497 lines
59 KiB
XML
497 lines
59 KiB
XML
<document id="1B7D30F6B92BCC9F1FCF76A901805E08" ID-CLB-Dataset="6532" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4966.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1322b578-84ee-418e-963a-c0327462188c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4736449" ID-ZooBank="E4C6A17A-D590-4C0C-A66D-4C30ECAFF9AA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620116301451" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Opresko, Dennis M., Bo, Marzia, Stein, David P., Evankow, Ann, Distel, Daniel L. & Brugler, Mercer R." docDate="2021" docId="039887DDEB728F7F41BED3A424EDFEC6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4966.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4966 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Aphanostichopathes paucispina" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="173" masterDocId="FFA1FFA5EB7A8F734129D5292601FFDB" masterDocTitle="Description of two new genera and two new species of antipatharian corals in the family Aphanipathidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia)" masterLastPageNumber="174" masterPageNumber="161" pageNumber="169" updateTime="1698938277499" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="2C2CC867E18145E9E7C3D56B5AEB1DA7">Description of two new genera and two new species of antipatharian corals in the family Aphanipathidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="64CBEEA599D03F67673E331310700DC6">Opresko, Dennis M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="661DD2B5E78395CDDB09E3AF425DC48F">National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A8DCE1AB12D0FD80EB23E414B9C8D343">Bo, Marzia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="28BD223ADB0C1A92F0BB08FCFE990151">Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy. marzia. bo @ unige. it; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8400 - 6722</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E9E4E6AD7DD136C5CA77AFE5B1B3496D" type="email">marzia.bo@unige.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="3D72934F94FACA1C5C6E999473B2A620">Stein, David P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FF41297D4A04C66E1E42F9D73BF82D68">Ocean Genome Legacy Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA, USA. & david. stein @ lathropgpm. com; http: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2762 - 924 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DC630DA8C9E52894760419566C7EA047" type="email">david.stein@lathropgpm.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="8EAFB78273BC5F421219B4BC7D1E5CD2">Evankow, Ann</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="88F462DE3BD5AEEF1DBE7A738A29ACAD">National History Museum, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1172 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="ECA63EA3AC33A775A4EE3AD774F8A770">Distel, Daniel L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CB54C7309634075BDA7F86869F095C3E">Ocean Genome Legacy Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA, USA. & d. distel @ northeastern. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3860 - 194 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="88C6B13C0667465977EAA20BB1CFA671" type="email">d.distel@northeastern.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="089F36FBEF4D70CCA8427A696380F1EA">Brugler, Mercer R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9F6A41A48A7517EB65441A9372ABA6D5">Department of Natural Sciences, University of South Carolina Beaufort, 801 Carteret Street, Beaufort, SC 29902, USA. mbrugler @ uscb. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3676 - 1226 & Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79 Street, New York, NY 10024 USA. * Co-corresponding authors</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="47FD5F1702FB5BFC9DD9AF732D7A2C9B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="98AE9ABC8DDCAF40B69C09E93A38DC6B">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E966205B575B37E29269D3397523924B">4966</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039887DDEB728F7F41BED3A424EDFEC6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4783901" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182383887" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4783901" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039887DDEB728F7F41BED3A424EDFEC6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039887DDEB728F7F41BED3A424EDFEC6" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
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<heading id="D0C681A7EB728F7B41BED3A424CBF97C" bold="true" box="[151,714,1677,1704]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB728F7B41BED3A424CBF97C" ID-CoL="8KPVK" authority="(Brook, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Brook" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[151,714,1677,1704]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanostichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paucispina">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB728F7B41BED3A424CBF97C" bold="true" box="[151,714,1677,1704]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB728F7B41BED3A42418F973" bold="true" box="[151,537,1677,1704]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Aphanostichopathes paucispina</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB728F7B4301D3A424C3F97C" author="Brook, G." box="[552,706,1677,1703]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref7555" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 32 (80), 1 - 222." type="journal article" year="1889">Brook, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<subSubSection id="C32B6540EB728F7B41BED39B2713F916" box="[151,274,1714,1741]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB728F7B41BED39B2713F916" blockId="8.[151,714,1677,1741]" box="[151,274,1714,1741]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130A2A4EEB728F7B41B6D39B270BF916" box="[159,266,1714,1741]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1446,1470]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,250,1686,1710]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,381,1423]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,705,1809]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,597,1663]" captionTargetId-0="figure-113@9.[151,1436,381,1423]" captionTargetId-1="figure-290@10.[151,1436,705,1809]" captionTargetId-2="figure-266@11.[151,1436,597,1663]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Aphanostichopathes paucispina (Brook), schizotype of NHMUK1873.4.26.1: A. section of stem; B. single spine; C. single polyp. Images from NMNH SEM stubs 14 and 15." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Aphanostichopathes paucispina (Brook), MCZ 90344: A. corallum; B. section of stem; C. single spine. B and C from NMNH SEM stub 305." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Aphanostichopathes paucispina (Brook), USNM 82988: A. section of stem 0.65 mm in diameter; B. single spine; C. section of stem 1.8 mm in diameter. Images from NMNH SEM stub 12." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736467" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736471" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736473" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4736467/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4736471/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4736473/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Figs. 6–8</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32B6540EB728F7B41BED3DF2569F890" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB728F7B41BED3DF2509F8D5" blockId="8.[151,872,1782,1868]" box="[151,776,1782,1806]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB728F7B41BED3DF247AF8D5" authority="Brook, 1889: pp. 86 - 87" authorityName="Brook" authorityPageNumber="86 - 87" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,635,1782,1806]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirripathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paucispina">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB728F7B41BED3DF2780F8D5" box="[151,385,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Cirripathes paucispina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB728F7B40A1D3DF240BF8D5" author="Brook, G." box="[392,522,1782,1806]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref7555" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 32 (80), 1 - 222." type="journal article" year="1889">Brook, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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: pp. 86–87
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 12, fig. 6.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB728F7B41BED23C252FF8F6" blockId="8.[151,872,1782,1868]" box="[151,814,1813,1837]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2111E5EB728F7B41BED23C252FF8F6" box="[151,814,1813,1837]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
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not
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9010DAEB728F7B4197D23C2485F8F6" author="Van Pesch, A. J." box="[190,644,1813,1837]" page="39" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" year="1910">
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB728F7B4197D23C2485F8F6" authority=", van Pesch, 1910: 39" authorityName="van Pesch" authorityPageNumber="39" authorityYear="1910" box="[190,644,1813,1837]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirripathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paucispina">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB728F7B4197D23C27A9F8F6" box="[190,424,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Cirripathes paucispina</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB728F7B409CD23C2485F8F6" author="Van Pesch, A. J." box="[437,644,1813,1837]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" refId="ref8814" refString="Van Pesch, A. J. (1910) Bijdragen tot der Kennis van het Genus Cirripathes. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 96 pp." type="book" year="1910">van Pesch, 1910: 39</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9010DAEB728F7B43A7D23C252BF8F6" author="Van Pesch, A. J." box="[654,810,1813,1837]" page="174" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" year="1914">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB728F7B43A7D23C252BF8F6" author="Van Pesch, A. J." box="[654,810,1813,1837]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 258" refId="ref8844" refString="Van Pesch, A. J. (1914) The Antipatharia of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga Expeditie Monographie, 17, 1 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173163" type="journal article" year="1914">1914: 174–175</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB728F7B41BED21A2569F890" blockId="8.[151,872,1782,1868]" box="[151,872,1843,1868]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2111E5EB728F7B41BED21A2569F890" box="[151,872,1843,1868]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9010DAEB728F7B41BED21A2509F897" author="Opresko, D. M. & Genin, A." box="[151,776,1843,1868]" page="310" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" year="1990">
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<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB728F7B41BED21A2509F897" authority=", Opresko and Genin, 1990: 307 - 310" authorityName="Opresko and Genin" authorityPageNumber="307 - 310" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,776,1843,1868]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paucispina">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB728F7B41BED21A278FF890" box="[151,398,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Stichopathes paucispina</emphasis>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB728F7B40B2D21A2509F897" author="Opresko, D. M. & Genin, A." box="[411,776,1843,1868]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" pagination="301 - 310" refId="ref8245" refString="Opresko, D. M. & Genin, A. (1990) A new species of antipatharian (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from the seamounts in the eastern North Pacific. Bulletin of Marine Science, 46 (2), 301 - 310." type="journal article" year="1990">Opresko and Genin, 1990: 307–310</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 4–5.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32B6540EB728F7A41BED250276EFF0E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB728F7A41BED250276EFF0E" blockId="8.[151,1436,1913,2012]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,150,357]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="170" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">
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<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB728F7B41BED2502713F848" bold="true" box="[151,274,1913,1939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="169">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Colonies unbranched, long and coiled at the distal end. Polypar spines up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB728F7B4543D25322CCF84F" box="[1130,1229,1914,1940]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" unit="mm" value="0.34">0.34 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall and abpolypar spines about two-thirds that size. Four to five rows of spines visible in lateral view, with spines
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB728F7B4595D2B72343F863" box="[1212,1346,1950,1976]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="169" unit="mm" value="1.05" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart in each row; resulting density of about 2 spines per millimeter in each row. Spines with 15–25 small conical tubercles usually confined to near the apex. Polyps up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB738F7A4384D5BE2502FF6A" box="[685,771,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in transverse diameter, arranged in a single series, with 2.5 to 4 polyps per cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B6540EB738F7A41EED5F7233FFEBE" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB738F7A41EED5F7233FFEBE" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB738F7A41EED5F727B0FF23" bold="true" box="[199,433,222,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">Material Examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B593C96EB738F7A40E8D5F626C1FEC6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3117076306" collectionCode="NHMUK, NMNH, SEM" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB738F7A40E8D5F62430FF22" box="[449,561,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8869EB738F7A40E8D5F6242AFF22" box="[449,555,223,249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED20AE0EEB738F7A4313D5F624A6FF22" box="[570,679,223,249]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
1873.4.26.1, locality unknown (subsample:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED20AE0EEB738F7A45BFD5F622EDFF22" box="[1174,1260,223,249]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" type="Museum">NMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED20AE0EEB738F7A45DCD5F6232EFF22" box="[1269,1327,223,249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">SEM</collectionCode>
|
||
stubs 14, 15)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B593C96EB738F7A41E5D42A2208FEC5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3117076302" accessionNumber="MCZ 90344" box="[204,1033,259,286]" collectionCode="MCZ" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB738F7A41E5D42A277FFEC6" box="[204,382,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">Other material:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED20AE0EEB738F7A40AED42A27C5FEC6" box="[391,452,259,285]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||
90344 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8869EB738F7A430AD42A247DFEC6" box="[547,636,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB738F7A438DD42A2201FEC5" authority="Brook" authorityName="Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[676,1024,259,286]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Stichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pourtalesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB738F7A438DD42A25AFFEC6" box="[676,942,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">Stichopathes pourtalesi</emphasis>
|
||
Brook
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B593C96EB738F7A453CD42A25E8FE9A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3117076301" collectionCode="NMNH, SEM" collectorName="NW Atlantic & Blake" country="United States Virgin Islands" location="Santa Cruz" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Saint Croix">
|
||
<collectorName id="26C4531DEB738F7A453CD42A22A9FEC6" box="[1045,1192,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">NW Atlantic</collectorName>
|
||
, off
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F5F829EB738F7A45F4D42A235CFEC6" box="[1245,1373,259,285]" country="United States Virgin Islands" name="Saint Croix" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F326765BEB738F7A4443D42A2739FE9A" name="United States Virgin Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">U.S. Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB738F7A406DD40E2785FE9A" box="[324,388,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<collectorName id="26C4531DEB738F7A406DD40E2785FE9A" box="[324,388,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">Blake</collectorName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
sta. 131, 1060 m (subsample:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED20AE0EEB738F7A43F7D40E2535FE9A" box="[734,820,295,321]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" type="Museum">NMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED20AE0EEB738F7A4212D40E2574FE9A" box="[827,885,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">SEM</collectionCode>
|
||
stub 305)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B593C96EB738F7A42DFD40E2296FE9A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3117076309" box="[1014,1175,295,321]" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States Virgin Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" specimenCode="USNM 82988" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Saint Croix">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB979EB0EB738F7A42DFD40E2296FE9A" box="[1014,1175,295,321]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" type="Museum">USNM 82988</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, NE Pacific, Opal Seamount,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED20AE0EEB738F7A41C4D46226FEFEBE" box="[237,255,331,357]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">R</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED20AE0EEB738F7A4021D462271AFEBE" box="[264,283,331,357]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B593C96EB738F7A400BD4622338FEBE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3117076303" box="[290,1337,330,357]" collectingDate="1984-10-23" collectionCode="NMNH, SEM" collectorName="L. Levin" country="United States Virgin Islands" elevation="1350" latitude="30.5" longLatPrecision="5555" longitude="-121.913" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Saint Croix">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB738F7A400BD4622794FEBE" authority="II" authorityName="II" box="[290,405,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Atlantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB738F7A400BD4622778FEBE" box="[290,377,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">Atlantis</emphasis>
|
||
II
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE05500CEB738F7A4088D46327F9FEBE" box="[417,504,330,357]" degrees="30.5" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" precision="5555" value="30.5">30.5º N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE05500CEB738F7A432DD4622488FEBE" box="[516,649,331,357]" degrees="121.913" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" precision="55" value="-121.913">121.913º W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB738F7A43BDD46324EAFEBE" box="[660,747,330,357]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" unit="m" value="1350.0">
|
||
<elevation id="001CD1F8EB738F7A43BDD46324EAFEBE" box="[660,747,330,357]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" unit="m" value="1350.0">1350 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26C4531DEB738F7A4207D4622590FEBE" box="[814,913,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">L. Levin</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF8F100BEB738F7A42B4D462222FFEBE" box="[925,1070,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" value="1984-10-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFCBE9E3EB738F7A42B4D462222FFEBE" box="[925,1070,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" value="1984-10-23">23 Oct. 1984</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED20AE0EEB738F7A4514D4622295FEBE" box="[1085,1172,331,357]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" type="Museum">NMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED20AE0EEB738F7A45B2D46222D4FEBE" box="[1179,1237,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">SEM</collectionCode>
|
||
stub 12)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF4E6643EB738F7A41BED08F24FBFA39" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736467" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4736467" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736467/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" startId="9.[151,250,1446,1470]" targetBox="[151,1436,381,1423]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB738F7A41BED08F24FBFA39" blockId="9.[151,1436,1446,1507]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB738F7A41BED08F270CFA65" bold="true" box="[151,269,1446,1470]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB738F7A4033D08F24B6FA65" authority="(Brook)" baseAuthorityName="Brook" box="[282,695,1446,1470]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanostichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paucispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB738F7A4033D08F245FFA65" box="[282,606,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">Aphanostichopathes paucispina</emphasis>
|
||
(Brook)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, schizotype of NHMUK1873.4.26.1:
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB738F7A451ED08F2248FA65" bold="true" box="[1079,1097,1446,1470]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">A</emphasis>
|
||
. section of stem;
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB738F7A45D7D08F230EFA65" bold="true" box="[1278,1295,1446,1470]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">B</emphasis>
|
||
. single spine;
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB738F7A41BED0E326A8FA39" bold="true" box="[151,169,1482,1506]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">C</emphasis>
|
||
. single polyp. Images from NMNH SEM stubs 14 and 15.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B6540EB738F7941EED33926EDFDE6" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB738F7941EED3392515FE76" blockId="9.[151,1437,1552,2011]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,681]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB738F7A41EED33927E6F9F0" bold="true" box="[199,487,1552,1579]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8869EB738F7A4050D33827E3F9F0" box="[377,482,1553,1579]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Information provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB738F7A4225D33925A5F9F0" author="Brook, G." box="[780,932,1552,1579]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref7555" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 32 (80), 1 - 222." type="journal article" year="1889">Brook (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicates that the type specimen of this species consists of two pieces totaling
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB738F7A430CD31C246AF994" box="[549,619,1589,1615]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" unit="cm" value="23.0">23 cm</quantity>
|
||
in length, and with a maximum stem diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB738F7A45B6D31D22F8F994" box="[1183,1273,1588,1615]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB738F7A442DD31D239DF994" author="Brook, G." box="[1284,1436,1588,1615]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref7555" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 32 (80), 1 - 222." type="journal article" year="1889">Brook (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not indicate whether either piece was coiled. The skeletal spines were reported to be short, conical, with a blunt, “slightly rugose” apex. The illustration of the spines provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB738F7A42A8D3552215F94C" author="Brook, G." box="[897,1044,1660,1687]" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref7555" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 32 (80), 1 - 222." type="journal article" year="1889">Brook (1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Pl. 12, fig. 6) is of relatively low, eight-fold magnification; however, based on this illustration, the height of the spines can be roughly estimated to be about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB738F7A41D6D3EC2759F904" box="[255,344,1733,1759]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. From the same illustration it can also be estimated that the spines within each row are
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB738F7A4418D3EC26C2F8D8" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="0.9">0.9 to 1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart. Brook reported that spines were arranged in six longitudinal rows, “four of which could be seen from one aspect” and within each row they were said to be very distant, “3 to 3.5 spine lengths” apart (equivalent to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB738F7A4461D22426C2F890" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="1.05" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
based on a spine height of
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB738F7A432FD2182463F890" box="[518,610,1841,1867]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
). The type specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB738F7A4253D2182215F891" box="[890,1044,1841,1867]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanostichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paucispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB738F7A4253D2182589F890" box="[890,904,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB738F7A42B0D2182215F891" box="[921,1044,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">paucispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was re-described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB738F7A4422D219272FF8B4" author="Opresko, D. M. & Genin, A." pageId="9" pageNumber="170" pagination="301 - 310" refId="ref8245" refString="Opresko, D. M. & Genin, A. (1990) A new species of antipatharian (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from the seamounts in the eastern North Pacific. Bulletin of Marine Science, 46 (2), 301 - 310." type="journal article" year="1990">Opresko and Genin (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who found that the spines on a segment of the stem about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB738F7A42F9D27C2213F8B4" box="[976,1042,1877,1903]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (excluding the spines) were up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB738F7A403FD250277AF848" box="[278,379,1913,1939]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="0.34">0.34 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall on the polyp side of the axis and up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB738F7A424ED25025CDF848" box="[871,972,1913,1939]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="0.24">0.24 mm</quantity>
|
||
on the abpolypar side, similar to the size indicated by Brook’s illustration. Opresko & Genin reported up to five rows of spines visible in lateral view, and the spacing within the rows
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB738F7A4087D2E92453F800" box="[430,594,1984,2011]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.14" metricValueMin="0.86" pageId="9" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.14" valueMin="0.86">0.86–1.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
(equivalent to only 2 spines per mm). The spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A4EEB738F7A45BED2E922DBF800" box="[1175,1242,1984,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1446,1470]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1423]" captionTargetId="figure-113@9.[151,1436,381,1423]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Aphanostichopathes paucispina (Brook), schizotype of NHMUK1873.4.26.1: A. section of stem; B. single spine; C. single polyp. Images from NMNH SEM stubs 14 and 15." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736467" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736467/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="170">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A-B) were found to be covered with a variable number of small conical tubercles from the apex down the sides about two-fifths the distance to the base. Tubercles are present on both the polypar and abpolypar spines, and as many as 15–20 tubercles can be seen on the polypar spines in lateral view (including those on the distal and proximal edges). Brook did not report that the spines possessed tubercles although in his illustration there are indications that tubercles are present. It should be noted that only a small section of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8869EB708F7943F9D40E2533FE9A" box="[720,818,295,321]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was available for examination with the SEM, and it is known that in species of unbranched black corals the shape of the spines and the tubercle density may vary on sections of the stem having different diameters; therefore, it cannot be assumed that the tubercle density reported here for the type remains the same on all sections of the stem.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB708F7941EED49E26EDFDE6" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">
|
||
Although Brook could not see any polyps on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8869EB708F7943D1D49E252AFE0A" box="[760,811,439,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">type</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB708F79421ED49E2267FE0A" author="Opresko, D. M. & Genin, A." box="[823,1126,439,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171" pagination="301 - 310" refId="ref8245" refString="Opresko, D. M. & Genin, A. (1990) A new species of antipatharian (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from the seamounts in the eastern North Pacific. Bulletin of Marine Science, 46 (2), 301 - 310." type="journal article" year="1990">Opresko and Genin (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found the dried remains of five polyps, large ones alternating with small ones. The larger polyps are
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB708F7942FFD4F2225FFE2E" box="[982,1118,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8499999999999996" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="2.8499999999999996" valueMax="3.4" valueMin="2.3">2.3–3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in transverse diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A4EEB708F794446D4F226B8FDC1" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1446,1470]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1423]" captionTargetId="figure-113@9.[151,1436,381,1423]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Aphanostichopathes paucispina (Brook), schizotype of NHMUK1873.4.26.1: A. section of stem; B. single spine; C. single polyp. Images from NMNH SEM stubs 14 and 15." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736467" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736467/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the smaller ones
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB708F79409DD4D6243BFDC2" box="[436,570,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in transverse diameter. The density of the polyps ranged from 2.5 to 3 polyps per cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B6540EB708F7941EED76E225DFD72" pageId="10" pageNumber="171" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB708F7941EED76E225DFD72" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB708F7941EED76E2735FDBA" bold="true" box="[199,308,583,609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Because
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB708F794083D76E2442FDBA" author="Brook, G." box="[426,579,583,609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171" pagination="1 - 222" refId="ref7555" refString="Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 32 (80), 1 - 222." type="journal article" year="1889">Brook (1889)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not see any polyps on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8869EB708F79428DD76E25D5FDBA" box="[932,980,583,609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen, he questionably assigned the species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB708F794023D7422798FD5E" baseAuthorityName="van Pesch" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[266,409,619,645]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirrhipathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="171" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB708F794023D7422798FD5E" box="[266,409,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">Cirrhipathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(using the incorrect spelling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB708F7943F2D742255DFD5E" authorityName=", Brook" authorityYear="1889" box="[731,860,619,645]" class="Anthozoa" family="Antipathidae" genus="Cirripathes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="171" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB708F7943F2D742255DFD5E" box="[731,860,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">Cirripathes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); a genus defined by polyps being on multiple sides of the axis. Reexamination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8869EB708F79433BD7A62443FD72" box="[530,578,655,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">type</typeStatus>
|
||
revealed the presence of polyps in a single row.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF4E6643EB708F7941BED20127BAF8BF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736471" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4736471" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736471/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="171" startId="10.[151,250,1832,1856]" targetBox="[151,1436,705,1809]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB708F7941BED20127BAF8BF" blockId="10.[151,1436,1832,1892]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB708F7941BED201270FF89B" bold="true" box="[151,270,1832,1856]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB708F794032D20124B8F89B" authority="(Brook)" baseAuthorityName="Brook" box="[283,697,1832,1856]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanostichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="10" pageNumber="171" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paucispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB708F794032D201245EF89B" box="[283,607,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">Aphanostichopathes paucispina</emphasis>
|
||
(Brook)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, MCZ 90344:
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB708F794279D2012563F89B" bold="true" box="[848,866,1832,1856]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">A</emphasis>
|
||
. corallum;
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB708F7942F1D20125E8F89B" bold="true" box="[984,1001,1832,1856]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">B</emphasis>
|
||
. section of stem;
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB708F794589D20122B3F89B" bold="true" box="[1184,1202,1832,1856]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">C</emphasis>
|
||
. single spine. B and C from NMNH SEM stub 305.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B6540EB708F7F41EED2BB24EAFF0E" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="10" pageNumber="171" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB708F7841EED2BB2338FEBE" blockId="10.[151,1437,1938,2037]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB708F7941EED2BB2463F877" bold="true" box="[199,610,1938,1964]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">Description of non-type specimens</emphasis>
|
||
. Of the specimens assigned to this species, the one collected at
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB708F794406D2BB236EF877" box="[1327,1391,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">Blake</emphasis>
|
||
sta. 131 from
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB708F79402ED29F275CF80A" box="[263,349,1974,2001]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="10" pageNumber="171" unit="m" value="1060.0">1060 m</quantity>
|
||
off the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F326765BEB708F79409ED29F248FF80B" box="[439,654,1974,2000]" name="United States Virgin Islands" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">U.S. Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(MCZ 90344,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A4EEB708F794210D29F2590F80A" box="[825,913,1974,2001]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,705,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-290@10.[151,1436,705,1809]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Aphanostichopathes paucispina (Brook), MCZ 90344: A. corallum; B. section of stem; C. single spine. B and C from NMNH SEM stub 305." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736471" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736471/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
) comes closest to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8869EB708F7945A5D29E22BDF80A" box="[1164,1212,1975,2001]" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">type</typeStatus>
|
||
in terms of the size of the spines; the polypar spines being up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB708F7943BCD2F324FBF82E" box="[661,762,2010,2037]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="0.33">0.33 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall and the abpolypar spines
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB708F794567D2F322A4F82E" box="[1102,1189,2010,2037]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A4EEB708F79459CD2F3230FF82E" box="[1205,1294,2010,2037]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,705,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-290@10.[151,1436,705,1809]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Aphanostichopathes paucispina (Brook), MCZ 90344: A. corallum; B. section of stem; C. single spine. B and C from NMNH SEM stub 305." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736471" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736471/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="171">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The spines shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A4EEB718F78402FD5BE27D1FF6A" box="[262,464,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,705,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-290@10.[151,1436,705,1809]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Aphanostichopathes paucispina (Brook), MCZ 90344: A. corallum; B. section of stem; C. single spine. B and C from NMNH SEM stub 305." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736471" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736471/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">Figure 7B and 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
appear taller and narrower than those in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8869EB718F7842E2D5BE25FFFF6A" box="[971,1022,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, but this is likely due to the fact that the diameter of the stem is only
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB718F78432AD5922463FF0E" box="[515,610,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="0.41">0.41mm</quantity>
|
||
, less than half that of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8869EB718F7842ACD59225B4FF0E" box="[901,949,187,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">type</typeStatus>
|
||
shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A4EEB718F784502D59222A0FF0E" box="[1067,1185,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1446,1470]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1423]" captionTargetId="figure-113@9.[151,1436,381,1423]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Aphanostichopathes paucispina (Brook), schizotype of NHMUK1873.4.26.1: A. section of stem; B. single spine; C. single polyp. Images from NMNH SEM stubs 14 and 15." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736467" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736467/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">Figure 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
. This specimen shows the same wide and variable spacing of the spines and the same small number of rows (4 or 5) as in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8869EB718F784434D5F62350FF22" box="[1309,1361,223,249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. It differs from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8869EB718F784006D42A275EFEC6" box="[303,351,259,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">type</typeStatus>
|
||
in that the spines appear to have a slightly greater number of tubercles (around 25 per view,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A4EEB718F784459D42A26BAFE9A" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,705,1809]" captionTargetId="figure-290@10.[151,1436,705,1809]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Aphanostichopathes paucispina (Brook), MCZ 90344: A. corallum; B. section of stem; C. single spine. B and C from NMNH SEM stub 305." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736471" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736471/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
), however, as noted above tubercle density may vary depending on where the spines are located on the stem. The polyp density in this specimen is 3–4 per cm which is slightly greater than that in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A8869EB718F78457CD4622284FEBE" box="[1109,1157,331,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(2.5–3 per cm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB718F7841EED446275CFDE6" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">
|
||
In the specimen collected on Opal Seamount in the northeastern Pacific (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A4EEB718F7842DAD4462237FE52" box="[1011,1078,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1686,1710]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-266@11.[151,1436,597,1663]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Aphanostichopathes paucispina (Brook), USNM 82988: A. section of stem 0.65 mm in diameter; B. single spine; C. section of stem 1.8 mm in diameter. Images from NMNH SEM stub 12." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736473" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736473/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
), the polypar spines were found to be
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB718F7841FDD4BA2777FE76" box="[212,374,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="0.3" valueMax="0.32" valueMin="0.28">0.28–0.32 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall and the abpolypar spines
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB718F784397D4BA2562FE76" box="[702,867,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.7999999999999998" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="0.21" valueMax="0.24" valueMin="0.18">0.18–0.24 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and about 15 distinct conical tubercles can be seen in lateral view. Five rows of spines can be seen in lateral view and the spines within each row are spaced up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB718F784450D49E26C2FE2E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart with only 2 spines per mm. The polyps are up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB718F78421AD4F2258BFE2E" box="[819,906,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in transverse diameter and the polyp density is 3 per cm. On a section of stem
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB718F784329D4D62456FDC2" box="[512,599,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter the spines are distorted in shape, and some double spines are present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130A2A4EEB718F7841DED70A2751FDE6" box="[247,336,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1686,1710]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-266@11.[151,1436,597,1663]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Aphanostichopathes paucispina (Brook), USNM 82988: A. section of stem 0.65 mm in diameter; B. single spine; C. section of stem 1.8 mm in diameter. Images from NMNH SEM stub 12." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736473" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736473/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4E6643EB718F7841BED3BF258CF909" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736473" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4736473" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736473/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" startId="11.[151,250,1686,1710]" targetBox="[151,1436,597,1663]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB718F7841BED3BF258CF909" blockId="11.[151,1436,1686,1747]" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB718F7841BED3BF270CF975" bold="true" box="[151,269,1686,1710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">FIGURE 8</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB718F784033D3BF24B7F975" authority="(Brook)" baseAuthorityName="Brook" box="[282,694,1686,1710]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanostichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paucispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB718F784033D3BF245CF975" box="[282,605,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">Aphanostichopathes paucispina</emphasis>
|
||
(Brook)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, USNM 82988:
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB718F784277D3BF2571F975" bold="true" box="[862,880,1686,1710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">A</emphasis>
|
||
. section of stem 0.65 mm in diameter;
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB718F7845D6D3BF2311F975" bold="true" box="[1279,1296,1686,1710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">B</emphasis>
|
||
. single spine;
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB718F7841BED39326A8F909" bold="true" box="[151,169,1722,1746]" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">C</emphasis>
|
||
. section of stem 1.8 mm in diameter. Images from NMNH SEM stub 12.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB718F7F41EED22924EAFF0E" blockId="11.[151,1436,1792,2035]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB718F7841EED229276CF8C1" bold="true" box="[199,365,1792,1818]" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB718F784051D2292546F8C0" authority="(Brook)" baseAuthorityName="Brook" box="[376,839,1792,1819]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanostichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paucispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB718F784051D22924E3F8C1" box="[376,738,1792,1818]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">Aphanostichopathes paucispina</emphasis>
|
||
(Brook)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB718F7842E7D229272FF8E4" authority="(Opresko & Genin, 1990)" baseAuthorityName="Opresko & Genin" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanostichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spiessi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB718F7842E7D2292306F8C1" box="[974,1287,1792,1818]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">Aphanostichopathes spiessi</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA04B3AEB718F784433D2292727F8E4" author="Opresko, D. M. & Genin, A." pageId="11" pageNumber="172" pagination="301 - 310" refId="ref8245" refString="Opresko, D. M. & Genin, A. (1990) A new species of antipatharian (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from the seamounts in the eastern North Pacific. Bulletin of Marine Science, 46 (2), 301 - 310." type="journal article" year="1990">Opresko & Genin, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in that both have widely spaced spines with tubercles near the apex. The major differences between the two species are in the size and shape of the spines and in the size of the polyps. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB718F78457BD26022EDF8B9" box="[1106,1260,1865,1891]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanostichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paucispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB718F78457BD2602262F8B8" box="[1106,1123,1865,1891]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB718F784558D26022EDF8B9" box="[1137,1260,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">paucispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the spines have a more acute apex and can be up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB718F784301D244248DF85C" box="[552,652,1901,1927]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="0.34">0.34 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall on a section of stem about
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB718F7842C3D244222AF85C" box="[1002,1067,1901,1927]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter or larger, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB718F7841BED2B82703F871" baseAuthorityName="Opresko & Genin" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[151,258,1937,1963]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanostichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spiessi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB718F7841BED2B826A9F870" box="[151,168,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB718F78419ED2B82703F871" box="[183,258,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">spiessi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the spines are generally blunter and not more than
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB718F78426ED2B825ADF870" box="[839,940,1937,1963]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.20 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height. The two species also differ in the relative development of the polypar and abpolypar spines. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB718F78426AD29C25DDF815" box="[835,988,1973,1999]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanostichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paucispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB718F78426AD29C2555F814" box="[835,852,1973,1999]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB718F784248D29C25DDF815" box="[865,988,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">paucispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the polypar spines can be up to twice as long as the abpolypar spines, but in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB718F784304D2F02496F829" baseAuthorityName="Opresko & Genin" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[557,663,2009,2035]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanostichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="11" pageNumber="172" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spiessi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB718F784304D2F0243FF828" box="[557,574,2009,2035]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB718F784365D2F02496F829" box="[588,663,2009,2034]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="172">spiessi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are usually equal in length, or only slightly longer on the polyp side of the axis. In terms of polyp size, the polyps in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB768F7F43DED5BE2563FF6B" baseAuthorityName="Opresko & Genin" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[759,866,151,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanostichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="12" pageNumber="173" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="spiessi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB768F7F43DED5BE2509FF6A" box="[759,776,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="173">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB768F7F423ED5BE2563FF6B" box="[791,866,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="173">spiessi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are usually less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB768F7F4571D5BE229AFF6A" box="[1112,1179,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in transverse diameter whereas those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C314D48EB768F7F4070D59227F2FF0F" box="[345,499,187,213]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aphanipathidae" genus="Aphanostichopathes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Antipatharia" pageId="12" pageNumber="173" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="paucispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB768F7F4070D592276BFF0E" box="[345,362,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="173">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB768F7F4051D59227F2FF0F" box="[376,499,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="173">paucispina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB768F7F434AD59224B8FF0E" box="[611,697,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="173" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32B6540EB768F7F41EED5F724EDFEC6" pageId="12" pageNumber="173" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8E36CBEB768F7F41EED5F724EDFEC6" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="173">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945EAD9EB768F7F41EED5F72760FF23" bold="true" box="[199,353,222,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="173">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is known from the North Atlantic and the NE Pacific. Specimens assigned to this species were collected at depths greater than
|
||
<quantity id="4CC99B2EEB768F7F43B9D42A24E9FEC6" box="[656,744,259,285]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="173" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |