199 lines
16 KiB
XML
199 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" approvalRequired="37" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="8" approvalRequired_for_treatments="29" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FFB16A0EFF4E956F1F66B1FC" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Glauconycteris superba Hayman 1939" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="832" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="832" updateTime="1658412944878" updateUser="diego">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place>
|
||
<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>716</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>981</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6402908" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628243" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6402908" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFB16A0EFF4E956F1F66B1FC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FFB16A0EFF4E956F1F66B1FC" lastPageNumber="832" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[178,257,822,872]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="74.[173,1305,822,956]" box="[178,257,822,872]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
<heading box="[178,257,822,872]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[178,257,822,872]" captionStart="Plate 61: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="73.[138,158,3293,3335]" captionTargetBox="[12,2750,17,3657]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="144. Variegated Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris variegata), 145. Machado’s Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris machadoi), 146. Glen's Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris gleni), 147. Pied Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris superba), 148. Common Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris argentata), 149. Bibundi Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris egeria), 150. Abo Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris poensts), 151. Striped Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris alboguttata), 152. Beatrix’s Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris beatrix), 153. Curry’s Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris curryae), 154. Spotted Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris humeralis), 155. Blackish Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris atra), 156. Kenyan Butterfly Bat (Glauconycteris kenyacola), 157. Doria’s False Serotine (Hesperoptenus doriae), 158. Tickell’s False Serotine (Hesperoptenus tickelli), 159. Blanford’s False Serotine (Hesperoptenus blanfordi), 160. Large False Serotine (Hesperoptenus tomesi), 161. Gaskell’s False Serotine (Hesperoptenus gaskelli), 162. Great Evening Bat (Ia io), 163. Harlequin Bat (Scotomanes ornatus), 164. Ruppell’s Broad-nosed Bat (Scoteanax rueppellii), 165. Northern Broad-nosed Bat (Scotorepens sanborni), 166. Little Broad-nosed Bat (Scotorepens greyii), 167. Inland Broad-nosed Bat (Scotorepens balstoni), 168. Eastern Broad-nosed Bat (Scotorepens orion), 169. Silver-haired Bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398521/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">147.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[275,647,822,872]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="74.[173,1305,822,956]" box="[275,647,822,872]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
<heading box="[275,647,822,872]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
<vernacularName box="[275,647,822,872]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">Pied Butterfly Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[718,1123,822,872]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="74.[173,1305,822,956]" box="[718,1123,822,872]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
<heading box="[718,1123,822,872]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hayman" authorityYear="1939" box="[718,1123,822,872]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Glauconycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superba">
|
||
<emphasis box="[718,1123,822,872]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">Glauconycteris superba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="832" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="74.[173,1305,822,956]" box="[175,1305,890,911]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
<heading box="[175,1305,890,911]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[175,250,890,911]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[259,438,890,911]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">Glauconyctére pie</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[459,550,890,911]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[559,975,890,911]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">SchwarzweiRe Schmetterlingsfledermaus</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[996,1087,890,911]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1097,1239,890,911]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">Glauconicterio</vernacularName>
|
||
pastel
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="74.[173,1305,822,956]" box="[174,855,930,951]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
<heading box="[174,855,930,951]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[174,421,930,951]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[431,542,930,951]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">Badger Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName box="[556,639,930,951]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">Pied Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName box="[653,855,930,951]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">Superb Butterfly Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="832" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="74.[786,1381,995,1422]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[786,941,995,1028]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Hayman, 1939" authorityName="Hayman" authorityYear="1939" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Glauconycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superba">Glauconycteris superba Hayman, 1939</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="832" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="74.[786,1381,995,1422]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319535" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
Pawa, ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[1021,1112,1043,1068]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="74" pageNumber="832" unit="km" value="45.0">45 km</quantity>
|
||
ENE Medje, Ituri District,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[905,1055,1082,1107]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="832" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="74.[786,1381,995,1422]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
Despite being placed in its own genus (Noumbaha) based on unique pelage,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hayman" authorityYear="1939" box="[1200,1290,1152,1185]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Glauconycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superba">superba</taxonomicName>
|
||
is phylogenetically embedded in Glauconycters. It 1s sister to a clade including all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1875" box="[790,958,1271,1304]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Glauconycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Glauconycteris</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[1069,1213,1271,1304]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Glauconycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variegata">G. variegata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="832" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398079" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398079/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="832" targetBox="[172,763,1011,1425]" targetPageId="74">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="74.[786,1381,995,1422]" lastBlockId="74.[174,1383,1430,2766]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[787,962,1310,1343]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known from a few localities in W
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[866,1026,1358,1383]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
, S
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1072,1166,1358,1383]" name="Ghana" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
, SW
|
||
<collectingCountry name="South Sudan" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and NE
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[975,1126,1397,1422]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Record from Budongo Forest, W
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[417,529,1430,1463]" name="Uganda" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
, does not represent
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hayman" authorityYear="1939" box="[821,956,1430,1463]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Glauconycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="832" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superba">G. superba</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="832" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="74.[174,1383,1430,2766]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[175,413,1477,1502]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body ¢.49-63 mm (two specimens), tail
|
||
<quantity box="[1061,1206,1477,1502]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7489999999999997" pageId="74" pageNumber="832" unit="mm" value="3749.0">3749 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear
|
||
<quantity box="[1277,1372,1477,1502]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="74" pageNumber="832" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot 8-3 mm (one specimen), forearm 42-6-47-7 mm; weight 13-5-19 g. Females are slightly larger than males. Pelage is dense and soft, with 6-7 mm mid-dorsal hairs. Dorsal pelageis black, with white markings comprising one spot on nose and two on forehead next to each ear, backward-pointing subtriangular band on each side of mid-dorsal line, narrow dorsal flank-stripe on each side, and either three spots in row or one short line on each shoulder. Ventral pelage has broad white band across throat, extending laterally to shoulders and then along each side of belly to anal region, with chin, flanks, and midventral region black. Ears are separated and subquadrangular. Tragusis very broad, with posterior margin distinctly curved with small basal lobule. Wings and uropatagium are dorsally blackish, without reticulation, and ventrally with pale reticulation. Elbows, knees, and anklesare black or pale. Tibia is long (c.19-21 mm) compared with other congeners. Head is high-domed, and muzzle is short, broad, and flattish. Skull is comparatively very large and robust; profile of forehead is strongly concave compared with other Glauconycterss. Sagittal crest is low. I? is unicuspid. Lower incisors aretricuspid or with four cusps and crowded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="832" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="74.[174,1383,1430,2766]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[175,286,2061,2094]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Closed lowland tropical moist forests and semideciduous forests at periphery of evergreen lowland rainforests at elevations of ¢.360-720 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[175,676,2140,2173]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="74.[174,1383,1430,2766]" box="[175,676,2140,2173]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[175,437,2140,2173]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="832" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="74.[174,1383,1430,2766]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[175,310,2187,2212]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
On Mbiye Island, north-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[773,922,2187,2212]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
, two of four females captured in December were lactating.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="832" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="74.[174,1383,1430,2766]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[174,409,2258,2291]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Pied Butterfly Bats emitted calls alternating between two distinct frequencies, with the following values from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[755,906,2297,2330]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
: type A, minimum frequencies of 20-5-25-1 kHz, maximum frequencies of 29.1-57 kHz, and durations of 3-1-9-6 milliseconds, and type B, minimum frequencies of 27-3-31-3 kHz, maximum frequencies of 38-8-73-3 kHz, and durations of 4-10-1 milliseconds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[176,1115,2455,2488]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="74.[174,1383,1430,2766]" box="[176,1115,2455,2488]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[176,876,2455,2488]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="832" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="74.[174,1383,1430,2766]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[176,511,2494,2527]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Pied Butterfly Bat is known from less than ten individuals in areas that are now very degraded and fragmented, especially in West Africa. Major threats include habitat loss from logging and agriculture. Population size is unknown, butits trend is inferred to be declining, suggesting a classification in a threatened category or as Data Deficient would be more appropriate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="832" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="74.[174,1383,1430,2766]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[178,330,2700,2725]" pageId="74" pageNumber="832">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Fahr (2013w), Hassanin et al. (2018), Hayman (1947b), Ing et al. (2016), Reeder et al. (2013), Rosevear (1965).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |