356 lines
35 KiB
XML
356 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF2F6A90FF509F02145BB6A2" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Myotis pilosus" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="974" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="974" updateTime="1662483414275" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>716</mods:start>
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<mods:end>981</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567119" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628200" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6567119" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF2F6A90FF509F02145BB6A2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF2F6A90FF509F02145BB6A2" lastPageNumber="974" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">
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<subSubSection box="[172,255,2395,2445]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="212.[170,1142,2395,2529]" box="[172,255,2395,2445]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">
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<heading box="[172,255,2395,2445]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">
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<figureCitation box="[172,255,2395,2445]" captionStart="Plate 74: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="211.[124,154,3336,3357]" captionTargetBox="[12,2762,19,3661]" captionTargetPageId="210" captionText="475. Russian Myotis (Myotis petax), 476. Big-footed Myotis (Myotis macrodactylus), 477. Fringed Long-footed Myotis (Myotis fimbriatus), 478. Ricketts Big-footed Myotis (Myotis pilosus), 479. Mandelli’s Myotis (Myotis sicarius), 480. Bechstein’s Myotis (Myotis bechsteinii), 481. Long-tailed Myotis (Myotis longicaudatus), 482. Daubenton’s Myotis (Myotis daubentonii), 483. Reddish Myotis (Myotis soror), 484. Fraternal Myotis (Myotis frater), 485. Bokhara Myotis (Myotis bucharensis), 486. Lesser Myotis (Myotis blythii), 487. Greater Myotis (Myotis myotis), 488. Maghreb Myotis (Myotis punicus), 489. Natterer’s Myotis (Myotis nattereri), 490. Cryptic Myotis (Myotis crypticus), 491. Schaub’s Myotis (Myotis schaubi), 492. Escalera’s Myotis (Myotis escalerar), 493. Zenati Myotis (Myotis zenatius), 494. Peking Myotis (Myotis pequinius), 495. Far Eastern Myotis (Myotis bombinus), 496. Large Myotis (Myotis chinensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399025/files/figure.png" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">478.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[271,824,2395,2445]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="212.[170,1142,2395,2529]" box="[271,824,2395,2445]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">
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<heading box="[271,824,2395,2445]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">
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<vernacularName box="[271,824,2395,2445]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Ricketts Big-footed Myotis</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[876,1142,2395,2445]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="212.[170,1142,2395,2529]" box="[876,1142,2395,2445]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">
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<heading box="[876,1142,2395,2445]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[876,1142,2395,2445]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pilosus">
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<emphasis box="[876,1142,2395,2445]" italics="true" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Myotis pilosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="212" pageNumber="974" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="212.[170,1142,2395,2529]" box="[172,1121,2464,2485]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">
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<heading box="[172,1121,2464,2485]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[172,247,2464,2485]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[257,420,2464,2485]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Murin de Rickett</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[440,531,2464,2485]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[542,803,2464,2485]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Rickett-Wasserfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[824,915,2464,2485]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[925,1121,2464,2485]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Ratonero de Rickett</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="212.[170,1142,2395,2529]" box="[171,661,2504,2525]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">
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<heading box="[171,661,2504,2525]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[171,418,2504,2525]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[429,661,2504,2525]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Rickett's Big-footed Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="212" pageNumber="974" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="212.[784,1377,2570,2998]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[784,939,2570,2603]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Peters, 1869" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1869" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pilosus" subGenus="Leuconoe">Vespertilio (Leuconoe) pilosus Peters, 1869</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[937,1249,2618,2643]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="212.[784,1377,2570,2998]" box="[937,1249,2618,2643]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319475" box="[937,1249,2618,2643]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">type locality not given.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="212" pageNumber="974" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="212.[784,1377,2570,2998]" lastBlockId="212.[170,1377,3004,3471]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[954,1034,2654,2683]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1090,1247,2654,2683]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrodactylus">macrodactylus</taxonomicName>
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species group. See
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hollister" authorityYear="1912" box="[943,1054,2689,2722]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petax">M. petax</taxonomicName>
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. Due to confusion with the type locality (thought to be Montevideo,
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<collectingCountry box="[861,977,2776,2801]" name="Uruguay" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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, South America), most authors used the name
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1075,1200,2807,2840]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ricketti">M. ricketti</taxonomicName>
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proposed by O. Thomas in 1894 and ignored the original name
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1869" box="[922,1050,2894,2919]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pilosus">M. pilosus</taxonomicName>
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, which is the oldest and most appropriate name available. Based on phylogeography of M. pilosusin
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<collectingCountry box="[1208,1291,2965,2998]" name="China" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">China</collectingCountry>
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, three lineages that correspond to distinct geographical populations were identified. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="212" pageNumber="974" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398975/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" startId="212.[171,343,3044,3077]" targetBox="[168,760,2584,2998]" targetPageId="212">
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<paragraph blockId="212.[170,1377,3004,3471]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[171,347,3044,3077]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Distribution.</emphasis>
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S & E
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<collectingCountry box="[453,537,3044,3077]" name="China" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">China</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion box="[561,664,3044,3077]" country="China" name="Beijing" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Beijing</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[682,795,3044,3077]" country="China" name="Shaanxi" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Shaanxi</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[814,959,3044,3077]" country="China" name="Shandong" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Shandong</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[972,1081,3044,3077]" country="China" name="Jiangsu" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Jiangsu</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1098,1188,3044,3077]" country="China" name="Anhui" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Anhui</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1207,1332,3044,3077]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion country="China" name="Jiangxi" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Jiangxi</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[268,357,3083,3116]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Fujian</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[375,475,3083,3116]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Hunan</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[495,617,3083,3116]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[636,804,3083,3116]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[823,944,3083,3116]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[959,1071,3083,3116]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1089,1189,3083,3116]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Xizang</collectingRegion>
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, and
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<collectingRegion box="[1271,1374,3083,3116]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Hainan</collectingRegion>
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I), C
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<collectingCountry box="[250,314,3131,3156]" name="Laos" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Laos</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion box="[339,683,3131,3156]" country="Laos" name="Khammouan" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Khammouane Province</collectingRegion>
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), N
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<collectingCountry box="[746,865,3131,3156]" name="Vietnam" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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(from
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<collectingRegion box="[973,1112,3131,3156]" country="Vietnam" name="Lang Son" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Lang Son</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1131,1261,3131,3156]" country="Vietnam" name="Nghe An" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Nghe An</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion country="Vietnam" name="Quang Binh" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Quang Binh</collectingRegion>
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, and
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<collectingRegion box="[329,447,3162,3195]" country="Vietnam" name="Bac Kan" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Bac Kan</collectingRegion>
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provinces), and recently reported from Meghalaya State in NE
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<collectingCountry box="[172,247,3201,3234]" name="India" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">India</collectingCountry>
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. Given this recent record far away from its main distribution, this species might occur in suitable habitats in
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<collectingCountry box="[570,703,3241,3274]" name="Myanmar" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[774,904,3241,3274]" name="Thailand" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="212" pageNumber="974" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="212.[170,1377,3004,3471]" lastBlockId="212.[1446,2656,280,3478]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[170,420,3285,3314]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity box="[608,758,3285,3314]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" unit="mm" value="58.0" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="51.0">51-65 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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||
<quantity box="[833,983,3285,3314]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" unit="mm" value="45.0" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="35.0">35-55 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear 11-22-
|
||
<quantity box="[1149,1235,3285,3314]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot 13-3-17-
|
||
<quantity box="[289,380,3324,3353]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm 52-1-63-
|
||
<quantity box="[648,738,3324,3353]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight 11-7-32.5 g (ranges from different sources). Compared with mainland specimens, 27 specimens from
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||
<collectingRegion box="[1171,1274,3360,3393]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Hainan</collectingRegion>
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||
Island were smaller (forearm 48-
|
||
<quantity box="[544,675,3407,3432]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" unit="mm" value="28.0" valueMax="51.0" valueMin="5.0">5-51 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail
|
||
<quantity box="[748,897,3407,3432]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" unit="mm" value="39.5" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="35.0">35-44 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear 11-16-
|
||
<quantity box="[1061,1149,3407,3432]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot 13-3— 16-
|
||
<quantity box="[215,297,3438,3471]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight
|
||
<quantity box="[418,580,3438,3471]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.6949999999999998" metricValueMax="2.2199999999999998" metricValueMin="1.17" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" unit="g" value="169.5" valueMax="222.0" valueMin="117.0">117-222 g</quantity>
|
||
), perhaps representing a subspecies. Rickett’s Big-footed
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<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1449,1538,280,313]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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has extreme large feet and very strong claws, well adapted for catching fish. Short fur is closely appressed to skin and velvety. Upperparts are drab, buffy gray-brown, with darker roots, and slightly darker on sides of head. Underparts are nearly off-white, with pale gray to white tips, and dark roots. Ears are medium brown and moderately large; anterior borders are smoothly convex but with well-defined notch at bases, bluntly pointed tips and straight posterior borders. Tragus is one-half the ear length and narrowly pointed. Muzzle is well covered with bristly whiskers. Tibiae are well haired above and below. Hindfeet are unusually large (c.80% the length oftibiae), with long, sharply pointed, pale, curved claws. Calcar is
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<quantity box="[1969,2098,596,629]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="9.0">9-10 mm</quantity>
|
||
and more than four-fifths the length of posterior border of uropatagium from foot to tip of tail. Uropatagium has some hair nearest to the body but no fringe on its margin. Wing membranes are dark brown and attach to ankle on ventral side of distal part of tibiae. Skull is medium-sized, with relatively broad rostrum and smooth dorsal profile. Anterior braincase does notrise sharply above rostrum, and there is only a very shallow concavity above posterior rostrum. Sagittal crest is poorly developed. Post-dental extension of palate is short and wide. Upper dentition is relatively weak; average length of upper tooth row (C-M?) is 8-
|
||
<quantity box="[2467,2549,872,905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Upper incisors are large, each with conspicuous supplementary cusp. Canines lack secondary cusps. P? is small, with single crown;it is situated in tooth row and usually in contact with C'. Crown area of P? is about one-half to two-thirds that of P%. P* displaced internally in tooth row and in close contact with P* which is about two-thirds the height of C' but has greater crown area. Upper molarsare typically myotodont. I, and I, are three-lobed from the front. C is about twice the height of Pail is about equal to or exceeds P, in height and crown area. P, is about one-half to two-thirds the crown area of P,, which is one-third to half that of C'. Condylo-basal lengths are 17-8-18-
|
||
<quantity box="[2336,2421,1188,1221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; maxillary tooth row lengths are 8-2-8-
|
||
<quantity box="[1754,1840,1228,1261]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FN = 52.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="212" pageNumber="974" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="212.[1446,2656,280,3478]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1448,1559,1267,1300]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Strictly dependent on large areas of water (e.g. lakes, reservoir, and large still rivers) in lowland secondary forests, karst areas, and open habitats or heavily disturbed vegetation (
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1615,1736,1351,1380]" name="Vietnam" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
) at known elevations of
|
||
<quantity box="[2084,2271,1351,1380]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" unit="m" value="2200.0" valueMax="3000.0" valueMin="1400.0">1400-3000 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="212" pageNumber="974" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="212.[1446,2656,280,3478]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1448,1709,1386,1419]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Stomach of one Rickett’s Big-footed
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2238,2326,1386,1419]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Pu Mat, Vietham contained insects, but 97% of droppings from two specimens in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[2318,2499,1425,1458]" country="Laos" name="Khammouan" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Khammouan</collectingRegion>
|
||
Limestone Area in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1558,1621,1465,1498]" name="Laos" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
contained fish scales and a small number of insects. In a study of ¢.43 individuals from an area near
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1799,1897,1504,1537]" country="China" name="Beijing" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Beijing</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1911,1995,1504,1537]" name="China" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, feces containedfish scales of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[2403,2554,1504,1537]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cyprinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="D.S.Jordan & Evermann" authorityYear="1902" box="[2573,2646,1504,1537]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Zacco" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Zacco</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1451,1570,1544,1577]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Carassius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Carassius</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1583,1701,1544,1577]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Phoxinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phoxinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and insects (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1891,2047,1544,1577]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", Homoptera, Ephemeroptera" authorityName="Homoptera, Ephemeroptera" box="[2062,2646,1544,1577]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera, Homoptera, Ephemeroptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1448,1600,1583,1616]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1617,1790,1583,1616]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1869,2067,1583,1616]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Scales of Z. platypus were the most abundantfish remains, and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1766,1920,1623,1656]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
made up 70% of identifiable insects. These individuals flew back and forth above the water surface of the reservoir near their roosting cave.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="212" pageNumber="974" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="212.[1446,2656,280,3478]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1448,1581,1701,1734]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Mating of Rickett’s Big-footed
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2007,2096,1701,1734]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
took place in October—April. Sperm was stored until ovulation occurred after hibernation in May-June. Births ofsingle young probably occurred from mid-June to July, and lactating females were reported from a temple in Du-le Si inJune-September. Sperm was present in cauda epididymis from late September to early April but absent from testes from mid-November to late August.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="212" pageNumber="974" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="212.[1446,2656,280,3478]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1446,1682,1899,1932]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Flight of Rickett’s Big-footed Myotisis rapid and agile. They roost in caves. In a cave near
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1739,1840,1938,1971]" country="China" name="Beijing" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Beijing</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1855,1941,1938,1971]" name="China" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, they hibernated from November to April. Echolocation calls have maximum frequency of 70-8 kHz, minimum frequency of 27-7 kHz, peak frequency of 40-6 kHz, average duration of 4-1 milliseconds, and average interpulse interval of 108-8 milliseconds. Calls of individuals in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[2304,2408,2057,2090]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Hainan</collectingRegion>
|
||
(forearm length
|
||
<quantity box="[1448,1551,2096,2129]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
||
) have peak frequency of 50-4 kHz, those from
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[2257,2352,2096,2129]" country="China" name="Henan" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Henan</collectingRegion>
|
||
(forearm 58-
|
||
<quantity box="[2555,2640,2096,2129]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
) 45-2 kHz, and those from
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1836,1935,2136,2169]" country="China" name="Beijing" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Beijing</collectingRegion>
|
||
(forearm 55-3-63-
|
||
<quantity box="[2209,2296,2136,2169]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) 41-9 kHz, which might reflect subspecific differences.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="212" pageNumber="974" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="212.[1446,2656,280,3478]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1448,2144,2215,2248]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Two female Rickett’s Big-footed
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found together with Large
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1972,2062,2254,2287]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(M.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tomes" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[2137,2251,2254,2287]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chinensis">chinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
) at the entrance of Lan Cat Cave,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1532,1654,2294,2327]" name="Vietnam" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which was small and cylindrical and surrounded by arable land. They were captured in August-mid October, near
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[2082,2181,2333,2366]" country="China" name="Beijing" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Beijing</collectingRegion>
|
||
over a water reservoir in a warm temperate zone forest, dominated by oaks and pines, ¢.
|
||
<quantity box="[2250,2323,2373,2406]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
|
||
away from a cave with Greater Horseshoe Bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), Rufous Tube-nosed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1872" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Murina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">Murina leucogaster</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and Greater
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1871,1961,2452,2485]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1988,2125,2452,2485]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myotis">M. myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Rickett’s Big-footed
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2442,2532,2452,2485]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more dependent on fish than smaller trawling species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2207,2291,2492,2525]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and travels considerable distances to forage. It is present in the southern part of the Funiu Mountains (
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[2547,2646,2531,2564]" country="China" name="Henan" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Henan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1449,1534,2571,2604]" name="China" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
) in summer only, suggesting they move to the area to access greater food resources. In the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1671,1770,2610,2643]" country="China" name="Beijing" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Beijing</collectingRegion>
|
||
area,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1862,1947,2610,2643]" name="China" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, cave colonies have up to 1000-2000 individuals. Summer roosts (including maternity roosts) are found in May-June in buildings or caves, some of which are used in winter. Some individuals roost in clusters, but territorial males are scattered in the cave, and other individuals are chased away when they approach a territory. Rickett’s Big-footed
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2032,2122,2768,2801]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
often shares its roosts with other bats and swifts (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1606,1750,2807,2840]" class="Aves" family="Apodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodiformes" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Apodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="212" pageNumber="974" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="212.[1446,2656,280,3478]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1448,1795,2847,2880]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red Last. Rickett’s Big-footed
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1604,1694,2886,2919]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="212" pageNumber="974" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
has low tolerance to human disturbance. It is highly dependent on water sources forits food, and water pollution in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2150,2234,2926,2959]" name="China" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
is a major threat. Research is needed on population status, ecology, habitat status, and conservation threats. It occurs in Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve (
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2205,2296,3012,3037]" name="China" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
), Qomolangma National Nature Reserve (
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1686,1777,3048,3077]" name="China" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and Kim Hy Nature Reserve (northern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[2358,2485,3048,3077]" name="Vietnam" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="212" pageNumber="974" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="212.[1446,2656,280,3478]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1448,1599,3092,3117]" pageId="212" pageNumber="974">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Aizpurua & Alberdi (2018), Allen (1936, 1938b), Amadoretal. (2018), Bates et al. (1999), Bianchi (1917), Borisenko & Kruskop (2003), Carter & Dolan (1978), Corbet (1978), Corbet & Hill (1992), Csorba & Bates (2008b), Ellerman & Morrison-Scott (1951, 1966), Francis (2008a), Furey & Racey (2016b), Hendrichsen, Bates & Hayes (2001), Honacki et al. (1982), Horagek et al. (2000), Hu Yiming et al. (2014), Kawai et al. (2003), Koopman (1993, 1994), Kruskop (2013a), Li Yuchun et al. (2006), Lu Guanjun et al. (2013), Ma Jie, Jones et al. (2003), Ma Jie, Zhang Jinshuo et al. (2006), Miller & Allen (1928), Niu Hongxing, Wang Ning et al. (2007), Peters (1869c), Rasweiler et al. (2011), Robinson & Webber (1998, 2000), Ruedi, Csorba et al. (2015), Ruedi, Stadelmann et al. (2013), Saikia (2018), Simmons (2005), Stadelmann, Jacobs et al. (2004), Stadelmann, Lin Liangkong et al. (2007), Tang Zhanhui et al. (2012), Thomas (1894), Wang Sung & Xie Yan (2004), Wang Zhe, Liang Bing et al. (2008), Wang Zhe, Shi Qixian etal. (2008), Wilson (2008b), Wu Yi & Harada (2006), Zhang Zhenzhen etal. (2009).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |