122 lines
16 KiB
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122 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="20FD0B861BE553ADDF7A47D100BA7F32" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3666.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="35615276-4024-448b-baf6-a96a0697b933" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="220054" ID-ZooBank="4951C68A-93C4-4777-B7D4-D7D657AE1DBC" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460623009869" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mullins, Patricia L., Riley, Edward G. & Oswald, John D." docDate="2013" docId="03BDFF506D1C5078B7A4FC12FAC5FF01" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03666p251.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3666 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Oiceoptoma inaequale Fabricius 1781" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="226" masterDocId="FF8487286D19507EB733FFE5FFEEFFF6" masterDocTitle="Identification, distribution, and adult phenology of the carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) of Texas" masterLastPageNumber="251" masterPageNumber="221" pageNumber="226" updateTime="1698334092548" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="2213795807CF2008AC146C4A4E50BD20">Identification, distribution, and adult phenology of the carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) of Texas</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0CAA835B5EC208214199775207D302E7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="56C5A5ACA2EF80E812F43D57275B64C7">Mullins, Patricia L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B3BD2985B1EBEF789FEBD8F25E284700">Riley, Edward G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="987770A35D7D32AD1ADBEE7DE0BF7DAA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6412AE40D8FE639C5CCF2C0EDA338705">Oswald, John D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="186579730E0F295CA843DAB7ED355850">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="59E180CB1AA8FBD73C499311C2ECF9CC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E922C6D8C553A40688C8BF24D34435B7">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CEE5AF359AD7D22BCA0EFE840B812707">3666</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="7DA601468B7684F826817321C600EBE5" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3666.2.7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BDFF506D1C5078B7A4FC12FAC5FF01" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6149451" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125814695" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6149451" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDFF506D1C5078B7A4FC12FAC5FF01" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BDFF506D1C5078B7A4FC12FAC5FF01" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<subSubSection id="C30E1DCD6D1C507BB7A4FC12FDF7FB8E" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1C507BB7A4FC12FD6EFBE7" blockId="5.[151,640,1015,1074]" box="[151,640,1015,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<heading id="D0E3F92A6D1C507BB7A4FC12FD6EFBE7" bold="true" box="[151,640,1015,1041]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1435C56D1C507BB7A4FC12FD6EFBE7" authority="Fabricius, 1781" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1781" box="[151,640,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Silphidae" genus="Oiceoptoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequale">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1C507BB7A4FC12FD6EFBE7" bold="true" box="[151,640,1015,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1C507BB7A4FC12FE48FBE7" bold="true" box="[151,422,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Oiceoptoma inaequale</emphasis>
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(Fabricius, 1781)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1C507BB7A4FBFFFE93FBC4" blockId="5.[151,640,1015,1074]" box="[151,381,1050,1074]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<figureCitation id="132F52C36D1C507BB7A4FBFFFF0BFBC4" box="[151,229,1050,1074]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1537,1560]" captionTargetBox="[157,1417,783,1505]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,772,1516]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Details of Texas Silphidae. 1. Nicrophorus pustulatus, presence of epistomal suture; 2. Nicrophorinae, antenna; 3. Necrophila americana, absence of epistomal suture; 4. Silphinae, antenna; 5. Necrodes surinamensis, pronotum; 6. Oiceoptoma inaequale, pronotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220055/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132F52C36D1C507BB7C2FBFEFEEFFBC4" box="[241,257,1051,1074]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1211,1234]" captionTargetBox="[178,1407,319,1168]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,303,1189]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Details of Texas Silphidae. 7. Oiceoptoma inaequale, ventral view, wide elytral epipleuron; 8. Oiceoptoma rugulosum, ventral view, narrow elytral epilpeuron; 9. Nicrophorus carolinus, pronotum; 10. Nicrophorus americanus, pronotum; 11. Nicrophorus americanus, tarsal empodium quadrisetose." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220056/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132F52C36D1C507BB63EFBFFFEC5FBC4" box="[269,299,1050,1074]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1602,1625]" captionTargetBox="[189,1406,526,1571]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[171,1416,515,1581]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 23. Habitus of Texas Silphidae. 18, Necrophila americana; 19, Necrodes surinamensis; 20, Oiceoptoma inaequale; 21, O. noveboracense; 22, O. rugulosum; 23, Thanatophilus truncatus. All scale bars = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220058/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">20</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132F52C36D1C507BB604FBFFFEBBFBC4" box="[311,341,1050,1074]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 36" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,818,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,807,1939]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 36. Adult seasonality profiles based on occurrence records for Texas Silphidae, Silphinae. 31, Necrophila americana; 32, Necrodes surinamensis; 33, Oiceoptoma inaequale; 34, O. noveboracense; 35, O. rugulosum; 36, Thanatophilus truncatus. For an explanation of occurrence record calculations, see Methods." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220060/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">33</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="132F52C36D1C507BB652FBFFFE93FBC4" box="[353,381,1050,1074]" captionStart="FIGURES 44 – 49" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[179,1402,212,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[160,1420,193,1958]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 44 – 49. Distribution maps for Texas Silphidae, Silphinae. 44, Necrophila americana; 45, Necrodes surinamensis; 46, Oiceoptoma inaequale; 47, O. noveboracense; 48, O. rugulosum; 49, Thanatophilus truncatus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220063/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">46</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1C507BB7A4FB87FDF7FB8E" blockId="5.[151,537,1122,1144]" box="[151,537,1122,1144]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1435C56D1C507BB7A4FB87FDFAFB8E" authority="Fabricius, 1781: 87" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityPageNumber="87" authorityYear="1781" box="[151,532,1122,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1C507BB7A4FB87FEA6FB8E" box="[151,328,1122,1144]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Silpha inaequalis</emphasis>
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Fabricius, 1781: 87
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30E1DCD6D1C507BB7A4FB40FEA2FA63" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1C507BB7A4FB40FDBDFABB" blockId="5.[151,1436,1189,2005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1C507BB7A4FB40FEFFFB48" bold="true" box="[151,273,1189,1214]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Body length
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<quantity id="4CECE3A36D1C507BB699FB40FDC8FB4B" box="[426,550,1189,1213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="13.0">13–16 mm</quantity>
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, broadly oval to subparallel, entirely black. Head with short row of long, erect hairs behind each eye. Pronotum broadest at base, disc with short black hairs. Elytral apices conjointly rounded; humerus with tooth; disc tricostate, intervals distally with weak rugulose sculpturing; epipleuron wide in posterior half with upper oblique portion twice width of lower vertical portion, coloration not differing from remainder of body.
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<collectingCountry id="F3030ED66D1C507BB7E8FAD0FEFDFABB" box="[219,275,1333,1357]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Hind</collectingCountry>
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femur of males unmodified.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1C507BB7FAFABFFEA2FA63" blockId="5.[151,1436,1189,2005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1C507BB7FAFABFFEF2FA84" bold="true" box="[201,284,1370,1394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Range.</emphasis>
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Quebec south to Florida, west to Ontario, South Dakota and Texas (Anderson & Peck 1985, Peck & Kaulbars 1987).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30E1DCD6D1C5078B7FAFA47FAC5FF01" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1C507BB7FAFA47FA7EF998" blockId="5.[151,1436,1189,2005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1C507BB7FAFA47FE47FA4C" bold="true" box="[201,425,1441,1466]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Texas distribution.</emphasis>
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See
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<figureCitation id="132F52C36D1C507BB6D2FA44FDDAFA4F" box="[481,564,1441,1465]" captionStart="FIGURES 44 – 49" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[179,1402,212,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[160,1420,193,1958]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 44 – 49. Distribution maps for Texas Silphidae, Silphinae. 44, Necrophila americana; 45, Necrodes surinamensis; 46, Oiceoptoma inaequale; 47, O. noveboracense; 48, O. rugulosum; 49, Thanatophilus truncatus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220063/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
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. This species is confined to the Texan and Austroriparian biotic provinces of Texas. It occurs in the following Texas vegetational areas: pineywoods, gulf prairies and marshes, post oak savannah, blackland prairies, and cross timbers and prairies. Confirmed counties (30): Brazos, Cherokee, Cooke, Dallas, Delta, Denton, Ellis, Falls, Fannin, Grimes, Harris, Harrison, Houston, Hunt, Jackson, Lamar, Leon, Madison, McLennan, Montague, Nacogdoches, Newton, Parker, Polk, Robertson, Sabine, San Jacinto, Smith, Tyler, Walker, Wood. Collections: BRC, EGRC, JAC, PLM, SFAC, SHSU, TAMU, TORC, TTU, UTIC, WTAM.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1C507BB7FAF99CFCA7F943" blockId="5.[151,1436,1189,2005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1C507BB7FAF99CFE26F964" bold="true" box="[201,456,1657,1682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Seasonality in Texas.</emphasis>
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See
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<figureCitation id="132F52C36D1C507BB535F99CFDB2F967" box="[518,604,1657,1681]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 36" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,818,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,807,1939]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 36. Adult seasonality profiles based on occurrence records for Texas Silphidae, Silphinae. 31, Necrophila americana; 32, Necrodes surinamensis; 33, Oiceoptoma inaequale; 34, O. noveboracense; 35, O. rugulosum; 36, Thanatophilus truncatus. For an explanation of occurrence record calculations, see Methods." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220060/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
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. The adult seasonality profile of this species (based on 117 occurrence records: Appendix I) is unimodal, with a large peak in spring.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1C507BB7FAF924FE82F8D7" blockId="5.[151,1436,1189,2005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1C507BB7FAF924FE61F92C" bold="true" box="[201,399,1729,1754]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Biological Notes.</emphasis>
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Anderson and Peck (1985) report that adults are mainly diurnal and appear to be restricted to deciduous forest habitats. In Kansas, this species prefers wooded areas but is often present in open fields (Lingafelter 1995).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D1C5078B7FAF8CBFAC5FF01" blockId="5.[151,1436,1189,2005]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,247]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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Data from examined labels. Collecting methods: hanging sugarbait trap, flight intercept trap, UV light, Lindgren funnel trap, pit-fall trap, hanging carrion trap, elevated flight intercept trap, Malaise trap, baited pit-fall trap. Habitat records: grassland [Malaise], beech–magnolia forest [pit-fall trap and Lindgren funnel trap], upland forest [flight intercept trap], bottomland forest [hanging sugarbait trap], in leaf litter, beating
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<emphasis id="B96092546D1C507BB390F87FFA72F847" box="[1187,1436,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1435C56D1C507BB390F87FFA76F847" box="[1187,1432,1945,1969]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marylandica">Quercus marylandica</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and in rotting logs. Carrion records: snake/squirrel [hanging carrion trap], deer, opossum, dog, tiger [dead zoo specimen], pig, cat, shad, and cow. This species is present in the eastern forested biotic provinces of Texas, with a few records in the open prairie vegetational areas in the northeastern area of the state. Anderson (1982), Schubeck (1983), Cole (1942) and Watson and Carlton (2005) provide details on the natural history of this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |