207 lines
18 KiB
XML
207 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF826A3DFF829AE519D7B3D3" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Lasiurus varius" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="879" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="879" updateTime="1662483414275" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>716</mods:start>
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<mods:end>981</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567097" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628021" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6567097" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF826A3DFF829AE519D7B3D3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF826A3DFF829AE519D7B3D3" lastPageNumber="879" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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<subSubSection box="[126,208,3260,3302]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="121.[123,1102,3260,3382]" box="[126,208,3260,3302]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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<heading box="[126,208,3260,3302]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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<figureCitation box="[126,208,3260,3302]" captionStart="Plate 65: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="117.[124,154,3323,3348]" captionTargetBox="[11,2761,18,3657]" captionTargetPageId="116" captionText="249. Spotted Bat (Euderma maculatum), 250. Big Red Bat (Lasiurus egregius), 251. Southern Hoary Bat (Lasiurus villosissimus), 252. Northern Hoary Bat (Lasiurus cinereus), 253. Hawaiian Hoary Bat (Lasiurus semotus), 254. Eastern Red Bat (Lasiurus borealis), 255. Pleiffer's Red Bat (Lasiurus pfeifferi), 256. Seminole Bat (Lasiurus seminolus), 257. Greater Red Bat (Lasiurus atratus), 258. Southern Red Bat (Lasiurus blossevilii), 259. Desert Red Bat (Lasiurus frantzii), 260. Cinnamon Red Bat (Lasiurus varius), 261. Minor Red Bat (Lasiurus minor), 262. Tacarcunan Bat (Lasiurus castaneus), 263. Hairy-tailed Bat (Lasiurus ebenus), 264. Jamaican Red Bat (Lasiurus degelidus), 265. Western Yellow Bat (Lasiurus xanthinus), 266. Northern Yellow Bat (Lasiurus intermedius), 267. Cuban Yellow Bat (Lasiurus insularis), 268. Southern Yellow Bat (Lasiurus ega)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398536/files/figure.png" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">260.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[225,628,3260,3302]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="121.[123,1102,3260,3382]" box="[225,628,3260,3302]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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<heading box="[225,628,3260,3302]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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<vernacularName box="[225,628,3260,3302]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Cinnamon Red Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[679,981,3260,3302]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="121.[123,1102,3260,3382]" box="[679,981,3260,3302]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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<heading box="[679,981,3260,3302]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Poeppig" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[679,981,3260,3302]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="121" pageNumber="879" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varius">
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<emphasis box="[679,981,3260,3302]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Lasiurus varius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="121" pageNumber="879" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="121.[123,1102,3260,3382]" box="[125,1100,3319,3340]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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<heading box="[125,1100,3319,3340]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[125,200,3319,3340]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[210,361,3319,3340]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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Lasiure du
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<collectingCountry box="[321,361,3319,3340]" name="Chile" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Chili</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[382,473,3319,3340]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[482,820,3319,3340]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Zimtrote Haarschwanzfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[841,932,3319,3340]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[942,1012,3319,3340]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Lasiuro</vernacularName>
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de
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<collectingCountry box="[1052,1100,3319,3340]" name="Chile" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Chile</collectingCountry>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="121.[123,1102,3260,3382]" box="[124,540,3359,3380]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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<heading box="[124,540,3359,3380]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[124,371,3359,3380]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[381,540,3359,3380]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Chilean Red Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[124,721,3426,3459]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="121.[122,960,3426,3469]" box="[124,721,3426,3459]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[124,279,3426,3459]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Poeppig, 1835" authorityName="Poeppig" authorityYear="1835" box="[292,716,3426,3459]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="121" pageNumber="879" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varius">Nycticeius varius Poeppig, 1835</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[733,959,3426,3459]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="121.[122,960,3426,3469]" box="[733,959,3426,3459]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319495" box="[733,959,3426,3459]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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“Antuco,”
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<collectingCountry box="[878,954,3426,3459]" name="Chile" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Chile</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph blockId="121.[2010,2603,271,694]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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<subSubSection pageId="121" pageNumber="879" type="discussion">
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See
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[2075,2217,271,300]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="121" pageNumber="879" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="egregius">L. egregius</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Poeppig" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[2239,2449,271,300]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="121" pageNumber="879" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="varius">Lasiurus varius</taxonomicName>
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was previously considered a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[2473,2603,306,339]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="121" pageNumber="879" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="borealis">L. borealis</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lesson & Garnot" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[2058,2222,345,378]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="121" pageNumber="879" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="blossevilii">L. blossevilii</taxonomicName>
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. Additional studies based on morphological evidence treated it as a full species. Moreover, recent molecular analyses based on mtDNA and nDNA also recovered
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Poeppig" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[2162,2283,503,536]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="121" pageNumber="879" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="varius">L. varius</taxonomicName>
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as distinct from other congeners and placed it in a basal position relative to other Red Bats. Monotypic.
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="121" pageNumber="879" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398362" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398362/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="879" startId="121.[2010,2182,622,655]" targetBox="[1395,1986,278,692]" targetPageId="121">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2010,2186,622,655]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Distribution.</emphasis>
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From C
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<collectingCountry box="[2335,2408,622,655]" name="Chile" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Chile</collectingCountry>
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and WC
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<collectingCountry name="Argentina" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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S to
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<collectingRegion box="[2188,2426,661,694]" country="Argentina" name="Tierra del Fuego - Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Tierra del Fuego</collectingRegion>
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.
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="121" pageNumber="879" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="121.[1396,2605,709,2273]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1397,1646,709,734]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity box="[1838,1989,709,734]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="121" pageNumber="879" unit="mm" value="58.0" valueMax="61.0" valueMin="55.0">55-61 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity box="[2067,2219,709,734]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="121" pageNumber="879" unit="mm" value="51.0" valueMax="58.0" valueMin="44.0">44-58 mm</quantity>
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, ear 9-13-
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<quantity box="[2371,2461,709,734]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="121" pageNumber="879" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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<quantity box="[1398,1530,744,773]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="121" pageNumber="879" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="6.0">6-10 mm</quantity>
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, forearm 3642-
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<quantity box="[1763,1845,744,773]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="121" pageNumber="879" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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; weight
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<quantity box="[1965,2057,744,773]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="121" pageNumber="879" unit="g" value="10.0" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="7.0">7-13 g</quantity>
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. Dorsal hairs are tricolored, with black bases, yellowish middles, and bright red cinnamon tips. Ventral hairs are similar to dorsal hairs, but central band is much reduced. There are yellow patches on shoulders, and white wash on hairs is absent. Ears are small, rounded, black, and fringed with hairs on outer basal part. Wing membranes are black. Uropatagium is densely furred, with hairs extending beyond its edge. Skull is robust; rostrum is short and wide. Braincase is high and rounded; caudal spine of palate is well developed; sagittal crest is usually reduced, but it can be evident in anterior part of braincase; and lambdoid crests are slightly developed. I? is triangular and in contact with cingulum of C', which is long and pointed; P* is reduced and not visible in lateral view; M' and M? are well developed, and M® has only two commissures; I is tricuspid, and I,is bicuspid, filling gap between canines; and P, is small. Dental formulais1 1/3, C1/1,P2/2.M 3/3 (2) = 32,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="121" pageNumber="879" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="121.[1396,2605,709,2273]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1398,1509,1218,1247]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Temperate rainforests, xeric shrublands, Patagonian forests, deciduous forests, evergreen forests, pasturelands, pine and eucalypt plantations, and urban areas, usually associated with watercourses, at elevations up to ¢.
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<quantity box="[2203,2313,1292,1325]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="121" pageNumber="879" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="121" pageNumber="879" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="121.[1396,2605,709,2273]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1398,1658,1332,1365]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Cinnamon Red Bats usually forage alone, preying mainly on aquatic insects. They can forage above canopies but also beneath them and on trails. Diets mainly contain Homoptera,
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<taxonomicName box="[1800,1958,1411,1444]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="121" pageNumber="879" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1974,2171,1411,1444]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="121" pageNumber="879" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName box="[2251,2359,1411,1444]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="121" pageNumber="879" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="121" pageNumber="879" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="121.[1396,2605,709,2273]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1398,1533,1455,1484]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Pregnant Cinnamon Red Bats were captured in December. Females usually bear two embryos, but there are records of only one embryo.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="121" pageNumber="879" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="121.[1396,2605,709,2273]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1397,1637,1529,1562]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Cinnamon Red Bat roosts mainly in trees but was found on rocks along the coast of
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<collectingCountry box="[1744,1821,1569,1602]" name="Chile" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Chile</collectingCountry>
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. Echolocation calls are divided in three phases: search, approach, and final buzz. Search-phase calls are long (c.7 milliseconds) and include single-harmonic calls, with narrow downward FM component, followed by QCF component. They sweep from c¢.52 kHz to ¢.33 kHz, with interpulse intervals of ¢.216 milliseconds. Approach-phase calls are similar to search-phase calls but with shorter and broader bandwidth, higher slope, and shorter interpulse intervals. Terminal buzz consists of FM calls with no QCF elements, high pulse repetition rate, and lower call duration and interpulse intervals. Echolocation behavioris affected by degree of structural clutter of foraging areas.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="121" pageNumber="879" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="121.[1396,2605,709,2273]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1398,2101,1924,1957]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Population sizes of Cinnamon Red Bats vary seasonally. It might be migratory at least in southern parts ofits distribution. It is mainly solitary, but clusters of four individuals have been observed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="121" pageNumber="879" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="121.[1396,2605,709,2273]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1399,1751,2046,2075]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Cinnamon Red Bat is widely distributed, presumably with large populations, and occurs in protected areas.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="121" pageNumber="879" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="121.[1396,2605,709,2273]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1399,1552,2169,2194]" pageId="121" pageNumber="879">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Baird et al. (2015), Barquez et al. (1999), Diaz et al. (2017), Gardner & Handley (2008), Mann (1978), Mares et al. (1995), Novaes, Garbino et al. (2018), Rodriguez-San Pedro & Simonetti (2014), Rodriguez-San Pedro etal. (2016), Simmons (2005), Solari (2018h).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |