113,1321,2158,3494]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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<taxonomicName authority="Sinha, 1969" authorityName="Sinha" authorityYear="1969" box="[115,473,2753,2782]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Pipustrellus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="21" pageNumber="779" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="javanicus" subSpecies="peguensis">P. j. peguensis Sinha, 1969</taxonomicName>
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—
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<collectingCountry box="[513,645,2753,2782]" name="Myanmar" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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, SC
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<collectingCountry box="[714,799,2753,2782]" name="China" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">China</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion box="[824,939,2753,2782]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
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),
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<collectingCountry box="[967,1096,2753,2782]" name="Thailand" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1115,1182,2753,2782]" name="Laos" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Laos</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1198,1318,2753,2782]" name="Vietnam" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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(including Cat Ba and Cu Lao Cham Is), and
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<collectingCountry box="[759,906,2793,2822]" name="Cambodia" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="779" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[113,1321,2158,3494]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[114,370,2828,2861]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 40-55 mm, tail 26-40 mm, ear 5-15 mm, hindfoot 3-10 mm, forearm 29-3-37 mm; weight 4-1-8 g. Dorsal pelage of the Javan Pipistrelle ranges from chestnut to dark brown, with pale brown hairs frosted throughout (might be sexually dimorphic with males dark or medium brown and females chestnut); ventral pelage is more buffy brown or paler brown than dorsum, with black bases to hairs. Muzzle is broad and appears swollen; head is flat, with no noticeable forehead. Ears, face, and membranes are brown. Ears are short and subtriangular, with broadly rounded tips; tragus is only slightly curved, with rounded tip, gradually narrowing along terminal one-half. Uropatagium extends from calcar to nearly tail tip; only extreme tip is free. Penis is moderately long (more than
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<quantity box="[781,866,3183,3216]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="779" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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||
). Baculum (5-1-5-8 mm long) 1s bilobated at base, with thin shaft and bifurcated tip. Skull is relatively large; braincase is more domed than in the Indian Pipistrelle (
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[755,945,3262,3295]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="779" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coromandra">P. coromandra</taxonomicName>
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); zygomatic arches are thin and lack processes; I?is bicuspid, and I’ is unicuspid and subequal in height to second cusp of 1%; C! usually has secondary cusp; P? is subequal in crown area to I® and is variably nearly within tooth row or extruded inward; and lower molars are nyctalodont. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 38 and FN = 48 (Mount Isarog,
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<collectingCountry box="[1107,1266,3420,3453]" name="Philippines" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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) or 2n = 34 and FN = 46 (
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<collectingCountry box="[422,549,3461,3494]" name="Malaysia" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="779" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="21.[1381,2591,302,1164]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1383,1494,302,335]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Primary and secondary forests including mossy and montane forests, agricultural areas, plantations, and urban areas from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
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<quantity box="[2445,2555,345,374]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.38" pageId="21" pageNumber="779" unit="m" value="2380.0">2380 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="779" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[1381,2591,302,1164]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1383,1644,381,414]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Javan Pipistrelles are insectivorous. Stomach samples in the
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Philippines" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
contained limbs and wings of digested insects and unidentified yellow flesh.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1383,2565,459,492]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[1381,2591,302,1164]" box="[1383,2565,459,492]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1383,1518,459,492]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Litter size is 1-2 young. There might be three breeding seasons each year.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="779" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[1381,2591,302,1164]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1382,1618,499,532]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Javan Pipistrelle is nocturnal. It has been recorded roosting in tree ferns, fallen logs, and caves and on buildings. Search-call shape is FM/QCF. In
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1384,1629,577,610]" country="Philippines" name="Laguna" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Laguna Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Luzon Island, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2007,2167,577,610]" name="Philippines" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, mean call frequencies were 43.7 kHz (large form) and 41-9 kHz (small form).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="779" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[1381,2591,302,1164]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1384,2077,656,689]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Colonies contain 5-6 individuals. In Valencia City, Mindanao Island, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1985,2145,695,728]" name="Philippines" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Javan Pipistrelles roosted with the Yellow-faced Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus virgo) and the Diadem Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros diadema).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="779" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[1381,2591,302,1164]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1385,1734,814,847]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Javan Pipistrelle is widespread and common throughoutits distribution. It might be locally threatened by habitat destruction, butit seems to be relatively tolerant of human disturbance and is commonly recorded in plantations and urban areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="779" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[1381,2591,302,1164]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1386,1533,980,1005]" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bates & Harrison (1997), Bates et al. (2005), Benda & Gaisler (2015), Chan et al. (2009), Corbet & Hill (1992), Das (1990, 2003), Flannery (1995a), Francis (2008a), Francis, Rosell-Ambal, Tabaranza, Heaney et al. (2008), Furey, Mackie & Racey (2011), Furey, Phauk et al. (2012), Heaney, Balete, Dolar et al. (1998), Heaney, Balete & Rickart (2016), Heaney, Balete, Rickart, Utzurrum & Gonzales (1999), Hill & Harrison (1987), Kruskop (2013a),
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[2540,2589,1098,1123]" country="Russia" name="Sakha" pageId="21" pageNumber="779">Saha</collectingRegion>
|
||
et al. (2017b), Sinha (1990), Smith & Xie Yan (2008), Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu (2005, 2012), Srinivasulu et al. (2017).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |