201 lines
18 KiB
XML
201 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" approvalRequired="3" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="3" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FFD46A74FA849F3F1FE3BD91" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Nyctophilus arnhemensis Johnson 1959" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="806" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="805" updateTime="1658800978584" updateUser="jonas">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>716</mods:start>
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<mods:end>981</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6578464" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628047" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6578464" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFD46A74FA849F3F1FE3BD91" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FFD46A74FA849F3F1FE3BD91" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="806" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">
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<subSubSection box="[1400,1457,2406,2452]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805" type="multiple">
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||
<paragraph blockId="47.[1398,2525,2406,2493]" box="[1400,1457,2406,2452]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">
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<heading box="[1400,1457,2406,2452]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">
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<figureCitation box="[1400,1457,2406,2452]" captionStart="Plate 58: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="43.[119,149,3359,3384]" captionTargetBox="[11,2759,17,3657]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="78. New Guinea Big-eared Bat (Pharotis imogene), 79. Western Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus major), 80. Corben’s Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus corbeni), 81. Pallid Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus daedalus), 82. Gould’s Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus gouldi), 83. Tasmanian Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus sherrini), 84. New Caledonian Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus nebulosus), 85. Papuan Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus macrotis), 86. Pygmy Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus walkeri), 87. Eastern Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus bifax), 88. Northern Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus arnhemensis), 89. Mount Missim Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus shirleyae), 90. Small-toothed Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus microdon), 91. Lesser Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus geoffroyi), 92. Sunda Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus heran), 93. Lord Howe Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus howensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398510/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">88.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[1474,2010,2406,2452]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[1398,2525,2406,2493]" box="[1474,2010,2406,2452]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">
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<heading box="[1474,2010,2406,2452]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">
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<vernacularName box="[1474,2010,2406,2452]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">Northern Long-eared Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2078,2524,2406,2452]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[1398,2525,2406,2493]" box="[2078,2524,2406,2452]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">
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<heading box="[2078,2524,2406,2452]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">
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<taxonomicName authority="Johnson, 1959" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1959" box="[2078,2524,2406,2452]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="805" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnhemensis">
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<emphasis box="[2078,2524,2406,2452]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">Nyctophilus arnhemensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1400,2412,2470,2491]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[1398,2525,2406,2493]" box="[1400,2412,2470,2491]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">
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<heading box="[1400,2412,2470,2491]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1400,1475,2470,2491]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1485,1691,2470,2491]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">Nyctophile dArnhem</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1712,1803,2470,2491]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1811,2093,2470,2491]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">Arnhem-Langohrfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2113,2205,2470,2491]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2215,2412,2470,2491]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">Nictofila de Arnhem</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="805" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[2006,2607,2537,2966]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2011,2164,2537,2570]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="D. H." class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="805" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnhemensis">Nyctophilus arnhemensis D. H. Johnson, 1959</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="805" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[2006,2607,2537,2966]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319337" latitude="-12.266666" longitude="136.78334" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">
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“Rocky Bay, south of Yirkala, Cape Arnhem Peninsula,
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<collectingRegion country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2104,2226,2656,2689]" name="Australia" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">Australia</collectingCountry>
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(lat.
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<geoCoordinate box="[2311,2439,2656,2689]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="805" precision="925" value="-12.266666">12° 16’ S</geoCoordinate>
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, long.
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<geoCoordinate degrees="136" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="805" precision="925" value="136.78334">136° 47' E</geoCoordinate>
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).”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="805" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[2006,2607,2537,2966]" lastBlockId="47.[1396,2604,2971,3478]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">
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<taxonomicName authority="Johnson, 1959" box="[2013,2330,2736,2769]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="805" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arnhemensis">Nyctophilus arnhemensis</taxonomicName>
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is in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1915" box="[2477,2540,2736,2769]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="805" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bifax">bifax</taxonomicName>
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species group. It is extremely similar to N. bfax in most morphological characters (although it is smaller) and could potentially be a subspecies of N.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1915" box="[2315,2377,2893,2926]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="805" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bifax">bifax</taxonomicName>
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, although some morphological data support recognition of the two species as separate. More studies with genetic data are needed to resolve its taxonomy. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="805" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397954" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6397954/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="805" targetBox="[1396,1988,2547,2961]" targetPageId="47">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[1396,2604,2971,3478]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1397,1573,3050,3083]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">Distribution.</emphasis>
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N coast of
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<collectingRegion box="[1729,1976,3050,3083]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
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and Kimberley region (including Bonaparte Archipelago), N
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<collectingRegion box="[1641,1912,3090,3123]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
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(including Tiwi Is, Groote Eylandt, and Sir Edward Pellew Group), and NW
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<collectingRegion box="[1817,1989,3129,3162]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">Queensland</collectingRegion>
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; a specimen was recently recorded from NE
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<collectingRegion box="[1398,1568,3176,3201]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">Queensland</collectingRegion>
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in Cape York, but it needs to be verified.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="806" pageId="47" pageNumber="805" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="47.[1396,2604,2971,3478]" lastBlockId="48.[169,1379,283,1701]" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="806" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1397,1642,3216,3241]" pageId="47" pageNumber="805">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 40-59 mm, tail 35-641 mm, ear 16-21-5 mm, forearm 33-2-39-9 mm; weight 5-2-9-6 g. The Northern Long-eared Bat has very large ears and unique simple noseleaf consisting of two ridges, one further on muzzle and another immediately above nostrils, with vertical groove in middle and furred trough between them. Dorsal pelage is generally light russet-brown butis occasionally rich dark brown (hairs have dark bases), which shades on side toslightly lighter venter thatis not distinctly different. Face, ears, and wing membranes are medium brown. Rostrum is short and blunt, with ridge across muzzle over nostrils that is moderately developed, consisting of two rounded mounds separated medially by thin vertical groove. Ears are very large and broad, with bluntly rounded tips, horizontal ribbing on inner surfaces, inward curved anterior edges, and smooth posterior edges (ears can fold back at top of thick part of anterior edge); large and furred interauricular band crosses forehead between ears; tragus is small and bluntly rounded attip, being convex on anterior margin. Glans penis is a square-ended cylinder, with flat circular urethral opening on underside near tip. Baculum has moderately thin shaft in dorsal view; tip is deeply bifurcated, and base is strongly bifurcated; in lateral view, baculum is curved downward at base but shaft is straight to pointed tip. Skull is robust; tympanic bullae are small; skull is similar to that of the Eastern Long-eared Bat (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1915" box="[184,284,677,710]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="806" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bifax">N. bifax</taxonomicName>
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) in general morphology; and M? and lower molars are only moderately reduced.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="806" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[169,1379,283,1701]" pageId="48" pageNumber="806">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[170,282,717,750]" pageId="48" pageNumber="806">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Typically wet habitats such as mangrove forests, monsoon forests, rainforest patches, open savanna woodlands, tall open forests, and
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<taxonomicName box="[997,1126,756,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Melaleuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="48" pageNumber="806" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Melaleuca</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[1150,1296,756,789]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="48" pageNumber="806" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
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) and
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<taxonomicName box="[171,305,800,829]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="806" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pandanus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName box="[332,520,800,829]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="806" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pandanaceae</taxonomicName>
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) lined streams, waterholes, and swamps. Northern Longeared Bats are generally found in areas that receive more than
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<quantity box="[1058,1170,835,868]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="806" unit="mm" value="500.0">500 mm</quantity>
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of rain/year.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="806" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[169,1379,283,1701]" pageId="48" pageNumber="806">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[171,442,875,908]" pageId="48" pageNumber="806">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Northern Long-eared Bats primarily forage by gleaning off the ground and foliage and might also catch prey aerially. They are relatively slow fliers (
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<quantity box="[185,265,954,987]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="48" pageNumber="806" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
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/h most of the time) but can reach top speeds of
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<quantity box="[996,1091,954,987]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="48" pageNumber="806" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
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/h. Foraging usually occurs close to and among dense vegetation, and they are highly maneuverable in cluttered areas. Diet in the Top End region consisted largely of termites, water beetles, cockroaches, crickets, and true bugs and occasionally moths and spiders. They reportedly feed on geckos and gecko eggs, but this requires additional verification.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="806" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[169,1379,283,1701]" pageId="48" pageNumber="806">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[171,306,1150,1183]" pageId="48" pageNumber="806">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Male Northern Long-eared Bats with scrotal testes have been reported in May-November and pregnant females in September—November. Females apparently give birth to twins from late October to February.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="806" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[169,1379,283,1701]" pageId="48" pageNumber="806">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[170,407,1269,1302]" pageId="48" pageNumber="806">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Northern Long-eared Bats roost during the day under bark of large paperbark trees (
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<taxonomicName box="[423,561,1308,1341]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Melaleuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="48" pageNumber="806" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Melaleuca</taxonomicName>
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), within foliage, and among
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<taxonomicName box="[982,1116,1308,1341]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="806" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pandanus</taxonomicName>
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leaves. They have also been reported roosting in houses. They spend the night foraging. Call shape 1s very steep FM sweep, with peak frequencies of 50-52 kHz (mean 50-8 kHz).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="806" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[169,1379,283,1701]" pageId="48" pageNumber="806">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[173,911,1426,1459]" pageId="48" pageNumber="806">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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The Northern Long-eared Bat probably roosts in small groups.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="806" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[169,1379,283,1701]" pageId="48" pageNumber="806">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[173,520,1505,1538]" pageId="48" pageNumber="806">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Northern Long-eared Bat is widespread and does not seem to face any
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1844" box="[1085,1167,1545,1578]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="806" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
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threats.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="48" pageNumber="806" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="48.[169,1379,283,1701]" pageId="48" pageNumber="806">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[174,327,1593,1618]" pageId="48" pageNumber="806">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Bullen & McKenzie (2002a), Churchill (2008), Churchill et al. (1984), Flannery (1995b), McKenzie & Churchill (2008), McKenzie, Fontanini et al. (1995), McKenzie, Reardon & Parnaby (2008), Milne (2002), Milne et al. (2016), Parnaby (2009).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |