treatments-xml/data/03/FE/D9/03FED906FFEB386AFF0EC0C9FB5EFD7C.xml
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<document id="649A34A9994EB504D20A2E708AAD4858" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629784348598" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Namayandeh, Armin, Bilyj, Bohdan, Beresford, David V., Somers, Keith M. &amp; Dillon, Peter J." docDate="2012" docId="03FED906FFEB386AFF0EC0C9FB5EFD7C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03324p065.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3324" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Meropelopia flavifrons" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFC7A17EFFE23860FF99C204FFC4FFFF" masterDocTitle="3324" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1699111555428" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<treatment id="03FED906FFEB386AFF0EC0C9FB5EFD7C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5253137" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5253137" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FED906FFEB386AFF0EC0C9FB5EFD7C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FED906FFEB386AFF0EC0C9FB5EFD7C" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<subSubSection id="C34D3B9BFFEB3869FF0EC0C9FD89FD18" box="[151,589,717,743]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE86810FFEB3869FF0EC0C9FD89FD18" blockId="9.[151,589,717,775]" box="[151,589,717,743]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0A0DF7CFFEB3869FF0EC0C9FD89FD18" bold="true" box="[151,589,717,743]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C571393FFEB3869FF0EC0C9FD89FD18" ID-CoL="XK76" authority="(Johannsen)" baseAuthorityName="Johannsen" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[151,589,717,743]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Meropelopia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavifrons">
<emphasis id="B923B402FFEB3869FF0EC0C9FD89FD18" bold="true" box="[151,589,717,743]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B923B402FFEB3869FF0EC0C9FE68FD18" bold="true" box="[151,428,717,743]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Meropelopia flavifrons</emphasis>
(Johannsen)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D3B9BFFEB3869FF0EC0EBFED6FCF8" box="[151,274,751,775]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE86810FFEB3869FF0EC0EBFED6FCF8" blockId="9.[151,589,717,775]" box="[151,274,751,775]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<figureCitation id="136C7495FFEB3869FF0EC0EBFED6FCF8" box="[151,274,751,775]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[150,249,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,935,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-302@9.[188,1398,935,1924]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Meropelopia flavifrons (Johannsen), larva (AG). A—labrum; B—maxillary palpus, arrow indicating sensillum b; C—antenna; D—mandible, arrow pointing to accessory tooth; E—pseudoradula; F—ligula and hypopharyngeal pecten; G—ventral cephalic setae (S9, S10, SSm) and ventral pore (VP)." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 4AG</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D3B9BFFEB386AFF0EC133FA9BFE9B" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE86810FFEB386AFF0EC133FA91FEE3" blockId="9.[151,1435,823,883]" lastBlockId="10.[150,1436,151,644]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B923B402FFEB3869FF0EC133FED5FCAF" bold="true" box="[151,273,823,848]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Head pale yellowish brown with posterior margin slightly darker, gular sclerite indiscernible; labrum as in
<figureCitation id="136C7495FFEB3869FF2DC15FFEC9FC8C" box="[180,269,859,883]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[150,249,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,935,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-302@9.[188,1398,935,1924]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Meropelopia flavifrons (Johannsen), larva (AG). A—labrum; B—maxillary palpus, arrow indicating sensillum b; C—antenna; D—mandible, arrow pointing to accessory tooth; E—pseudoradula; F—ligula and hypopharyngeal pecten; G—ventral cephalic setae (S9, S10, SSm) and ventral pore (VP)." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
; maxillary palp (
<figureCitation id="136C7495FFEB3869FE55C15FFDE7FC8C" box="[460,547,859,883]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[150,249,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,935,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-302@9.[188,1398,935,1924]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Meropelopia flavifrons (Johannsen), larva (AG). A—labrum; B—maxillary palpus, arrow indicating sensillum b; C—antenna; D—mandible, arrow pointing to accessory tooth; E—pseudoradula; F—ligula and hypopharyngeal pecten; G—ventral cephalic setae (S9, S10, SSm) and ventral pore (VP)." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
) with 2-segmented sensillum b; antenna as in
<figureCitation id="136C7495FFEB3869FBB4C15FFB47FC8C" box="[1069,1155,859,883]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,839,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-228@8.[188,1398,839,1914]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Meropelopia americana (Fittkau), larva (AF). A—maxillary palpus, arrow indicating sensillum b; B—antennal flagellum; C—mandible, arrow pointing to accessory tooth; D—pseudoradula; E—ligula; F—ventral cephalic setae (S9, S10, SSm) and ventral pore (VP)." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
, basal antennal segment 265 µm long, 1.92.0x as long as mandible, AR 4.34.4; mandible (
<figureCitation id="136C7495FFE8386AFCE1C293FC0AFF50" box="[888,974,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[150,249,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,935,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-302@9.[188,1398,935,1924]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Meropelopia flavifrons (Johannsen), larva (AG). A—labrum; B—maxillary palpus, arrow indicating sensillum b; C—antenna; D—mandible, arrow pointing to accessory tooth; E—pseudoradula; F—ligula and hypopharyngeal pecten; G—ventral cephalic setae (S9, S10, SSm) and ventral pore (VP)." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
) with small accessory tooth; pseudoradula (
<figureCitation id="136C7495FFE8386AFF06C2B8FF31FF2B" box="[159,245,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[150,249,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,935,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-302@9.[188,1398,935,1924]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Meropelopia flavifrons (Johannsen), larva (AG). A—labrum; B—maxillary palpus, arrow indicating sensillum b; C—antenna; D—mandible, arrow pointing to accessory tooth; E—pseudoradula; F—ligula and hypopharyngeal pecten; G—ventral cephalic setae (S9, S10, SSm) and ventral pore (VP)." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
) tapering to broader base with irregular rows of fine granules distally and coarser ones interspersed with wavy lines near base; ligula (
<figureCitation id="136C7495FFE8386AFE45C2DBFDF4FF08" box="[476,560,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[150,249,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,935,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-302@9.[188,1398,935,1924]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Meropelopia flavifrons (Johannsen), larva (AG). A—labrum; B—maxillary palpus, arrow indicating sensillum b; C—antenna; D—mandible, arrow pointing to accessory tooth; E—pseudoradula; F—ligula and hypopharyngeal pecten; G—ventral cephalic setae (S9, S10, SSm) and ventral pore (VP)." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
) with strongly concave toothed margin, inner laterals slightly out-turned; ventral cephalic setae and VP as in
<figureCitation id="136C7495FFE8386AFE62C300FD90FEE3" box="[507,596,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[150,249,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,935,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-302@9.[188,1398,935,1924]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Meropelopia flavifrons (Johannsen), larva (AG). A—labrum; B—maxillary palpus, arrow indicating sensillum b; C—antenna; D—mandible, arrow pointing to accessory tooth; E—pseudoradula; F—ligula and hypopharyngeal pecten; G—ventral cephalic setae (S9, S10, SSm) and ventral pore (VP)." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
; body with scattered setae about half as long as subtending segment.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF283898FFEB3869FF0FC59EFCECF812" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[150,249,1946,1969]" targetBox="[188,1398,935,1924]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BE86810FFEB3869FF0FC59EFCECF812" blockId="9.[150,1436,1946,2029]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B923B402FFEB3869FF0FC59EFED6F84E" bold="true" box="[150,274,1946,1969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C571393FFEB3869FE81C59EFD47F84F" authority="(Johannsen)" baseAuthorityName="Johannsen" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[280,643,1946,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Meropelopia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavifrons">
<emphasis id="B923B402FFEB3869FE81C59EFDC4F84F" box="[280,512,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Meropelopia flavifrons</emphasis>
(Johannsen)
</taxonomicName>
, larva (AG). A—labrum; B—maxillary palpus, arrow indicating sensillum b; C—antenna; D—mandible, arrow pointing to accessory tooth; E—pseudoradula; F—ligula and hypopharyngeal pecten; G—ventral cephalic setae (S9, S10, SSm) and ventral pore (VP).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE86810FFE8386AFF5EC32CFA9BFE9B" blockId="10.[150,1436,151,644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B923B402FFE8386AFF5EC32CFED5FEBF" bold="true" box="[199,273,296,320]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">Notes.</emphasis>
The larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C571393FFE8386AFE2BC32DFD80FEBF" baseAuthorityName="Johannsen" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[434,580,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Meropelopia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavifrons">
<emphasis id="B923B402FFE8386AFE2BC32DFD80FEBF" box="[434,580,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M. flavifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from the above species by its smaller size (shorter basal antennal segment) and the form of the pseudoradula, which is more tapered and has wavy lines near the base.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D3B9BFFE8386AFF5EC374FB5EFD7C" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE86810FFE8386AFF5EC374FF1BFE0B" blockId="10.[150,1436,151,644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B923B402FFE8386AFF5EC374FE07FE77" bold="true" box="[199,451,367,392]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">Ecology and habitat.</emphasis>
The species is common on leaf packs of first order mountain streams (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC615E1FFE8386AFB66C36BFF17FE53" author="Hudson, P. L. &amp; Lenat, D. R. &amp; Caldwell, B. A. &amp; Smith, D." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref26871" refString="Hudson, P. L., Lenat, D. R., Caldwell, B. A. &amp; Smith, D. (1990) Chironomidae of the southeastern United States: a checklist of species and notes on biology, distribution, and habitat. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish and Wildlife Research, 7, 46 pp." type="book" year="1990">
Hudson
<emphasis id="B923B402FFE8386AFAF8C375FA58FE77" box="[1377,1436,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
1990
</bibRefCitation>
). They can occur in streams with pH 4.17.0 (
<emphasis id="B923B402FFE8386AFD4FC39CFD20FE55" box="[726,740,408,426]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">X</emphasis>
= 6.05) and water temperature of 918 °C (
<emphasis id="B923B402FFE8386AFB54C39CFB1FFE55" box="[1229,1243,408,426]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">X</emphasis>
= 14° C,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC615E1FFE8386AFADFC390FF17FE30" author="Roback, S. S." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="73 - 128" refId="ref27527" refString="Roback, S. S. (1981) The immature chironomids of the eastern United States V. Pentaneurini-Thienemannimyia Group. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 133, 73 - 128." type="journal article" year="1981">Roback 1981</bibRefCitation>
). Larvae were common in all habitats of the study streams, found mainly in moss and leaf packs (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC615E1FFE8386AFADCC3B3FF17FE0B" author="Roback, S. S." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="73 - 128" refId="ref27527" refString="Roback, S. S. (1981) The immature chironomids of the eastern United States V. Pentaneurini-Thienemannimyia Group. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 133, 73 - 128." type="journal article" year="1981">Roback 1981</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE86810FFE8386AFF5EC3FBFED5FDC4" blockId="10.[150,1436,151,644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B923B402FFE8386AFF5EC3FBFEBFFDE7" bold="true" box="[199,379,511,536]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">Sampling sites.</emphasis>
We found the larvae inhabiting streams in all the provincial parks and districts located in our study area.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE86810FFE8386AFF5EC043FB5EFD7C" blockId="10.[150,1436,151,644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B923B402FFE8386AFF5EC043FE09FD9F" bold="true" box="[199,461,583,608]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">Nearctic distribution.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3F624DFFE8386AFE43C043FC4FFDA0" box="[474,907,583,607]" country="Canada" location="Alberta" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alberta">
<collectingCountry id="F3402880FFE8386AFE43C043FDF6FDA0" box="[474,562,583,607]" name="Canada" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Canada</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="4993A6F2FFE8386AFDDAC043FD5EFDA0" box="[579,666,583,607]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Alberta</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4993A6F2FFE8386AFD32C043FC88FDA0" box="[683,844,583,607]" country="Canada" name="Saskatchewan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Saskatchewan</collectingRegion>
, first
</materialsCitation>
<collectingRegion id="4993A6F2FFE8386AFC00C043FC2AFDA0" box="[921,1006,583,607]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ontario</collectingRegion>
record,
<materialsCitation id="3B3F624DFFE8386AFBCEC043FB51FD7C" country="United States of America" location="Connecticut" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Connecticut">
Québec.
<collectingCountry id="F3402880FFE8386AFB58C043FB39FDA0" box="[1217,1277,583,607]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="4993A6F2FFE8386AFA94C043FA53FDA0" box="[1293,1431,583,607]" country="United States of America" name="Connecticut" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Connecticut</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4993A6F2FFE8386AFF0EC068FF37FD7B" box="[151,243,620,644]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Georgia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4993A6F2FFE8386AFF67C068FE96FD7C" box="[254,338,620,643]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Kansas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4993A6F2FFE8386AFEC4C068FE24FD7B" box="[349,480,620,644]" country="United States of America" name="New Jersey" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">New Jersey</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4993A6F2FFE8386AFE72C068FDA5FD7B" box="[491,609,620,644]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">New York</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4993A6F2FFE8386AFDF5C068FD60FD7B" box="[620,676,620,644]" country="United States of America" name="Ohio" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ohio</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4993A6F2FFE8386AFD2BC068FC99FD7B" box="[690,861,620,644]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4993A6F2FFE8386AFCF0C068FBD0FD7B" box="[873,1044,620,644]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="4993A6F2FFE8386AFB86C068FB51FD7C" box="[1055,1173,620,643]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>