252 lines
32 KiB
XML
252 lines
32 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2331C38CBDEE00D42B55C90F4FE7A14D">Deep-sea ascidians (Chordata, Tunicata) from the SW Atlantic: species richness with descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="70ABB760C045E5D181294994F9DF7365">Maggioni, Tamara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3C40FAEBC07121C33C2B2BB59AAC601A">Taverna, Anabela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CA6651FA8CB3583D94ACDDAE6B137EBA">Reyna, Paola B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8DDBC3BC26E849EAA3692F557215866B">Alurralde, Gastón</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="608C126B40883A01FF1661DE8680D8BD">Rimondino, Clara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="797EABE93B9BF4B1E6E9409F25913D3C">Tatián, Marcos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9FBC936530BAF69C7A20C2CD9E8CCE05">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2A87EFADEDD008EEADB28A3521AA9317">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1A3FC3F87A0135417C90B64513529554">2018-11-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FB3FC511CD8C3614F76E225E21D28A0D">4526</mods:number>
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<treatment id="A0769C75756FFFB20BB6317F1696322E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5995364" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154507594" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5995364" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A0769C75756FFFB20BB6317F1696322E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A0769C75756FFFB20BB6317F1696322E" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="60C57EE8756FFFB30BB6317F10F2350C" box="[151,740,1052,1078]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="28602D63756FFFB30BB6317F10F2350C" blockId="22.[151,740,1052,1078]" box="[151,740,1052,1078]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="73289A0F756FFFB30BB6317F10F2350C" bold="true" box="[151,740,1052,1078]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="1AABF171756FFFB30BB6317F10F2350C" bold="true" box="[151,740,1052,1078]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="EFDF56E0756FFFB30BB6317F1375350C" ID-CoL="73MHT" box="[151,355,1052,1078]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigera">
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<emphasis id="1AABF171756FFFB30BB6317F1375350C" bold="true" box="[151,355,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Molgula setigera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="4C4E5092756FFFB30A4B317F10F2350C" author="Arnback-Christie-Linde, A." box="[362,740,1052,1078]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref12112" refString="Arnback-Christie-Linde, A. (1938) Ascidiacea. Part 2. Further zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition, 3 (4), 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1938">Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde, 1938</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="60C57EE8756FFFB30BB63101119B3428" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="28602D63756FFFB30BB63101101135AD" blockId="22.[151,1437,1122,1298]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="1AABF171756FFFB30BB63101131B3542" bold="true" box="[151,269,1122,1144]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">References</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="EFDF56E0756FFFB30A3B310113DF3542" ID-CoL="73MHT" box="[282,457,1122,1144]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigera">
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<emphasis id="1AABF171756FFFB30A3B310113DF3542" box="[282,457,1122,1144]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Molgula setigera</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="4C4E5092756FFFB30AEE310110E93542" author="Arnback-Christie-Linde, A." box="[463,767,1122,1144]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref12112" refString="Arnback-Christie-Linde, A. (1938) Ascidiacea. Part 2. Further zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition, 3 (4), 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1938">Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde 1938</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 7, fig. 2, pl. 1, fig. 4–8;
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<bibRefCitation id="4C4E5092756FFFB308DC3101171F3542" author="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F." box="[1021,1289,1122,1144]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref13783" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1983) Ascidies antarctiques et subantarctiques: Morphologie et Biogeographie. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 125, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot & Monniot 1983</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 102–104, fig. 21 A–C, pl. VII D (synonymy).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="28602D63756FFFB30BB631C310E0358F" blockId="22.[151,1437,1122,1298]" box="[151,758,1184,1206]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="08CF0A4D756FFFB30BB631C310E0358F" box="[151,758,1184,1206]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="EFDF56E0756FFFB30BB631C3107D358C" ID-CoL="43VF7" authority="Millar, 1960: 134" authorityName="Millar" authorityPageNumber="134" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,619,1184,1206]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="setigera" subSpecies="georgiana">
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<emphasis id="1AABF171756FFFB30BB631C313A4358C" box="[151,434,1184,1206]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Molgula setigera georgiana</emphasis>
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||
<treatmentCitation id="A97E0B72756FFFB30A9931C3107D358C" author="Millar, R. H." box="[440,619,1184,1206]" page="134" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1960">
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<bibRefCitation id="4C4E5092756FFFB30A9931C3102F358C" author="Millar, R. H." box="[440,569,1184,1206]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref13509" refString="Millar, R. H. (1960) Ascidiacea. Discovery Reports, 30, 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1960">Millar, 1960</bibRefCitation>
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: 134
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, fig. 58 A–D.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="28602D63756FFFB30BB631DD114835EE" blockId="22.[151,1437,1122,1298]" box="[151,862,1214,1236]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="08CF0A4D756FFFB30BB631DD114835EE" box="[151,862,1214,1236]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="EFDF56E0756FFFB30BB631DD106535EE" ID-CoL="43VJH" authority="Monniot & Monniot 1983: 104" authorityName="Monniot & Monniot" authorityPageNumber="104" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,627,1214,1236]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robini">
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<emphasis id="1AABF171756FFFB30BB631DD132635EE" box="[151,304,1214,1236]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Molgula robini</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="A97E0B72756FFFB30A1731DD106535EE" author="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F." box="[310,627,1214,1236]" page="104" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1983">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="4C4E5092756FFFB30A1731DD105735EE" author="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F." box="[310,577,1214,1236]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref13783" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1983) Ascidies antarctiques et subantarctiques: Morphologie et Biogeographie. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 125, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot & Monniot 1983</bibRefCitation>
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: 104
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, pl. VII F (synonymy).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="28602D63756FFFB30BB631BE10CC35C9" blockId="22.[151,1437,1122,1298]" box="[151,730,1245,1267]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="08CF0A4D756FFFB30BB631BE10CC35C9" box="[151,730,1245,1267]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="EFDF56E0756FFFB30BB631BE104235C9" ID-CoL="43VGQ" authority="Millar, 1960: 136" authorityName="Millar" authorityPageNumber="136" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,596,1245,1267]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="setigera" subSpecies="marioni">
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<emphasis id="1AABF171756FFFB30BB631BE138D35C9" box="[151,411,1245,1267]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Molgula setigera marioni</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="A97E0B72756FFFB30A8031BE104235C9" author="Millar, R. H." box="[417,596,1245,1267]" page="136" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1960">
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<bibRefCitation id="4C4E5092756FFFB30A8031BE103435C9" author="Millar, R. H." box="[417,546,1245,1267]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref13509" refString="Millar, R. H. (1960) Ascidiacea. Discovery Reports, 30, 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1960">Millar, 1960</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 136
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, fig. 58 E–G.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="28602D63756FFFB30BB6319F119B3428" blockId="22.[151,1437,1122,1298]" box="[151,909,1276,1298]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="08CF0A4D756FFFB30BB6319F119B3428" box="[151,909,1276,1298]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="EFDF56E0756FFFB30BB6319F10973428" ID-CoL="43VGQ" authority="Monniot & Monniot, 1983: 54" authorityName="Monniot & Monniot" authorityPageNumber="54" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,641,1276,1298]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marioni">
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<emphasis id="1AABF171756FFFB30BB6319F13553428" box="[151,323,1276,1298]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Molgula marioni</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A97E0B72756FFFB30A68319F10973428" author="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F." box="[329,641,1276,1298]" page="54" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" year="1983">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="4C4E5092756FFFB30A68319F104C3428" author="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F." box="[329,602,1276,1298]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref13783" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1983) Ascidies antarctiques et subantarctiques: Morphologie et Biogeographie. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 125, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot & Monniot, 1983</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 54
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, fig. 21 D–E, pl. VII D–E.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60C57EE8756FFFB30BB6305D11FE36AD" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="28602D63756FFFB30BB6305D170B3441" blockId="22.[151,1437,1342,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AABF171756FFFB30BB6305D136C346D" bold="true" box="[151,378,1342,1367]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
: Six individuals; net; -37.9951 lat. -54.6975 long. (station 7);
|
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<quantity id="EF278086756FFFB30F63305D169B346C" box="[1090,1165,1342,1367]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.52" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="852.0">852 m</quantity>
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;
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||
<date id="5C610BA3756FFFB30FBB305C1758346D" box="[1178,1358,1343,1367]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2012-08-11">11 August 2012</date>
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—Two individuals; trawl; -37.9651 lat. -54.5320 long. (station 10);
|
||
<quantity id="EF278086756FFFB3081B300011873440" box="[826,913,1379,1403]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.144" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1144.0">1144 m</quantity>
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;
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||
<date id="5C610BA3756FFFB308BD300016583441" box="[924,1102,1379,1403]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2012-08-11">11 August 2012</date>
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0E431E6756FFFB30F7C300116C33441" box="[1117,1237,1378,1403]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1200,1222]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,844,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,844,1179]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 14. Molgula setigera Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde, 1938. A: right gonad with two vas deferens (arrows); B: left gonad with tree vas deferens (arrows); C: right gonad with four vas deferens (arrows); D: left gonad with one vas deferens (arrow) and oviduct bent ventrally (*)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611389/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figures 14</figureCitation>
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||
A–D).
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="28602D63756FFFB30BE630E511FE36AD" blockId="22.[151,1437,1342,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
All specimens share the characteristic shape and aspect of the species: they are ovoid and flattened dorsoventrally. The tunic, completely covered by a dense layer of sand, presents sparsely distributed long bristle-like projections mainly confined to the area around both apertures. The bigger specimen measured
|
||
<quantity id="EF278086756FFFB30FE330AC171934DC" box="[1218,1295,1487,1511]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="cm" value="2.1">2.1 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, while the smallest one only reached
|
||
<quantity id="EF278086756FFFB309183090109D3730" box="[569,651,1523,1547]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="cm" value="0.8">0.8 cm</quantity>
|
||
. There are from 16 to 20 oral tentacles of the third order placed in a single circle. The branchial sac has seven folds on each side, bearing from seven to 11 longitudinal vessels. No longitudinal vessels are found in between the folds. Irregular stigmata form approximately six infundibula along each fold. There is one sausage-like gonad on each side, dorsal to the gut loop and kidney. The ovaries concentrate in the center while the testes are distributed on the margins. Each gonad bears one long and wide oviduct that opens almost at the base of the atrial aperture. It can bend either dorsally or ventrally. The vas deferens is thin and long and also opens near the base of the atrial aperture, running parallel to and some distance away from the oviduct. The number of vas deferens found in our samples was extremely variable (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0E431E6756FFFB308FA338D163D363D" box="[987,1067,1774,1799]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1200,1222]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,844,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,844,1179]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 14. Molgula setigera Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde, 1938. A: right gonad with two vas deferens (arrows); B: left gonad with tree vas deferens (arrows); C: right gonad with four vas deferens (arrows); D: left gonad with one vas deferens (arrow) and oviduct bent ventrally (*)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611389/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D): there were two specimens with only one vas deferens on each side; two individuals with two vas deferens on each side; one with two vas deferens on the right side but one vas deferens on the left side; one specimen with only one vas deferens on the right side but two on the left side; one with four vas deferens on the right side and only one on the left side; and one individual with four vas deferens on the right side and three on the left side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60C57EE8756FFFB20BE632C11696322E" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="28602D63756FFFB20BE632C1109130B2" blockId="22.[151,1437,1342,2015]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1436,151,789]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AABF171756FFFB30BE632C1132D3681" bold="true" box="[199,315,1954,1979]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on the descriptions made by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C4E5092756FFFB309CC32C1119F3681" author="Millar, R. H." box="[749,905,1954,1979]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref13509" refString="Millar, R. H. (1960) Ascidiacea. Discovery Reports, 30, 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1960">Millar (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the discussion by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C4E5092756FFFB30FBC32C017333681" author="Kott, P." box="[1181,1317,1954,1979]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 239" refId="ref12899" refString="Kott, P. (1969) Antarctic Ascidiacea. Antarctic Research Series, 13, 1 - 239." type="journal article" year="1969">Kott (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
about the morphotype,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C4E5092756FFFB30A1432A5109E36E5" author="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F." box="[309,648,1990,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref13783" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1983) Ascidies antarctiques et subantarctiques: Morphologie et Biogeographie. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 125, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot & Monniot (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed the existence of three different species based on the characterization of the gonads: (1)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFDF56E0756EFFB2090535FB10F33195" box="[548,741,152,176]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AABF171756EFFB2090535FB10F33195" box="[548,741,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Molgula setigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with only one sperm-duct on each side and the oviduct bent dorsally; (2)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFDF56E0756EFFB20A0635DF112931EE" authority="Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1983" authorityName="Monniot C. & Monniot F." authorityYear="1983" box="[295,831,188,213]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robini">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AABF171756EFFB20A0635DF13C631EE" box="[295,464,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Molgula robini</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C4E5092756EFFB20AF735DF112931EE" author="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F." box="[470,831,188,213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref13783" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1983) Ascidies antarctiques et subantarctiques: Morphologie et Biogeographie. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 125, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with many sperm-ducts on both sides and the oviduct bent dorsally; and (3)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFDF56E0756EFFB20AB2358310FF31C2" authority="Millar, 1960" authorityName="Millar" authorityYear="1960" box="[403,745,223,248]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marioni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AABF171756EFFB20AB23583104531CD" box="[403,595,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Molgula marioni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C4E5092756EFFB2097B35BC10FF31C2" author="Millar, R. H." box="[602,745,223,248]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref13509" refString="Millar, R. H. (1960) Ascidiacea. Discovery Reports, 30, 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1960">Millar, 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with only one sperm-duct on each side and the oviduct bent ventrally. The authors also state the correspondence of each species with a particular geographical area. However, our specimens showed a random combination of vas deferens on both sides of the body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0E431E6756EFFB20FA6344416C1307A" box="[1159,1239,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1200,1222]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,844,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,844,1179]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 14. Molgula setigera Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde, 1938. A: right gonad with two vas deferens (arrows); B: left gonad with tree vas deferens (arrows); C: right gonad with four vas deferens (arrows); D: left gonad with one vas deferens (arrow) and oviduct bent ventrally (*)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611389/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D). In sight of this new data, we propose that both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFDF56E0756EFFB20908342E10BF305E" box="[553,681,333,356]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AABF171756EFFB20908342E10BF305E" box="[553,681,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. setigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFDF56E0756EFFB209FE342E1151305E" box="[735,839,332,356]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robini">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AABF171756EFFB209FE342E1151305E" box="[735,839,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. robini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are no longer treated as separate species. Instead, we suggest them to be considered as synonyms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="28602D63756EFFB20BE634F6174D3307" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
We also found one individual with the oviducts bent ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0E431E6756EFFB208B034F711ED3096" box="[913,1019,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1200,1222]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,844,1179]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,844,1179]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 14. Molgula setigera Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde, 1938. A: right gonad with two vas deferens (arrows); B: left gonad with tree vas deferens (arrows); C: right gonad with four vas deferens (arrows); D: left gonad with one vas deferens (arrow) and oviduct bent ventrally (*)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611389/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C4E5092756EFFB20F2E34F7175F3096" author="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F." box="[1039,1353,404,429]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref13783" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1983) Ascidies antarctiques et subantarctiques: Morphologie et Biogeographie. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 125, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot & Monniot (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, on the finding of specimens with the oviducts bent ventrally in the SW Atlantic, proposed a re-colonization of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFDF56E0756EFFB20E3F34DA178A30F5" authorityName="Millar" authorityYear="1960" box="[1310,1436,440,464]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marioni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AABF171756EFFB20E3F34DA178A30F5" box="[1310,1436,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. marioni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Sub-Antarctic Region (Crozet, Kerguelen and Marion Islands) to the Magellanic area. However, our data do not support that view. As
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C4E5092756EFFB20AC9376310663322" author="Kott, P." box="[488,624,511,536]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 239" refId="ref12899" refString="Kott, P. (1969) Antarctic Ascidiacea. Antarctic Research Series, 13, 1 - 239." type="journal article" year="1969">Kott (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, we consider that the position of the oviduct does not stand as a valid character to differentiate among the mentioned species, but a result of intra-specific morphological variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="28602D63756EFFB20BE6372B167D33CA" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
We therefore propose the new synonymy:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFDF56E0756EFFB20984372B16D4335A" authority="Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1983" authorityName="Monniot C. & Monniot F." authorityYear="1983" box="[677,1218,583,608]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robini">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AABF171756EFFB20984372B1146335A" box="[677,848,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Molgula robini</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C4E5092756EFFB20876372416D4335A" author="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F." box="[855,1218,583,608]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref13783" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1983) Ascidies antarctiques et subantarctiques: Morphologie et Biogeographie. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 125, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="1AABF171756EFFB20FEB372B16CC335A" box="[1226,1242,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">=</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFDF56E0756EFFB20FF8372B133233BF" authority="Millar, 1960" authorityName="Millar" authorityYear="1960" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marioni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AABF171756EFFB20FF8372B178A3365" box="[1241,1436,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Molgula marioni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C4E5092756EFFB20BB6370F133233BF" author="Millar, R. H." box="[151,292,620,645]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref13509" refString="Millar, R. H. (1960) Ascidiacea. Discovery Reports, 30, 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1960">Millar, 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="1AABF171756EFFB20A0D370E101C33BE" box="[300,522,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFDF56E0756EFFB20A69370F101C33BE" box="[328,522,620,644]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigera">Molgula setigera</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C4E5092756EFFB20932370F117C33BE" author="Arnback-Christie-Linde, A." box="[531,874,620,645]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref12112" refString="Arnback-Christie-Linde, A. (1938) Ascidiacea. Part 2. Further zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition, 3 (4), 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1938">Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The number of sperm-ducts and direction of the oviduct can no longer be considered reliable characters to distinguish among them. The range of distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFDF56E0756EFFB20E5C37F212E733F6" class="Ascidiacea" family="Molgulidae" genus="Molgula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AABF171756EFFB20E5C37F212E733F6" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M. setigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is thus expanded, covering from off La Plata River (SW Atlantic) to the area around the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50C86DF3756EFFB20FD937D7178A33F7" box="[1272,1436,692,717]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
Islands (Southern Ocean) and the Sub-Antarctic Islands Crozet, Kerguelen and Marion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="28602D63756EFFB20BE6379F1696322E" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,789]" box="[199,1152,764,789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
This is the deepest record of the species, increasing its bathymetric register in
|
||
<specimenCount id="3ED9E6EA756EFFB20F13379F1696322E" box="[1074,1152,764,789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="EF278086756EFFB20F13379F166A322E" box="[1074,1148,764,789]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="950.0">950 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |