246 lines
21 KiB
XML
246 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" approvalRequired="37" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="8" approvalRequired_for_treatments="29" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF606ADFFF5597A51D02B6AA" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Murina florium Thomas 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="916" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="916" updateTime="1658433834459" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>716</mods:start>
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<mods:end>981</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581383" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628054" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6581383" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF606ADFFF5597A51D02B6AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF606ADFFF5597A51D02B6AA" lastPageNumber="916" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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<subSubSection box="[169,251,508,558]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="155.[167,1135,508,640]" box="[169,251,508,558]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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<heading box="[169,251,508,558]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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<figureCitation box="[169,251,508,558]" captionStart="Plate 69: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="154.[115,145,3324,3349]" captionTargetBox="[12,2759,18,3657]" captionTargetPageId="153" captionText="348. Annam Tube-nosed Bat (Murina annamitica), 349. Walston’s Tube-nosed Bat (Murina walstoni), 350. Brown Tube-nosed Bat (Murina suilla), 351. Flores Tube-nosed Bat (Murina florium), 352. Bronze Tube-nosed Bat (Munrina aenea), 353. Scully’s Tube-nosed Bat (Murina tubinaris), 354. Fiona’s Tube-nosed Bat (Murina fionae), 355. Guillen’s Tube-nosed Bat (Murina guilleni), 356. Round-eared Tube-nosed Bat (Murina cyclotis), 357. Peninsular Tube-nosed Bat (Murina perunsulars), 358. Libo Tube-nosed Bat (Murina liboensis), 359. Kon Tum Tube-nosed Bat (Murina kontumensis), 360. Hkakabo Razi Tube-nosed Bat (Murina hkakaboraziensis), 361. Gilded Tube-nosed Bat (Murina rozendaali), 362. Elery’s Tube-nosed Bat (Murina eleryi), 363. Bala Tube-nosed Bat (Murina balaensis), 364. Hidden Tube-nosed Bat (Murina recondita), 365. Gracile Tube-nosed Bat (Murina gracilis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398938/files/figure.png" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">351.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[268,734,508,558]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="155.[167,1135,508,640]" box="[268,734,508,558]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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<heading box="[268,734,508,558]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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<vernacularName box="[268,734,508,558]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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<collectingCountry box="[268,394,508,558]" name="Indonesia" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Flores</collectingCountry>
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Tube-nosed Bat
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[805,1087,508,558]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="155.[167,1135,508,640]" box="[805,1087,508,558]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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<heading box="[805,1087,508,558]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1908" box="[805,1087,508,558]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="155" pageNumber="916" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="florium">
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<emphasis box="[805,1087,508,558]" italics="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Murina florium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="155" pageNumber="916" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="155.[167,1135,508,640]" box="[168,1135,576,597]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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<heading box="[168,1135,576,597]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,244,576,597]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[254,423,576,597]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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Murine de
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<collectingCountry box="[364,423,576,597]" name="Indonesia" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Florés</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[445,535,576,597]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[545,731,576,597]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Flores-Rohrennase</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[753,844,576,597]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[854,1135,576,597]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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Ratonero narizudo de
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<collectingCountry box="[1076,1135,576,597]" name="Indonesia" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Flores</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="155.[167,1135,508,640]" box="[168,891,617,638]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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<heading box="[168,891,617,638]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[168,416,617,638]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[426,584,617,638]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Flute-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[593,891,617,638]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Tube-nosed Insectivorous Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[782,1372,680,713]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="155.[782,1375,680,1108]" box="[782,1372,680,713]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[782,938,680,713]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Thomas, 1908" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1908" box="[951,1367,680,713]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="155" pageNumber="916" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="florium">Murina florium Thomas, 1908</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[784,1367,728,753]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="155.[782,1375,680,1108]" box="[784,1367,728,753]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319500" box="[784,1367,728,753]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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“
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<collectingCountry box="[795,884,728,753]" name="Indonesia" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Flores</collectingCountry>
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,”
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<collectingRegion box="[911,1205,728,753]" country="Indonesia" name="Nusa Tenggara Timur" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Lesser Sunda Islands</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1222,1363,728,753]" name="Indonesia" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="155" pageNumber="916" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="155.[782,1375,680,1108]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1908" box="[784,996,759,792]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="155" pageNumber="916" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="florium">Murina florium</taxonomicName>
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appears to be related to M. swilla,
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<taxonomicName box="[923,1079,808,833]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="155" pageNumber="916" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walstoni">M. walstoni</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hill" authorityYear="1964" box="[1162,1284,808,833]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="155" pageNumber="915" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aenea">M. aenea</taxonomicName>
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based on very limited genetic data. Three subspecies have been named (nominotypical,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[786,868,926,951]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="155" pageNumber="916" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanosa">lanosa</taxonomicName>
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, and toxopei), but they are not recognized here pending additional studies. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="155" pageNumber="916" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398604" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398604" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398604/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="916" targetBox="[168,759,695,1109]" targetPageId="155">
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<paragraph blockId="155.[782,1375,680,1108]" lastBlockId="155.[170,1385,1120,3480]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[784,960,1035,1068]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Distribution.</emphasis>
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N & SE
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<collectingRegion box="[1096,1212,1035,1068]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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(including Peleng, Buton, and Kabaena Is), Lesser Sundas (Sumbawa,
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<collectingCountry box="[450,534,1120,1149]" name="Indonesia" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Flores</collectingCountry>
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Is),
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<collectingCountry box="[602,732,1120,1149]" name="Indonesia" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
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(Bacan, Buru,
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<collectingCountry box="[953,1061,1120,1149]" name="Indonesia" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Ambon</collectingCountry>
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, Seram Is), Gorong I, scattered localities in New
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<collectingCountry box="[561,665,1160,1189]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[685,998,1160,1189]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Bismarck Archipelago</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion box="[1025,1199,1160,1189]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">New Britain</collectingRegion>
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, Umboi Is), along with NE
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<collectingCountry box="[386,511,1195,1228]" name="Australia" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Australia</collectingCountry>
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(NE
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<collectingRegion box="[594,766,1195,1228]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Queensland</collectingRegion>
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, N to
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<collectingCountry box="[860,917,1195,1228]" name="Iran" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Iran</collectingCountry>
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Range and S between Shiptons Flat-Cedar Bay area and Mt Zero near Paluma).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="155" pageNumber="916" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="155.[170,1385,1120,3480]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[170,421,1278,1307]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 38-56-
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<quantity box="[700,785,1278,1307]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="155" pageNumber="916" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity box="[857,1035,1278,1307]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.345" metricValueMax="6.39" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="155" pageNumber="916" unit="mm" value="334.5" valueMax="639.0" valueMin="30.0">30-639 mm</quantity>
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, ear 10-
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<quantity box="[1144,1285,1278,1307]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="14.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="155" pageNumber="916" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="5.0">5—14 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot 7-
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<quantity box="[264,377,1317,1346]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="155" pageNumber="916" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="6.0">6-9 mm</quantity>
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, forearm 32-2-37-
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<quantity box="[637,717,1317,1346]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="155" pageNumber="916" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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; weight 4-3-10-
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<quantity box="[934,979,1317,1346]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.0" pageId="155" pageNumber="916" unit="g" value="9.0">9 g</quantity>
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. Fur long and woolly. Dorsal pelage is gray-brown to orange rufous brown (hairs with darkto light gray bases); venter is paler (hairs with dark bases). Dorsal pelage extends sparsely onto wings, uropatagium, thumbs, and feet. Face is sparsely haired except for long protuberant naked nostrils. Ears are short, broad, and rounded, with smoothly convex anterior margins, distinct notch on posterior margins, and broadly rounded tips; tragusis long and narrow and tapers toward pointed tip. Wing attaches near base of claw on first toe. Skull is robust, I? is taller than I’, upper premolars are similar in size, and mesostyles of M' and M* are well developed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="155" pageNumber="916" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="155.[170,1385,1120,3480]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[172,283,1668,1701]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Various tropical moist forests, including upland and lowland tropical rainforests with eucalypt understories (
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<collectingCountry box="[664,796,1708,1741]" name="Australia" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Australia</collectingCountry>
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||
), dry and wet sclerophyll woodlands, and disturbed forests from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
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<quantity box="[900,1007,1747,1780]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="155" pageNumber="916" unit="m" value="2800.0">2800 m</quantity>
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(generally more common at high elevations).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="155" pageNumber="916" type="food_feeding">
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||
<paragraph blockId="155.[170,1385,1120,3480]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[172,433,1826,1859]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry box="[445,529,1826,1859]" name="Indonesia" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Flores</collectingCountry>
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Tube-nosed Bats forage in subcanopies and canopies, avoiding open areas. They are slow and maneuverablefliers and can hover in flight. While flying and foraging, they make drawn-out, loud, high-pitched whistles. Based on fecal analysis, diet consists of mostly beetles and spiders, with trace amounts of moths and flies, indicative of a gleaning foraging style.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="155" pageNumber="916" type="breeding">
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||
<paragraph blockId="155.[170,1385,1120,3480]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[173,307,2024,2057]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Births of
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<collectingCountry box="[447,531,2024,2057]" name="Indonesia" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Flores</collectingCountry>
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Tube-nosed Bats most likely occur in October-November in
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<collectingCountry box="[172,297,2063,2096]" name="Australia" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Australia</collectingCountry>
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because lactating and post-lactating females have been caught in December. Males with enlarged testes have been caught in December in
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<collectingCountry box="[1035,1163,2103,2136]" name="Australia" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Australia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="155" pageNumber="916" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="155.[170,1385,1120,3480]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[172,406,2142,2175]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry box="[416,500,2142,2175]" name="Indonesia" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Flores</collectingCountry>
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Tube-nosed Bats emerge from roosts at dusk to forage through the night. They hover briefly under their roosts before flying off. They typically roost under and among dead leaves or other foliage such as the curled dead bases of epiphytes,tree ferns, palm fronds, and abandoned nests of Australian warblers (e.g. fernwren, Oreoscopus gutturalis, and yellow-throated scrubwren, Sericornis citreogularis) but can occasionally be found in caves or abandoned buildings. One individual roosted in a nest of a sacred kingfisher (Todiramphus sanctus), which was in a termite mount in a tree. When roosting in foliage, they usually roost
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<quantity box="[932,1015,2418,2451]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="155" pageNumber="916" unit="m" value="4.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="1.0">1-8 m</quantity>
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aboveground. Some individuals that were released during the day landed on broad leaves and wrapped leaves around them, holding leaves in position using their feet and thumb claws. Calls are low intensity steep FM sweeps, with short durations of 1-5-2 milliseconds and frequencies of ¢.60-120 kHz. These types of calls are effective at detecting sophisticated textures, allowing an individual to see stationary prey in cluttered environments. Unlike in many other echolocating bats, olfactory area of the brain of the
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<collectingCountry box="[1124,1208,2655,2688]" name="Indonesia" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Flores</collectingCountry>
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Tube-nosed Batis large, and large nostrils likely permit strong sense of smell, although this is uncertain in the genus Munna.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="155" pageNumber="916" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="155.[170,1385,1120,3480]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[176,884,2773,2806]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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The
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[964,1048,2773,2806]" country="Uruguay" name="Flores" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Flores</collectingRegion>
|
||
Tube-nosed Bat almost always roosts alone, with more than 80% of Australian roosts occupied by one individual. It can be found in small groups of up to a dozen individuals. It switches roosts often and will stay at the same roost for up to four days before moving to a new roost from a few meters to
|
||
<quantity box="[478,543,2931,2964]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="155" pageNumber="916" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
away. It might return to the same roost after a few days. It is found at low densities (20-30 ind/km?).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="155" pageNumber="916" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="155.[170,1385,1120,3480]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[178,548,3010,3043]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Flores Tube-nosed Bat is widespread but generally uncommon. In New
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1269,1377,3050,3083]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, only eight specimens were collected between 1959 and 1990, and it was first discovered in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[296,427,3129,3162]" name="Australia" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
in the early 1980s. It does not currently face any major threats, but it might be locally threatened in Sulawesi by forest clearing and agroforestry. The Flores Tube-nosed Bat is poorly known, and additional studies on its ecology and threats are needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="155" pageNumber="916" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="155.[170,1385,1120,3480]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[180,339,3295,3320]" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bonaccorso (1998), Churchill (2008), Clague (2000), Clague et al. (1999), Corbet & Hill (1992), Csorba et al. (2011), Flannery (1995a, 1995b), Hill & Rozendaal (1989), Hutson, Schlitter, Csorba, Bonaccorso & Hall (2008), Koopman & Danforth (1989), Kutt & Schulz (2000), Ouwendijk et al. (2014), Patterson et al. (2017), Richards et al. (1982), Schulz (1998a), Schulz & Hannah (1996, 1998), Schulz et al. (2008),
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[265,304,3455,3480]" country="Turkey" name="Van" pageId="155" pageNumber="916">Van</collectingRegion>
|
||
Deusen (1961), Zeng Xiang et al. (2018).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |