191 lines
16 KiB
XML
191 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" approvalRequired="37" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="8" approvalRequired_for_treatments="29" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FFCA6A75FA84909D182CB6A2" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Nyctophilus howensis McKean 1975" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="807" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="807" updateTime="1658412944878" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>716</mods:start>
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<mods:end>981</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6403483" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628052" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6403483" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFCA6A75FA84909D182CB6A2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FFCA6A75FA84909D182CB6A2" lastPageNumber="807" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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<subSubSection box="[1400,1457,1732,1778]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[1398,2523,1732,1858]" box="[1400,1457,1732,1778]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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<heading box="[1400,1457,1732,1778]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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<figureCitation box="[1400,1457,1732,1778]" captionStart="Plate 58: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="43.[119,149,3359,3384]" captionTargetBox="[11,2759,17,3657]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="78. New Guinea Big-eared Bat (Pharotis imogene), 79. Western Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus major), 80. Corben’s Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus corbeni), 81. Pallid Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus daedalus), 82. Gould’s Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus gouldi), 83. Tasmanian Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus sherrini), 84. New Caledonian Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus nebulosus), 85. Papuan Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus macrotis), 86. Pygmy Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus walkeri), 87. Eastern Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus bifax), 88. Northern Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus arnhemensis), 89. Mount Missim Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus shirleyae), 90. Small-toothed Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus microdon), 91. Lesser Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus geoffroyi), 92. Sunda Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus heran), 93. Lord Howe Long-eared Bat (Nyctophilus howensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398510/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">93.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1474,2048,1732,1778]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[1398,2523,1732,1858]" box="[1474,2048,1732,1778]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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<heading box="[1474,2048,1732,1778]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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<vernacularName box="[1474,2048,1732,1778]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">Lord Howe Long-eared Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2117,2495,1732,1778]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[1398,2523,1732,1858]" box="[2117,2495,1732,1778]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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<heading box="[2117,2495,1732,1778]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="McKean" authorityYear="1975" box="[2117,2495,1732,1778]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="807" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="howensis">
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<emphasis box="[2117,2495,1732,1778]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">Nyctophilus howensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="807" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[1398,2523,1732,1858]" box="[1400,2522,1796,1817]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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<heading box="[1400,2522,1796,1817]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1400,1475,1796,1817]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1484,1739,1796,1817]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">Nyctophile de Lord Howe</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1759,1850,1796,1817]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1860,2171,1796,1817]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">Lord-Howe-Langohrfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2192,2283,1796,1817]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2293,2522,1796,1817]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">Nictofila de Lord Howe</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="49.[1398,2523,1732,1858]" box="[1399,1991,1834,1855]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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<heading box="[1399,1991,1834,1855]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1399,1646,1834,1855]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1656,1991,1834,1855]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">Lord Howe Island Long-eared Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="807" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[2009,2605,1908,2331]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2011,2166,1908,1937]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="McKean, 1975" authorityName="McKean" authorityYear="1975" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="807" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="howensis">Nyctophilus howensis McKean, 1975</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="807" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[2009,2605,1908,2331]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319386" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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Calcarenite Cave, North Bay, Lord Howe Island,
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<collectingCountry box="[2204,2331,1986,2015]" name="Australia" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">Australia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="807" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[2009,2605,1908,2331]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="McKean" authorityYear="1975" box="[2012,2285,2021,2054]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="807" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="howensis">Nyctophilus howensis</taxonomicName>
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is only tentatively included under
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[2212,2360,2061,2094]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="807" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctophilus</taxonomicName>
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because the only skull known ofthe species is possibly a subfossil and only vaguely similar to other
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="807" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctophilus</taxonomicName>
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. It 1s currently the only member of the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="McKean" authorityYear="1975" box="[2067,2177,2219,2252]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="807" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="howensis">howensis</taxonomicName>
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species group until additional studies are conducted. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="807" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397966" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6397966/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="807" targetBox="[1395,1987,1912,2326]" targetPageId="49">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[2009,2605,1908,2331]" lastBlockId="49.[1392,2605,2339,3472]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2009,2186,2298,2331]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Lord Howe I off
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<collectingRegion country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1493,1620,2339,2368]" name="Australia" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">Australia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="807" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[1392,2605,2339,3472]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1397,1644,2376,2409]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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There are no specific measurements available because Lord Howe Long-eared Bat is known only from a single skull and there is no basis to predictits external characteristics. If extant, the Lord Howe Long-eared Bat is the largest species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="807" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctophilus</taxonomicName>
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currently recognized. Skull was thought to be a subfossil, but reexamination ofit indicates thatit is likely from the 20™ century. Skull is very large and narrow compared with other species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[1690,1835,2573,2606]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="807" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctophilus</taxonomicName>
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, and lateral profile is low unlike other large
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[2451,2596,2573,2606]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="807" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctophilus</taxonomicName>
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; and tooth row is also comparatively short. Premolars and molars broadly resemble other
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[1397,1542,2652,2685]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="807" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctophilus</taxonomicName>
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, M" is reduced, but second and third commissures are present and subequal. Antorbital foramina are relatively much narrower and smaller than other large congeners; anterior palatal emargination is relatively much smaller, and rostral sulcus is narrower; interdental palate is relatively broader and shallower; and interpterygoid fossa width is relatively much narrower but is similar in absolute size. Compared with the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1844" box="[2533,2605,2810,2843]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="807" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
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species group, skull has a less reduced M” and has a relatively much longer palate than in Corben’s Long-eared Bat (N.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Parnaby" authorityYear="2009" box="[1840,1925,2893,2922]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="807" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corbeni">corbeni</taxonomicName>
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) and the Pallid Long-eared Bat (N.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1915" box="[2423,2538,2893,2922]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="807" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daedalus">daedalus</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="807" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[1392,2605,2339,3472]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1394,1503,2928,2961]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Lord Howe Island is a relic of an eroded volcano with unique subtropical vegetation assemblages,similar to Australian flora and fauna with a high degree of endemism.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1394,1895,3006,3039]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[1392,2605,2339,3472]" box="[1394,1895,3006,3039]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1394,1656,3006,3039]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1394,1768,3044,3077]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[1392,2605,2339,3472]" box="[1394,1768,3044,3077]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1394,1529,3044,3077]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">Breeding.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1393,2598,3086,3119]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[1392,2605,2339,3472]" box="[1393,2598,3086,3119]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1393,1627,3086,3119]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The single skull was found in a cave possibly brought there by an owl.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1394,2334,3125,3158]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[1392,2605,2339,3472]" box="[1394,2334,3125,3158]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1394,2095,3125,3158]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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No information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="807" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[1392,2605,2339,3472]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1394,1742,3169,3198]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) on The [UCN Red List. Extensive surveys have failed to locate a living Lord Howe Long-eared Bat, and it is almost certainly extinct. It might have been casually observed in flight during the 20" century because reports by locals included two sizes of bats flying at dusk, with the larger being unidentified. Exact reasons forits decline and possible extinction are unclear, but predation by introduced owls and rats might have been involved.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="807" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="49.[1392,2605,2339,3472]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1394,1547,3410,3435]" pageId="49" pageNumber="807">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Eldridge et al. (2017); Hall, Lumsden & Parnaby (2008), McKean (1975), Parnaby (2002a, 2009), Richards (1995b).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |