277 lines
26 KiB
XML
277 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF7A6AC6FA51931C1D48B85F" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Scotophilus viridis Peters 1852" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="889" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="888" updateTime="1662483414275" updateUser="felipe">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place>
|
||
<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>716</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>981</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567107" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628404" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6567107" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF7A6AC6FA51931C1D48B85F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF7A6AC6FA51931C1D48B85F" lastPageId="130" lastPageNumber="889" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1453,1536,1349,1395]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="129.[1451,2532,1349,1473]" box="[1453,1536,1349,1395]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<heading box="[1453,1536,1349,1395]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1453,1536,1349,1395]" captionStart="Plate 66: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="126.[130,160,3295,3320]" captionTargetBox="[11,2762,17,3657]" captionTargetPageId="125" captionText="269. Lesser Asiatic Yellow Bat (Scotophilus kuhlii), 270. Sody’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus collinus), 271. Greater Asiatic Yellow Bat (Scotophilus heathii), 272. Sulawesi Yellow Bat (Scotophilus celebensis), 273. Nut-colored Yellow Bat (Scotophilus nux), 274. Malagasy Yellow Bat (Scotophilus tandrefana), 275. Marovaza Yellow Bat (Scotophilus marovaza), 276. White-bellied Yellow Bat (Scotophilus leucogaster), 277. East African Yellow Bat (Scotophilus altilis), 278. Robust Yellow Bat (Scotophilus robustus), 279. Lesser Yellow Bat (Scotophilus borbonicus), 280. Eastern Greenish Yellow Bat (Scotophilus viridis), 281. Ejeta’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus ejetai), 282. Schreber’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus nigrita), 283. Robbins’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus nucella), 284. Andrew Rebori’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus andrewreborii), 285. Western Greenish Yellow Bat (Scotophilus nigritellus), 286. Livingstone’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus livingstonii), 287. Trujillo's Yellow Bat (Scotophilus trujilloi), 288. African Yellow Bat (Scotophilus dinganii), 289. Eritrean Yellow Bat (Scotophilus colias), 290. North American Evening Bat (Nycticeius humeralis), 291. Cuban Evening Bat (Nycticeius cubanus), 292. Temminck’s Mysterious Bat (Nycticetus aenobarbus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398541" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398541/files/figure.png" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">280.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[1551,2139,1349,1395]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="129.[1451,2532,1349,1473]" box="[1551,2139,1349,1395]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<heading box="[1551,2139,1349,1395]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1551,2139,1349,1395]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Eastern Greenish Yellow Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[2208,2531,1349,1395]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="129.[1451,2532,1349,1473]" box="[2208,2531,1349,1395]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<heading box="[2208,2531,1349,1395]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[2208,2531,1349,1395]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[2208,2531,1349,1395]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Scotophilus viridis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="129" pageNumber="888" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="129.[1451,2532,1349,1473]" box="[1453,2499,1413,1434]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<heading box="[1453,2499,1413,1434]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1453,1528,1413,1434]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1537,1730,1413,1434]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Scotophile verdatre</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1751,1842,1413,1434]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1851,2204,1413,1434]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Ostliche Grinliche Hausfledermaus</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2225,2316,1413,1434]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[2326,2412,1413,1434]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Scotofilo</vernacularName>
|
||
verdoso
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="129.[1451,2532,1349,1473]" box="[1452,2356,1452,1473]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<heading box="[1452,2356,1452,1473]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1452,1699,1452,1473]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1709,1882,1452,1473]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Green House Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName box="[1896,2096,1452,1473]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Greenish Yellow Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
,
|
||
<vernacularName box="[2109,2356,1452,1473]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Lesser Yellow House Bat</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[2064,2655,1519,1552]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="129.[2064,2658,1519,1944]" box="[2064,2655,1519,1552]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[2064,2220,1519,1552]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Peters, 1852" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[2238,2650,1519,1552]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticejus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">Nycticejus viridis Peters, 1852</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[2066,2552,1557,1590]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="129.[2064,2658,1519,1944]" box="[2066,2552,1557,1590]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864671304" box="[2066,2552,1557,1590]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2066,2345,1557,1590]" name="Mozambique Island" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Mozambique Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2362,2548,1557,1590]" name="Mozambique" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="129" pageNumber="888" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="129.[2064,2658,1519,1944]" lastBlockId="129.[1453,2666,1952,3485]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">
|
||
See S.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2157,2288,1596,1629]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">leucogaster</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The names
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2468,2598,1596,1629]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">leucogaster</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1803" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borbonicus">borbonicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[2175,2253,1643,1668]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[2269,2352,1643,1668]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">nigrita</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[2427,2534,1643,1668]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dinganii">dinganii</taxonomicName>
|
||
are taxonomically confused, and data in literature for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[2118,2196,1714,1747]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be under these names, or other species might be erroneously reported under
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[2206,2284,1793,1826]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The name “S. mhlangani?” is not valid and the criptic South African form must be included in S.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[2501,2579,1872,1905]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Two subspecies have been tentatively recognized under S.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[1666,1744,1952,1985]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">viridis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but cytochrome-b analyses revealed two paraphyletic lineages differing by ¢.12%, and one of them could be reliably identified as S.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Winton" authorityYear="1899" box="[2365,2488,1991,2024]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigritellus">nigritellus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="129" pageNumber="888" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398406" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398406" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398406/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" startId="129.[1453,1625,2035,2064]" targetBox="[1450,2041,1527,1941]" targetPageId="129">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="129.[1453,2666,1952,3485]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1453,1629,2035,2064]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Much of E & SE Africa as far S as E
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2151,2328,2035,2064]" name="South Africa" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2401,2540,2035,2064]" name="Swaziland" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Swaziland</collectingCountry>
|
||
; also on Mafia and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1604,1787,2072,2105]" name="Mozambique" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
Is.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="129" pageNumber="888" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="129.[1453,2666,1952,3485]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1454,1705,2114,2143]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body c.
|
||
<quantity box="[1914,2067,2114,2143]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.65" metricValueMax="8.2" metricValueMin="7.1" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" unit="mm" value="76.5" valueMax="82.0" valueMin="71.0">71-82 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail
|
||
<quantity box="[2141,2291,2114,2143]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" unit="mm" value="41.5" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="34.0">34-49 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear
|
||
<quantity box="[2368,2516,2114,2143]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="13.0">13-18 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot
|
||
<quantity box="[1455,1588,2149,2182]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8-10 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm
|
||
<quantity box="[1731,1882,2149,2182]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" unit="mm" value="46.0" valueMax="51.0" valueMin="41.0">41-51 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight 12-20-
|
||
<quantity box="[2095,2139,2149,2182]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" unit="g" value="5.0">5 g</quantity>
|
||
(measurements might include S. 7igritellus). Pelage is smooth, soft, and sleek. Mid-dorsal hairs are ¢.
|
||
<quantity box="[2397,2486,2188,2221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Dorsal pelage is greenish brown to medium brown, with paler bases. Ventral pelage is pale to medium yellow or whitish, pale gray or pale brown. Wings and uropatagium are dark brown and semi-translucent. Ears are short, separated, and dark brown, with inner margin strongly convex and outer margin almost straight. Tragus is moderately long, with rounded tip and concave anterior margin. Eyes are small. Testes are posterior to anus. Adult females have one pair of functional nipples. Skull is medium (greatest skull lengths 15-6-18-
|
||
<quantity box="[1760,1843,2465,2498]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) for
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1917,2059,2465,2498]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotophilus</taxonomicName>
|
||
; sagittal crest and occipital helmet are well developed; and profile of skull is mostly a gentle slope from front to back, with very shallow concavity in forehead region. I? is unicuspid; M' and M?* have concave surfaces and indistinct ridges and appear worn; and M? is very short with two ridges. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 36 and FNa =
|
||
<quantity box="[2057,2125,2624,2657]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3716" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" unit="in" value="54.0">54 in</quantity>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2136,2313,2624,2657]" name="South Africa" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="129" pageNumber="888" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="129.[1453,2666,1952,3485]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1456,1565,2663,2696]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Coastal forests (
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1801,1927,2663,2696]" name="Tanzania" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and miombo woodlands dominated by
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2508,2662,2663,2696]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Brachystegia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Brachystegia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1469,1603,2707,2736]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1626,1705,2707,2736]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Kirkiaceae" genus="Kirkia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Kirkia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1723,1875,2707,2736]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Kirkiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Kirkiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1958,2064,2707,2736]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sterculia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sterculia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2082,2232,2707,2736]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), mostly near streams (
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2542,2646,2707,2736]" name="Malawi" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="129" pageNumber="888" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="129.[1453,2666,1952,3485]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1456,1720,2742,2775]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1775,1874,2742,2775]" name="Malawi" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the Eastern Greenish Yellow Bat forages by slow hawking in clearings and moderately uncluttered spaces between tree trunks. In Kruger National Park, north-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1862,2038,2820,2853]" name="South Africa" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
, individuals moved toward a river apparently to drink before returning to their roosts. In coastal
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2210,2295,2861,2894]" name="Kenya" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
during dry season, stomachs ofsix individuals contained mainly
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2025,2181,2900,2933]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2253,2407,2900,2933]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2493,2655,2900,2933]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", Homoptera" authorityName="Homoptera" box="[1457,1749,2939,2972]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera, Homoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and other unidentified insects. In Kruger National Park, feces of eight individuals in dry season contained c.50%
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2170,2328,2978,3011]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2412,2588,2978,3011]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1529,1726,3019,3052]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1805,1958,3019,3052]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
less represented.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="129" pageNumber="888" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="129.[1453,2666,1952,3485]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1457,1591,3057,3090]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Litter size is two. Reproductive chronology in Kruger National Park is seasonally monoestrous, with insemination, ovulation, and fertilization in autumn. Embryo remains in morula stage for 6-8 weeks,followed by blastocyst stage of ¢.2 months. Implantation occursafter c.3 weeks. With warmer weather, embryogenesis accelerates and parturition occurs in November. In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2031,2130,3215,3248]" name="Malawi" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
, eight adult females were lactating in December, one was post-lactating in February, and seven were not pregnant or lactating in April-May. Volant young were recorded in October-January. Limited data from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1460,1556,3334,3367]" name="Malawi" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
suggest seasonal monoestry, with births at end of dry season and beginning of wet season (October-November).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="130" lastPageNumber="889" pageId="129" pageNumber="888" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="129.[1453,2666,1952,3485]" lastBlockId="130.[121,1326,292,879]" lastPageId="130" lastPageNumber="889" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1456,1692,3412,3445]" pageId="129" pageNumber="888">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Eastern Greenish Yellow Bat is able to take off from the ground. Aspectratio is low, wing loading is medium, flight is fast and agile, and maneuverability is moderate. Day roosts are in hollows of mopane trees (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[989,1318,292,325]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Colophospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Colophospermum mopane</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[122,257,331,364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), most of them in living trees. Radio-tracked males and females used 2-6 roosts during 4-10-day studies, but single roosts were not used for more than 3-4 days. Most females were active at 19:00-21:00 h (coinciding with peak insect abundance), and most males were active at 21:00-22:00 h. Mean echolocation call parameters were peak frequency of 46-9 kHz and duration of 2-9 milliseconds in Simangaliso Wetland Park, eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[324,506,528,561]" name="South Africa" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[572,711,528,561]" name="Swaziland" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Swaziland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, mean minimum frequency was 39-8 kHz (38-:5-41-2 kHz), frequency of the knee was 42-7 kHz (41-6-43-7 KHz), characteristic frequency was 40-1 kHz (38-:8-42-4 kHz), and duration was 3-5 milliseconds (2-5 milliseconds). Calls could be detected up to
|
||
<quantity box="[704,773,647,680]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[122,1061,686,719]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="130.[121,1326,292,879]" box="[122,1061,686,719]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,822,686,719]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[122,1172,725,758]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="130.[121,1326,292,879]" box="[122,1172,725,758]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[122,471,725,758]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Lust.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="130" pageNumber="889" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="130.[121,1326,292,879]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[123,275,772,797]" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Cotterill & Giddings (1987), Fenton et al. (1985), van der Merwe et al. (1988), Monadjem, Shapiro et al. (2017), Robbins et al. (1985), Ruedas et al. (1990), Schlitter et al. (1980), Schoeman & Waddington (2011), Vallo, Benda & Reiter (2011),
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[438,476,852,877]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="130" pageNumber="889">Van</collectingRegion>
|
||
Cakenberghe & Happold (2013r).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |