1399 lines
192 KiB
XML
1399 lines
192 KiB
XML
<document id="D3C431162BCB3BA7B40BE6E88225A251" ID-CLB-Dataset="305644" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5c481a49-42fa-40cc-926d-265d3ae52af4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6521455" ID-ZooBank="9EEE49B5-5B83-41F0-A2A6-32FF1D1EE2C4" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1651753327301" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pyron, R. Alexander, O’Connell, Kyle A., Lamb, Jennifer Y. & Beamer, David A." docDate="2022" docId="03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5133.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5133 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Desmognathus pascagoula Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="76" masterDocId="FFF7FF99FFCCFA75FFD3FFE9FFA99611" masterDocTitle="A new, narrowly endemic species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi and Alabama" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="66" updateTime="1732869989849" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AAD69BCBFAD55ACB7DD36F391A1BFE0A">
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<mods:title id="DBE780C76D452D2F83BB7AB816AC4344">A new, narrowly endemic species of swamp-dwelling dusky salamander (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of Mississippi and Alabama</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6547FCCDA48DC7F3468FBD447441BC91" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BB5826DE027576B9402D85B07D300745">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5FAE5A7634844A046A3EE72D6B5300FF">Pyron, R. Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8BC0617EE14DE241750D36FFE87E6A15">Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="4032208627F800B3E5DE0410FEC433D4" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3BDC75C0BB6872498C98BC77F3716A99">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="58239AB6A1DB349240E9D8042117ED41">O’Connell, Kyle A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="41DE146A53A2033E5368EE5117EA0606">Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560. & Deloitte Consulting LLP, Biomedical Data Science Lab, Arlington, VA;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="96AA3E7567FE673D58E323E827902D6E" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="34C560A2F902C1291E5272C0A18E961E">Lamb, Jennifer Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D66FD19D4B708252F54620444A47B904">Department of Biology, St. Cloud State University, 720 4 th Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN 56301 - 4498.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="F4B55041428BF1231D6B8A56E554B7D5" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2FB55BB9C400BF8BBFBBCF24B59F64B8">Beamer, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B1EA2923755065BD6B066D6AC0C501FB">Department of Natural Sciences, Nash Community College, Rocky Mount, NC 27804.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="142BDCFAD478217AE390D09401F89AEB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F97BA4C1E54839CA1FC573B2E19A5EF8">
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<mods:date id="9B5A6AB9637A1C8E367050D913BFBC8E">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="297180005CAC6857E20BE806AA36BC39">2022-05-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="74144DA4219A11D89F33F3CF716C75BE">5133</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344" ID-GBIF-Taxon="247967791" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" scope_family="Plethodontidae">
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<subSubSection id="C37D657CFFC1FA78FF44FB7CFD9092BE" box="[151,569,1173,1199]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFC1FA78FF44FB7CFD9092BE" blockId="13.[151,569,1173,1199]" box="[151,569,1173,1199]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC1FA78FF44FB7CFE7D92BE" authority="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer, 2022" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,468,1173,1199]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC1FA78FF44FB7CFE7D92BE" box="[151,468,1173,1199]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Desmognathus pascagoula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC1FA78FE08FB7CFD9092BE" bold="true" box="[475,569,1173,1199]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">
|
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A220579EFFC1FA78FE08FB7CFD9092BE" box="[475,569,1173,1199]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37D657CFFC1FA78FF44FB3CFA9F931A" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFC1FA78FF44FB3CFC3F92FD" blockId="13.[151,1334,1236,1291]" box="[151,918,1236,1261]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC1FA78FF44FB3CFE8092FD" authorityName="sensu Valentine" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,297,1236,1260]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC1FA78FF44FB3CFE8092FD" box="[151,297,1236,1260]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">D. auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFC1FA78FEE5FB3DFE7D92FD" author="Valentine, B. D." box="[310,468,1236,1260]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" pagination="130 - 139" refId="ref18262" refString="Valentine, B. D. (1963) The salamander genus Desmognathus in Mississippi. Copeia, 1963, 130 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1441280" type="journal article" year="1963">Valentine 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; populations from
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B94E7BFFC1FA78FD40FB3DFCA692FC" box="[659,783,1236,1261]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Jackson Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFC1FA78FCC9FB3DFC2692FD" box="[794,911,1236,1260]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFC1FA78FF44FB1DFA9F931A" blockId="13.[151,1334,1236,1291]" box="[151,1334,1267,1291]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC1FA78FF44FB1DFEB3931A" box="[151,282,1267,1291]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC1FA78FF44FB1DFEB3931A" box="[151,282,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">D. valentinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFC1FA78FEF4FB1AFE4B931A" author="Means, D. B. & Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J." box="[295,482,1267,1291]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" pagination="467 - 506" refId="ref17047" refString="Means, D. B., Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J. (2017) A new species of dusky salamander (Amphibia: Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States and a redescription of D. auriculatus. Zootaxa, 4263 (3), 467 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4263.3.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Means
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC1FA78FEA0FB1DFE0F931A" box="[371,422,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; populations from
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B94E7BFFC1FA78FD73FB1AFCB4931A" box="[672,797,1267,1291]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Jackson Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFC1FA78FCF4FB1AFC33931A" box="[807,922,1267,1291]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBCAC8DFFC1FA78FC1FFB1AFBBC931A" box="[972,1045,1267,1291]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Mobile</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
and
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFC1FA78FB95FB1AFB60931A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFC1FA78FB95FB1AFB60931A" box="[1094,1225,1267,1291]" county="Jackson Co." municipality="Mobile" name="Baldwin Co." pageId="13" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Mississippi">Baldwin Co.</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFC1FA78FB02FB1AFA87931A" box="[1233,1326,1267,1291]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D657CFFC1FA78FF44FADDFCBB9133" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFC1FA78FF44FADDFAC69363" blockId="13.[151,1437,1332,2042]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F3CAAFFC1FA78FF44FADDFAC69363" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986851306" collectingDate="2019-12-11" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="RAP" county="Jackson Co." elevation="3" location="Ward Bayou" municipality="Ward Bayou" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" specimenCode="USNM 596040" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mississippi" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC1FA78FF44FADDFEA4935F" bold="true" box="[151,269,1332,1358]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC8855FFC1FA78FF44FADDFEA1935F" box="[151,264,1332,1358]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC19E8CFFC1FA78FEC7FADDFE16935E" box="[276,447,1332,1359]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">USNM 596040</specimenCode>
|
||
(field tag RAP1106;
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFC1FA78FD7EFADDFCA0935F" box="[685,777,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,462,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1435,166,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 13. The holotype (USNM 596040/RAP1106) of Desmognathus pascagoula in life on isolated (a) and naturalistic (b) backgrounds. Note the relative lack of distinct “portholes” in the dorsolateral and lateral rows on the body and tail, and the bright orange postocular stripe. The ventrolateral row of “portholes” is partially visible on the body." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521489/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFC1FA78FCC7FADDFC9B935F" box="[788,818,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1300,1324]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,166,1276]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[177,1410,166,1276]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 14. The holotype (USNM 596040/RAP1106) of Desmognathus pascagoula in preservative in dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views. Tick marks on ruler are in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521491/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">14</figureCitation>
|
||
), collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFC1FA78FC06FADDFBA3935F" box="[981,1034,1332,1358]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">RAP</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FFD91037FFC1FA78FBE0FADDFAAF935F" box="[1075,1286,1332,1358]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" value="2019-12-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9DE9DFFFC1FA78FBE0FADDFAAF935F" box="[1075,1286,1332,1358]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" value="2019-12-11">11 December 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
at 1410h in a small seep feeding into
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBCAC8DFFC1FA78FE72FAB1FD849362" box="[417,557,1368,1395]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Ward Bayou</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
at
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFC1FA78FD9DFAB1FD739362" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFC1FA78FD9DFAB1FD739362" box="[590,730,1368,1395]" county="Jackson Co." municipality="Ward Bayou" name="Ward Bayou" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Mississippi">Ward Bayou</location>
|
||
WMA,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B94E7BFFC1FA78FCE5FAB1FC699363" box="[822,960,1368,1394]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Jackson Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFC1FA78FC1FFAB1FBE59363" box="[972,1100,1368,1394]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
(30.56, -88.62;
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B12FFC1FA78FAD3FAB1FA8D9363" box="[1280,1316,1368,1394]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="3.0">
|
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<elevation id="004AD1C4FFC1FA78FAD3FAB1FA8D9363" box="[1280,1316,1368,1394]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="3.0">3m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
ASL).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFC1FA78FF14FA95FCBB9133" blockId="13.[151,1437,1332,2042]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F3CAAFFC1FA78FF14FA95FDBC93AB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986851307" collectingDate="2013-03-23" collectionCode="MMNS" collectorName="JYL" county="Mobile Co." elevation="3" municipality="Franklin Creek" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" specimenCode="MMNS 19623" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alabama" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC1FA78FF14FA95FEE19387" bold="true" box="[199,328,1404,1430]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC8855FFC1FA78FF14FA95FEEA9387" box="[199,323,1404,1430]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC19E8CFFC1FA78FE81FA95FE5E9387" box="[338,503,1404,1430]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">MMNS 19623</specimenCode>
|
||
(field tag JYL78;
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFC1FA78FD02FA95FC999386" box="[721,816,1404,1431]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1544,1568]" captionTargetBox="[202,1386,633,1521]" captionTargetId="figure-233@17.[202,1386,633,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 15. The Ward Bayou paratype (MMNS 19623/JYL78) of Desmognathus pascagoula in life. Note distinct dorsal color pattern, the irregular lateral “portholes” on the trunk and tail, and the larger ventrolateral “portholes.”" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521494/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Figs. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFC1FA78FCECFA95FCF49386" box="[831,861,1404,1431]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1311,1335]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,417,1288]" captionTargetId="figure-137@18.[213,1373,417,1288]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 16. Ventral view of the Ward Bayou paratype (MMNS 19623/JYL78) of Desmognathus pascagoula in life. Note the darkened “stellate” condition of the ventral melanophores, as in nearby populations of D. valentinei (see Means et al. 2017). The jagged but prominent ventrolateral line of portholes is clearly visible here on the body, as is the lateral row of “portholes” on the tail." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521496/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">16</figureCitation>
|
||
), collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFC1FA78FBDAFA94FB919386" box="[1033,1080,1405,1431]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">JYL</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FFD91037FFC1FA78FBBBFA95FAB19387" box="[1128,1304,1404,1430]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" value="2013-03-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9DE9DFFFC1FA78FBBBFA95FAB19387" box="[1128,1304,1404,1430]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" value="2013-03-23">23 March 2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
at the type locality (30.56, -88.62,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B12FFC1FA78FE77FA49FE6093AB" box="[420,457,1440,1466]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="3.0">
|
||
<elevation id="004AD1C4FFC1FA78FE77FA49FE6093AB" box="[420,457,1440,1466]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="3.0">3m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
ASL).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F3CAAFFC1FA78FDCFFA49FE2A93CF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986851308" collectingDate="2019-12-10" collectionCode="RAP1107" collectorName="RAP" county="Mobile Co." elevation="3" location="Franklin Creek" municipality="Franklin Creek" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" specimenCode="AUM 45885" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alabama" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC19E8CFFC1FA78FDCFFA49FD0593AA" box="[540,684,1440,1467]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">AUM 45885</specimenCode>
|
||
(field tag RAP1107;
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFC1FA78FC77FA49FC5E93AB" box="[932,1015,1440,1466]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,197,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-20@19.[177,1410,181,1828]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 17. A Grand Bay paratype (AUM 45885/RAP1107) of Desmognathus pascagoula in life on isolated (a) and naturalistic (b) backgrounds. Note the bright orange postocular stripe shared by all adult specimens, and the resemblance to the Ward Bayou paratype in terms of the distinct coloration on the dorsal surface of the tail, dark overall coloration, and visibility of the ventrolateral portholes on the body and lateral row of “portholes” on the tail." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521499/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
), collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFC1FA78FB72FA49FB7F93AB" box="[1185,1238,1440,1466]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">RAP</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FFD91037FFC1FA78FAD7FA49FF6693CF" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" value="2019-12-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9DE9DFFFC1FA78FAD7FA49FF6693CF" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" value="2019-12-10">10 December 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
at ~1200h, and
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F3CAAFFC1FA78FE5EFA2DFB5E9013" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986851309" collectingDate="2020-11-28" collectionCode="RAP" collectorName="DAB & RAP" county="Mobile Co." elevation="15" location="Franklin Creek" municipality="Franklin Creek" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" specimenCode="MNHN-RA 2021.0149" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alabama" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC19E8CFFC1FA78FE5EFA2DFD3893CF" box="[397,657,1476,1502]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">MNHN-RA 2021.0149</specimenCode>
|
||
(field tag RAP1479), collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFC1FA78FBF4FA2DFBCB93CF" box="[1063,1122,1476,1502]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">DAB</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFC1FA78FB4EFA2DFB7B93CF" box="[1181,1234,1476,1502]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">RAP</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FFD91037FFC1FA78FAD2FA2DFF669013" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" value="2020-11-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9DE9DFFFC1FA78FAD2FA2DFF669013" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" value="2020-11-28">28 November 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
at ~1000h, in a branch of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBCAC8DFFC1FA78FDDAFA01FD1E9013" box="[521,695,1512,1538]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Franklin Creek</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B94E7BFFC1FA78FD16FA01FCE39013" box="[709,842,1512,1538]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Mobile Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFC1FA78FC85FA01FC129013" box="[854,955,1512,1538]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
(30.45, -88.32;
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B12FFC1FA78FBABFA01FB039012" box="[1144,1194,1512,1539]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="15.0">
|
||
<elevation id="004AD1C4FFC1FA78FBABFA01FB039012" box="[1144,1194,1512,1539]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="15.0">15m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
ASL).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F3CAAFFC1FA78FB2CFA01FA359013" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986851311" box="[1279,1436,1512,1538]" collectingDate="2013-03-23" collectionCode="ANSP" collectorName="DAB & RAP" county="Mobile Co." elevation="3" location="Franklin Creek" municipality="Franklin Creek" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" specimenCode="ANSP 38808" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alabama" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC19E8CFFC1FA78FB2CFA01FA319013" box="[1279,1432,1512,1538]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">ANSP 38808</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F3CAAFFC1FA78FF44F9E5FEDF9037" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986851301" box="[151,374,1548,1575]" collectingDate="2013-03-23" collectionCode="AUM" collectorName="DAB & RAP" county="Mobile Co." elevation="3" location="Franklin Creek" municipality="Franklin Creek" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" specimenCode="AUM 45896-7" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alabama" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC19E8CFFC1FA78FF44F9E5FEED9036" box="[151,324,1548,1575]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">AUM 45896–7</specimenCode>
|
||
, and
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F3CAAFFC1FA78FEAEF9E5FEB2905B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986851303" collectingDate="2020-11-28" collectionCode="MCZ" collectorName="DAB & RAP" county="Mobile Co." elevation="3" location="Franklin Creek" municipality="Franklin Creek" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" specimenCode="MCZ A-153479" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alabama" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC19E8CFFC1FA78FEAEF9E5FD999036" box="[381,560,1548,1575]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">MCZ A-153479</specimenCode>
|
||
(field tags RAP1480–3), collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFC1FA78FC0FF9E5FBBE9037" box="[988,1047,1548,1574]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">DAB</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFC1FA78FB9FF9E5FB289037" box="[1100,1153,1548,1574]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">RAP</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FFD91037FFC1FA78FB78F9E5FA2B9037" box="[1195,1410,1548,1574]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" value="2020-11-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9DE9DFFFC1FA78FB78F9E5FA2B9037" box="[1195,1410,1548,1574]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" value="2020-11-28">28 November 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
at ~1200h and
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F3CAAFFC1FA78FEF1F9D9FB58907F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986851310" collectingDate="2022-01-04" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="RAP & DAB & NA" county="Mobile Co." elevation="9" location="Franklin Creek" municipality="Franklin Creek" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" specimenCode="USNM 596044" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alabama" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC19E8CFFC1FA78FEF1F9D9FE67905A" box="[290,462,1584,1611]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">USNM 596044</specimenCode>
|
||
(field tag RAP 2218) collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFC1FA78FC87F9D9FC23905B" box="[852,906,1584,1610]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">RAP</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFC1FA78FC46F9D9FC7A905B" box="[917,979,1584,1610]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">DAB</collectorName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFC1FA78FBDDF9D9FB9C905B" box="[1038,1077,1584,1610]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">NA</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FFD91037FFC1FA78FB8DF9D9FAA0905B" box="[1118,1289,1584,1611]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" value="2022-01-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9DE9DFFFC1FA78FB8DF9D9FAA0905B" box="[1118,1289,1584,1611]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" value="2022-01-04">4 January 2022</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
at ~1700h in a branch of
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFC1FA78FECCF9BDFE60907F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFC1FA78FECCF9BDFE60907F" box="[287,457,1620,1646]" county="Mobile Co." municipality="Franklin Creek" name="Franklin Creek" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Alabama">Franklin Creek</location>
|
||
at Number 12 Swamp,
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFC1FA78FD0BF9BDFCF2907F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFC1FA78FD0BF9BDFCF2907F" box="[728,859,1620,1646]" county="Mobile Co." municipality="Franklin Creek" name="Mobile Co." pageId="13" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Alabama">Mobile Co.</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFC1FA78FCB5F9BDFC62907F" box="[870,971,1620,1646]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
(30.45, -88.35,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B12FFC1FA78FB52F9BDFB0C907F" box="[1153,1189,1620,1646]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="9.0">
|
||
<elevation id="004AD1C4FFC1FA78FB52F9BDFB0C907F" box="[1153,1189,1620,1646]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="9.0">9m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
ASL).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F3CAAFFC1FA78FB2AF9BDFC9F90A7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986851313" collectingDate="2020-12-12" collectionCode="MMNS" collectorName="RAP & DAB" county="Mobile Co." elevation="14" location="Cowart Branch" municipality="Franklin Creek" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" specimenCode="MMNS 19997" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mississippi" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC19E8CFFC1FA78FB2AF9BDFA35907F" box="[1273,1436,1620,1646]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">MMNS 19997</specimenCode>
|
||
(field tag RAP1558), collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFC1FA78FDF5F991FDF29083" box="[550,603,1656,1682]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">RAP</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFC1FA78FD44F991FD7B9083" box="[663,722,1656,1682]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">DAB</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FFD91037FFC1FA78FCD2F991FC729083" box="[769,987,1656,1682]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" value="2020-12-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9DE9DFFFC1FA78FCD2F991FC729083" box="[769,987,1656,1682]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" value="2020-12-12">12 December 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
at ~1600h in the floodplain of
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFC1FA78FA99F991FF4290A7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFC1FA78FA99F991FF4290A7" county="Mobile Co." municipality="Franklin Creek" name="Cowart Branch" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Mississippi">Cowart Branch</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFC1FA78FF25F975FED190A7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFC1FA78FF25F975FED190A7" box="[246,376,1692,1718]" county="Mobile Co." municipality="Franklin Creek" name="Greene Co." pageId="13" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Mississippi">Greene Co.</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFC1FA78FE57F975FDAD90A7" box="[388,516,1692,1718]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
(31.00, -88.78,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B12FFC1FA78FD6BF975FD4390A7" box="[696,746,1692,1718]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="14.0">
|
||
<elevation id="004AD1C4FFC1FA78FD6BF975FD4390A7" box="[696,746,1692,1718]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="14.0">14m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
ASL).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F3CAAFFC1FA78FCE8F975FC7C90A7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986851305" box="[827,981,1692,1718]" collectingDate="2013-03-23" collectionCode="ANSP" collectorName="RAP & DAB" county="Mobile Co." elevation="3" location="Franklin Creek" municipality="Franklin Creek" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" specimenCode="ANSP 38810" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alabama" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC19E8CFFC1FA78FCE8F975FC7B90A7" box="[827,978,1692,1718]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">ANSP 38810</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F3CAAFFC1FA78FC0EF974FB4C90A7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986851302" box="[989,1253,1692,1719]" collectingDate="2013-03-23" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="RAP & DAB" county="Mobile Co." elevation="3" location="Franklin Creek" municipality="Franklin Creek" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" specimenCode="BMNH 2021.7559" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alabama" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC19E8CFFC1FA78FC0EF974FB1B90A6" box="[989,1202,1692,1719]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">BMNH 2021.7559</specimenCode>
|
||
, and
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F3CAAFFC1FA78FB38F975FB2290CB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986851304" collectingDate="2020-12-12" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="RAP & DAB" county="Mobile Co." elevation="3" location="Franklin Creek" municipality="Franklin Creek" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" specimenCode="AMNH 193779" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alabama" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC19E8CFFC1FA78FB38F975FA3590A7" box="[1259,1436,1692,1718]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">AMNH 193779</specimenCode>
|
||
(field tags RAP1559–61) collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFC1FA78FD97F929FDD090CB" box="[580,633,1728,1754]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">RAP</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFC1FA78FD7CF929FD4390CB" box="[687,746,1728,1754]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">DAB</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FFD91037FFC1FA78FCC1F929FC4F90CB" box="[786,998,1728,1754]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" value="2020-12-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9DE9DFFFC1FA78FCC1F929FC4F90CB" box="[786,998,1728,1754]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" value="2020-12-12">12 December 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
at ~1900h and
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0F3CAAFFC1FA78FB41F929FCA79133" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986851312" collectingDate="2022-01-03" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="RAP & DAB & NA" county="Mobile Co." elevation="43" location="Sweetwater Creek" municipality="Franklin Creek" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" specimenCode="USNM 596041-3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mississippi" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC19E8CFFC1FA78FB41F929FAF090CA" box="[1170,1369,1728,1755]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">USNM 596041–3</specimenCode>
|
||
(field tags RAP2208–10) collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFC1FA78FDD2F90DFD9E90EF" box="[513,567,1764,1790]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">RAP</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFC1FA78FD92F90DFDD690EF" box="[577,639,1764,1790]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">DAB</collectorName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFC1FA78FD6AF90DFD4990EF" box="[697,736,1764,1790]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">NA</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FFD91037FFC1FA78FCDAF90DFC1B90EF" box="[777,946,1764,1791]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" value="2022-01-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9DE9DFFFC1FA78FCDAF90DFC1B90EF" box="[777,946,1764,1791]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" value="2022-01-03">3 January 2022</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
at ~1100h in a tributary seep of
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFC1FA78FAC9F90DFF749133" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFC1FA78FAC9F90DFF749133" county="Mobile Co." municipality="Franklin Creek" name="Sweetwater Creek" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Mississippi">Sweetwater Creek</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFC1FA78FF3BF8E0FEFF9133" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFC1FA78FF3BF8E0FEFF9133" box="[232,342,1800,1827]" county="Mobile Co." municipality="Franklin Creek" name="Perry Co." pageId="13" pageNumber="66" stateProvince="Mississippi">Perry Co.</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFC1FA78FEB2F8E1FE489133" box="[353,481,1800,1826]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
(30.91, -88.86,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B12FFC1FA78FD46F8E1FD6F9133" box="[661,710,1800,1826]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="43.0">
|
||
<elevation id="004AD1C4FFC1FA78FD46F8E1FD6F9133" box="[661,710,1800,1826]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" unit="m" value="43.0">43m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
ASL)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D657CFFC1FA78FF14F8C5FCD891EB" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFC1FA78FF14F8C5FB1691C7" blockId="13.[151,1437,1332,2042]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC1FA78FF14F8C5FEFB9157" bold="true" box="[199,338,1836,1862]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The species name is a noun in apposition, referring to the Pascagoula River drainage that comprises much of their known range. “Pascagoula” is derived from a Chahta Yakni (Choctaw) or Mobilian Jargon term meaning “bread people” or “bread nation” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFC1FA78FDA8F89DFC89919F" author="Gallatin, A." box="[635,800,1908,1934]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" refId="ref15151" refString="Gallatin, A. (1836) A synopsis of the Indian tribes within the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, and in the British and Russian possessions in North America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 428 pp." type="book" year="1836">Gallatin, 1836</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFC1FA78FCF8F89DFC65919E" author="Gannett, H." box="[811,972,1908,1935]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" refId="ref15194" refString="Gannett, H. (1905) The origin of certain place names in the United States. US Government Printing Office, Washington, 334 pp." type="book" year="1905">Gannett, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFC1FA78FC04F89DFB32919E" author="Iti Fabvssa" box="[983,1179,1908,1935]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" refId="ref15717" refString="Iti Fabvssa (2015) Our ancient neighbors from the past into the present, Biskinik. Choctaw Nation Newspaper, Durant, Oklahoma, May 2015 Edition. [newspaper]" type="book" year="2015">Iti Fabvssa, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Pascagoula tribe, after which the river is named, was one of the Indigenous peoples that lived in what is now south
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFC1FA78FB0CF871FAF691A3" box="[1247,1375,1944,1970]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
prior to European colonization. The region continues to be home to the Chahta Yakni and the Biloxi.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFC1FA78FF14F809FCD891EB" blockId="13.[151,1437,1332,2042]" box="[199,881,2016,2042]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC1FA78FF14F809FDA291EB" bold="true" box="[199,523,2016,2042]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Suggested Common Name:</emphasis>
|
||
Pascagoula Dusky Salamander.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D657CFFC2FA7BFF14FF7FFCBA97B9" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFC2FA7BFF14FF7FFCBA97B9" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFF14FF7FFEED96A1" bold="true" box="[199,324,150,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFE9DFF7EFDD696A0" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[334,639,151,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFE9DFF7EFDD696A0" box="[334,639,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">Desmognathus pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from all other similar or related species by the following combination of characters: adult body size moderate (mean
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B12FFC2FA7BFC1BFF53FBB396C5" box="[968,1050,186,212]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="47.0">47 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, range =
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B12FFC2FA7BFB1EFF53FAE496C5" box="[1229,1357,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="44.0" valueMax="56.0" valueMin="32.0">32–56 mm</quantity>
|
||
); torso elongated (AG 58% of SVL, range 56–61%) and slender (CW = 13 [11–14]%); head narrow (HW = 15 [12– 16]%); eyes and nostrils closely set (IC and IN = 6 [5–7] % and 4 [4–5]%); snout rounded off giving a blunted or brachycephalic appearance (ES = 5 [4–6]%); tail fin-like and long (TL = 80% of SVL, 62–101%); dorsal color pattern distinct but irregular; ventrolateral (3
|
||
<superScript id="7C129BBFFFC2FA7BFDE9FEAFFDE19745" attach="none" box="[570,584,326,340]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">rd</superScript>
|
||
) row of “portholes” on the body and lateral (2
|
||
<superScript id="7C129BBFFFC2FA7BFB8BFEAFFBC19745" attach="none" box="[1112,1128,326,340]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">nd</superScript>
|
||
) row tail of “portholes” on tail usually visible but jagged or irregular, dorsolateral row (1
|
||
<superScript id="7C129BBFFFC2FA7BFC9EFE83FCF19769" attach="left" box="[845,856,362,376]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">st</superScript>
|
||
row) typically indistinct or faded; postocular stripe distinct and bright, typically orange or yellowish orange.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D657CFFC2FA7BFF14FE59FC5392BC" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFC2FA7BFF14FE59FC5392BC" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFF14FE59FEF197DB" bold="true" box="[199,344,432,458]" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
All but one known specimen appears to be adult or subadult; nothing is known of egg or juvenile morphology, habits, or behavior. A potential larval specimen with gills (DAB16336;
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B12FFC2FA7BFBE0FE3DFB2997FF" box="[1075,1152,468,494]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL) was captured at the Sweetwater Creek site on
|
||
<date id="FFD91037FFC2FA7BFE61FE1EFD2B9400" box="[434,642,503,529]" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" value="2020-12-12">12 December 2020</date>
|
||
and bears little obvious distinctiveness from the larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFB2AFE1EFEAA9425" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFB2AFE1EFEAA9425" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">Desmognathus valentinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFC2FA7BFE97FDF3FDB19425" author="Means, D. B. & Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J." box="[324,536,538,564]" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" pagination="467 - 506" refId="ref17047" refString="Means, D. B., Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J. (2017) A new species of dusky salamander (Amphibia: Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States and a redescription of D. auriculatus. Zootaxa, 4263 (3), 467 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4263.3.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Means
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFE4BFDF2FE7A9425" box="[408,467,538,564]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Several larvae were observed at the Chickasaw Creek site, all of which bore superficial resemblance to those of
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFDF8FDD7FD6B9446" box="[555,706,573,599]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFDF8FDD7FD179446" box="[555,702,573,599]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">D. valentinei</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Mature
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFCF6FDD7FC619446" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[805,968,573,599]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFCF6FDD7FC619446" box="[805,968,573,599]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are moderately large dusky salamanders, with a tail that is thick, girthy, long, and compressed laterally into a fin- or blade-like shape towards the tip. Adults generally have a ground color of dark brown/black or tan/beige, a distinct dorsal color pattern separated from a lighter dorsoventral coloration, and a ventral coloration similar to the sides, typically with melanophores in the stellate condition (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFC2FA7BFEDCFD23FECB94F4" box="[271,354,714,741]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1311,1335]" captionTargetBox="[213,1373,417,1288]" captionTargetId="figure-137@18.[213,1373,417,1288]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 16. Ventral view of the Ward Bayou paratype (MMNS 19623/JYL78) of Desmognathus pascagoula in life. Note the darkened “stellate” condition of the ventral melanophores, as in nearby populations of D. valentinei (see Means et al. 2017). The jagged but prominent ventrolateral line of portholes is clearly visible here on the body, as is the lateral row of “portholes” on the tail." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521496/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal color pattern is typically a solid brown or reddish-brown stripe, edged with roughly 8–10 indistinct chevrons on either side, likely representing the remnants of larval spots. Other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFB5FFD04FA869516" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[1164,1327,749,775]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFB5FFD04FA869516" box="[1164,1327,749,775]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">Desmognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFF44FCF8FE8E953B" box="[151,295,784,810]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFF44FCF8FE8E953B" box="[151,295,784,810]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. valentinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can have dorsal color patterns including a reddish-brown stripe, but with more rounded or scalloped edges. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFF2CFCDDFE37955C" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[255,414,819,845]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFF2CFCDDFE37955C" box="[255,414,819,845]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
these edges are more angular in nature, hence our description as “chevrons.” The dorsoventral surfaces are noticeably lighter, with an abrupt transition from darker dorsally to lighter laterally and ventrally creating a “two-toned” effect (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFC2FA7BFE5BFC93FDB99584" box="[392,528,890,917]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 15" captionStart-1="FIGURE 16" captionStart-2="FIGURE 17" captionStart-3="FIGURE 18" captionStartId-0="17.[151,250,1544,1568]" captionStartId-1="18.[151,250,1311,1335]" captionStartId-2="19.[151,250,1851,1875]" captionStartId-3="20.[151,250,1011,1035]" captionTargetBox-0="[202,1386,633,1521]" captionTargetBox-1="[213,1373,417,1288]" captionTargetBox-2="[177,1410,197,1828]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1398,181,987]" captionTargetId-0="figure-233@17.[202,1386,633,1521]" captionTargetId-1="figure-137@18.[213,1373,417,1288]" captionTargetId-2="figure-20@19.[177,1410,181,1828]" captionTargetId-3="figure-20@20.[189,1398,181,987]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="18" captionTargetPageId-2="19" captionTargetPageId-3="20" captionText-0="FIGURE 15. The Ward Bayou paratype (MMNS 19623/JYL78) of Desmognathus pascagoula in life. Note distinct dorsal color pattern, the irregular lateral “portholes” on the trunk and tail, and the larger ventrolateral “portholes.”" captionText-1="FIGURE 16. Ventral view of the Ward Bayou paratype (MMNS 19623/JYL78) of Desmognathus pascagoula in life. Note the darkened “stellate” condition of the ventral melanophores, as in nearby populations of D. valentinei (see Means et al. 2017). The jagged but prominent ventrolateral line of portholes is clearly visible here on the body, as is the lateral row of “portholes” on the tail." captionText-2="FIGURE 17. A Grand Bay paratype (AUM 45885/RAP1107) of Desmognathus pascagoula in life on isolated (a) and naturalistic (b) backgrounds. Note the bright orange postocular stripe shared by all adult specimens, and the resemblance to the Ward Bayou paratype in terms of the distinct coloration on the dorsal surface of the tail, dark overall coloration, and visibility of the ventrolateral portholes on the body and lateral row of “portholes” on the tail." captionText-3="FIGURE 18. Additional specimen (DAB11479) of Desmognathus pascagoula from the Grand Bay locality, showing variation in color pattern. Note overall lighter coloration compared to the paratypes, though still exhibiting a bright orange postocular stripe, relatively indistinct dorsolateral “portholes,” two-toned lateral coloration and jagged ventrolateral row of “portholes,” reddish-orange stripe on the dorsal surface of the tail, and increased prominence of lateral “portholes” on the tail, which is fat, keeled, and blade-like towards the tip (partially regenerated)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521494" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521496" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521499" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521501" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6521494/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6521496/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6521499/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6521501/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">Figs. 15–18</figureCitation>
|
||
). The distinct dorsal stripe is often visible onto the tail. The lateral surfaces of the trunk and tail usually have the round, whitish “portholes” characteristic of many swamp-dwelling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFB2AFC74FF4795CB" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFB2AFC74FA3595A6" box="[1273,1436,925,951]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">Desmognathus</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
The dorsolateral (1
|
||
<superScript id="7C129BBFFFC2FA7BFE12FC29FE6595DF" attach="none" box="[449,460,960,974]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">st</superScript>
|
||
) row on the body is usually small and indistinct, and the lateral (2
|
||
<superScript id="7C129BBFFFC2FA7BFB45FC29FB0F95DF" attach="none" box="[1174,1190,960,974]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">nd</superScript>
|
||
) row on the body may be incomplete or less pronounced than is the ventrolateral (3
|
||
<superScript id="7C129BBFFFC2FA7BFCEDFC0AFCE295E0" attach="none" box="[830,843,995,1009]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">rd</superScript>
|
||
) row. When “portholes” are present, they often have jagged, uneven edges rather than being circular and smooth-edged. In the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC8855FFC2FA7BFC18FBEEFB849230" box="[971,1069,1031,1057]" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, which is lighter and more tan or beige colored overall, they are barely noticeable in any of the three rows. The head is indistinct from the neck, and the snout is blunt or brachycephalic, rounded off in front. The dorsal stripe in the nuchal region occasionally has lighter or more distinct margins, giving the slight appearance of a paired stripe on the neck. The postocular stripe characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFF66FB7AFEF192BC" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[181,344,1171,1197]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFF66FB7AFEF192BC" box="[181,344,1171,1197]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">Desmognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is bright orange or yellowish orange in all known specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D657CFFC2FA65FF14FB5FFDEA909F" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFC2FA7BFF14FB5FFDFF9021" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFF14FB5FFECD92C1" bold="true" box="[199,356,1206,1232]" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">Comparison:</emphasis>
|
||
Only two species are likely to be confused with
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFCA9FB5EFA8592C1" box="[890,1324,1207,1233]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFCA9FB5EFB0392C0" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[890,1194,1207,1233]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">Desmognathus pascagoula</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFB64FB5EFA8592C1" box="[1207,1324,1207,1232]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conanti">D. conanti</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
C (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFC2FA7BFA82FB5EFEBE92E4" author="Kozak, K. H. & Larson, A. & Bonett, R. M. & Harmon, L. J." pageId="14" pageNumber="67" pagination="2000 - 2016" refId="ref16026" refString="Kozak, K. H., Larson, A., Bonett, R. M. & Harmon, L. J. (2005) Phylogenetic analysis of ecomorphological divergence, community structure, and diversification rates in dusky salamanders (Plethodontidae: Desmognathus). Evolution, 59, 2000 - 2016. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 0014 - 3820.2005. tb 01069. x" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Kozak
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFF44FB32FF6692E5" box="[151,207,1242,1268]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFC2FA7BFEF1FB33FEDB92E5" box="[290,370,1242,1268]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="12.[151,250,945,969]" captionTargetBox="[217,1365,254,857]" captionTargetId="figure-20@12.[170,1416,181,921]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 11. Comparative specimen (AMNH 193773/RAP1108) of Desmognathus conanti C from Pigeon Creek, Clarke Co., Alabama, showing typical coloration of Spotted Dusky Salamanders from the Gulf Coastal Plain (see Valentine, 1963). These populations are often confused with D. valentinei (e.g., by Kozak et al., 2005; see Beamer and Lamb, 2008), and could be mistaken for D. pascagoula. Distinguishing characters include elongated “duck-bill” snout; indistinct postocular stripe; heavy, irregular, light-colored lateral and ventrolateral flecking and speckling; ventrolateral row of “portholes” on the trunk barely distinguishable from flecking; and more slender, less compressed tail with faint lateral row of “portholes” barely visible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521485" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521485/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
); and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFE65FB32FDEF92E5" box="[438,582,1242,1268]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFE65FB32FDEF92E5" box="[438,582,1242,1268]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. valentinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFC2FA7BFD86FB33FD1B92E5" box="[597,690,1242,1268]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[255,1337,1249,1822]" captionTargetId="figure-124@12.[170,1416,1173,1910]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 12. Small specimen (MMNS 19992 /RAP1111) of Desmognathus valentinei from headwaters of West Creek, Harrison Co., Mississippi, showing typical juvenile coloration of “pale auriculatus” sensu Valentine (1963). Note strong overall similarity to D. conanti C (e.g., AMNH 193773/RAP1108; Fig. 11) on superficial examination." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521487/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">Figs. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFC2FA7BFD6EFB33FCAD92E5" box="[701,772,1242,1268]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 19" captionStart-1="FIGURE 20" captionStart-2="FIGURE 21" captionStart-3="FIGURE 22" captionStartId-0="21.[151,250,661,685]" captionStartId-1="21.[151,250,1542,1566]" captionStartId-2="22.[151,250,859,883]" captionStartId-3="22.[156,255,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox-0="[244,1326,252,569]" captionTargetBox-1="[234,1398,939,1502]" captionTargetBox-2="[307,1264,260,762]" captionTargetBox-3="[278,1300,1031,1854]" captionTargetId-0="figure-20@21.[177,1411,181,637]" captionTargetId-1="figure-81@21.[189,1398,817,1518]" captionTargetId-2="figure-20@22.[201,1386,181,835]" captionTargetId-3="figure-79@22.[206,1381,1015,1872]" captionTargetPageId-0="21" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionTargetPageId-2="22" captionTargetPageId-3="22" captionText-0="FIGURE 19. Small specimen (MMNS 19990/RAP1109) of Desmognathus valentinei from Thompson Creek, Wayne Co., Mississippi, showing typical juvenile form and color of “pale auriculatus” sensu Valentine (1963), notably a blunt snout; indistinct postocular stripe; indistinct dorsal color pattern; distinct ventrolateral and lateral “portholes” on the trunk and tail; and distinctly keeled, “fin-like” or “blade-like” tail (partially regrown)." captionText-1="FIGURE 20. Large adult specimen (MMNS 19991/RAP1110) of Desmognathus valentinei from Thompson Creek, Wayne Co., Mississippi, showing typical adult coloration of “pale auriculatus” sensu Valentine (1963). Note overall distinctiveness in body form and coloration from D. pascagoula, including muted coloration of the postocular stripe, girth of the trunk and tail, distinctiveness of all three rows of “portholes” on the trunk, and lack of distinct dorsal color pattern." captionText-2="FIGURE 21. Larger specimen (MMNS 19993/RAP1112) of Desmognathus valentinei from headwaters of West Creek, Harrison Co., Mississippi, beginning to showing typical adult coloration of “dark auriculatus” sensu Valentine (1963) more typical of southeastern Mississippi populations. Note the more uniform and darker dorsal coloration and more brightly contrasting “portholes” in all three rows on the trunk." captionText-3="FIGURE 22. Large specimen (MMNS 19994/RAP1113) of Desmognathus valentinei from headwaters of West Creek, Harrison Co., Mississippi, showing typical adult coloration of “dark auriculatus” sensu Valentine (1963). Note the uniform melanistic dorsal coloration and brightly contrasting ventrolateral “portholes” on the trunk, nearly indistinguishable postocular stripe, and strongly keeled “fin-like” or “blade-like” tail, with lateral row of “portholes” barely visible." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521503" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521505" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521507" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521509" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6521503/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6521505/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6521507/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6521509/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">19–22</figureCitation>
|
||
), the sister species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFC2AFB32FB3592E5" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[1017,1180,1242,1268]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFC2AFB32FB3592E5" box="[1017,1180,1242,1268]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with which it has been conflated in print (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFC2FA7BFEB6FB14FDD69306" author="Beamer, D. A. & Lamb, T." box="[357,639,1277,1303]" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref14174" refString="Beamer, D. A. & Lamb, T. (2020) Towards rectifying limitations on species delineation in dusky salamanders (Desmognathus: Plethodontidae): an ecoregion-drainage sampling grid reveals additional cryptic clades. Zootaxa, 4734 (1), 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4734.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Beamer and Lamb, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFC2FA7BFD5AFB17FCFA9306" author="Means, D. B. & Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J." box="[649,851,1277,1304]" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" pagination="467 - 506" refId="ref17047" refString="Means, D. B., Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J. (2017) A new species of dusky salamander (Amphibia: Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States and a redescription of D. auriculatus. Zootaxa, 4263 (3), 467 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4263.3.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Means
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFD09FB17FCBB9306" box="[730,786,1277,1303]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFC2FA7BFC8CFB17FB819306" author="Pyron, R. A. & O'Connell, K. A. & Lemmon, E. M. & Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A." box="[863,1064,1277,1304]" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" pagination="106751" refId="ref17723" refString="Pyron, R. A., O'Connell, K. A., Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A. (2020) Phylogenomic data reveal reticulation and incongruence among mitochondrial candidate species in dusky salamanders (Desmognathus). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 146, 106751. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2020.106751" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Pyron
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFC7BFB17FC499306" box="[936,992,1277,1303]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFC2FA7BFBE0FB14FBD49306" author="Pyron, R. A. & O'Connell, K. A. & Lemmon, E. M. & Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A." box="[1075,1149,1277,1303]" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" pagination="8574" refId="ref17800" refString="Pyron, R. A., O'Connell, K. A., Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A. (2022 a) Candidate-species delimitation in Desmognathus salamanders reveals gene flow across lineage boundaries confounding phylogenetic estimation and clarifies hybrid zones. Ecology and Evolution, 12 (2), e 8574. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.8574" type="journal article" year="2022">2022a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The swamp-dwelling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFA52FB17FEAC932B" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFA52FB17FEAC932B" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. valentinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
replaces
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFEA2FAC8FDBC932B" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[369,533,1312,1338]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFEA2FAC8FDBC932B" box="[369,533,1312,1338]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the north and west and can be distinguished based on several characteristics. Adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFF33FAADFEDA934C" box="[224,371,1347,1373]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFF33FAADFEDA934C" box="[224,371,1347,1373]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. valentinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
get substantially larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFD17FAADFCC0934C" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[708,873,1347,1373]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFD17FAADFCC0934C" box="[708,873,1347,1373]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(maximum
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B12FFC2FA7BFC24FAAAFBE0934F" box="[1015,1097,1347,1374]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" unit="mm" value="62.0">62 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL vs. 56). Large adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFF44FA8EFE809390" box="[151,297,1383,1409]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFF44FA8EFE809390" box="[151,297,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. valentinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
typically lack bold, distinct dorsal color patterns on the body (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFC2FA7BFC2AFA8EFB7D9390" author="Means, D. B. & Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J." box="[1017,1236,1383,1409]" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" pagination="467 - 506" refId="ref17047" refString="Means, D. B., Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J. (2017) A new species of dusky salamander (Amphibia: Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States and a redescription of D. auriculatus. Zootaxa, 4263 (3), 467 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4263.3.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Means
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFB9DFA8EFB219390" box="[1102,1160,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), unlike larger
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFA52FA8EFEB193B5" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFA52FA8EFEB193B5" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFC2FA7BFEF5FA63FED093B4" box="[294,377,1418,1445]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1544,1568]" captionTargetBox="[202,1386,633,1521]" captionTargetId="figure-233@17.[202,1386,633,1521]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 15. The Ward Bayou paratype (MMNS 19623/JYL78) of Desmognathus pascagoula in life. Note distinct dorsal color pattern, the irregular lateral “portholes” on the trunk and tail, and the larger ventrolateral “portholes.”" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521494/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). Juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFE3CFA62FDD793B5" box="[495,638,1418,1444]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFE3CFA62FDD793B5" box="[495,638,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. valentinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibit bold, reddish orange dorsal color patterns with clearly scalloped edges (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFC2FA7BFF34FA44FE6893D6" author="Means, D. B. & Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J." box="[231,449,1453,1480]" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" pagination="467 - 506" refId="ref17047" refString="Means, D. B., Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J. (2017) A new species of dusky salamander (Amphibia: Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States and a redescription of D. auriculatus. Zootaxa, 4263 (3), 467 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4263.3.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Means
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFEE8FA47FEDC93D6" box="[315,373,1453,1479]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC8855FFC2FA7BFDDDFA47FD9793D9" box="[526,574,1454,1480]" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of pattern is lacking in juvenile or smaller
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFBFFFA47FB7893D6" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[1068,1233,1453,1479]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFBFFFA47FB7893D6" box="[1068,1233,1453,1479]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFC2FA7BFB32FA44FAE993D6" box="[1249,1344,1453,1479]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,462,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1435,166,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 13. The holotype (USNM 596040/RAP1106) of Desmognathus pascagoula in life on isolated (a) and naturalistic (b) backgrounds. Note the relative lack of distinct “portholes” in the dorsolateral and lateral rows on the body and tail, and the bright orange postocular stripe. The ventrolateral row of “portholes” is partially visible on the body." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521489/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFC2FA7BFA9EFA44FAC293D6" box="[1357,1387,1453,1479]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1300,1324]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,166,1276]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[177,1410,166,1276]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 14. The holotype (USNM 596040/RAP1106) of Desmognathus pascagoula in preservative in dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views. Tick marks on ruler are in mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521491/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">14</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFC2FA7BFAABFA44FA3E93D6" box="[1400,1431,1453,1479]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1011,1035]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,987]" captionTargetId="figure-20@20.[189,1398,181,987]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 18. Additional specimen (DAB11479) of Desmognathus pascagoula from the Grand Bay locality, showing variation in color pattern. Note overall lighter coloration compared to the paratypes, though still exhibiting a bright orange postocular stripe, relatively indistinct dorsolateral “portholes,” two-toned lateral coloration and jagged ventrolateral row of “portholes,” reddish-orange stripe on the dorsal surface of the tail, and increased prominence of lateral “portholes” on the tail, which is fat, keeled, and blade-like towards the tip (partially regenerated)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521501/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">18</figureCitation>
|
||
; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFC2FA7BFF12FA38FE3C93FB" author="Means, D. B. & Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J." box="[193,405,1488,1515]" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" pagination="467 - 506" refId="ref17047" refString="Means, D. B., Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J. (2017) A new species of dusky salamander (Amphibia: Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States and a redescription of D. auriculatus. Zootaxa, 4263 (3), 467 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4263.3.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Means
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFEC0FA38FEE393FB" box="[275,330,1488,1514]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Round “portholes” on the lateral surfaces of the trunk and tail form up to three visible rows that are usually obvious, distinct, and occasionally reddish in
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFC80FA1DFC42901C" box="[851,1003,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFC80FA1DFC4E901C" box="[851,999,1523,1549]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">D. valentinei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but less distinct or jagged and always whitish in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFEDEF9FEFE189020" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[269,433,1559,1585]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFEDEF9FEFE189020" box="[269,433,1559,1585]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFC2FA7BFE13F9FEFDEF9020" box="[448,582,1559,1585]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 13" captionStart-1="FIGURE 14" captionStart-2="FIGURE 15" captionStart-3="FIGURE 16" captionStart-4="FIGURE 17" captionStart-5="FIGURE 18" captionStartId-0="15.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionStartId-1="16.[151,250,1300,1324]" captionStartId-2="17.[151,250,1544,1568]" captionStartId-3="18.[151,250,1311,1335]" captionStartId-4="19.[151,250,1851,1875]" captionStartId-5="20.[151,250,1011,1035]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,462,1881]" captionTargetBox-1="[177,1410,166,1276]" captionTargetBox-2="[202,1386,633,1521]" captionTargetBox-3="[213,1373,417,1288]" captionTargetBox-4="[177,1410,197,1828]" captionTargetBox-5="[189,1398,181,987]" captionTargetId-0="figure-20@15.[151,1435,166,1881]" captionTargetId-1="figure-20@16.[177,1410,166,1276]" captionTargetId-2="figure-233@17.[202,1386,633,1521]" captionTargetId-3="figure-137@18.[213,1373,417,1288]" captionTargetId-4="figure-20@19.[177,1410,181,1828]" captionTargetId-5="figure-20@20.[189,1398,181,987]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="17" captionTargetPageId-3="18" captionTargetPageId-4="19" captionTargetPageId-5="20" captionText-0="FIGURE 13. The holotype (USNM 596040/RAP1106) of Desmognathus pascagoula in life on isolated (a) and naturalistic (b) backgrounds. Note the relative lack of distinct “portholes” in the dorsolateral and lateral rows on the body and tail, and the bright orange postocular stripe. The ventrolateral row of “portholes” is partially visible on the body." captionText-1="FIGURE 14. The holotype (USNM 596040/RAP1106) of Desmognathus pascagoula in preservative in dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views. Tick marks on ruler are in mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 15. The Ward Bayou paratype (MMNS 19623/JYL78) of Desmognathus pascagoula in life. Note distinct dorsal color pattern, the irregular lateral “portholes” on the trunk and tail, and the larger ventrolateral “portholes.”" captionText-3="FIGURE 16. Ventral view of the Ward Bayou paratype (MMNS 19623/JYL78) of Desmognathus pascagoula in life. Note the darkened “stellate” condition of the ventral melanophores, as in nearby populations of D. valentinei (see Means et al. 2017). The jagged but prominent ventrolateral line of portholes is clearly visible here on the body, as is the lateral row of “portholes” on the tail." captionText-4="FIGURE 17. A Grand Bay paratype (AUM 45885/RAP1107) of Desmognathus pascagoula in life on isolated (a) and naturalistic (b) backgrounds. Note the bright orange postocular stripe shared by all adult specimens, and the resemblance to the Ward Bayou paratype in terms of the distinct coloration on the dorsal surface of the tail, dark overall coloration, and visibility of the ventrolateral portholes on the body and lateral row of “portholes” on the tail." captionText-5="FIGURE 18. Additional specimen (DAB11479) of Desmognathus pascagoula from the Grand Bay locality, showing variation in color pattern. Note overall lighter coloration compared to the paratypes, though still exhibiting a bright orange postocular stripe, relatively indistinct dorsolateral “portholes,” two-toned lateral coloration and jagged ventrolateral row of “portholes,” reddish-orange stripe on the dorsal surface of the tail, and increased prominence of lateral “portholes” on the tail, which is fat, keeled, and blade-like towards the tip (partially regenerated)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521489" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521491" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521494" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521496" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521499" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521501" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6521489/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6521491/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6521494/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6521496/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/6521499/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/6521501/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">Figs. 13–18</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFC2FA7BFF14F9D3FBCB91EB" blockId="14.[151,1437,150,2043]" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Ravine and stream-dwelling populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFD63F9D3FC189045" box="[688,945,1594,1620]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conanti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFD63F9D3FC189045" box="[688,945,1594,1620]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">Desmognathus conanti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
representing the C lineage (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFC2FA7BFAC5F9D3FE889066" author="Beamer, D. A. & Lamb, T." pageId="14" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref14174" refString="Beamer, D. A. & Lamb, T. (2020) Towards rectifying limitations on species delineation in dusky salamanders (Desmognathus: Plethodontidae): an ecoregion-drainage sampling grid reveals additional cryptic clades. Zootaxa, 4734 (1), 1 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4734.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Beamer and Lamb, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFDD4F9B7FD039066" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[519,682,1629,1655]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFDD4F9B7FD039066" box="[519,682,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC8855FFC2FA7BFD25F9B7FC8F9069" box="[758,806,1630,1656]" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, from which they can be distinguished based on several characteristics. The dorsal color pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFD09F968FCFB908B" box="[730,850,1665,1690]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conanti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFD09F968FCFB908B" box="[730,850,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. conanti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
C is typically a more distinct paired row of square or round blotches originating as larval dorsal spots, while the dorsal stripe of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFBC3F94DFB1C90AC" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[1040,1205,1699,1725]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFBC3F94DFB1C90AC" box="[1040,1205,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is indistinct or with angular, “chevron” edges. The tail of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFDE8F92EFD1890F1" box="[571,689,1735,1760]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conanti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFDE8F92EFD1890F1" box="[571,689,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. conanti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
C is more slender and less compressed than
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFB75F92EFAF890F0" box="[1190,1361,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFB75F92EFAE490F0" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[1190,1357,1735,1761]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">D. pascagoula</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which has a heavily keeled fin- or blade-like tail. The dorsolateral surfaces of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFC7AF902FBB69115" box="[937,1055,1771,1796]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conanti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFC7AF902FBB69115" box="[937,1055,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. conanti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
C are typically heavily pigmented with irregular, light-colored flecking or spotting of various sizes, often extending onto the lateral surfaces of the tail, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFEC5F8D8FE14915B" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[278,445,1840,1866]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFEC5F8D8FE14915B" box="[278,445,1840,1866]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has lighter colored dorsoventral surfaces usually lacking any obvious patterning. An exception are the light-colored “portholes” that are usually indistinguishable from the wash of light-colored flecking in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFF65F89EFE879181" box="[182,302,1911,1936]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conanti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFF65F89EFE879181" box="[182,302,1911,1936]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. conanti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
C, but usually visible in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFD87F89EFD509180" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[596,761,1911,1937]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFD87F89EFD509180" box="[596,761,1911,1937]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The postocular stripe in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFBF2F89EFB309181" box="[1057,1177,1911,1936]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conanti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFBF2F89EFB309181" box="[1057,1177,1911,1936]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. conanti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
C is usually indistinct and typically white in color, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFD9AF872FD4791A5" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[585,750,1946,1972]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFD9AF872FD4791A5" box="[585,750,1946,1972]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is typically bright orange or orangish yellow. Finally, the snout of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFF29F857FED891C6" box="[250,369,1982,2007]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conanti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFF29F857FED891C6" box="[250,369,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. conanti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
C is typically pointed and somewhat spatulate in a “duck-bill” morphology (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFC2FA7BFB07F854FA8F91C6" box="[1236,1318,1981,2007]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="12.[151,250,945,969]" captionTargetBox="[217,1365,254,857]" captionTargetId="figure-20@12.[170,1416,181,921]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 11. Comparative specimen (AMNH 193773/RAP1108) of Desmognathus conanti C from Pigeon Creek, Clarke Co., Alabama, showing typical coloration of Spotted Dusky Salamanders from the Gulf Coastal Plain (see Valentine, 1963). These populations are often confused with D. valentinei (e.g., by Kozak et al., 2005; see Beamer and Lamb, 2008), and could be mistaken for D. pascagoula. Distinguishing characters include elongated “duck-bill” snout; indistinct postocular stripe; heavy, irregular, light-colored lateral and ventrolateral flecking and speckling; ventrolateral row of “portholes” on the trunk barely distinguishable from flecking; and more slender, less compressed tail with faint lateral row of “portholes” barely visible." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521485" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521485/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
), while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC2FA7BFA52F857FEB191EB" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="14" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC2FA7BFA52F857FEB191EB" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more rounded, with a blunt or brachycephalic appearance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFC2FA7BFC1FF809FBFF91EB" box="[972,1110,2016,2042]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 13" captionStart-1="FIGURE 14" captionStart-2="FIGURE 15" captionStart-3="FIGURE 16" captionStart-4="FIGURE 17" captionStart-5="FIGURE 18" captionStartId-0="15.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionStartId-1="16.[151,250,1300,1324]" captionStartId-2="17.[151,250,1544,1568]" captionStartId-3="18.[151,250,1311,1335]" captionStartId-4="19.[151,250,1851,1875]" captionStartId-5="20.[151,250,1011,1035]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,462,1881]" captionTargetBox-1="[177,1410,166,1276]" captionTargetBox-2="[202,1386,633,1521]" captionTargetBox-3="[213,1373,417,1288]" captionTargetBox-4="[177,1410,197,1828]" captionTargetBox-5="[189,1398,181,987]" captionTargetId-0="figure-20@15.[151,1435,166,1881]" captionTargetId-1="figure-20@16.[177,1410,166,1276]" captionTargetId-2="figure-233@17.[202,1386,633,1521]" captionTargetId-3="figure-137@18.[213,1373,417,1288]" captionTargetId-4="figure-20@19.[177,1410,181,1828]" captionTargetId-5="figure-20@20.[189,1398,181,987]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="17" captionTargetPageId-3="18" captionTargetPageId-4="19" captionTargetPageId-5="20" captionText-0="FIGURE 13. The holotype (USNM 596040/RAP1106) of Desmognathus pascagoula in life on isolated (a) and naturalistic (b) backgrounds. Note the relative lack of distinct “portholes” in the dorsolateral and lateral rows on the body and tail, and the bright orange postocular stripe. The ventrolateral row of “portholes” is partially visible on the body." captionText-1="FIGURE 14. The holotype (USNM 596040/RAP1106) of Desmognathus pascagoula in preservative in dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views. Tick marks on ruler are in mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 15. The Ward Bayou paratype (MMNS 19623/JYL78) of Desmognathus pascagoula in life. Note distinct dorsal color pattern, the irregular lateral “portholes” on the trunk and tail, and the larger ventrolateral “portholes.”" captionText-3="FIGURE 16. Ventral view of the Ward Bayou paratype (MMNS 19623/JYL78) of Desmognathus pascagoula in life. Note the darkened “stellate” condition of the ventral melanophores, as in nearby populations of D. valentinei (see Means et al. 2017). The jagged but prominent ventrolateral line of portholes is clearly visible here on the body, as is the lateral row of “portholes” on the tail." captionText-4="FIGURE 17. A Grand Bay paratype (AUM 45885/RAP1107) of Desmognathus pascagoula in life on isolated (a) and naturalistic (b) backgrounds. Note the bright orange postocular stripe shared by all adult specimens, and the resemblance to the Ward Bayou paratype in terms of the distinct coloration on the dorsal surface of the tail, dark overall coloration, and visibility of the ventrolateral portholes on the body and lateral row of “portholes” on the tail." captionText-5="FIGURE 18. Additional specimen (DAB11479) of Desmognathus pascagoula from the Grand Bay locality, showing variation in color pattern. Note overall lighter coloration compared to the paratypes, though still exhibiting a bright orange postocular stripe, relatively indistinct dorsolateral “portholes,” two-toned lateral coloration and jagged ventrolateral row of “portholes,” reddish-orange stripe on the dorsal surface of the tail, and increased prominence of lateral “portholes” on the tail, which is fat, keeled, and blade-like towards the tip (partially regenerated)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521489" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521491" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521494" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521496" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521499" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521501" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6521489/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6521491/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6521494/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6521496/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/6521499/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/6521501/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="67">Figs. 13–18</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF18667FFFC3FA7AFF44F898FBE191C0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521489" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6521489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521489/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="68" startId="15.[151,250,1905,1929]" targetBox="[151,1435,462,1881]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFC3FA7AFF44F898FBE191C0" blockId="15.[151,1437,1905,2002]" pageId="15" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC3FA7AFF44F898FE899198" bold="true" box="[151,288,1905,1929]" pageId="15" pageNumber="68">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
|
||
The holotype (USNM 596040/RAP1106) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFC3FA7AFD38F898FC549198" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[747,1021,1905,1929]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="15" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFC3FA7AFD38F898FC549198" box="[747,1021,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="68">Desmognathus pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in life on isolated (a) and naturalistic (b) backgrounds. Note the relative lack of distinct “portholes” in the dorsolateral and lateral rows on the body and tail, and the bright orange postocular stripe. The ventrolateral row of “portholes” is partially visible on the body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF18667FFFDCFA65FF44FAFDFD979341" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521491" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6521491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521491/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" startId="16.[151,250,1300,1324]" targetBox="[177,1410,166,1276]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFDCFA65FF44FAFDFD979341" blockId="16.[151,1436,1300,1360]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDCFA65FF44FAFDFE89933D" bold="true" box="[151,288,1300,1324]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
|
||
The holotype (USNM 596040/RAP1106) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDCFA65FD23FAFDFBAA933D" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[752,1027,1300,1324]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDCFA65FD23FAFDFBAA933D" box="[752,1027,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Desmognathus pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in preservative in dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views. Tick marks on ruler are in mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFDCFA65FF14FA9EFDEA909F" blockId="16.[151,1437,1399,2038]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDCFA65FF14FA9EFEE89380" bold="true" box="[199,321,1399,1425]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Variation:</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFDCFA65FE98FA91FED79383" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFDCFA65FE98FA91FED79383" box="[331,382,1400,1426]" county="Grand Bay" municipality="Ward Bayou" name="Like" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Like</location>
|
||
many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDCFA65FE03FA91FD7C9383" box="[464,725,1400,1426]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDCFA65FE03FA91FDDF9383" box="[464,630,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Desmognathus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDCFA65FD31FA91FC209383" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[738,905,1400,1426]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDCFA65FD31FA91FC209383" box="[738,905,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits substantial variation in color pattern, seemingly (at least in part) as a local adaptive response to their primary substrate (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDCFA65FB85FA75FAA093A7" author="Grobman, A. B." box="[1110,1289,1435,1462]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref15345" refString="Grobman, A. B. (1950) The distribution of the races of Desmognathus fuscus in the southern states. Natural History Miscellanea, 70, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1950">Grobman, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFDCFA65FACFFA75FAFF93A7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFDCFA65FACFFA75FAFF93A7" box="[1308,1366,1436,1462]" county="Grand Bay" municipality="Ward Bayou" name="Most" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Most</location>
|
||
of the
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFDCFA65FF44FA29FEB893CB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFDCFA65FF44FA29FEB893CB" box="[151,273,1472,1498]" county="Grand Bay" municipality="Ward Bayou" name="Grand Bay" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Grand Bay</location>
|
||
specimens and the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBCAC8DFFDCFA65FE39FA29FDDC93CB" box="[490,629,1472,1498]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Ward Bayou</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC8855FFDCFA65FDAFFA29FD7593CB" box="[636,732,1472,1498]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
are dark colored and were found in leafy pools of dark-colored muck. Some of the
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B94E7BFFDCFA65FEA0FA0DFE4493EF" box="[371,493,1508,1534]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Grand Bay</collectingCounty>
|
||
specimens were lighter in color, but still with a dark gray ground color (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFDCFA65FACEFA0DFAD993EF" box="[1309,1392,1508,1534]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1011,1035]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,987]" captionTargetId="figure-20@20.[189,1398,181,987]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 18. Additional specimen (DAB11479) of Desmognathus pascagoula from the Grand Bay locality, showing variation in color pattern. Note overall lighter coloration compared to the paratypes, though still exhibiting a bright orange postocular stripe, relatively indistinct dorsolateral “portholes,” two-toned lateral coloration and jagged ventrolateral row of “portholes,” reddish-orange stripe on the dorsal surface of the tail, and increased prominence of lateral “portholes” on the tail, which is fat, keeled, and blade-like towards the tip (partially regenerated)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521501/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC8855FFDCFA65FEFAF9E1FE229033" box="[297,395,1544,1570]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was captured in light-gray silty muck (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFDCFA65FC9BF9E1FC229033" box="[840,907,1543,1570]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1184,1208]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,309,1161]" captionTargetId="figure-74@5.[226,1361,309,1161]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. The type locality in the floodplain terrace of Ward Bayou (MS: Jackson). The holotype was captured under the partially submerged log second from the bottom on the right. This portion of the floodplain swamp fed by a bluff seepage was dry on three previous visits to the site in October and December 2019. The paratype was captured farther up the same seep in 2013, and the headwaters contain Desmognathus conanti C. Blue flagging from one of our (JYL) previous field surveys (Lamb 2016) is barely visible on trees in the upper center." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521469" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521469/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) and is accordingly much lighter-colored (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFDCFA65FABCF9E1FF1F9057" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1905,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,462,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-20@15.[151,1435,166,1881]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 13. The holotype (USNM 596040/RAP1106) of Desmognathus pascagoula in life on isolated (a) and naturalistic (b) backgrounds. Note the relative lack of distinct “portholes” in the dorsolateral and lateral rows on the body and tail, and the bright orange postocular stripe. The ventrolateral row of “portholes” is partially visible on the body." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521489/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). This type of substrate-specific variation has previously been noted in Coastal Plain
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDCFA65FBB3F9C5FAAF9057" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[1120,1286,1580,1606]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDCFA65FBB3F9C5FAAF9057" box="[1120,1286,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Desmognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by numerous authors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDCFA65FF25F9B9FE6C907B" author="Means, D. B. & Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J." box="[246,453,1616,1642]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" pagination="467 - 506" refId="ref17047" refString="Means, D. B., Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J. (2017) A new species of dusky salamander (Amphibia: Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States and a redescription of D. auriculatus. Zootaxa, 4263 (3), 467 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4263.3.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Means
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDCFA65FE9BF9B9FED7907B" box="[328,382,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDCFA65FE1DF9B9FD29907A" author="Valentine, B. D." box="[462,640,1616,1643]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" pagination="130 - 139" refId="ref18262" refString="Valentine, B. D. (1963) The salamander genus Desmognathus in Mississippi. Copeia, 1963, 130 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1441280" type="journal article" year="1963">Valentine, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We did not observe any noticeable metachrosis in numerous specimens captured alive and held for>24 hours.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D657CFFDCFA64FF14F97EFAFF9750" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFDCFA65FF14F97EFE0690C7" blockId="16.[151,1437,1399,2038]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDCFA65FF14F97EFEDC90A0" bold="true" box="[199,373,1687,1713]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Reproduction:</emphasis>
|
||
Nothing is known of the reproduction of this species, as no populations have been studied in detail, to our knowledge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFDCFA65FF14F936FA869153" blockId="16.[151,1437,1399,2038]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDCFA65FF14F936FEC190E8" bold="true" box="[199,360,1759,1785]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Dimorphism:</emphasis>
|
||
Little is known about sexual variation in this species. As with most
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDCFA65FBBCF909FAB490EB" box="[1135,1309,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDCFA65FBBCF909FAB190EB" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[1135,1304,1760,1786]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Desmognathus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
large adult males seem to exhibit peramorphic jaw musculature as in their sister species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDCFA65FBC3F8EDFA30910F" authority="(Means et al., 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Means" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[1040,1433,1796,1822]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDCFA65FBC3F8EDFB0B910F" box="[1040,1186,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">D. valentinei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDCFA65FB67F8EDFA38910F" author="Means, D. B. & Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J." box="[1204,1425,1796,1822]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" pagination="467 - 506" refId="ref17047" refString="Means, D. B., Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J. (2017) A new species of dusky salamander (Amphibia: Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States and a redescription of D. auriculatus. Zootaxa, 4263 (3), 467 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4263.3.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Means
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDCFA65FADAF8EDFAED910F" box="[1289,1348,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Other characteristics related to peramorphic cranial ontogeny may also differ sexually (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDCFA65FB47F8C1FA8B9153" author="Means, D. B." box="[1172,1314,1832,1858]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref16779" refString="Means, D. B. (1974) The status of Desmognathus brimleyorum Stejneger and an analysis of the genus Desmognathus (Amphibia: Urodela) in Florida. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences, 18, 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1974">Means 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFDCFA64FF14F8A2FAFF9750" blockId="16.[151,1437,1399,2038]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,610]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDCFA65FF14F8A2FE859174" bold="true" box="[199,300,1867,1893]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
All known specimens have been found in or near a similar
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC8855FFDCFA65FC32F8A5FBB89177" box="[993,1041,1868,1894]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of microhabitat, comprising seeps or pools of leafy muck in the floodplains or swampy lowlands adjacent to larger creeks or rivers. At the three Mobile Co. sites, most specimens were found in the leaf/water/muck matrix and were uncovered by raking through this habitat, while a few were in the muck underneath debris dams of accumulated leaves and sticks. Both Ward Bayou specimens were found under partially submerged logs in a seep consisting primarily of leafy muck (similar to the Grand Bay site) and some flowing water. The Cowart Branch specimens were found under logs in lowland blackwater cypress swamp habitat, while the Sweetwater Creek specimens were primarily in sphagnum mats at the base of ravine seeps. In contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDDFA64FDCAFF36FCEC96E8" authorityName="sensu Valentine" authorityYear="1963" box="[537,837,223,249]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDDFA64FDCAFF36FCEC96E8" box="[537,837,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">Desmognathus auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
A and
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDDFA64FC42FF36FB8196E8" box="[913,1064,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDDFA64FC42FF36FB8A96E8" box="[913,1059,223,249]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">D. valentinei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which are often found to be more active and closer to the surface,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDDFA64FDD4FEEAFD02970C" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[519,683,259,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDDFA64FDD4FEEAFD02970C" box="[519,683,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears, from our limited sample, to be more secretive and prefer more concealed or obscured microhabitats, deep under logs or in the aquatic sediment and vegetation layers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D657CFFDDFA64FF14FEA3FDBF9473" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFDDFA64FF14FEA3FDBF9473" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,610]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDDFA64FF14FEA3FE079775" bold="true" box="[199,430,330,356]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">Referred Material:</emphasis>
|
||
Only a few specimens referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDDFA64FC95FEA2FBDE9774" authorityName="sensu Valentine" authorityYear="1963" box="[838,1143,331,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDDFA64FC95FEA2FBDE9774" box="[838,1143,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">Desmognathus auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known from
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B94E7BFFDDFA64FA97FEA2FF689798" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">Jackson Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFDDFA64FF1FFE86FEE79798" box="[204,334,367,393]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
, potentially representing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDDFA64FDBAFE86FCA59798" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[617,780,367,393]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDDFA64FDBAFE86FCA59798" box="[617,780,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDDFA64FCE3FE86FC699798" box="[816,960,367,393]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDDFA64FCE3FE86FC699798" box="[816,960,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">D. valentinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A collection from north of
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFDDFA64FB24FE86FA349798" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFDDFA64FB24FE86FA349798" box="[1271,1437,367,393]" county="Jackson Co." name="Cumbest Bluff" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" stateProvince="Mississippi">Cumbest Bluff</location>
|
||
dates to 1954 (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9434AB14FFDDFA64FEE9FE7AFE6F97BF" box="[314,454,403,430]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/CM130968" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" type="EnaNcbi">CM 130968</accessionNumber>
|
||
-70), and one from 1957 (FMNH 193516, 193811) bears only the locality “Jackson Co.” A MMNS series collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFDDFA64FE0CFE5EFDDB97C0" box="[479,626,439,465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">L.H. Kendall</collectorName>
|
||
in 1963 includes individuals from
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFDDFA64FC26FE5EFB3097C0" box="[1013,1177,439,465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">Ocean Springs</collectorName>
|
||
(MMNS 11395),
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFDDFA64FA8CFE5EFF7B97E4" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">Moss Point</collectorName>
|
||
(MMNS 11432–4),
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFDDFA64FE10FE32FDA697E4" box="[451,527,475,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">Kreole</collectorName>
|
||
(MMNS 11598–9, 11905–6), and
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFDDFA64FC75FE32FBB797E4" box="[934,1054,475,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">Escatawpa</collectorName>
|
||
(MMNS 11847–8), and a single specimen (MMNS 16064) was reported in 2007 from
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFDDFA64FD38FE16FCDF9408" box="[747,886,511,537]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">Ward Bayou</collectorName>
|
||
WMA.
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFDDFA64FC03FE16FC5C9408" box="[976,1013,511,537]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">We</collectorName>
|
||
did not examine these specimens; it is thus possible that some represent
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDDFA64FDC3FDCAFD24942D" box="[528,653,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDDFA64FDC3FDCAFD20942D" box="[528,649,547,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conanti">D. conanti</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
with which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDDFA64FCCAFDCAFC12942C" authorityName="sensu Valentine" authorityYear="1963" box="[793,955,547,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDDFA64FCCAFDCAFC12942C" box="[793,955,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">D. auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been confused in the area (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDDFA64FA96FDCAFEF89470" author="Beamer, D. A. & Lamb, T." pageId="17" pageNumber="70" pagination="143 - 153" refId="ref14235" refString="Beamer, D. A. & Lamb, T. (2008) Dusky salamanders (Desmognathus, Plethodontidae) from the coastal plain: multiple independent lineages and their bearing on the molecular phylogeny of the genus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 47, 143 - 153. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2008.01.015" type="journal article" year="2008">Beamer and Lamb, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDDFA64FE8FFDAEFDA09473" author="Valentine, B. D." box="[348,521,583,610]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" pagination="130 - 139" refId="ref18262" refString="Valentine, B. D. (1963) The salamander genus Desmognathus in Mississippi. Copeia, 1963, 130 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1441280" type="journal article" year="1963">Valentine 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF18667FFFDDFA64FF44F9E1FB309054" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521494" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6521494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521494/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" startId="17.[151,250,1544,1568]" targetBox="[202,1386,633,1521]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFDDFA64FF44F9E1FB309054" blockId="17.[151,1436,1544,1605]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDDFA64FF44F9E1FEB69030" bold="true" box="[151,287,1544,1569]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
|
||
The Ward Bayou paratype (MMNS 19623/JYL78) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDDFA64FC93F9E0FBFB9030" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[832,1106,1545,1569]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDDFA64FC93F9E0FBFB9030" box="[832,1106,1545,1569]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">Desmognathus pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in life. Note distinct dorsal color pattern, the irregular lateral “portholes” on the trunk and tail, and the larger ventrolateral “portholes.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D657CFFDDFA61FF14F99AFB5291C6" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFDDFA64FF14F99AFC68910C" blockId="17.[151,1437,1651,2037]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">
|
||
We examined five historical collections possibly referable to
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDDFA64FCB2F99AFB3C909C" box="[865,1173,1651,1677]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDDFA64FCB2F99AFB38909C" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[865,1169,1651,1677]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">Desmognathus pascagoula</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
First, USNM 51142–51 dates to
|
||
<date id="FFD91037FFDDFA64FF26F97EFE2B90A0" box="[245,386,1687,1713]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" value="1914-02-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9DE9DFFFDDFA64FF26F97EFE2B90A0" box="[245,386,1687,1713]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" value="1914-02-19">19 Feb 1914</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBCAC8DFFDDFA64FE14F97EFDB990A0" box="[455,528,1687,1713]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">Biloxi</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B94E7BFFDDFA64FDC8F97EFD0790A0" box="[539,686,1687,1713]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">Harrison Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFDDFA64FD69F97EFC9490A0" box="[698,829,1687,1713]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFDDFA64FC9BF97EFC2290A0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFDDFA64FC9BF97EFC2290A0" box="[840,907,1687,1713]" county="Harrison Co." municipality="Biloxi" name="These" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" stateProvince="Mississippi">These</location>
|
||
specimens resemble
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDDFA64FBA9F971FABB90A0" box="[1146,1298,1687,1713]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDDFA64FBA9F971FAA790A0" box="[1146,1294,1687,1713]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">D. valentinei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
populations of which exist in that county confirmed by DNA sequencing (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDDFA64FC8FF952FB9E90C4" author="Means, D. B. & Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J." box="[860,1079,1723,1749]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" pagination="467 - 506" refId="ref17047" refString="Means, D. B., Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J. (2017) A new species of dusky salamander (Amphibia: Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States and a redescription of D. auriculatus. Zootaxa, 4263 (3), 467 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4263.3.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Means
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDDFA64FC62F955FC4290C4" box="[945,1003,1723,1749]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the locality is outside the
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFDDFA64FF44F936FEBC90E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFDDFA64FF44F936FEBC90E8" box="[151,277,1759,1785]" county="Harrison Co." municipality="Biloxi" name="Pascagoula" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" stateProvince="Mississippi">Pascagoula</location>
|
||
drainage, suggesting that they are likely indeed
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDDFA64FCE1F909FC6390E8" box="[818,970,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDDFA64FCE1F909FC6F90E8" box="[818,966,1759,1785]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">D. valentinei</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFDDFA64FC02F936FBCC90E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFDDFA64FC02F936FBCC90E8" box="[977,1125,1759,1785]" county="Harrison Co." municipality="Biloxi" name="Nevertheless" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" stateProvince="Mississippi">Nevertheless</location>
|
||
, a contact zone between the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDDFA64FF44F8EDFE93910C" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,314,1795,1821]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDDFA64FF44F8EDFE93910C" box="[151,314,1795,1821]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDDFA64FEA2F8EDFDA8910C" box="[369,513,1795,1821]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDDFA64FEA2F8EDFDA8910C" box="[369,513,1795,1821]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">D. valentinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
likely occurs somewhere in this region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFDDFA64FF14F8CEFE0E91E4" blockId="17.[151,1437,1651,2037]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFDDFA64FF14F8CEFEB59150" box="[199,284,1831,1857]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">Second</collectorName>
|
||
, USNM 57226, 57228, 57232–36, and 51142–51 lack specific localities, but 57226 dates to
|
||
<date id="FFD91037FFDDFA64FAE1F8CEFA359150" box="[1330,1436,1831,1857]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" value="1894-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9DE9DFFFDDFA64FAE1F8CEFA359150" box="[1330,1436,1831,1857]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" value="1894-09">Sep 1894</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B94E7BFFDDFA64FF0BF8A2FEC29174" box="[216,363,1867,1893]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">Baldwin Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFDDFA64FEAAF8A2FE4B9174" box="[377,482,1867,1893]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
; 57228 dates to 1909 from
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B94E7BFFDDFA64FCF4F8A2FC049174" box="[807,941,1867,1893]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">Mobile Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFDDFA64FC69F8A2FB8A9174" box="[954,1059,1867,1893]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
; and 57232–36 dates to
|
||
<date id="FFD91037FFDDFA64FA90F8A2FF669198" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" value="1910-05-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9DE9DFFFDDFA64FA90F8A2FF669198" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" value="1910-05-28">28 May 1910</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B94E7BFFDDFA64FEC8F886FE099198" box="[283,416,1903,1929]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">Mobile Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFDDFA64FE7DF886FDBE9198" box="[430,535,1903,1929]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFDDFA64FDF7F886FDC89198" box="[548,609,1903,1929]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">None</collectorName>
|
||
are particularly well-preserved, but all have a distinct
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDDFA64FB30F886FAC59198" box="[1251,1388,1903,1929]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">auriculatus-</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC8855FFDDFA64FABFF886FA359198" box="[1388,1436,1903,1929]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">type</typeStatus>
|
||
morphology, including a blunt or brachycephalic snout, slender, elongated trunk, white lateral portholes of varying degrees of distinctiveness, and long, keeled tails.
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFDDFA64FD1DF85EFD5A91C0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFDDFA64FD1DF85EFD5A91C0" box="[718,755,1975,2001]" name="We" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" stateProvince="Alabama">We</location>
|
||
tentatively conclude that these are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDDFA64FB5AF851FA8791C0" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[1161,1326,1975,2001]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDDFA64FB5AF851FA8791C0" box="[1161,1326,1975,2001]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on locality and appearance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFDEFA67FF14FF7EFD6B9798" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,393]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFDEFA67FF14FF7EFEA196A0" box="[199,264,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Third</collectorName>
|
||
, a lot of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D61FD7EFFDEFA67FEB3FF7EFDA196A0" box="[352,520,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
originally catalogued under MCZ A-2783 as
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDEFA67FC25FF7EFB1896A0" box="[1014,1201,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDEFA67FC25FF7EFB3596A0" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[1014,1180,151,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Desmognathus</taxonomicName>
|
||
“
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDEFA67FB62FF7EFAFE96A0" authorityName="sensu Valentine" authorityYear="1963" box="[1201,1367,151,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDEFA67FB01FF7EFAFE96A0" box="[1234,1367,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDEFA67FA84FF7EFAC896A0" box="[1367,1377,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">”</emphasis>
|
||
were collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFDEFA67FEF5FF52FE7596C4" box="[294,476,187,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Julius Hurter Sr.</collectorName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B94E7BFFDEFA67FDF3FF52FD0896C4" box="[544,673,187,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Mobile Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFDEFA67FD78FF52FCB996C4" box="[683,784,187,213]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
in
|
||
<date id="FFD91037FFDEFA67FCE7FF52FC7096C4" box="[820,985,187,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" value="1911-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9DE9DFFFDEFA67FCE7FF52FC7096C4" box="[820,985,187,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" value="1911-02">February 1911</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBCAC8DFFDEFA67FC37FF52FBAB96C4" box="[996,1026,187,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Of</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
these, three were later re-catalogued as MCZ A-4745–7, of which A-4745 is a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDEFA67FD50FF36FCDD96E8" baseAuthorityName="Green" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[643,884,223,249]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glutinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDEFA67FD50FF36FCDD96E8" box="[643,884,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Plethodon glutinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex.
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFDEFA67FC3CFF36FBB296E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFDEFA67FC3CFF36FBB296E8" box="[1007,1051,223,249]" county="Mobile Co." municipality="Of" name="The" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" stateProvince="Alabama">The</location>
|
||
remainder are
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDEFA67FB1EFF36FAD396E8" box="[1229,1402,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDEFA67FB1EFF36FADF96E8" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[1229,1398,223,249]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Desmognathus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
of which A-4746 is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDEFA67FE8BFEEAFE66970D" box="[344,463,259,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conanti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDEFA67FE8BFEEAFE66970D" box="[344,463,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">D. conanti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
C, collected on
|
||
<date id="FFD91037FFDEFA67FD54FEEAFCF9970C" box="[647,848,259,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" value="1911-02-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9DE9DFFFDEFA67FD54FEEAFCF9970C" box="[647,848,259,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" value="1911-02-13">13 February 1911</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, and A-2783 & A-4747 appear to be
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDEFA67FB22FEEAFA35970C" box="[1265,1436,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDEFA67FB22FEEAFA31970C" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[1265,1432,259,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">D. pascagoula</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
collected on 5 &
|
||
<date id="FFD91037FFDEFA67FE8CFECEFD839750" box="[351,554,295,321]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" value="1911-02-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9DE9DFFFDEFA67FE8CFECEFD839750" box="[351,554,295,321]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" value="1911-02-10">10 February 1911</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, respectively.
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFDEFA67FD1EFECEFD5B9750" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFDEFA67FD1EFECEFD5B9750" box="[717,754,295,321]" county="Mobile Co." municipality="Of" name="We" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" stateProvince="Alabama">We</location>
|
||
again base this on a blunt or brachycephalic snout, slender, elongated trunk, white lateral portholes of varying degrees of distinctiveness, and long, keeled tails.
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFDEFA67FAD1FEA2FA8D9774" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFDEFA67FAD1FEA2FA8D9774" box="[1282,1316,331,357]" county="Mobile Co." municipality="Of" name="No" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" stateProvince="Alabama">No</location>
|
||
additional locality data are contained in the MCZ catalogue.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF18667FFFDEFA67FF44FAF6FEAD93B2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521496" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6521496" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521496/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" startId="18.[151,250,1311,1335]" targetBox="[213,1373,417,1288]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFDEFA67FF44FAF6FEAD93B2" blockId="18.[151,1437,1311,1443]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDEFA67FF44FAF6FE899326" bold="true" box="[151,288,1311,1335]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of the Ward Bayou paratype (MMNS 19623/JYL78) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDEFA67FC37FAF6FB5F9326" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[996,1270,1311,1335]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDEFA67FC37FAF6FB5F9326" box="[996,1270,1311,1335]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Desmognathus pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in life. Note the darkened “stellate” condition of the ventral melanophores, as in nearby populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDEFA67FBC4FAADFB32934A" box="[1047,1179,1347,1371]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDEFA67FBC4FAADFB32934A" box="[1047,1179,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">D. valentinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDEFA67FB07FAAAFA3B934A" author="Means, D. B. & Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J." box="[1236,1426,1347,1371]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" pagination="467 - 506" refId="ref17047" refString="Means, D. B., Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J. (2017) A new species of dusky salamander (Amphibia: Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States and a redescription of D. auriculatus. Zootaxa, 4263 (3), 467 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4263.3.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Means
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDEFA67FACCFAADFAFD934A" box="[1311,1364,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The jagged but prominent ventrolateral line of portholes is clearly visible here on the body, as is the lateral row of “portholes” on the tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFDEFA67FF14FA38FACA911A" blockId="18.[151,1436,1489,1804]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">
|
||
Fourth, the University of South
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFDEFA67FDE2FA38FD3F93FA" box="[561,662,1489,1515]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
museum has an extensive collection of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDEFA67FB8DFA38FAAD93FA" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[1118,1284,1489,1515]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDEFA67FB8DFA38FAAD93FA" box="[1118,1284,1489,1515]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Desmognathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Mobile Co. Based on photographs of some specimens provided by D. Bruce Means, most appeared to represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDEFA67FAF5FA1FFE889025" authority="C. However" authorityName="C. However" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conanti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDEFA67FAF5FA1FFA35901E" box="[1318,1436,1526,1551]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">D. conanti</emphasis>
|
||
C. However
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, two collections may represent
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDEFA67FD5AF9F3FC9F9022" box="[649,822,1561,1587]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDEFA67FD5AF9F3FC9B9022" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[649,818,1561,1587]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">D. pascagoula</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The first is “U. of S.A. #966–7” from “
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B12FFDEFA67FB2DF9F0FA929022" box="[1278,1339,1561,1587]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" unit="mi" value="2.0">2 mi.</quantity>
|
||
N.W. of Semmes along N side of G.M.&O. Railroad” collected
|
||
<date id="FFD91037FFDEFA67FCD1F9D4FC759046" box="[770,988,1597,1623]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" value="1968-11-26">26 November 1968</date>
|
||
. The second is “U. of S.A. #1517” from “2 ½ air miles SW of Semmes on Wolff Rd. at small stream” collected
|
||
<date id="FFD91037FFDEFA67FC14F988FB0F906A" box="[967,1190,1633,1659]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" value="1969-11-18">18 November 1969</date>
|
||
. These specimens are faded and poorly preserved, but resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDEFA67FDA1F96FFCBF908E" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[626,790,1669,1695]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDEFA67FDA1F96FFCBF908E" box="[626,790,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having slender trunks, long laterally compressed tails, and relatively short toes. These localities are ~
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B12FFDEFA67FD77F940FD4C90D5" box="[676,741,1705,1732]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" unit="km" value="15.0">15km</quantity>
|
||
WSW of the Chickasaw Creek site and occur near what is or would have been suitable lowland swamp habitat. It seems likely that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDEFA67FC16F927FBC290F6" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[965,1131,1741,1767]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDEFA67FC16F927FBC290F6" box="[965,1131,1741,1767]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs or occurred in this region. We did not examine other specimens in person; more
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDEFA67FC95F91BFC40911A" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[838,1001,1777,1803]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDEFA67FC95F91BFC40911A" box="[838,1001,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be present in this collection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF18667FFFDFFA66FF44F8D2FC0891D1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521499" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6521499" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521499/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" startId="19.[151,250,1851,1875]" targetBox="[177,1410,197,1828]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFDFFA66FF44F8D2FC0891D1" blockId="19.[151,1437,1851,1984]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDFFA66FF44F8D2FEB79142" bold="true" box="[151,286,1851,1875]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
|
||
A Grand Bay paratype (AUM 45885/RAP1107) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDFFA66FCCEF8D5FB849145" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[797,1069,1852,1876]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDFFA66FCCEF8D5FB849145" box="[797,1069,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">Desmognathus pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in life on isolated (a) and naturalistic (b) backgrounds. Note the bright orange postocular stripe shared by all adult specimens, and the resemblance to the Ward Bayou paratype in terms of the distinct coloration on the dorsal surface of the tail, dark overall coloration, and visibility of the ventrolateral portholes on the body and lateral row of “portholes” on the tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF18667FFFD8FA61FF44FC1AFCAA928A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521501" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6521501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521501/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" startId="20.[151,250,1011,1035]" targetBox="[189,1398,181,987]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFD8FA61FF44FC1AFCAA928A" blockId="20.[151,1437,1011,1179]" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD8FA61FF44FC1AFE89921A" bold="true" box="[151,288,1011,1035]" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
|
||
Additional specimen (DAB11479) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFD8FA61FD76FC1AFC1E921A" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[677,951,1011,1035]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD8FA61FD76FC1AFC1E921A" box="[677,951,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">Desmognathus pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Grand Bay locality, showing variation in color pattern. Note overall lighter coloration compared to the paratypes, though still exhibiting a bright orange postocular stripe, relatively indistinct dorsolateral “portholes,” two-toned lateral coloration and jagged ventrolateral row of “portholes,” reddish-orange stripe on the dorsal surface of the tail, and increased prominence of lateral “portholes” on the tail, which is fat, keeled, and blade-like towards the tip (partially regenerated).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFD8FA61FF14FB20FED29082" blockId="20.[151,1437,1225,2007]" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Fifth, a specimen of exceptional interest is AUM 10543 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFD8FA61FCE4FB20FC2192F2" box="[823,904,1225,1251]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1376,1400]" captionTargetBox="[201,1354,383,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-67@24.[201,1386,273,1353]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 23. Possible specimen of Desmognathus pascagoula (AUM 10543) from near Tensaw, Baldwin Co., Alabama in dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views. Key features suggesting conspecificity with the Pascagoula populations are a relatively blunt or brachycephalic snout; distinct postocular stripe (faded in preservative, but of an apparently bright color in life); distinct dorsal color pattern; jagged but noticeable ventrolateral and lateral “portholes” on the trunk and tail(appearing as light areas devoid of melanin); ventral melanophores in the “stellate” condition; and heavily keeled, “fin-like” or “blade-like” tail with distinct dorsal coloration." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521511" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521511/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
), collected
|
||
<date id="FFD91037FFD8FA61FBD6FB20FB0492F2" box="[1029,1197,1225,1251]" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" value="1968-03-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9DE9DFFFD8FA61FBD6FB20FB0492F2" box="[1029,1197,1225,1251]" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" value="1968-03-30">30 March 1968</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFD8FA61FB07FB23FA9392F2" box="[1236,1338,1225,1252]" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">J. Byford</collectorName>
|
||
“
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A6A2FD5FFD8FA61FA98FB20FEB59319" location="Tensaw" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B12FFD8FA61FA98FB20FA3492F2" box="[1355,1437,1225,1252]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.04672" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" unit="mi" value="5.0">5 miles</quantity>
|
||
SW Tensaw
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
, approx
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A6A2FD5FFD8FA61FEA9FB04FDA99319" box="[378,512,1261,1288]" location="East" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B12FFD8FA61FEA9FB04FE629316" box="[378,459,1261,1287]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" unit="mi" value="2.0">2 miles</quantity>
|
||
East
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
of bend in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFD8FA61FDA9FB04FD769316" box="[634,735,1261,1287]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
River, on Ft Pierce Hunting Club.” This locality is a significant distance from the other historical
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFD8FA61FDC4FAF8FDD5933A" box="[535,636,1297,1323]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFD8FA61FCFCFAF8FBF6933A" authorityName="sensu Valentine" authorityYear="1963" box="[815,1119,1297,1323]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD8FA61FCFCFAF8FBF6933A" box="[815,1119,1297,1323]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">Desmognathus auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which occurred west of the
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFD8FA61FF44FADCFED9935E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFD8FA61FF44FADCFED9935E" box="[151,368,1333,1359]" name="Apalachicola River" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" stateProvince="Alabama">Apalachicola River</location>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFD8FA61FE6FFADCFDA4935E" box="[444,525,1333,1359]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
panhandle and adjacent southeastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFD8FA61FC61FADCFBBE935E" box="[946,1047,1333,1359]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFD8FA61FBF6FADCFB12935E" author="Means, D. B." box="[1061,1211,1333,1359]" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref16872" refString="Means, D. B. (1999) Desmognathus auriculatus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 681, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.15781 / T 28 P 5 VF 4 F" type="journal article" year="1999">Means, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The specimen was considered to represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFD8FA61FE77FAB3FDEF9362" authorityName="sensu Valentine" authorityYear="1963" box="[420,582,1369,1395]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD8FA61FE77FAB3FDEF9362" box="[420,582,1369,1395]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">D. auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFD8FA61FDA2FAB0FCF79362" author="Graham, S. P. & Timpe, E. K. & Laurencio, L. R." box="[625,862,1369,1395]" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" pagination="360 - 373" refId="ref15291" refString="Graham, S. P., Timpe, E. K. & Laurencio, L. R. (2010) Status and possible decline of the Southern Dusky Salamander (Desmognathus auriculatus) in Georgia and Alabama, USA. Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 5, 360 - 373." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Graham
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD8FA61FD00FAB3FCA59362" box="[723,780,1369,1395]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFD8FA61FC46FAB3FB8F9362" box="[917,1062,1369,1395]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD8FA61FC46FAB3FB8F9362" box="[917,1062,1369,1395]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">D. valentinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFD8FA61FB81FAB3FA809362" author="Means, D. B. & Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J." box="[1106,1321,1369,1396]" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" pagination="467 - 506" refId="ref17047" refString="Means, D. B., Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J. (2017) A new species of dusky salamander (Amphibia: Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States and a redescription of D. auriculatus. Zootaxa, 4263 (3), 467 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4263.3.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Means
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD8FA61FB77FAB3FB749362" box="[1188,1245,1369,1395]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: their
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFD8FA61FAA3FAB0FF0E9389" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1184,1208]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,309,1161]" captionTargetId="figure-74@5.[226,1361,309,1161]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. The type locality in the floodplain terrace of Ward Bayou (MS: Jackson). The holotype was captured under the partially submerged log second from the bottom on the right. This portion of the floodplain swamp fed by a bluff seepage was dry on three previous visits to the site in October and December 2019. The paratype was captured farther up the same seep in 2013, and the headwaters contain Desmognathus conanti C. Blue flagging from one of our (JYL) previous field surveys (Lamb 2016) is barely visible on trees in the upper center." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521469" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521469/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Due to preservation differences, we did not take measurements to include in our linear morphometric analyses. Nevertheless, several features suggest that this specimen represents
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD8FA61FC72FA4BFBE793AA" box="[929,1102,1441,1467]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFD8FA61FC72FA4BFBE393AA" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[929,1098,1441,1467]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">D. pascagoula</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
These are an elongated head and relatively blunt or brachycephalic snout; relatively closely set eyes and nostrils; a relatively slender, elongated trunk; a distinct orbito-labial stripe (faded in preservative, but of an apparently bright color in life); a distinct dorsal color pattern; noticeable lateral “portholes” on the trunk and lateral side of tail; ventral melanophores in the “stellate” condition; and a heavily keeled, “fin-like” or “blade-like” tail. Of these, we consider the distinctiveness of the dorsal color pattern and indistinctiveness of the lateral “portholes” as the strongest evidence for conspecificity with
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD8FA61FF03F993FED29082" box="[208,379,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFD8FA61FF03F993FEDE9082" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[208,375,1657,1683]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">D. pascagoula</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFD8FA61FF14F974FB5291C6" blockId="20.[151,1437,1225,2007]" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Finally, we refer AUM 45536–7 (field tags RAP2222 & 2223) and USNM 596045–6 (field tags RAP 2221 & 2224), collected by RAP, DAB, and NA on
|
||
<date id="FFD91037FFD8FA61FD5CF928FC9790CA" box="[655,830,1729,1756]" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" value="2022-01-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF9DE9DFFFD8FA61FD5CF928FC9790CA" box="[655,830,1729,1756]" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" value="2022-01-05">5 January 2022</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
at ~1200h in a ravine tributary of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBCAC8DFFD8FA61FB1CF928FA3190CA" box="[1231,1432,1729,1755]" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">Chickasaw Creek</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B94E7BFFD8FA61FF44F90CFEB290EE" box="[151,283,1765,1791]" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">Mobile Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFD8FA61FEFBF90CFE2490EE" box="[296,397,1765,1791]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
(30.78, -88.09,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B12FFD8FA61FD94F90CFDC290EE" box="[583,619,1765,1791]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="6.0">
|
||
<elevation id="004AD1C4FFD8FA61FD94F90CFDC290EE" box="[583,619,1765,1791]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="6.0">6m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
ASL) to this species.
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFD8FA61FCBFF90CFC1990EE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFD8FA61FCBFF90CFC1990EE" box="[876,944,1765,1791]" county="Mobile Co." municipality="Chickasaw Creek" name="Given" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" stateProvince="Alabama">Given</location>
|
||
the overall extreme level of mitochondrial divergence in this group compared to most congeners, the presence of higher levels of infraspecific divergence within other similar candidate species (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFD8FA61FD40F8C7FC9E9156" authorityName="sensu Valentine" authorityYear="1963" box="[659,823,1837,1863]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD8FA61FD40F8C7FC9E9156" box="[659,823,1837,1863]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">D. auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
A = 6.8%,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFD8FA61FC13F8C7FBCD9156" authorityName="sensu Valentine" authorityYear="1963" box="[960,1124,1837,1863]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD8FA61FC13F8C7FBCD9156" box="[960,1124,1837,1863]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">D. auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
B/C = 8.4%), the apparent lack of morphological differentiation, and their spatial proximity (~
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B12FFD8FA61FC66F8B8FC51917A" box="[949,1016,1873,1899]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" unit="km" value="42.0">42km</quantity>
|
||
between the
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFD8FA61FB4EF8B8FACE917A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFD8FA61FB4EF8B8FACE917A" box="[1181,1383,1873,1899]" county="Mobile Co." municipality="Chickasaw Creek" name="Chickasaw Creek" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" stateProvince="Alabama">Chickasaw Creek</location>
|
||
and
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFD8FA61FF44F89CFEE9919E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFD8FA61FF44F89CFEE9919E" box="[151,320,1909,1935]" county="Mobile Co." municipality="Chickasaw Creek" name="Franklin Creek" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" stateProvince="Alabama">Franklin Creek</location>
|
||
sites), we continue to treat the
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFD8FA61FD48F89CFD45919E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFD8FA61FD48F89CFD45919E" box="[667,748,1909,1935]" county="Mobile Co." municipality="Chickasaw Creek" name="Mobile" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" stateProvince="Alabama">Mobile</location>
|
||
drainage population as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFD8FA61FC26F89FFB31919E" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[1013,1176,1909,1935]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD8FA61FC26F89FFB31919E" box="[1013,1176,1909,1935]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, representing a distinct phylogeographic lineage
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD8FA61FE61F873FE5991A2" box="[434,496,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFD8FA61FE24F873FD7091A2" author="Pyron, R. A. & O'Connell, K. A. & Lemmon, E. M. & Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A." box="[503,729,1945,1972]" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" pagination="8574" refId="ref17800" refString="Pyron, R. A., O'Connell, K. A., Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R. & Beamer, D. A. (2022 a) Candidate-species delimitation in Desmognathus salamanders reveals gene flow across lineage boundaries confounding phylogenetic estimation and clarifies hybrid zones. Ecology and Evolution, 12 (2), e 8574. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ece 3.8574" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Pyron
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD8FA61FD93F873FDD191A2" box="[576,632,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFD8FA61FD30F870FC8D91A2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFD8FA61FD30F870FC8D91A2" box="[739,804,1945,1971]" county="Mobile Co." municipality="Chickasaw Creek" name="There" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" stateProvince="Alabama">There</location>
|
||
is a clear need to sample additional individuals from the
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFD8FA61FF44F854FE2591C6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFD8FA61FF44F854FE2591C6" box="[151,396,1981,2007]" county="Mobile Co." municipality="Chickasaw Creek" name="Mobile-Tensaw River" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" stateProvince="Alabama">Mobile-Tensaw River</location>
|
||
delta in
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFD8FA61FE3EF854FDE591C6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFD8FA61FE3EF854FDE591C6" box="[493,588,1981,2007]" county="Mobile Co." municipality="Chickasaw Creek" name="Baldwin" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" stateProvince="Alabama">Baldwin</location>
|
||
and
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFD8FA61FD51F854FCAB91C6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFD8FA61FD51F854FCAB91C6" box="[642,770,1981,2007]" county="Mobile Co." municipality="Chickasaw Creek" name="Mobile Co." pageId="20" pageNumber="73" stateProvince="Alabama">Mobile Co.</location>
|
||
and include them in phylogenomic analyses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF18667FFFD9FA60FF44FD7CFC979508" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521503" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6521503" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521503/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="74" startId="21.[151,250,661,685]" targetBox="[244,1326,252,569]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFD9FA60FF44FD7CFC979508" blockId="21.[151,1437,661,793]" pageId="21" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD9FA60FF44FD7CFE8A94BC" bold="true" box="[151,291,661,685]" pageId="21" pageNumber="74">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
|
||
Small specimen (MMNS 19990/RAP1109) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFD9FA60FCC4FD7CFBB294BC" box="[791,1051,661,685]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD9FA60FCC4FD7CFBB294BC" box="[791,1051,661,685]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="74">Desmognathus valentinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Thompson Creek, Wayne Co., Mississippi, showing typical juvenile form and color of “pale
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFD9FA60FCFFFD50FC3694C0" authority="sensu Valentine (1963)" authorityName="sensu Valentine" authorityYear="1963" box="[812,927,697,721]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD9FA60FCFFFD50FC3694C0" box="[812,927,697,721]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="74">auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD9FA60FC66FD53FC4494C0" box="[949,1005,698,721]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="74">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFD9FA60FC24FD50FB0E94C0" author="Valentine, B. D." box="[1015,1191,697,721]" pageId="21" pageNumber="74" pagination="130 - 139" refId="ref18262" refString="Valentine, B. D. (1963) The salamander genus Desmognathus in Mississippi. Copeia, 1963, 130 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1441280" type="journal article" year="1963">Valentine (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, notably a blunt snout; indistinct postocular stripe; indistinct dorsal color pattern; distinct ventrolateral and lateral “portholes” on the trunk and tail; and distinctly keeled, “fin-like” or “blade-like” tail (partially regrown).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF18667FFFD9FA60FF44F9EFFB39909B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521505" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6521505" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521505/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="74" startId="21.[151,250,1542,1566]" targetBox="[234,1398,939,1502]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFD9FA60FF44F9EFFB39909B" blockId="21.[151,1436,1542,1674]" pageId="21" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD9FA60FF44F9EFFE8A900F" bold="true" box="[151,291,1542,1566]" pageId="21" pageNumber="74">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
|
||
Large adult specimen (MMNS 19991/RAP1110) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFD9FA60FC9EF9EFFBF8900F" box="[845,1105,1542,1566]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD9FA60FC9EF9EFFBF8900F" box="[845,1105,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="74">Desmognathus valentinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Thompson Creek, Wayne Co., Mississippi, showing typical adult coloration of “pale
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFD9FA60FD3DF9C3FCC89053" authority="sensu Valentine (1963)" authorityName="sensu Valentine" authorityYear="1963" box="[750,865,1578,1602]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD9FA60FD3DF9C3FCC89053" box="[750,865,1578,1602]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="74">auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD9FA60FCA0F9C2FC029053" box="[883,939,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="74">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFD9FA60FC61F9C3FBF69053" author="Valentine, B. D." box="[946,1119,1578,1602]" pageId="21" pageNumber="74" pagination="130 - 139" refId="ref18262" refString="Valentine, B. D. (1963) The salamander genus Desmognathus in Mississippi. Copeia, 1963, 130 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1441280" type="journal article" year="1963">Valentine (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Note overall distinctiveness in body form and coloration from
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD9FA60FE0FF9A6FDDE9077" box="[476,631,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFD9FA60FE0FF9A6FDDA9077" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[476,627,1614,1638]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="21" pageNumber="74" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">D. pascagoula</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
including muted coloration of the postocular stripe, girth of the trunk and tail, distinctiveness of all three rows of “portholes” on the trunk, and lack of distinct dorsal color pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D657CFFD9FA62FF14F951FE9C9494" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="21" pageNumber="74" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFD9FA60FF14F951FEEF91E2" blockId="21.[151,1436,1720,2035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFD9FA60FF14F951FECA90C3" bold="true" box="[199,355,1720,1746]" pageId="21" pageNumber="74">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
The species is currently known definitively from only six sites, one near the confluence of the Leaf and Chickasawhay Rivers in Green Co.,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFD9FA60FD4EF935FC8990E7" box="[669,800,1756,1782]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="21" pageNumber="74">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
; a nearby site on Sweetwater Creek, a tributary of Black Creek draining into the Pascagoula River in Perry Co.,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFD9FA60FCDFF8E9FC26910B" box="[780,911,1792,1818]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="21" pageNumber="74">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
; one at Ward Bayou WMA on Ward Bayou of the Pascagoula River in Jackson Co.,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFD9FA60FD9FF8CDFD66912F" box="[588,719,1828,1854]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="21" pageNumber="74">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
; two on a tributary of Franklin Creek within the city limits of Grand Bay, Mobile Co.,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFD9FA60FE7FF8A1FDBD9173" box="[428,532,1864,1890]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="21" pageNumber="74">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
, draining into the Escatawpa River; and one along Chickasaw Creek, a tributary of the Mobile River. Strong evidence exists for a historical population in Baldwin Co.,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFD9FA60FBAFF885FB4D9197" box="[1148,1252,1900,1926]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="21" pageNumber="74">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
, on the NE side of the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta. Additional historical and recent records of potentially conspecific individuals exist from Cumbest Bluff and other sites in Jackson Co.,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFD9FA60FCCAF85DFC3291DF" box="[793,923,1972,1998]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="21" pageNumber="74">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
, within several kilometers of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54DC8855FFD9FA60FAC2F85CFAE891DE" box="[1297,1345,1973,1999]" pageId="21" pageNumber="74">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality at Ward Bayou.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF18667FFFDAFA63FF44FCB2FD9795CE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521507" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6521507" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521507/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="75" startId="22.[151,250,859,883]" targetBox="[307,1264,260,762]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFDAFA63FF44FCB2FD9795CE" blockId="22.[151,1437,859,991]" pageId="22" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDAFA63FF44FCB2FEB79562" bold="true" box="[151,286,859,883]" pageId="22" pageNumber="75">FIGURE 21.</emphasis>
|
||
Larger specimen (MMNS 19993/RAP1112) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDAFA63FD29FCB2FC539562" box="[762,1018,859,883]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDAFA63FD29FCB2FC539562" box="[762,1018,859,883]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="75">Desmognathus valentinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from headwaters of West Creek, Harrison Co., Mississippi, beginning to showing typical adult coloration of “dark
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDAFA63FC4BFC96FBA29586" authority="sensu Valentine (1963)" authorityName="sensu Valentine" authorityYear="1963" box="[920,1035,895,919]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDAFA63FC4BFC96FBA29586" box="[920,1035,895,919]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="75">auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDAFA63FBF3FC69FBF19586" box="[1056,1112,896,919]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="75">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDAFA63FBB0FC96FAA69586" author="Valentine, B. D." box="[1123,1295,895,919]" pageId="22" pageNumber="75" pagination="130 - 139" refId="ref18262" refString="Valentine, B. D. (1963) The salamander genus Desmognathus in Mississippi. Copeia, 1963, 130 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1441280" type="journal article" year="1963">Valentine (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
more typical of southeastern Mississippi populations. Note the more uniform and darker dorsal coloration and more brightly contrasting “portholes” in all three rows on the trunk.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF18667FFFDAFA63FF4FF881FB9091FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521509" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6521509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521509/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="75" startId="22.[156,255,1896,1920]" targetBox="[278,1300,1031,1854]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFDAFA63FF4FF881FB9091FD" blockId="22.[151,1437,1896,2028]" pageId="22" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDAFA63FF4FF881FE8D9191" bold="true" box="[156,292,1896,1920]" pageId="22" pageNumber="75">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
|
||
Large specimen (MMNS 19994/RAP1113) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDAFA63FD2AF881FC519191" box="[761,1016,1896,1920]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDAFA63FD2AF881FC519191" box="[761,1016,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="75">Desmognathus valentinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from headwaters of West Creek, Harrison Co., Mississippi, showing typical adult coloration of “dark
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDAFA63FD28F865FCC791B5" authority="sensu Valentine (1963)" authorityName="sensu Valentine" authorityYear="1963" box="[763,878,1932,1956]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="22" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDAFA63FD28F865FCC791B5" box="[763,878,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="75">auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDAFA63FC51F864FC1391B5" box="[898,954,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="75">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDAFA63FC11F865FBD991B5" author="Valentine, B. D." box="[962,1136,1932,1956]" pageId="22" pageNumber="75" pagination="130 - 139" refId="ref18262" refString="Valentine, B. D. (1963) The salamander genus Desmognathus in Mississippi. Copeia, 1963, 130 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1441280" type="journal article" year="1963">Valentine (1963)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Note the uniform melanistic dorsal coloration and brightly contrasting ventrolateral “portholes” on the trunk, nearly indistinguishable postocular stripe, and strongly keeled “fin-like” or “blade-like” tail, with lateral row of “portholes” barely visible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFDBFA62FF14FF7EFDF09750" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">
|
||
Thus, confirmed sites include the
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B94E7BFFDBFA62FD95FF7EFCA696A0" box="[582,783,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">lower Pascagoula</collectingCounty>
|
||
, Escatawpa, and
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBCAC8DFFDBFA62FC02FF7EFBCE96A0" box="[977,1127,151,177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">Mobile River</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
drainages, while suspected sites enlarge this to include the Mobile-Tensaw Delta. The full geographic extent of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDBFA62FB81FF52FA2896C4" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[1106,1409,187,213]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDBFA62FB81FF52FA2896C4" box="[1106,1409,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">Desmognathus pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unknown. In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFDBFA62FEFCFF36FE0696E8" box="[303,431,223,249]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
to the west, sites from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFDBFA62FD3AFF36FCC096E8" box="[745,873,223,249]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
Coastal drainages and sites to the north from the
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFDBFA62FF44FEEAFECA970C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFDBFA62FF44FEEAFECA970C" box="[151,355,259,285]" county="lower Pascagoula" municipality="Mobile River" name="Lower Leaf River" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Mississippi">Lower Leaf River</location>
|
||
drainage represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDBFA62FD90FEEAFD7C970C" box="[579,725,259,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDBFA62FD90FEEAFD7C970C" box="[579,725,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">D. valentinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFDBFA62FD35FEEAFC9E970C" box="[742,823,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1183,1207]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,184,1147]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[151,1436,181,1159]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Results from conStruct analysis of 2,798 bi-allelic SNPs from 18 specimens. Overall layer contributions indicate K=2 significant genetic clusters, 10 Desmognathus valentinei from 6 populations, and 8 D. pascagoula from 5 populations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521475" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521475/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="135C2A72FFDBFA62FC96FEEAFCFC970C" box="[837,853,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1289,1313]" captionTargetBox="[174,1373,306,1263]" captionTargetId="figure-69@10.[151,1436,273,1266]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Results from the ML analysis of the ND2/tRNA/COI fragment for the focal clade, including Desmognathus auriculatus A–C, D. brimleyorum, D. conanti C, D. pascagoula, and D. valentinei. All available specimens are included for D. brimleyorum, D. pascagoula, and D. valentinei, but only a single exemplar for the other lineages. Dots at nodes indicate strong support (BS>70% & SHL>85%). Inset maps show all known localities for D. brimleyorum, D. conanti C, D. pascagoula, and D. valentinei verified by molecular sequence data (type locality and recent sites), along with the potential historical locality for D. pascagoula. Note that RAP1106 (in bold) is the holotype (USNM 596040)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521479" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521479/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">8</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDBFA62FCB0FEEAFB9C970C" author="Means, D. B. & Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J." box="[867,1077,259,285]" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" pagination="467 - 506" refId="ref17047" refString="Means, D. B., Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J. (2017) A new species of dusky salamander (Amphibia: Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States and a redescription of D. auriculatus. Zootaxa, 4263 (3), 467 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4263.3.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Means
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDBFA62FC65FEEAFC59970C" box="[950,1008,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFDBFA62FBBBFEEAFB79970C" box="[1128,1232,259,285]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
, the northernmost extent along the Escatawpa is unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFDBFA62FF14FEA2FE9C9494" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">
|
||
Similarly, if the Tensaw specimen (AUM 10543) is in fact
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDBFA62FC96FEA2FC449774" box="[837,1005,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDBFA62FC96FEA2FC409774" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[837,1001,331,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">D. pascagoula</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
then the species may range extensively to the north along the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBCAC8DFFDBFA62FE50FE86FE7E9798" box="[387,471,367,393]" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">Mobile</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFDBFA62FE0CFE86FDEE9798" box="[479,583,367,393]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFDBFA62FDAFFE86FC159798" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFDBFA62FDAFFE86FC159798" box="[636,956,367,393]" county="Monroe Co." municipality="Mobile" name="Tombigbee Rivers in Mobile" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Alabama">Tombigbee Rivers in Mobile</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFDBFA62FC17FE86FB8F9798" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFDBFA62FC17FE86FB8F9798" box="[964,1062,367,393]" county="Monroe Co." municipality="Mobile" name="Baldwin" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Alabama">Baldwin</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFDBFA62FBFCFE86FBD49798" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFDBFA62FBFCFE86FBD49798" box="[1071,1149,367,393]" county="Monroe Co." municipality="Mobile" name="Clarke" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Alabama">Clarke</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFDBFA62FB56FE86FAA49798" box="[1157,1293,367,393]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B94E7BFFDBFA62FA97FE86FF6897BC" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">Monroe Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
, and to the south and east in
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFDBFA62FDDEFE7AFD1C97BC" box="[525,693,403,429]" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFDBFA62FDDEFE7AFD3297BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFDBFA62FDDEFE7AFD3297BC" box="[525,667,403,429]" county="Monroe Co." municipality="Mobile" name="Baldwin Co." pageId="23" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Alabama">Baldwin Co.</location>
|
||
A
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDBFA62FCF8FE7AFC6797BC" authorityName="sensu Valentine" authorityYear="1963" box="[811,974,403,429]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDBFA62FCF8FE7AFC6797BC" box="[811,974,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">D. auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFDBFA62FBC7FE7AFA8A97BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFDBFA62FBC7FE7AFA8A97BC" box="[1044,1315,403,429]" county="Monroe Co." municipality="Mobile" name="Ferry Pass in Pensacola" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Alabama">Ferry Pass in Pensacola</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFDBFA62FAFCFE7AFF6897C0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFDBFA62FAFCFE7AFF6897C0" county="Monroe Co." municipality="Mobile" name="Escambia Co." pageId="23" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Alabama">Escambia Co.</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFDBFA62FF1FFE5EFEB497C0" box="[204,285,439,465]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDBFA62FEF8FE5EFE6B97C0" author="Bishop, S. C." box="[299,450,439,465]" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" refId="ref14427" refString="Bishop, S. C. (1943) Handbook of Salamanders. Comstock, Ithaca, New York, 555 pp." type="book" year="1943">Bishop, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) could possibly represent the easternmost extent of the species, before it was historically replaced by what is currently considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDBFA62FDB7FE32FCAF97E4" authorityName="sensu Valentine" authorityYear="1963" box="[612,774,475,501]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDBFA62FDB7FE32FCAF97E4" box="[612,774,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">D. auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
A in
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFDBFA62FC97FE32FC5A97E4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFDBFA62FC97FE32FC5A97E4" box="[836,1011,475,501]" county="Monroe Co." municipality="Mobile" name="Santa Rosa Co." pageId="23" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Alabama">Santa Rosa Co.</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFDBFA62FC2DFE32FBFB97E4" box="[1022,1106,475,501]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, east of the
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFDBFA62FB0BFE32FA3597E4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFDBFA62FB0BFE32FA3597E4" box="[1240,1436,475,501]" county="Monroe Co." municipality="Mobile" name="Blackwater River" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Alabama">Blackwater River</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDBFA62FF4CFE16FE849408" author="Means, D. B." box="[159,301,510,537]" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" pagination="253 - 263" refId="ref16825" refString="Means, D. B. (1975) Competitive exclusion along a habitat gradient between two species of salamanders (Desmognathus) in western Florida. Journal of Biogeography, 2, 253 - 263. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3037999" type="journal article" year="1975">Means 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDBFA62FEEBFE16FDAD9408" author="Means, D. B. & Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J." box="[312,516,511,537]" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" pagination="467 - 506" refId="ref17047" refString="Means, D. B., Lamb, J. Y. & Bernardo, J. (2017) A new species of dusky salamander (Amphibia: Plethodontidae: Desmognathus) from the eastern Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States and a redescription of D. auriculatus. Zootaxa, 4263 (3), 467 - 506. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4263.3.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Means
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDBFA62FE5AFE16FE689408" box="[393,449,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A hiatus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDBFA62FD46FE16FC9F9408" authorityName="sensu Valentine" authorityYear="1963" box="[661,822,511,537]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDBFA62FD46FE16FC9F9408" box="[661,822,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">D. auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has historically been recorded between the
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFDBFA62FACEFE16FA349408" box="[1309,1437,511,537]" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">Blackwater</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFDBFA62FF14FDCAFEC6942C" box="[199,367,547,573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">Perdido Rivers</collectorName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFDBFA62FE46FDCAFE4F942C" box="[405,486,547,573]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDBFA62FE26FDCAFD2D942C" author="Means, D. B." box="[501,644,547,573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref16872" refString="Means, D. B. (1999) Desmognathus auriculatus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 681, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.15781 / T 28 P 5 VF 4 F" type="journal article" year="1999">Means 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2015).
|
||
<collectorName id="26925321FFDBFA62FD0DFDCAFCAB942C" box="[734,770,547,573]" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">All</collectorName>
|
||
historical populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDBFA62FBF0FDCAFB6E942C" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[1059,1223,547,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDBFA62FBF0FDCAFB6E942C" box="[1059,1223,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
east of
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFDBFA62FAF2FDCAFA35942C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFDBFA62FAF2FDCAFA35942C" box="[1313,1436,547,573]" county="Monroe Co." municipality="Mobile" name="Grand Bay" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Alabama">Grand Bay</location>
|
||
and of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDBFA62FF36FDAEFE219470" authorityName="sensu Valentine" authorityYear="1963" box="[229,392,583,609]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDBFA62FF36FDAEFE219470" box="[229,392,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">D. auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
A west of the
|
||
<location id="8EB8602CFFDBFA62FDF8FDAEFCAD9470" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CE87E1FFC1FA62FF44FB7CFC539344:8EB8602CFFDBFA62FDF8FDAEFCAD9470" box="[555,772,583,609]" county="Monroe Co." municipality="Mobile" name="Apalachicola River" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Alabama">Apalachicola River</location>
|
||
are apparently extirpated (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDBFA62FBE2FDAEFABE9470" author="Graham, S. P. & Timpe, E. K. & Laurencio, L. R." box="[1073,1303,583,609]" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" pagination="360 - 373" refId="ref15291" refString="Graham, S. P., Timpe, E. K. & Laurencio, L. R. (2010) Status and possible decline of the Southern Dusky Salamander (Desmognathus auriculatus) in Georgia and Alabama, USA. Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 5, 360 - 373." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Graham
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDBFA62FB47FDAEFB649470" box="[1172,1229,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDBFA62FAF1FDAEFE809494" author="Means, D. B. & Travis, J." pageId="23" pageNumber="76" pagination="83 - 96" refId="ref17122" refString="Means, D. B. & Travis, J. (2007) Declines in ravine-inhabiting dusky salamanders of the southeastern US coastal plain. Southeastern Naturalist, 6, 83 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.1656 / 1528 - 7092 (2007) 6 [83: DIRDSO] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Means and Travis, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D657CFFDBFA62FF14FD67FEB695B4" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFDBFA62FF14FD67FEB695B4" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDBFA62FF14FD67FED894B9" bold="true" box="[199,369,654,680]" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">Conservation:</emphasis>
|
||
The estimated range of the species encompasses numerous state and federal protected areas of relatively intact habitat, including the USFS De Soto National Forest, USFWS Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve and Grand Bay and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDBFA62FD9BFD3EFCDE94E0" authority="Sandhill Crane" authorityName="Sandhill Crane" box="[584,887,727,753]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mississippi">Mississippi Sandhill Crane</taxonomicName>
|
||
National Wildlife Refuges, the ADCNR Forever Wild Grand Bay Savanna Tract and numerous WMA and FW tracts within the Mobile-Tensaw Delta complex, and the MDWFP Pascagoula River and Ward Bayou Wildlife Management Areas. In combination with the surface abundance of the known populations and their observed persistence over several years, we suggest that this species is likely of low conservation concern and should be assigned to the IUCN Red List categories “LC” or “NT” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDBFA62FA8DFC8EFEBA95B4" author="Maes, D. & Isaac, N. J. & Harrower, C. A. & Collen, B. & Van Strien, A. J. & Roy, D. B." pageId="23" pageNumber="76" pagination="690 - 706" refId="ref16457" refString="Maes, D., Isaac, N. J., Harrower, C. A., Collen, B., Van Strien, A. J. & Roy, D. B. (2015) The use of opportunistic data for IUCN Red List assessments. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 115 (3), 690 - 706. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / bij. 12530" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Maes
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDBFA62FF44FC62FF6695B4" box="[151,207,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37D657CFFDBFA62FF14FC46FC539344" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD836F7FFDBFA62FF14FC46FC539344" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">
|
||
We note that other swamp-dwelling populations of southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3707667FFDBFA62FC06FC46FBAE95D8" box="[981,1031,943,969]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
Coastal Plain dusky salamanders have declined drastically in recent years (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDBFA62FDA8FC3AFCA195FC" author="Dodd, C. K." box="[635,776,979,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" pagination="38 - 45" refId="ref14989" refString="Dodd, C. K. (1998) Desmognathus auriculatus at Devil's Millhopper State Geological Site, Alachua County, Florida. Florida Scientist, 61, 38 - 45." type="journal article" year="1998">Dodd, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDBFA62FCC4FC3AFBAC95FC" author="Graham, S. P. & Timpe, E. K. & Laurencio, L. R." box="[791,1029,979,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" pagination="360 - 373" refId="ref15291" refString="Graham, S. P., Timpe, E. K. & Laurencio, L. R. (2010) Status and possible decline of the Southern Dusky Salamander (Desmognathus auriculatus) in Georgia and Alabama, USA. Herpetological Conservation and Biology, 5, 360 - 373." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Graham
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDBFA62FCAFFC3AFC1E95FC" box="[892,951,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDBFA62FBC0FC3AFB5695FC" author="Hibbitts, T. J. & Wahlberg, S. A. & Voelker, G." box="[1043,1279,978,1005]" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" pagination="213 - 220" refId="ref15539" refString="Hibbitts, T. J., Wahlberg, S. A. & Voelker, G. (2015) Resolving the identity of Texas Desmognathus. Southeastern Naturalist, 14, 213 - 220. https: // doi. org / 10.1656 / 058.014.0206" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Hibbitts
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDBFA62FBABFC3AFB1A95FC" box="[1144,1203,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDBFA62FADCFC3AFF7B9200" author="Maerz, J. C. & Barrett, R. K. & Cecala, K. K. & Devore, J. L." pageId="23" pageNumber="76" pagination="771 - 784" refId="ref16537" refString="Maerz, J. C., Barrett, R. K., Cecala, K. K. & Devore, J. L. (2015) Detecting enigmatic declines of a once common salamander in the Coastal Plain of Georgia. Southeastern Naturalist, 14 (4), 771 - 784. https: // doi. org / 10.1656 / 058.014.0419" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Maerz
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDBFA62FAB2FC3AFA3495FC" box="[1377,1437,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF64B06FFDBFA62FF33FC1EFE5E9200" author="Means, D. B. & Travis, J." box="[224,503,1015,1041]" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" pagination="83 - 96" refId="ref17122" refString="Means, D. B. & Travis, J. (2007) Declines in ravine-inhabiting dusky salamanders of the southeastern US coastal plain. Southeastern Naturalist, 6, 83 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.1656 / 1528 - 7092 (2007) 6 [83: DIRDSO] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2007">Means and Travis, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDBFA62FDACFC1EFCB89200" box="[639,785,1015,1041]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valentinei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDBFA62FDACFC1EFCB89200" box="[639,785,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">D. valentinei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A3F815FFDBFA62FCEAFC1EFC0E9200" box="[825,935,1015,1041]" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
(J. Boundy,
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDBFA62FBE8FC1EFB6C9201" box="[1083,1221,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">pers. comm.</emphasis>
|
||
). Furthermore, the potential for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C674D74FFDBFA62FEFAFBF2FE649224" authorityName="Pyron & O’Connell & Lamb & Beamer" authorityYear="2022" box="[297,461,1051,1077]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Desmognathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pascagoula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B913EAE5FFDBFA62FEFAFBF2FE649224" box="[297,461,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">D. pascagoula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to inhabit deeper, difficult to access microhabitats could make it challenging to detect and monitor populations. Thus, locating additional populations of this species and monitoring their health should be an immediate priority. At the Chickasaw Creek site, the ravine tributary originates in sight of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3707667FFDBFA62FB2AFB8AFA83926C" box="[1273,1322,1123,1149]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="76">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
Interstate 65, and during our visit the upper sections were filled with trash discarded from the roadway. Yet, an abundant salamander community nevertheless persists farther downstream where the intact hydrology supports sufficient microhabitat and vegetation. The site is heavily trafficked by humans and in close proximity (<
|
||
<quantity id="4C9F9B12FFDBFA62FB13FB27FB5292FB" box="[1216,1275,1230,1258]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="76" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
) to recreation, urban development, industrial activity, and interstate runoff. Other nearby sites with altered stream dynamics lacked this species or other salamanders, suggesting that hydrological damage, rather than environmental contamination, is a key driver of declines in this and potentially other swamp-dwelling species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |