261 lines
25 KiB
XML
261 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF586AE0FA869DA11A47B283" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Myotis ciliolabrum" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="926" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="925" updateTime="1662483414275" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>716</mods:start>
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<mods:end>981</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6577854" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628146" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6577854" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF586AE0FA869DA11A47B283" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF586AE0FA869DA11A47B283" lastPageId="164" lastPageNumber="926" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">
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<subSubSection box="[1402,1484,3064,3114]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="163.[1400,2496,3064,3155]" box="[1402,1484,3064,3114]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">
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<heading box="[1402,1484,3064,3114]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">
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<figureCitation box="[1402,1484,3064,3114]" captionStart="Plate 70: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="161.[127,157,3239,3264]" captionTargetBox="[10,2760,19,3657]" captionTargetPageId="160" captionText="366. Disk-footed Bat (Eudiscopus denticulus), 367. Taiwan Broad-muzzled Bat (Submyotodon latirostris), 368. HimalayanBroad-muzzled Bat (Submyotodon caliginosus), 369. Moupin Broad-muzzled Bat (Submyotodon moupinensis), 370. Northern Myotis (Myotis septentrionalis), 371. South-western Myotis (Myotis auriculus), 372. Western Small-footed Myotis (Myotis ciliolabrum), 373. Dark-nosed Small-footed Myotis (Myotis melanorhinus), 374. Eastern Small-footed Myotis (Myotis leibii), 375. California Myotis (Myotis californicus), 376. Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus), 377. Keen’s Myotis (Myotis keenii), 378. Long-eared Myotis (Myotis evotis), 379. Fringed Myotis (Myotis thysanodes), 380. Arizona Myotis (Myotis occultus), 381. Long-legged Myotis (Myotis volans), 382. Flat-headed Myotis (Myotis planiceps), 383. Indiana Myotis (Myotis sodalis), 384. Cinnamon Myotis (Myotis fortidens), 385. Findley’s Myotis (Myotis findleyi), 386. Northern Hairy-legged Myotis (Myotis pilosatibialis), 387. Southern Hairy-legged Myotis (Myotis keaysi), 388. Red Myotis (Myotis ruber), 389. Riparian Myotis (Myotis riparius), 390. Velvety Myotis (Myotis simus), 391. Golden Myous (Myotis midastactus), 392. Elegant Myotis (Myotis elegans), 393. Fish-eating Myotis (Myotis vivesi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398940/files/figure.png" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">372.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[1498,2094,3064,3114]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="163.[1400,2496,3064,3155]" box="[1498,2094,3064,3114]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">
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<heading box="[1498,2094,3064,3114]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">
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<vernacularName box="[1498,2094,3064,3114]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">Western Small-footed Myotis</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2146,2495,3064,3114]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="163.[1400,2496,3064,3155]" box="[2146,2495,3064,3114]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">
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<heading box="[2146,2495,3064,3114]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[2146,2495,3064,3114]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="925" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ciliolabrum">
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<emphasis box="[2146,2495,3064,3114]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">Myotis ciliolabrum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1401,2339,3131,3152]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="163.[1400,2496,3064,3155]" box="[1401,2339,3131,3152]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">
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<heading box="[1401,2339,3131,3152]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1401,1476,3131,3152]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1486,1630,3131,3152]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">Murin pygmée</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1651,1742,3131,3152]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1749,2045,3131,3152]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">Westliches Kleinful3-Mausohr</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2065,2157,3131,3152]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2167,2339,3131,3152]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">Ratonero pigmeo</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1400,2090,3198,3231]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="163.[1399,2607,3198,3470]" box="[1400,2090,3198,3231]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1400,1555,3198,3231]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Merriam, 1886" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1886" box="[1576,2085,3198,3231]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="925" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ciliolabrum">Vespertilio ciliolabrum Merriam, 1886</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="163" pageNumber="925" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="163.[1399,2607,3198,3470]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319391" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">
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“near the town of Banner,” Trego County,
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<collectingRegion box="[1518,1614,3246,3271]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">Kansas</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1630,1695,3246,3271]" name="United States of America" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">USA</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="163" pageNumber="925" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="163.[1399,2607,3198,3470]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">
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Subgenus Pyzonux;
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Le Conte" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[1672,1789,3277,3310]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="925" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lucifugus">lucifugus</taxonomicName>
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species group. Populations of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1886" box="[2243,2436,3277,3310]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="927" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ciliolabrum">M. ciliolabrum</taxonomicName>
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were previously called
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[1573,1692,3316,3349]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="925" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keenii">M. keenii</taxonomicName>
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, M. leibir, M.
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<taxonomicName box="[1877,2001,3316,3349]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="925" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subulatus">subulatus</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[2080,2301,3316,3349]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="163" pageNumber="926" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanorhinus">M. melanorhinus</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="163" pageNumber="925" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398648" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398648" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398648/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="925" targetBox="[177,769,284,698]" targetPageId="164">
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<paragraph blockId="163.[1399,2607,3198,3470]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1400,1576,3359,3388]" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">Distribution.</emphasis>
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From SE Alberta and SW Saskatchewan (
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<collectingCountry box="[2177,2285,3359,3388]" name="Canada" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">Canada</collectingCountry>
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) S to SC
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<collectingCountry box="[2426,2490,3359,3388]" name="United States of America" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">USA</collectingCountry>
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, including E
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<collectingRegion box="[1483,1567,3395,3428]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">Idaho</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1583,1711,3395,3428]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">Montana</collectingRegion>
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, SW
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<collectingRegion box="[1781,1976,3395,3428]" country="United States of America" name="North Dakota" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">North Dakota</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1990,2127,3395,3428]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
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, W & S
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<collectingRegion box="[2237,2431,3395,3428]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
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, NE
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<collectingRegion box="[2500,2571,3395,3428]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">Utah</collectingRegion>
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, E
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<collectingRegion box="[1401,1534,3443,3468]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">Colorado</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1551,1684,3443,3468]" country="United States of America" name="Nebraska" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">Nebraska</collectingRegion>
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, W
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<collectingRegion box="[1738,1834,3443,3468]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">Kansas</collectingRegion>
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, and extreme NE
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<collectingRegion box="[2091,2268,3443,3468]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="163" pageNumber="925">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="164" pageNumber="926" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="164.[793,1384,281,705]" lastBlockId="164.[177,1385,711,2481]" pageId="164" pageNumber="926">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[793,1071,281,310]" pageId="164" pageNumber="926">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body ¢.39
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" unit="mm" value="41.0">41 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity box="[982,1137,321,350]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" unit="mm" value="43.0" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="37.0">37-49 mm</quantity>
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, ear
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<quantity box="[1224,1376,321,350]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="12.0">12-16 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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<quantity box="[925,1038,360,389]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="6.0">6-9 mm</quantity>
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, forearm 31:2-35-
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||
<quantity box="[1293,1376,360,389]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
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||
; weight
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||
<quantity box="[901,982,396,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" unit="g" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3-6 g</quantity>
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||
. Females are slightly larger than males. The Western Small-footed
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<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[794,883,475,508]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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is morphologically similar to the Eastern Smallfooted
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<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1123,1212,518,547]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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||
(M. leibir) and the Dark-nosed Small-footed
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<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1293,1382,554,587]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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(
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||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[807,1042,593,626]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanorhinus">M. melanorhinus</taxonomicName>
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). Fur is long and silky. Pelage is generally paler than in other North American
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<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1047,1131,672,705]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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||
. Dorsal hairs are bicolored, with blackish bases and flaxen to pale yellow tips; ventral hairs are is slightly paler, with dark brown bases and light yellow or nearly white tips. Ears are moderately long and extend slightly beyond nose when laid forward; tragus is long and narrow, being ¢.50% of ear length. Membranes, ears, and skin are blackish. Plagiopatagium is attached to feet by a broad band of membrane; calcar is distinctly keeled. Skull is moderate in size (greatest skull lengths 13-5-14-
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||
<quantity box="[808,900,908,941]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
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||
), and compared with the Eastern SmallHfooted
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[370,462,947,980]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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||
, the Dark-nosed Small-footed
|
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<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[904,996,947,980]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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||
, and the
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<collectingRegion box="[1140,1280,947,980]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="164" pageNumber="926">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1293,1383,947,980]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Audubon & Bachman" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[192,392,987,1020]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californicus">M. californicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Western Small-footed
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<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[778,867,987,1020]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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hasless steeply sloping frontal bone, flatter and broader skull, and greater rostral breadth. Parietal is normally inclined forward; occipital is rounded posteriorly; braincase is flattened; sagittal crest is generally absent but, when present,is very low; and lambdoidal crests are generally present and low. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FN = 50, with four pairs of metacentric and 17 pairs of acrocentric autosomes. X- and Y-chromosomes are submetacentric.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="164" pageNumber="926" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="164.[177,1385,711,2481]" pageId="164" pageNumber="926">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[178,289,1232,1257]" pageId="164" pageNumber="926">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Grasslands with rock outcrops, coniferous forests, deserts, and dry shrublands, at elevations of
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||
<quantity box="[502,677,1263,1296]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" unit="m" value="1800.0" valueMax="3300.0" valueMin="300.0">300-3300 m</quantity>
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||
. Along the Rockies and adjacent plains, Western Smallfooted
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[369,459,1302,1335]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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||
are generally found in broken terrain of canyons and foothills, commonly in places with cover of trees or shrubs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="164" pageNumber="926" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="164.[177,1385,711,2481]" pageId="164" pageNumber="926">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[179,444,1381,1414]" pageId="164" pageNumber="926">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Western Small-footed
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[841,930,1381,1414]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an aerial insectivore that forages only c.
|
||
<quantity box="[348,404,1421,1454]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
|
||
aboveground;it flights is erratic and slow. One-half of its foraging time is spent near rocks and cliffs and the remainder over open areas, forest canopy, and water. Diets contain
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[524,699,1500,1533]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
but also
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[824,932,1500,1533]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[947,1102,1500,1533]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1118,1315,1500,1533]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[180,338,1543,1572]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="164" pageNumber="926" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="164.[177,1385,711,2481]" pageId="164" pageNumber="926">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[179,313,1579,1612]" pageId="164" pageNumber="926">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Western Small-footed Myotisis polygynandrous and reproduces seasonally, generally starting in early July. Mating season begins shortly before hibernation, and females store sperm until spring when ovulation and fertilization occur. Gestation lasts ¢.2 months. Most females give birth to one young, but twins have been reported. Parturition seems to occur in July-September. Sexual maturity typically occurs at just over a year of age.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="164" pageNumber="926" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="164.[177,1385,711,2481]" pageId="164" pageNumber="926">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[177,415,1815,1848]" pageId="164" pageNumber="926">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Western Small-footed
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[814,904,1815,1848]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
begins foraging before full dark, and activity is concentrated in the three first hours of the night. It hibernates from early autumn through winter. It roosts in rock crevices,cliffs, abandoned mines, caves, and occasionally tunnels and buildings and under tree bark and rocks scattered on the ground. In
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[392,529,1973,2006]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="164" pageNumber="926">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
|
||
, calls had mean maximum frequency of 62-4 kHz, minimum frequency of 40-3 kHz, and duration of 3-5 milliseconds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="164" pageNumber="926" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="164.[177,1385,711,2481]" pageId="164" pageNumber="926">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[178,884,2056,2085]" pageId="164" pageNumber="926">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
While foraging, no Western Smallfooted
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[283,373,2091,2124]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
were reported further than
|
||
<quantity box="[797,867,2091,2124]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
from their roost or foraging areas. Western Small-footed
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[498,587,2131,2164]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
tend to be more solitary than congeners. In summer, pregnant females form maternity colonies of up to 20 individuals (adults and young), but sometimes they are solitary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="164" pageNumber="926" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="164.[177,1385,711,2481]" pageId="164" pageNumber="926">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[178,528,2250,2283]" pageId="164" pageNumber="926">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Western SmallHfooted
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[427,517,2297,2322]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="164" pageNumber="926" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widespread, common over most of its distribution, occurs in protected areas, and is unlikely to be declining at nearly the rate required to qualify for listing in a threatened category.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="164" pageNumber="926" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="164.[177,1385,711,2481]" pageId="164" pageNumber="926">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[178,331,2416,2441]" pageId="164" pageNumber="926">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Armstrong et al. (2011), Arroyo-Cabrales & Alvarez-Castafeda (2017h), Halloway & Barclay (2001), Landry (2004), O'Farrell et al. (1999), Simmons (2005), Wilson & Ruff (1999).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |