316 lines
38 KiB
XML
316 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="459E1912A784F507A1B4DE15B1781FE5" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.319.3.2" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13696385" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725565463869" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kumar, Pankaj, Gale, Stephan W., Li, Ji-Hong, Bouamanivong, Somsanith & Fischer, Gunter A." docDate="2017" docId="0D0B024AFFB25D59FF58FC9CFD15F967" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.319.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 319 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.319.3.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Thismia nigricoronata Kumar & S. W. Gale 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="237" masterDocId="F1327A32FFBB5D55FFD0FFF3FFE9FC5E" masterDocTitle="Thismia nigricoronata, a new species of Burmanniaceae (Thismieae, Dioscoreales) from Vang Vieng, Vientiane Province, Laos, and a key to subgeneric classification" masterLastPageNumber="240" masterPageNumber="225" pageNumber="234" updateTime="1725565918781" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4C8A08D045BF09EE10C87749A3D2439C">
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<mods:title id="5CF542870855EFEFF0D4121BE869AF35">Thismia nigricoronata, a new species of Burmanniaceae (Thismieae, Dioscoreales) from Vang Vieng, Vientiane Province, Laos, and a key to subgeneric classification</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F301FD76B0F2A009DD3584B316F1830D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="46D21E96E7681D1616008CA3227CBF73">Kumar, Pankaj</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="39F58E005C408316302B7C67A776DE3B">Gale, Stephan W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C816DDAB48E95981834325BDC22DE9B0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0063DC9E2C7174DFF97BE6B1EC348DD5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="260568FF9D08037D42E93ECD5049B31C">Li, Ji-Hong</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="C824D7ACBA9EE9D15CA104B2B58D65BA" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="BED6ED64A6D8A135BFFDFF478E41739C">Bouamanivong, Somsanith</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="12BED6D5BD55D47D160CD3228547BCD3">Ministry of Science and Technology, Biotechnology and Ecology Institute, Vientiane, Laos</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F66C97479D8063CEFD3A17DB334E893D">Fischer, Gunter A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EB4FE4ED44FFCB22CDC5329347F5EFCC">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1E1255135170DDA417B42529A61A2680">
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<mods:date id="20E53841B3C1FD095BA3DA15DC65C2B0">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8E66E29ADD345491DE91BAA34328BE31">2017-09-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AD061D23022E90EBBB5B58164348A461">319</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="67660A758FD1BD4882EDFE2A4BC3368D">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.319.3.2</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="DB80F983A2B89AB1420E0F97C6652E5F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="702E907E47F9E2948589E016821AEE3D" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0D0B024AFFB25D59FF58FC9CFD15F967" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13696401" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13696401" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0D0B024AFFB25D59FF58FC9CFD15F967" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0D0B024AFFB25D59FF58FC9CFD15F967" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="9" pageNumber="234">
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<subSubSection id="CDB8E0D7FFB25D5CFF58FC9CFCBDFFD6" box="[136,852,879,904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="851DB35CFFB25D5CFF58FC9CFCBDFFD6" blockId="9.[136,852,879,904]" box="[136,852,879,904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="234">
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<heading id="DE550430FFB25D5CFF58FC9CFCBDFFD6" box="[136,852,879,904]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="42A2C8DFFFB25D5CFF58FC9CFD9BFFD6" ID-CoL="8X87N" authority="Kumar & S.W.Gale" authorityName="Kumar & S. W. Gale" authorityYear="2017" box="[136,626,879,904]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigricoronata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB25D5CFF58FC9CFE64FFD6" bold="true" box="[136,397,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="234">Thismia nigricoronata</emphasis>
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Kumar & S.W.Gale
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB25D5CFDADFC9CFD3BFFD6" box="[637,722,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="234">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="ACE5D235FFB25D5CFDADFC9CFD3BFFD6" box="[637,722,879,904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1D99AFD9FFB25D5CFD31FC9CFCD9FFD6" box="[737,816,879,904]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[136,229,1996,2017]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,175,1971]" captionTargetId="figure-19@10.[183,1405,175,1971]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Thismia nigricoronata. A. Plant in habitat. B. Habit. C. Close-up of the crown. D. Whole plant showing the structure of the crown. E. Whole plant showing the structure of the annulus. F. Transverse section of the perianth tube. G. Dorsal view of the crown. H. Stamens showing the anther locules. I. Stamens showing the connectives and staminal tube." pageId="9" pageNumber="234">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1D99AFD9FFB25D5CFCECFC9CFCA3FFD6" box="[828,842,879,904]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[136,229,1923,1944]" captionTargetBox="[234,1374,183,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-14@11.[208,1380,175,1899]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Thismia nigricoronata. A. Whole plant in longitudinal section showing the internal parts (fa, flagellate appendage; ipl, free part of inner perianth lobe; an, annulus; upt, upper part of perianth tube; al, anther locule; opl, free part of outer perianth lobe; co, connective; lpt, lower part of perianth tube; th, thecae; st, stigma). B. Whole plant showing the mitre. C. Whole plant showing the upper part of perianth tube. D. Staminal tube showing anther locules and connectives. E. Longitudinal section of the perianth tube showing stamen and ovary. F. Mitre. (Drawn by P. Kumar from preserved specimen HNL-KFBG 0099.)" pageId="9" pageNumber="234">5</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CDB8E0D7FFB25D59FF58FC66FDA3FDEB" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="851DB35CFFB25D5CFF58FC66FD32FF90" blockId="9.[136,1452,917,974]" pageId="9" pageNumber="234">
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Type:—
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<collectingCountry id="FDB5F3CCFFB25D5CFF08FC66FEF0FFF4" box="[216,281,917,938]" name="Laos" pageId="9" pageNumber="234">LAOS</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="47667DBEFFB25D5CFEF2FC66FE37FFF4" box="[290,478,917,938]" country="Laos" name="Viangchan" pageId="9" pageNumber="234">Vientiane Province</collectingRegion>
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: Vang Vieng District, Nam Pae Village, elevation
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<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFC19FC66FBE0FFF4" box="[969,1033,917,938]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4399999999999995" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="m" value="544.0">544 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="F11C959CFFB25D5CFBC5FC66FB76FFF4" box="[1045,1183,917,938]" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" value="2012-04-28">28 April 2012</date>
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,
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<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB25D5CFB7AFC66FE06FF90" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="234">
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||
<taxonomicName id="42A2C8DFFFB25D5CFB7AFC66FE51FF90" authority=", Kumar, Santainsy & Phunthavong HNL-KFBG" authorityName="Kumar, Santainsy & Phunthavong HNL-KFBG" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Gale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Gale, Kumar, Santainsy & Phunthavong HNL-KFBG</taxonomicName>
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0099
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</emphasis>
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||
(
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<typeStatus id="5A190DFEFFB25D5CFE2BFC4AFDBDFF90" box="[507,596,953,974]" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
:
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<collectionCode id="E3B32B99FFB25D5CFD8DFC4AFD78FF90" box="[605,657,953,974]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7txf-ypk5" name="Conseil National des Sciences" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" type="Herbarium">HNL</collectionCode>
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, spirit).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="851DB35CFFB25D5CFF58FC0BFCD2F8FF" blockId="9.[136,1459,1016,2085]" pageId="9" pageNumber="234">
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<taxonomicName id="42A2C8DFFFB25D5CFF58FC0BFE6CF84F" authorityName="Kumar & S. W. Gale" authorityYear="2017" box="[136,389,1016,1041]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigricoronata">
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<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB25D5CFF58FC0BFE6CF84F" box="[136,389,1016,1041]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="234">Thismia nigricoronata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is morphologically similar to
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<taxonomicName id="42A2C8DFFFB25D5CFD0BFC0BFC28F84F" box="[731,961,1016,1041]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
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<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB25D5CFD0BFC0BFC28F84F" box="[731,961,1016,1041]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="234">Thismia taiwanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but can be differentiated on the basis of its longer vestigial stem leaves (more than
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<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFD98FBEFFD60F86B" box="[584,649,1052,1077]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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long in the former versus less than
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<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFBCBFBEFFBB5F86B" box="[1051,1116,1052,1077]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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in the latter); its reflexed free outer perianth lobes (versus erect and projecting upwards in the latter); the ornamented outer surface of its perianth tube, which is verrucose below and papillose above (versus smooth and glabrous in the latter); and its vibrantly coloured perianth tube (versus translucent white in the latter).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="851DB35CFFB25D59FF6DFB5FFBA1FDCF" blockId="9.[136,1459,1016,2085]" lastBlockId="12.[136,1452,160,1337]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="9" pageNumber="234">
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Terrestrial, mycoheterotrophic herbs, erect, ca.
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<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFD05FB5FFCCBF89B" box="[725,802,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="cm" value="5.5">5.5 cm</quantity>
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tall. Roots clustered, prostrate, unbranched, pale yellowbrown, vermiform, 3.2–7.5 ×
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<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFE03FB23FDB5F8B7" box="[467,604,1232,1257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.5 mm</quantity>
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, tapering towards apex. Stem erect, 10.3–14.5 ×
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<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFBACFB23FAEAF8B7" box="[1148,1283,1232,1257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.5 mm</quantity>
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at the base, ca. 2.5–3.0 mm wide near the apex; unbranched, off-white, somewhat translucent, covered with the bases of sheathing vestigial leaves. Leaves entire, white, translucent, shiny, scattered along the stem, obovate, upper ones 6.0–7.5 × 1.0–
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<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFF6AFACFFEF8F90B" box="[186,273,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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at base, lower ones up to 5.0–
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<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFDA3FACFFD23F90B" box="[627,714,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="5.3">5.3 mm</quantity>
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long, acute, margin smooth. Pedicel white, ca. 0.50 ×
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<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFAEFFACFFA4EF90B" box="[1343,1447,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="1.75">1.75 mm</quantity>
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, finely and irregularly verrucose. Flowers solitary, actinomorphic,
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<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFCA0FA93FC03F927" box="[880,1002,1376,1401]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="25.0">25–40 mm</quantity>
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long, 7.0–
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||
<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFBB4FA93FB53F927" box="[1124,1210,1376,1401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
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wide; tepals fused to form an urceolate perianth tube with a whorl of 3 inner and 3 outer free apical perianth lobes. Perianth tube obovoid, clearly divisible into upper and lower parts by the point of placement of the free perianth lobes; lower part of perianth tube ca.
|
||
<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFF34FA3FFED0F9BB" box="[228,313,1484,1509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
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long, narrower towards the base (ca.
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||
<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFD04FA3FFCC0F9BB" box="[724,809,1484,1509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
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in diameter), wider above (ca.
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||
<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFB50FA3FFB3DF9BB" box="[1152,1236,1484,1509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
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in diameter), white tinged yellow-green, densely covered with longitudinally arranged irregularly sized verrucae, with 12 depressed green ribs of which 6 alternate ribs run from the base of the tube to the mouth of the annulus on the upper half of the perianth tube, inner wall smooth with a protruding ring-like structure just below the stigma; upper part of perianth tube 3.5–4.0 mm long, wider at the base (ca.
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<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFE3CF9AFFDA8FA2B" box="[492,577,1628,1653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
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in diameter), narrower at the annular opening (ca.
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<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFBA8F9AFFB24FA2B" box="[1144,1229,1628,1653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
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in diameter), bright yellow-green with 6 dark green ribs terminating at the annulus, covered with densely arranged papillae on the outer surface except on the ribs, inner wall smooth. Free part of outer perianth lobes white, translucent, triangular, 2.5–3.0 mm long, reflexed, ca.
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<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFE5AF93BFE22FABF" box="[394,459,1736,1761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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wide at the base, gradually tapering. Free part of inner perianth lobes distinctly divisible into 2 parts: lower obliquely spathulate bases and upper flagelliform appendages; obliquely spathulate bases 3, black, rough and irregularly carbunculate, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFD96F8E3FD61FB77" box="[582,648,1808,1833]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide at the point of attachment to the perianth tube, broadening above (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFF68F8C7FF11FB13" box="[184,248,1844,1869]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide) and then fused with one another in a contorted aestivation to form a crown-like structure arching over the annulus with a concavity in the centre and an aperture directly above the annulus aperture, surrounded by flagellate appendages that arise at the base of the concavity; flagelliform appendages 3, erect, immotile, black and carbunculate towards the base, becoming translucent white and smooth above,
|
||
<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFC8EF853FC1BFBE7" box="[862,1010,1952,1977]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2449999999999999" metricValueMax="1.77" metricValueMin="0.72" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="12.45" valueMax="17.7" valueMin="7.2">7.2–17.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFB8CF853FB58FBE7" box="[1116,1201,1952,1977]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide towards the base but abruptly narrowing towards the apex to less than
|
||
<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFD35F837FCD5FB83" box="[741,828,1988,2013]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. Stamens 6,
|
||
<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFBDEF837FB7FFB83" box="[1038,1174,1988,2013]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="5.15" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="4.8">4.8–5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFB0EF837FA8FFB83" box="[1246,1382,1988,2013]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="0.8" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, quadrangular; filaments partially fused, arranged radially and forming a staminal tube that originates from the opening of the annulus at the base (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB25D5CFE0FF7FFFDC8F47B" box="[479,545,2060,2085]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter) and is continuous with the connective towards the apex; suspended above the stigma; connectives laterally connate and forming a narrow opening (
|
||
<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB75D59FBDBFF53FB7DFCE7" box="[1035,1172,160,185]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter); anthers ca. 2.5 ×
|
||
<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB75D59FF1DFF37FECCFC83" box="[205,293,196,221]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, mounted on fused connectives, thecae free, positioned ca.
|
||
<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB75D59FBC1FF37FB80FC83" box="[1041,1129,196,221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
below the annulus, opening with longitudinal slits facing the inner wall of the perianth tube, covered with sparse glandular trichomes especially along the longitudinal slit; connectives protruding ca.
|
||
<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB75D59FD3DFEFFFCBBFD7B" box="[749,850,268,293]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
beyond the anther locules with the apical 1/3 bent at 90° towards the inner wall of the perianth tube, sparsely covered with multicellular cilia. Ovary inferior, unilocular, obconical, outer wall longitudinally verrucose, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB75D59FD6AFEA7FCE6FD33" box="[698,783,340,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; style cylindrical, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB75D59FBE9FEA7FB72FD33" box="[1081,1179,340,365]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB75D59FAD5FEA7FA81FD33" box="[1285,1384,340,365]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.70 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; stigmas 3, fused together and forming a dome-like structure, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB75D59FC8BFE8BFC75FDCF" box="[859,924,376,401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D1DDE3D4FFB15D5FFF58F83FFC13F477" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" startId="10.[136,229,1996,2017]" targetBox="[183,1404,175,1971]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="851DB35CFFB15D5FFF58F83FFC13F477" blockId="10.[136,1452,1996,2089]" pageId="10" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB15D5FFF58F83FFF17FBBF" bold="true" box="[136,254,1996,2017]" pageId="10" pageNumber="235">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A2C8DFFFB15D5FFED4F83FFE35FBBF" authorityName="Kumar & S. W. Gale" authorityYear="2017" box="[260,476,1996,2017]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="10" pageNumber="235" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigricoronata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB15D5FFED4F83FFE35FBBF" box="[260,476,1996,2017]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="235">Thismia nigricoronata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A. Plant in habitat. B. Habit. C. Close-up of the crown. D. Whole plant showing the structure of the crown. E. Whole plant showing the structure of the annulus. F. Transverse section of the perianth tube. G. Dorsal view of the crown. H. Stamens showing the anther locules. I. Stamens showing the connectives and staminal tube.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="D1DDE3D4FFB05D5EFF58F870FBFAF476" pageId="11" pageNumber="236" startId="11.[136,229,1923,1944]" targetBox="[234,1374,183,1893]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="851DB35CFFB05D5EFF58F870FBFAF476" blockId="11.[136,1452,1923,2088]" pageId="11" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB05D5EFF58F870FEE8FBC6" bold="true" box="[136,257,1923,1944]" pageId="11" pageNumber="236">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A2C8DFFFB05D5EFEDAF870FE0CFBC6" authorityName="Kumar & S. W. Gale" authorityYear="2017" box="[266,485,1923,1944]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="11" pageNumber="236" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigricoronata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB05D5EFEDAF870FE0CFBC6" box="[266,485,1923,1944]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="236">Thismia nigricoronata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A. Whole plant in longitudinal section showing the internal parts (fa, flagellate appendage; ipl, free part of inner perianth lobe; an, annulus; upt, upper part of perianth tube; al, anther locule; opl, free part of outer perianth lobe; co, connective; lpt, lower part of perianth tube; th, thecae; st, stigma). B. Whole plant showing the mitre. C. Whole plant showing the upper part of perianth tube. D. Staminal tube showing anther locules and connectives. E. Longitudinal section of the perianth tube showing stamen and ovary. F. Mitre. (Drawn by P. Kumar from preserved specimen
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB05D5EFC8AF7E0FBECF476" box="[858,1029,2067,2088]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="236">HNL-KFBG 0099</emphasis>
|
||
.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="851DB35CFFB75D59FF6DFE6FFDA3FDEB" blockId="12.[136,1452,160,1337]" box="[189,586,412,437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FF6DFE6FFEDFFDEB" bold="true" box="[189,310,412,437]" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">Flowering</emphasis>
|
||
:—April, fruits not seen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CDB8E0D7FFB75D59FF6DFE33FD31FDA3" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="851DB35CFFB75D59FF6DFE33FD31FDA3" blockId="12.[136,1452,160,1337]" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FF6DFE33FEF0FD87" bold="true" box="[189,281,448,473]" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A2C8DFFFB75D59FEEDFE33FDD0FD87" authorityName="Kumar & S. W. Gale" authorityYear="2017" box="[317,569,448,473]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigricoronata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FEEDFE33FDD0FD87" box="[317,569,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">Thismia nigricoronata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was discovered on a steep slope of a limestone mountain, growing among leaf litter in clayey soils under a dense evergreen canopy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CDB8E0D7FFB75D59FF6DFDFBFD15F967" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="851DB35CFFB75D59FF6DFDFBFA85FE1B" blockId="12.[136,1452,160,1337]" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FF6DFDFBFED7FE7F" bold="true" box="[189,318,520,545]" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
:—The species epithet refers to the black, crown-like structure formed above the annulus by the fusion of the three inner perianth lobes. Hence the taxon may informally be referred to as ‘the black-crowned thismia’.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="851DB35CFFB75D59FF6DFDA3FBADFED3" blockId="12.[136,1452,160,1337]" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FF6DFDA3FE5CFE37" bold="true" box="[189,437,592,617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">Specimens examined</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FE09FDA3FDCCFE37" bold="true" box="[473,549,592,617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FDB5F3CCFFB75D59FE09FDA3FDCCFE37" box="[473,549,592,617]" name="Laos" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">LAOS</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="47667DBEFFB75D59FDE3FDA3FCE4FE37" box="[563,781,592,617]" country="Laos" name="Viangchan" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">Vientiane Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Vang Vieng District, Nam Pae Village, elevation
|
||
<quantity id="425A1EB9FFB75D59FAEBFDA3FA6DFE37" box="[1339,1412,592,617]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4399999999999995" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" unit="m" value="544.0">544 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="F11C959CFFB75D59FA5FFDA3FEECFED3" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" value="2012-04-28">28 April 2012</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FEC0FD87FC4BFED3" box="[272,930,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A2C8DFFFB75D59FEC0FD87FC8AFED3" authority=", Kumar, Santainsy & Phunthavong HNL-KFBG" authorityName="Kumar, Santainsy & Phunthavong HNL-KFBG" box="[272,867,628,653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Gale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Gale, Kumar, Santainsy & Phunthavong HNL-KFBG</taxonomicName>
|
||
0099
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(HNL, spirit).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="851DB35CFFB75D59FF6DFD6BFE67FF8F" blockId="12.[136,1452,160,1337]" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FF6DFD6BFE6EFEEF" bold="true" box="[189,391,664,689]" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">Taxonomic notes</emphasis>
|
||
:—With diagnostic characters including the free anther thecae, the fused inner perianth lobes that form a mitre with prominent outer perianth lobes and long filiform appendages, there is little doubt that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A2C8DFFFB75D59FA81FD4FFECAFEA7" authorityName="Kumar & S. W. Gale" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigricoronata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FA81FD4FFECAFEA7" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">Thismia nigricoronata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is presently best placed in section
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A2C8DFFFB75D59FD62FD13FCAAFEA7" authorityName=", Hatusima" authorityYear="1976" box="[690,835,736,761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" rank="section" section="Glaziocharis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FD62FD13FCAAFEA7" box="[690,835,736,761]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">Glaziocharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, as noted above, the circumscription of this (and other sections) requires reappraisal, with phylogenetic analysis placing the morphologically distinct
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A2C8DFFFB75D59FAE2FCF7FA4CFF43" box="[1330,1445,772,797]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="huangii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FAE2FCF7FA4CFF43" box="[1330,1445,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">T. huangii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a member of section
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A2C8DFFFB75D59FEA5FCDBFE34FF1F" box="[373,477,808,833]" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" rank="section" section="Rodwaya">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FEA5FCDBFE34FF1F" box="[373,477,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">Rodwaya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as sister to our new species. Additionally, it is noteworthy that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A2C8DFFFB75D59FB7FFCDBFA81FF1F" authorityName="Kumar & S. W. Gale" authorityYear="2017" box="[1199,1384,808,833]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigricoronata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FB7FFCDBFB56FF1F" box="[1199,1215,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FB1DFCDBFA81FF1F" box="[1229,1384,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">nigricoronata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only species known so far in section
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A2C8DFFFB75D59FDCFFCBFFD59FF3B" authorityName=", Hatusima" authorityYear="1976" box="[543,688,844,869]" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" rank="section" section="Glaziocharis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FDCFFCBFFD59FF3B" box="[543,688,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">Glaziocharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to have such a vibrantly coloured perianth tube, with that of all other previously described members of the section (namely,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A2C8DFFFB75D59FD35FC83FCD9FFD7" authorityName="Hatusima" authorityYear="1976" baseAuthorityName="Akasawa" box="[741,816,880,905]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="abei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FD35FC83FCD9FFD7" box="[741,816,880,905]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">T. abei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A2C8DFFFB75D59FCEDFC83FC0BFFD7" box="[829,994,880,905]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clavarioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FCEDFC83FC0BFFD7" box="[829,994,880,905]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">T. clavarioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A2C8DFFFB75D59FC3FFC83FB67FFD7" box="[1007,1166,880,905]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FC3FFC83FB67FFD7" box="[1007,1166,880,905]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">T. taiwanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A2C8DFFFB75D59FB13FC83FAB7FFD7" box="[1219,1374,880,905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Proteaceae" genus="Telopea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FB13FC83FAB7FFD7" box="[1219,1374,880,905]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">T. tuberculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) being whitish and somewhat translucent. Further study is required to assess whether or not this pigmentation is related to photosynthetic activity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="851DB35CFFB75D59FF6DFC2FFD15F967" blockId="12.[136,1452,160,1337]" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FF6DFC2FFE00FFAB" bold="true" box="[189,489,988,1013]" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">Conservation assessment</emphasis>
|
||
:—Only ca. 10 individuals were observed at the site at a single locality on the lower slopes of a limestone mountain in Nam Pae Village of Vang Vieng District in central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FDB5F3CCFFB75D59FBB6FBF3FB49F847" box="[1126,1184,1024,1049]" name="Laos" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A2C8DFFFB75D59FB7DFBF3FA45F847" authorityName="Kumar & S. W. Gale" authorityYear="2017" box="[1197,1452,1024,1049]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigricoronata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FB7DFBF3FA45F847" box="[1197,1452,1024,1049]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">Thismia nigricoronata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an inconspicuous plant not easily observed in the field due to its small size and short flowering period. However, the area continues to be subjected to intense local pressures in the form of forest clearance for agriculture on the plains and selective logging on steeper slopes, cattle grazing and limestone mining for cement factories. Habitat destruction is therefore regarded as a very real threat to the long-term persistence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A2C8DFFFB75D59FBB1FB63FAF3F8F7" authorityName="Kumar & S. W. Gale" authorityYear="2017" box="[1121,1306,1168,1193]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigricoronata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FBB1FB63FAF3F8F7" box="[1121,1306,1168,1193]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">T. nigricoronata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in this area. Although we recommend more surveys to confirm its occurrence in adjacent areas, we assess
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42A2C8DFFFB75D59FB1FFB47FA63F893" authorityName="Kumar & S. W. Gale" authorityYear="2017" box="[1231,1418,1204,1229]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigricoronata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FB1FFB47FB36F893" box="[1231,1247,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B7D66F4EFFB75D59FB3FFB47FA63F893" box="[1263,1418,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">nigricoronata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as critically endangered (B1+B2ab(iii); D) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E133CEADFFB75D59FDB2FB2BFD19F8AF" author="IUCN" box="[610,752,1240,1265]" pageId="12" pageNumber="237" refId="ref10855" refString="IUCN (2012) IUCN red list categories and criteria, version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, 41 pp." type="book" year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The discovery of this apparently highly restricted endemic in the limestone karst landscape of central northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FDB5F3CCFFB75D59FD39FB0FFCF6F94B" box="[745,799,1276,1301]" name="Laos" pageId="12" pageNumber="237">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
underscores the need to ensure better protection of this biologically invaluable but highly threatened ecoregion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |