179 lines
21 KiB
XML
179 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="82A6C304D31451DCDC727F2BEDFEF309" ID-CLB-Dataset="27893" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4526.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4d211ac6-cbb8-4ef7-b710-44d4f34873ef" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2611359" ID-ZooBank="028FC5EA-7123-4F3A-B6C4-5EBE57ADBE23" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553697037932" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Maggioni, Tamara, Taverna, Anabela, Reyna, Paola B., Alurralde, Gastón, Rimondino, Clara & Tatián, Marcos" docDate="2018" docId="A0769C757568FFB70BB63318112E352A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4526.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4526 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cnemidocarpa drygalskii Nomen 1911" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="5C4FE40D7579FFA50B2135631216313A" masterDocTitle="Deep-sea ascidians (Chordata, Tunicata) from the SW Atlantic: species richness with descriptions of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1698714174642" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="FB57BE5F4ACA385B719ED9A154BCD965">Deep-sea ascidians (Chordata, Tunicata) from the SW Atlantic: species richness with descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FAA31BA9F6C9F7C84C5032899C30819E">Maggioni, Tamara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A0D908A6808097BEAA799912D9A6DFEB">Taverna, Anabela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C5C1333508EA4A00B3DC6F30A842F75B">Reyna, Paola B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C706E875F601836A851318DC14124FE5">Alurralde, Gastón</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D39F6CE5054275E5879E74551A2CDD7E">Rimondino, Clara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="343B0D86231F6B5496EA9B633DC6D827">Tatián, Marcos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="10A869FF877C818C725C6D99B2530500">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E2981C54981605AB248853C5E6C1FFF9">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="324077BD97294742FC5B63989A99F05C">2018-11-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="188F8BCEF7C5B01438B459529F858B85">4526</mods:number>
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<treatment id="A0769C757568FFB70BB63318112E352A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5995346" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154507603" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5995346" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A0769C757568FFB70BB63318112E352A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A0769C757568FFB70BB63318112E352A" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<subSubSection id="60C57EE87568FFB40BB6331811DF37AF" box="[151,969,1659,1685]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="28602D637568FFB40BB6331811DF37AF" blockId="17.[151,969,1659,1685]" box="[151,969,1659,1685]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<heading id="73289A0F7568FFB40BB6331811DF37AF" bold="true" box="[151,969,1659,1685]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="1AABF1717568FFB40BB6331811DF37AF" bold="true" box="[151,969,1659,1685]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="EFDF56E07568FFB40BB63318110637AF" ID-CoL="WGTK" authority="(Hartmeyer, 1911) Nomen" authorityName="Nomen" authorityYear="1911" baseAuthorityName="Hartmeyer" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[151,784,1659,1685]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="drygalskii">
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<emphasis id="1AABF1717568FFB40BB6331813D137AF" bold="true" box="[151,455,1659,1685]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cnemidocarpa drygalskii</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="4C4E50927568FFB40AF7331810BE37AF" author="Hartmeyer, R." box="[470,680,1659,1685]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="403 - 606" refId="ref12562" refString="Hartmeyer, R. (1911) Die ascidien der deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition, 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition, 12, 403 - 606." type="journal article" year="1911">Hartmeyer, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<emphasis id="1AABF1717568FFB409993318110637AF" bold="true" box="[696,784,1659,1685]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Nomen</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="1AABF1717568FFB40836331811DF37AF" bold="true" box="[791,969,1659,1685]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">conservandum</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="60C57EE87568FFB40BB633A113E6362F" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="28602D637568FFB40BB633A113E6362F" blockId="17.[151,1437,1730,1813]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="1AABF1717568FFB40BB633A1131B37E2" bold="true" box="[151,269,1730,1752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">References</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="EFDF56E07568FFB40A3B33A1106137E2" ID-CoL="5387L" authority="Herdman 1881: 69" authorityName="Herdman" authorityPageNumber="69" authorityYear="1881" box="[282,631,1730,1752]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="convexa">
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<emphasis id="1AABF1717568FFB40A3B33A113A637E2" box="[282,432,1730,1752]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Styela convexa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4C4E50927568FFB40A9733A1104737E2" author="Herdman, W. A." box="[438,593,1730,1752]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="52 - 58" refId="ref12635" refString="Herdman, W. A. (1881) Preliminary report on the Tunicata of the Challenger Expedition. Part III. Cynthidae. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 11 (3), 52 - 58." type="journal article" year="1881">Herdman 1881</bibRefCitation>
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: 69
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="EFDF56E07568FFB40BB6338310C037CC" ID-CoL="WGTK" authority="Monniot & Monniot 1983: 69" authorityName="Monniot & Monniot" authorityPageNumber="69" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,726,1760,1782]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="drygalskii">
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<emphasis id="1AABF1717568FFB40BB63383138F37CC" box="[151,409,1760,1782]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cnemidocarpa drygalskii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4C4E50927568FFB40A80338310A637CC" author="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F." box="[417,688,1760,1782]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref13783" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1983) Ascidies antarctiques et subantarctiques: Morphologie et Biogeographie. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 125, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot & Monniot 1983</bibRefCitation>
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: 69
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 13C, D (synonymy);
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<bibRefCitation id="4C4E50927568FFB408C53383170037CC" author="Sanamyan, K. E. & Sanamyan, N. P." box="[996,1302,1760,1782]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1835 - 1876" refId="ref14710" refString="Sanamyan, K. E. & Sanamyan, N. P. (1999) Some benthic Tunicata from the southern Indo-Pacific Ocean. Journal of Natural History, 33, 1835 - 1876. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 002229399299761" type="journal article" year="1999">Sanamyan & Sanamyan 1999</bibRefCitation>
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: 1850; 2002: 341;
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<bibRefCitation id="4C4E50927568FFB40BDB339C13D0362F" author="Monniot, F. & Dettai, A. & Eleaume, M. & Cruaud, C. & Ameziane N." box="[250,454,1791,1813]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref14094" refString="Monniot, F., Dettai, A., Eleaume, M., Cruaud, C. & Ameziane N. (2011) Antarctic Ascidians (Tunicata) of the French- Australian survey CEAMARC in Terre Adelie. Zootaxa, 2817, 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="2011">
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Monniot
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<emphasis id="1AABF1717568FFB40A7932631392362F" box="[344,388,1791,1813]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
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. 2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 29.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="60C57EE87568FFB70BB6322111CB3392" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="28602D637568FFB40BB63221134A3644" blockId="17.[151,1437,1858,2027]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="1AABF1717568FFB40BB63221136A3661" bold="true" box="[151,380,1858,1883]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Material examined</emphasis>
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: One individual; trawl; -38.0083 lat. -54.4178 long. (station 11);
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<quantity id="EF2780867568FFB40F58322116C23660" box="[1145,1236,1858,1882]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
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;
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<date id="5C610BA37568FFB40FC23221178A3660" box="[1251,1436,1858,1882]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2012-08-12">12 August 2012</date>
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(
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<figureCitation id="B0E431E67568FFB40BBF320613023644" box="[158,276,1893,1918]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1982,2004]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1095,1968]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1437,1095,1968]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cnemidocarpa drygalskii (Hartmeyer, 1911). A: individual; B: oral tentacles, dorsal tubercle, pre-pharyngeal band and branchial sac (part); C: detail of musculature (right side)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611383/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figures 11</figureCitation>
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A–C).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="28602D637568FFB70BE632E9102A30B2" blockId="17.[151,1437,1858,2027]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,1040]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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One individual
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<quantity id="EF2780867568FFB40A5532E913A93698" box="[372,447,1930,1954]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="cm" value="4.3">4.3 cm</quantity>
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long and
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<quantity id="EF2780867568FFB4090C32E9106F3698" box="[557,633,1930,1954]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="cm" value="2.4">2.4 cm</quantity>
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wide was found attached to a piece of coral by its posterior margin. The tunic is wrinkled and tough, covered completely by fine translucent short hairs. When alive, the tunic is bright yellow. After conservation in formalin, it becomes duller and opaque, though it retains the yellowish hue (
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<figureCitation id="B0E431E67568FFB70E4E32B112DC318A" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1982,2004]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1095,1968]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1437,1095,1968]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cnemidocarpa drygalskii (Hartmeyer, 1911). A: individual; B: oral tentacles, dorsal tubercle, pre-pharyngeal band and branchial sac (part); C: detail of musculature (right side)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611383/files/figure.png" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
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). Both apertures present thin orange rings at their outermost margins. 30 thin oral tentacles of two sizes are placed alternately in a single row (
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<figureCitation id="B0E431E6756BFFB7090835DF108731EE" box="[553,657,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1982,2004]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1095,1968]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1437,1095,1968]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cnemidocarpa drygalskii (Hartmeyer, 1911). A: individual; B: oral tentacles, dorsal tubercle, pre-pharyngeal band and branchial sac (part); C: detail of musculature (right side)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611383/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
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). A wide velum with an undulated margin covers them completely, reaching the oral aperture. A small U-shaped dorsal tubercle is placed at the bottom of a deep V formed by the prepharyngeal band. The dorsal lamina is a continuous and plain membrane with an undulated margin. The muscle fibers on the right side are thick and ramified (
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<figureCitation id="B0E431E6756BFFB7098034441110307A" box="[673,774,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1982,2004]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1095,1968]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1437,1095,1968]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cnemidocarpa drygalskii (Hartmeyer, 1911). A: individual; B: oral tentacles, dorsal tubercle, pre-pharyngeal band and branchial sac (part); C: detail of musculature (right side)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2611383/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
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). The muscle fibers on the left side are thin and distributed in longitudinal rows. There are four branchial folds on each side; the most dorsal one being the thickest. The branchial formula on the right side is:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="28602D63756BFFB70BE634F610573096" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1040]" box="[199,577,404,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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E-7-
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<emphasis id="1AABF171756BFFB70BD834F713193097" bold="true" box="[249,271,404,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">9-</emphasis>
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10-
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<emphasis id="1AABF171756BFFB70A1434F713473097" bold="true" box="[309,337,404,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">10</emphasis>
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-11-
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<date id="5C610BA3756BFFB70A5E34F7101F3096" box="[383,521,404,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2013-12-10" valueMax="2013-12-13" valueMin="2013-12-10">
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<emphasis id="1AABF171756BFFB70A5E34F7138D3097" bold="true" box="[383,411,404,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">10</emphasis>
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-13-
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<emphasis id="1AABF171756BFFB70AE834F713F33097" bold="true" box="[457,485,404,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">12</emphasis>
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-13
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</date>
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-DL.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="28602D63756BFFB70BE634D411CB3392" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">There are four elongated and simple stigmata per mesh. Fine parastigmatic vessels are also present. The stomach is elongated transversally. It presents eight folds on each side. The gut loop does not overpass the level of the endostyle. The border of the anus is simple. There is a wide cloacal velum covering completely the atrial aperture. The circumference from where the velum arises presents a series of tiny simple cloacal tentacles. There is one elongated and sinuous gonad on each side. The testis follicles lie beneath the ovaries. The vas deferens and gonoduct are long, almost reaching the base of the atrial opening. The numerous endocarps cover the half ventral side of the body and are located around the gonads and inside the gut loop.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="60C57EE8756BFFB70BE637D7112E352A" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="28602D63756BFFB70BE637D711FB3202" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
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<emphasis id="1AABF171756BFFB70BE637D7132D33F7" bold="true" box="[199,315,692,717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C4E5092756BFFB70A6037D7100233F6" author="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F." box="[321,532,692,717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="181 - 228" refId="ref13750" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1978) Recent work on the deep-sea tunicates. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An annual review, 16, 181 - 228" type="journal article" year="1978">Monniot C. (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C4E5092756BFFB7096B37D7116933F6" author="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F." box="[586,895,692,717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref13783" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1983) Ascidies antarctiques et subantarctiques: Morphologie et Biogeographie. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 125, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1983">Monniot & Monniot (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed the variability among the individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFDF56E0756BFFB70BB637BB133F33CA" authorityName="Monniot & Monniot" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,297,728,752]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Cnemidocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stolidobranchia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="drygalskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AABF171756BFFB70BB637BB133F33CA" box="[151,297,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. drygalskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The present specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50C86DF3756BFFB7095737B4110633CA" box="[630,784,727,752]" name="Argentina" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">the Argentine</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea shows intermediate features in relation to specimens described from Kerguelen, Crozet and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50C86DF3756BFFB70967379F10AD322F" box="[582,699,764,789]" name="Antarctica" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="655D18D8756BFFB709E8379F1109322F" box="[713,799,764,789]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 5. Differences among specimens of Cnemidocarpa drygalskii from four different geographic areas." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
). However, it presents additional characteristics not cited for any previous descriptions, reaffirming the high variability of the species:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="28602D63756BFFB70BE63627136D32BA" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">The musculature on the right side is thick with a ramified pattern. The musculature on the left side is thin and mainly longitudinal;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="28602D63756BFFB70BE636EF1647329F" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1040]" box="[199,1105,908,933]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">The longitudinal vessels are far less numerous, never exceeding 12 bars per fold;</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="28602D63756BFFB70BE636CC117F32FD" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1040]" box="[199,873,943,968]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">The margin of the oral velum presents a bubble-like texture.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="28602D63756BFFB70BE636B7112E352A" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">This is the first record of the species in the SW Atlantic Ocean. It is also the northernmost register outside Antarctic waters, increasing its known range of distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |