232 lines
27 KiB
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232 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="BE5085421796B87491478453148B8B80" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2024.2388791" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14241324" ID-ZooBank="18D05DD2- 4B64-4A87-8389-582D5714411C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1732836998606" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sharaf, Mostafa R., Wetterer, James K., Mohamed, AbdulAziz M. A., Georgiadis, Christos, Nasser, Mohamed G. & Aldawood, Abdulrahman S." docDate="2024" docId="03D9FD3BFFA1FF90FE44FB48A91DFDF6" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.58.41-44.1705-1786.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 58 (41 - 44)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2388791" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Tetramorium caldarium Sharaf and Aldawood 2011" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="1765" masterDocId="FFE08543FF9BFFACFFE7FFABAD31FF9B" masterDocTitle="Filling gaps in global myrmecology: ants of the Kingdom of Bahrain (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="1786" masterPageNumber="1705" pageNumber="1763" updateTime="1733158646059" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="241B2B2D41BBDD9395F8489B79A95998">
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<mods:title id="526A7427B25C09886FDA5FA5A78CD804">Filling gaps in global myrmecology: ants of the Kingdom of Bahrain (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="226EE3B572E99E9B7257A6BC5D6D0392">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C243F22C86400E48DD1640D52CA2F260">Sharaf, Mostafa R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F32194F3AD77AC5CF8E85C042CEC1D0A">Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; & Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3E38E22AAA843A9E8B5B61806B7D8BCA">Wetterer, James K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="58F8D151F42E5EB3AB4321B8B861CD41">Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA;</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D28F30135D5643CC868F09F642FB5899" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="6D8758797C1217F05D8F3CD3270961CC">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B81E17B0C68FC24E2336B09ABCFAB41B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F74A07B8F8B2D38710617D0E9844CFC4">Mohamed, AbdulAziz M. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="53347AF84AE2FBEA5FB6307343C5291E">Agriculture Affairs, Ministry of Municipalities Affairs and Agriculture, Kingdom of Bahrain;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E2C8A2F582020FF6841A4EA4CB8961F1">Georgiadis, Christos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8D272F7B9BE761D8C3C2233433206DF8">Section of Zoology-Marine Biology and Zoological Museum, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B4F377274143AD8826FC76D1B15395FF">Nasser, Mohamed G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E16759F9F95581B48D081A824C4F7E53">Research Laboratory of Biogeography and Wildlife Parasitology (RLBWP), Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Egypt</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F26BD3E4543D102B16E6A92A774545CA">Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8D59D227E22BF5253CECE67908EFBF38">Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BA2732682DEE126F2C24D079F17222E4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9DE22D549A8C610026A96010319E0015">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="EF16C78F9989D2E47C97F334EC67F2AD">
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<mods:date id="7E634869FBC341436B8FB66716E57C22">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D9D9CA8E06FAA6B06EADFF37F229BF8E">2024-09-16</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="54FDE77759BF64D29954DE07420F24EA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="3EDE7E18981F5E9514A8743B15587B88">58</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="ACD4A9D8815504B220514F9B3F6E8520" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="E9B825335441882C6BA53086F11B23C4">41 - 44</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="16C36E735FD0C2C71D9EDE6C789848E2">1705</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="C4AA5F3DE11AF7CC4757EE04D6D6833C">1786</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="187AA7D5925814AED75F103F53CFA3DB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9D01D4637E445C52C91E1976DBD864E9" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2024.2388791</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="619B89784D285C5DDEC806ACC328EE59" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="43B6C429B19125A78EF08088DD00778E" type="Zenodo-Dep">14241324</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D9FD3BFFA1FF90FE44FB48A91DFDF6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14248737" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14248737" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D9FD3BFFA1FF90FE44FB48A91DFDF6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D9FD3BFFA1FF90FE44FB48A91DFDF6" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="1765" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763">
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<subSubSection id="C36A1FA6FFA1FF96FE44FB48AEB1FB65" box="[419,896,1251,1278]" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFFA1FF96FE44FB48AEB1FB65" blockId="58.[419,896,1251,1278]" box="[419,896,1251,1278]" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763">
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<heading id="D087FB41FFA1FF96FE44FB48AEB1FB65" box="[419,896,1251,1278]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7037AEFFA1FF96FE44FB48AEB1FB65" ID-CoL="55PJW" authority="(Roger, 1857)" authorityName="Sharaf and Aldawood" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Roger" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[419,896,1251,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caldarium">
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<emphasis id="B904903FFFA1FF96FE44FB48AFE5FB65" bold="true" box="[419,724,1251,1278]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763">Tetramorium caldarium</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFA1FF96FD04FB48AE46FB65" author="Roger J" box="[739,887,1251,1278]" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763" pagination="10 - 20" refId="ref22836" refString="Roger J. 1857. Einiges uber Ameisen. Berl Entomol Zeit. 1 (1): 10 - 20. doi: 10.1002 / mmnd. 18570010106." type="journal article" year="1857">Roger, 1857</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36A1FA6FFA1FF96FDA8FAB8AFE5FAB5" box="[591,724,1299,1326]" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFFA1FF96FDA8FAB8AFE5FAB5" blockId="58.[591,724,1299,1326]" box="[591,724,1299,1326]" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134B50A8FFA1FF96FDB0FAB8AFFDFAB5" box="[599,716,1299,1326]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="59.[160,227,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[381,934,145,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-3@59.[378,937,142,1722]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Figure 37. Tetramorium caldarium. Worker. (A) Body in profile. (B) Head in full-face view, ANTWEB1041899, AntWeb.org (Michele Esposito). (C) Distribution map." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14241399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14241399/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763">Figure 37</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36A1FA6FFA1FF96FF27FAE2AEA2FAF9" box="[192,915,1353,1378]" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFFA1FF96FF27FAE2AEA2FAF9" blockId="58.[192,915,1353,1378]" box="[192,915,1353,1378]" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB606B03FFA1FF96FF27FAE2AEA2FAF9" box="[192,915,1353,1378]" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD16A3CFFA1FF96FF27FAE2AF5CFAF9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6297759" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6297759" author="Roger J" box="[192,621,1353,1378]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F38BC633D406A756B5F0B6D9A3EDE756" page="12" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763" year="1857">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7037AEFFA1FF96FF27FAE2AF5CFAF9" ID-CoL="CMW9F" authority="Roger, 1857, p. 12" authorityName="Roger" authorityPageNumber="12" authorityYear="1857" box="[192,621,1353,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetrogmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caldarius">
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<emphasis id="B904903FFFA1FF96FF27FAE2ACADFAF9" box="[192,412,1353,1378]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763">Tetrogmus caldarius</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFA1FF96FE43FAE2AF1BFAF9" author="Roger J" box="[420,554,1353,1378]" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763" pagination="10 - 20" refId="ref22836" refString="Roger J. 1857. Einiges uber Ameisen. Berl Entomol Zeit. 1 (1): 10 - 20. doi: 10.1002 / mmnd. 18570010106." type="journal article" year="1857">Roger, 1857</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 12
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(w.q.)
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<collectingCountry id="F3670CBDFFA1FF96FD5DFAE2AE3BFAF9" box="[698,778,1353,1378]" name="Poland" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763">Poland</collectingCountry>
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. Palaearctic.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36A1FA6FFA1FF96FF47FA24A918F9CD" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFFA1FF96FF47FA24AC25FA32" blockId="58.[160,1155,1423,1622]" box="[160,276,1423,1449]" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763">
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<emphasis id="B904903FFFA1FF96FF47FA24AC25FA32" bold="true" box="[160,276,1423,1449]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFFA1FF96FF47FA19A918F9CD" blockId="58.[160,1155,1423,1622]" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763">
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<emphasis id="B904903FFFA1FF96FF47FA19ADCCFA57" bold="true" box="[160,253,1458,1484]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763">Worker.</emphasis>
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The species most closely resembles
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<taxonomicName id="4C7037AEFFA1FF96FD4FFA18AE0BFA57" box="[680,826,1459,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetrogmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimum">
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<emphasis id="B904903FFFA1FF96FD4FFA18AE0BFA57" box="[680,826,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763">T. simillimum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but can be distinguished by the following characters: uniform yellow-brown, gaster usually darker than head, and mesosoma; frontal carinae extend posteriorly to level of midlength of eyes behind which they become feeble or broken, or gradually fade out at posterior margin of head; cephalic surface with shallow ground sculpture; head behind the eyes does not broaden.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36A1FA6FFA1FF96FF47F92FAC1DF95B" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFFA1FF96FF47F92FAC4EF905" blockId="58.[160,383,1668,1728]" box="[160,383,1668,1694]" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763">
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<heading id="D087FB41FFA1FF96FF47F92FAC4EF905" bold="true" box="[160,383,1668,1694]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B904903FFFA1FF96FF47F92FAC4EF905" bold="true" box="[160,383,1668,1694]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFFA1FF96FF47F90CAC1DF95B" blockId="58.[160,383,1668,1728]" box="[160,300,1703,1728]" pageId="58" pageNumber="1763">One site: 13.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF0F1CA5FFA0FF97FF47F971AE50F895" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14241399" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14241399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14241399/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="1764" startId="59.[160,227,1754,1777]" targetBox="[381,934,145,1719]" targetPageId="59" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFFA0FF97FF47F971AE50F895" blockId="59.[160,1157,1754,1806]" pageId="59" pageNumber="1764">
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<emphasis id="B904903FFFA0FF97FF47F971AC23F96A" bold="true" box="[160,274,1754,1777]" pageId="59" pageNumber="1764">Figure 37.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7037AEFFA0FF97FEC7F971AF21F96A" authorityName="Sharaf and Aldawood" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Roger" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[288,528,1754,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="1764" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caldarium">
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<emphasis id="B904903FFFA0FF97FEC7F971AF21F96A" box="[288,528,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="1764">Tetramorium caldarium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Worker. (A) Body in profile. (B) Head in full-face view, ANTWEB1041899, AntWeb.org (Michele Esposito). (C) Distribution map.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C36A1FA6FFA7FF90FF47FF25AC00FEA8" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFFA7FF90FF47FF25AC00FEA8" blockId="60.[160,1156,142,307]" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765">
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<emphasis id="B904903FFFA7FF90FF47FF25AC4BFF33" bold="true" box="[160,378,142,168]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765">Geographic range.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7037AEFFA7FF90FE6DFF24AFBBFF33" authorityName="Sharaf and Aldawood" authorityYear="2011" baseAuthorityName="Roger" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[394,650,143,168]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caldarium">
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<emphasis id="B904903FFFA7FF90FE6DFF24AFBBFF33" box="[394,650,143,168]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765">Tetramorium caldarium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is an Afrotropical native that has spread to all zoogeographical realms (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFA7FF90FE27FF19AF7DFF50" author="Bolton B" box="[448,588,178,203]" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765" pagination="193 - 384" refId="ref18859" refString="Bolton B. 1980. The ant tribe Tetramoriini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The genus Tetramorium Mayr in the Ethiopian zoogeographical region. Bull Br Mus (Nat Hist Entom). 40: 193 - 384. doi: 10.5281 / zenodo. 26845." type="journal article" year="1980">Bolton 1980</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFA7FF90FDBBFF19AE8AFF50" author="Wetterer JK & Hita Garcia F" box="[604,955,178,203]" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765" pagination="93 - 99" refId="ref25528" refString="Wetterer JK, Hita Garcia F. 2015. Worldwide spread of Tetramorium caldarium (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecol News. 21: 93 - 99. doi: 10.25849 / myrmecol. news _ 021: 93." type="journal article" year="2015">Wetterer and Hita Garcia 2015</bibRefCitation>
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). On the Arabian Peninsula it has been collected from the
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<collectingCountry id="F3670CBDFFA7FF90FD42FF7FAFE3FF76" box="[677,722,212,237]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765">KSA</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFA7FF90FD02FF7FAE8EFF76" author="Collingwood CA" box="[741,959,212,237]" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765" pagination="230 - 302" refId="ref19269" refString="Collingwood CA. 1985. Hymenoptera: fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Fauna Saudi Arabia. 7: 230 - 302. doi: 10.5281 / zenodo. 26692." type="journal article" year="1985">Collingwood 1985</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="F3670CBDFFA7FF90FC3CFF7FA912FF76" box="[987,1059,212,237]" name="Oman" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765">Oman</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3670CBDFFA7FF90FBD3FF7FA9B5FF76" box="[1076,1156,212,237]" name="Yemen" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765">Yemen</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFA7FF90FF41FF5CAF34FE8B" author="Collingwood CA & Agosti D" box="[166,517,247,272]" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765" pagination="300 - 385" refId="ref19301" refString="Collingwood CA, Agosti D. 1996. Formicidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) of Saudi Arabia (part 2). Fauna Saudi Arabia. 15: 300 - 385." type="journal article" year="1996">Collingwood and Agosti 1996</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFA7FF90FDF0FF5CAFC2FE8B" author="Sharaf MR & Al Dhafer HM & Aldawood AS & Hita Garcia F" box="[535,755,247,272]" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765" refId="ref24023" refString="Sharaf MR, Al Dhafer HM, Aldawood AS, Hita Garcia F. 2018 a. Ants of the Monomorium monomorium species-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Arabian Peninsula with description of a new species from southwestern Saudi Arabia. PeerJ. 6: 31. e 4277. doi: 10.7717 / peerj. 4277." type="journal volume" year="2018">
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Sharaf
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<emphasis id="B904903FFFA7FF90FD8EFF5CAFACFE8B" box="[617,669,247,272]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765">et al</emphasis>
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. 2018a
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</bibRefCitation>
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) and the
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<collectingCountry id="F3670CBDFFA7FF90FC89FF5CAEACFE8B" box="[878,925,247,272]" name="United Arab Emirates" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765">UAE</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFA7FF90FC48FF5CAC15FEA8" author="Wetterer JK & Hita Garcia F" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765" pagination="93 - 99" refId="ref25528" refString="Wetterer JK, Hita Garcia F. 2015. Worldwide spread of Tetramorium caldarium (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecol News. 21: 93 - 99. doi: 10.25849 / myrmecol. news _ 021: 93." type="journal article" year="2015">Wetterer and Hita Garcia 2015</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36A1FA6FFA7FF90FF47FECBA91DFDF6" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BCF4C2DFFA7FF90FF47FECBA91DFDF6" blockId="60.[160,1156,352,621]" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765">
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<emphasis id="B904903FFFA7FF90FF47FECBAC80FEE1" bold="true" box="[160,433,352,378]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765">Ecology and biology.</emphasis>
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This species is generally found in open disturbed areas (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFA7FF90FF41FE2FAC4FFE06" author="Collingwood CA" box="[166,382,388,413]" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765" pagination="1 - 174" refId="ref19236" refString="Collingwood CA. 1979. The Formicidae (Hymenoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entom Scand. 8: 1 - 174. doi: 10.5281 / zenodo. 26691." type="journal article" year="1979">Collingwood 1979</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFA7FF90FE77FE2FAF11FE06" author="Bolton B" box="[400,544,388,413]" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765" pagination="193 - 384" refId="ref18859" refString="Bolton B. 1980. The ant tribe Tetramoriini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The genus Tetramorium Mayr in the Ethiopian zoogeographical region. Bull Br Mus (Nat Hist Entom). 40: 193 - 384. doi: 10.5281 / zenodo. 26845." type="journal article" year="1980">
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<collectingRegion id="49B482CFFFA7FF90FE77FE2FACEAFE06" box="[400,475,388,413]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bolton" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765">Bolton</collectingRegion>
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1980
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFA7FF90FDD5FE2FAFEBFE06" author="Wetterer JK & Hita Garcia F" box="[562,730,388,413]" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765" pagination="93 - 99" refId="ref25528" refString="Wetterer JK, Hita Garcia F. 2015. Worldwide spread of Tetramorium caldarium (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecol News. 21: 93 - 99. doi: 10.25849 / myrmecol. news _ 021: 93." type="journal article" year="2015">Wetterer 2015</bibRefCitation>
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), usually near buildings, in or near paved areas, in hollow twigs (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFA7FF90FDF7FE0DAF9AFE24" author="Deyrup MA" box="[528,683,422,447]" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765" refId="ref19730" refString="Deyrup MA. 2017. Ants of Florida: identification and natural history. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; p. 423. doi: 10.1201 / 9781315368023." type="journal volume" year="2017">Deyrup 2017</bibRefCitation>
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) and heat houses (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFA7FF90FC7CFE0DA94FFE24" author="Deyrup M & Davis L & Cover S" box="[923,1150,422,447]" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765" pagination="293 - 326" refId="ref19763" refString="Deyrup M, Davis L, Cover S. 2000. Exotic ants in Florida. Trans Amer Entomol Soc. 126 (3 / 4): 293 - 326. http: // www. jstor. org / stable / 25078718." type="journal article" year="2000">
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Deyrup
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<emphasis id="B904903FFFA7FF90FC1AFE0DA902FE24" box="[1021,1075,422,447]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765">et al</emphasis>
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|
. 2000
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFA7FF90FF47FE62AC7EFE79" author="Espadaler X" box="[160,335,457,482]" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765" refId="ref20088" refString="Espadaler X. 2007. The ants of El Hierro (Canary Islands). In: Snelling RR, Fisher BL, Ward PS, editors. Advances in ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): homage to E. O. Wilson - 50 years of contributions. Vol. 80. Gainesville (FL); Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute; p. 690." type="journal volume" year="2007">Espadaler 2007</bibRefCitation>
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), in the leaf litter of irrigated public parks (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFA7FF90FCB1FE62A914FE79" author="Sharaf MR & Al Dhafer HM & Aldawood AS & Hita Garcia F" box="[854,1061,457,482]" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765" refId="ref24023" refString="Sharaf MR, Al Dhafer HM, Aldawood AS, Hita Garcia F. 2018 a. Ants of the Monomorium monomorium species-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Arabian Peninsula with description of a new species from southwestern Saudi Arabia. PeerJ. 6: 31. e 4277. doi: 10.7717 / peerj. 4277." type="journal volume" year="2018">
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Sharaf
|
|
<emphasis id="B904903FFFA7FF90FC4EFE62AEECFE79" box="[937,989,457,482]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2018
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</bibRefCitation>
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|
) and in regions with high anthropogenic activity (
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFA7FF90FD93FE47AE47FD9E" author="Bharti H & Kumar R" box="[628,886,492,517]" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765" pagination="11 - 35" refId="ref18700" refString="Bharti H, Kumar R. 2012. Taxonomic studies on genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with report of two new species and three new records including a tramp species from India with a revised key. ZooKeys. 207: 11 - 35. doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 207.3040." type="journal article" year="2012">Bharti and Kumar 2012</bibRefCitation>
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). Nests are built directly in the earth under rocks where the soil is dry and loose and it was found in an area cultivated with rose (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFA7FF90FE68FD9AAF54FDD1" author="Sharaf MR & Fisher BL & Al Dhafer HM & Polaszek A & Aldawood AS" box="[399,613,561,586]" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765" refId="ref24206" refString="Sharaf MR, Fisher BL, Al Dhafer HM, Polaszek A, Aldawood AS. 2018 b. Additions to the ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Oman: an updated list, new records and a description of two new species. Asian Myrm. 10: e 010004.1 - 38. doi: 10.20362 / am. 010004." type="journal volume" year="2018">
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Sharaf
|
|
<emphasis id="B904903FFFA7FF90FE07FD9AAF20FDD1" box="[480,529,561,586]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765">et al</emphasis>
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|
. 2018b
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</bibRefCitation>
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) and mango (
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<taxonomicName id="4C7037AEFFA7FF90FCE0FD9AAEF0FDD1" box="[775,961,561,586]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
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<emphasis id="B904903FFFA7FF90FCE0FD9AAEF0FDD1" box="[775,961,561,586]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765">Mangifera indica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7037AEFFA7FF90FC31FD9AA94CFDD1" box="[982,1149,561,586]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
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) (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFA7FF90FF41FDFFAC56FDF6" author="Taylor B & Agoinon N & Sinzogan A & Adandonon A & Kouaguou YN & Bello S & Wargui R & Anato F & Ouagoussounon I & Houngbo H" box="[166,359,596,621]" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765" pagination="6 - 29" refId="ref24852" refString="Taylor B, Agoinon N, Sinzogan A, Adandonon A, Kouaguou YN, Bello S, Wargui R, Anato F, Ouagoussounon I, Houngbo H, et al. 2018. Records of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Republic of Benin, with particular reference to the Mango farm ecosystem. J Ins Biodiv. 8 (1): 6 - 29. doi: 10.12976 / jib / 2018.08.1.2." type="journal article" year="2018">
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Taylor
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<emphasis id="B904903FFFA7FF90FF14FDFFAC12FDF6" box="[243,291,596,621]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
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|
). Diet includes dead insects and cookie crumbs (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE131DCFFA7FF90FC6AFDFFA92EFDF6" author="Deyrup MA" box="[909,1055,596,621]" pageId="60" pageNumber="1765" refId="ref19730" refString="Deyrup MA. 2017. Ants of Florida: identification and natural history. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press; p. 423. doi: 10.1201 / 9781315368023." type="journal volume" year="2017">Deyrup 2017</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |