410 lines
52 KiB
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410 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832" ID-GBIF-Dataset="643aa4ce-bb60-4117-b536-5e30316ccb77" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-79-169" ID-Pensoft-UUID="374E3FB4B427519099FE9EFD5B6AE61D" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4255283" ID-ZooBank="9AF2643B484E4367845E20772317FCFF" ModsDocID="1314-2607-79-169" checkinTime="1604097820964" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Taylor, Christopher K., Barthelemy, Christophe, Chi, Roy Cheung Shun & Guenard, Benoit" docDate="2020" docId="CBF301E8DC255E40AC162699E3D9641C" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 79: 169-211" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 79" docPubDate="2020-10-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832" docTitle="Psenulus gibbus Taylor & Barthélémy & Chi & Guénard 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="D331DAB3-DF24-494C-95A7-8B5E8E003FF6" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="374E3FB4B427519099FE9EFD5B6AE61D" lastPageNumber="169" masterDocId="374E3FB4B427519099FE9EFD5B6AE61D" masterDocTitle="Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="211" masterPageNumber="169" pageNumber="169" updateTime="1678754602857" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Review of Psenulus species (Hymenoptera, Psenidae) in the Hong Kong SAR, with description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Taylor, Christopher K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China & School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia & School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Barthelemy, Christophe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8234-6237</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Sai Kung, Hong Kong, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">chb99@netvigator.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Chi, Roy Cheung Shun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Guenard, Benoit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2020-10-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>79</mods:number>
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<mods:start>169</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.79.55832</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168745865" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D331DAB3-DF24-494C-95A7-8B5E8E003FF6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CBF301E8DC255E40AC162699E3D9641C" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/D331DAB3-DF24-494C-95A7-8B5E8E003FF6" authority="Taylor & Barthélémy & Chi & Guénard, 2020" authorityName="Taylor & Barthélémy & Chi & Guénard" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Psenidae" genus="Psenulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psenulus gibbus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbus" status="sp. nov.">Psenulus gibbus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="169">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Females, lateral habitus 4 A P. carinifrons rohweri 4 B P. continentis 4 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 4 D P. gibbus sp. nov., holotype 4 E P. maculatus maculatus 4 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469584" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Figs 4D-4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Males, lateral habitus of males 5 A P. carinifrons rohweri 5 B P. continentis 5 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 5 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 5 E P. maculatus maculatus 5 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469585" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 5</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Females, head in frontal view 6 A P. carinifrons rohweri 6 B P. continentis 6 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 6 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 6 E P. maculatus maculatus 6 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469586" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Males, head in frontal view 7 A P. carinifrons rohweri 7 B P. continentis 7 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 7 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 7 E P. maculatus maculatus 7 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469587" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Females, head in dorsal view 8 A P. carinifrons rohweri 8 B P. continentis 8 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 8 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 8 E P. maculatus maculatus 8 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469588" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 8</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Males, head in dorsal view 9 A P. carinifrons rohweri 9 B P. continentis 9 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 9 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 9 E P. maculatus maculatus 9 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469589" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 9</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Females, mesosoma in dorsal view 10 A P. carinifrons rohweri 10 B P. continentis 10 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 10 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 10 E P. maculatus maculatus 10 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469590" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 10</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Males, mesosoma in dorsal view 11 A P. carinifrons rohweri 11 B P. continentis 11 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 11 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 11 E P. maculatus maculatus 11 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469591" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 11</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Females, mesopleuron 12 A P. carinifrons rohweri 12 B P. continentis 12 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 12 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 12 E P. maculatus maculatus 12 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469592" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 12</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Males, mesopleuron 13 A P. carinifrons rohweri 13 B P. continentis 13 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 13 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 13 E P. maculatus maculatus 13 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469593" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 13</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Females, propodeum in dorsal view 14 A P. carinifrons rohweri 14 B P. continentis 14 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 14 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 14 E P. maculatus maculatus 14 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469594" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 14</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Males, propodeum in dorsal view 15 A P. carinifrons rohweri 15 B P. continentis 15 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 15 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 15 E P. maculatus maculatus 15 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469595" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 15</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Females, posterior tergites in dorsal view 16 A P. carinifrons rohweri 16 B P. continentis 16 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 16 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 16 E P. maculatus maculatus 16 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469596" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 16</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Males, posterior tergites in dorsal view 17 A P. carinifrons rohweri 17 B P. continentis 17 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 17 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 17 E P. maculatus maculatus 17 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype. paratype 17 F P. gibbus sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469597" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 17D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Females, dorsobasal view of hind tibiae and hind wings. 18 A, 18 B Psenulus carinifrons rohweri; 18 C, 18 D P. continentis 18 E, 18 F P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 18 G, 18 H P. gibbus sp. nov., holotype 18 I, 18 J P. maculatus maculatus 18 K, 18 L P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469598" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 18G, H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Males, dorsobasal view of hind tibiae and hind wings 19 A, 19 B Psenulus carinifrons rohweri 19 C, 19 D P. continentis 19 E, 19 F P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 19 G, 19 H P. gibbus sp. nov., holotype 19 I, 19 J P. maculatus maculatus 19 K, 19 L P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469599" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 19G, H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Females, frontal view of clypeus 20 A P. carinifrons rohweri 20 B P. continentis 20 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 20 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 20 E P. maculatus maculatus 20 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469600" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 20D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Males, frontal view of clypeus 21 A P. carinifrons rohweri 21 B P. continentis 21 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 21 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 21 E P. maculatus maculatus 21 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469601" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">, 21D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
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Based on a dorsally broadened interantennal carina (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Females, head in frontal view 6 A P. carinifrons rohweri 6 B P. continentis 6 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 6 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 6 E P. maculatus maculatus 6 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469586" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">6D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Males, head in frontal view 7 A P. carinifrons rohweri 7 B P. continentis 7 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 7 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 7 E P. maculatus maculatus 7 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469587" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">7D</figureCitation>
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), bidentate clypeus (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Females, frontal view of clypeus 20 A P. carinifrons rohweri 20 B P. continentis 20 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 20 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 20 E P. maculatus maculatus 20 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469600" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">20D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Males, frontal view of clypeus 21 A P. carinifrons rohweri 21 B P. continentis 21 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 21 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 21 E P. maculatus maculatus 21 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469601" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">21D</figureCitation>
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), short prescutal sutures (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Females, mesosoma in dorsal view 10 A P. carinifrons rohweri 10 B P. continentis 10 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 10 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 10 E P. maculatus maculatus 10 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469590" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">10D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Males, mesosoma in dorsal view 11 A P. carinifrons rohweri 11 B P. continentis 11 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 11 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 11 E P. maculatus maculatus 11 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469591" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">11D</figureCitation>
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), hind tibia lacking basal spines (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Females, dorsobasal view of hind tibiae and hind wings. 18 A, 18 B Psenulus carinifrons rohweri; 18 C, 18 D P. continentis 18 E, 18 F P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 18 G, 18 H P. gibbus sp. nov., holotype 18 I, 18 J P. maculatus maculatus 18 K, 18 L P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469598" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">18G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Males, dorsobasal view of hind tibiae and hind wings 19 A, 19 B Psenulus carinifrons rohweri 19 C, 19 D P. continentis 19 E, 19 F P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 19 G, 19 H P. gibbus sp. nov., holotype 19 I, 19 J P. maculatus maculatus 19 K, 19 L P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469599" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">19G</figureCitation>
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), and a well-defined pygidial plate, this species may be placed in the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. quadridentatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadridentatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. quadridentatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group of van
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<bibRefCitation author="Lith, JP van" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 117" refId="B15" refString="Lith, JP van, 1962. Contribution to the knowledge of the Indo-Australian Pseninae (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Part II. Psenulus Kohl, 1896. Zoologische Verhandelingen 52: 1 - 117" title="Contribution to the knowledge of the Indo-Australian Pseninae (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Part II. Psenulus Kohl, 1896." volume="52" year="1962">Lith (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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. The specimen resembles
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<taxonomicName authorityName="van Lith" authorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Psenidae" genus="Psenulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psenulus compactus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compactus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Psenulus compactus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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van Lith, 1962 (from Sumatra) but differs in the broadened excavation of the interantennal carina being less extensive (not extending below the antennal sockets), the subantennal carina being absent, and the mesosoma being less densely punctate.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Taylor & Barthélémy & Chi & Guénard" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Psenidae" genus="Psenulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psenulus gibbus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Psenulus gibbus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., superficially resembles
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. ephippius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephippius">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. ephippius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. but is readily differentiated by the yellow legs (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Females, lateral habitus 4 A P. carinifrons rohweri 4 B P. continentis 4 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 4 D P. gibbus sp. nov., holotype 4 E P. maculatus maculatus 4 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469584" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">4D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Males, lateral habitus of males 5 A P. carinifrons rohweri 5 B P. continentis 5 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 5 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 5 E P. maculatus maculatus 5 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469585" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">5D</figureCitation>
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) and the reticulate dorsal surface of the propodeum (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Females, propodeum in dorsal view 14 A P. carinifrons rohweri 14 B P. continentis 14 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 14 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 14 E P. maculatus maculatus 14 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469594" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">14D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Males, propodeum in dorsal view 15 A P. carinifrons rohweri 15 B P. continentis 15 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 15 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 15 E P. maculatus maculatus 15 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469595" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">15D</figureCitation>
|
||
) in the former and dark/brown legs (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Females, lateral habitus 4 A P. carinifrons rohweri 4 B P. continentis 4 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 4 D P. gibbus sp. nov., holotype 4 E P. maculatus maculatus 4 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469584" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Males, lateral habitus of males 5 A P. carinifrons rohweri 5 B P. continentis 5 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 5 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 5 E P. maculatus maculatus 5 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469585" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and polished dorsal surface of the propodeum (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Females, propodeum in dorsal view 14 A P. carinifrons rohweri 14 B P. continentis 14 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 14 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 14 E P. maculatus maculatus 14 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469594" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">14C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Males, propodeum in dorsal view 15 A P. carinifrons rohweri 15 B P. continentis 15 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 15 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 15 E P. maculatus maculatus 15 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469595" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">15C</figureCitation>
|
||
) in the latter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="4255297" doi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469595" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Figure 15.</emphasis>
|
||
Males, propodeum in dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">15A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. carinifrons subsp. rohweri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="carinifrons" subSpecies="rohweri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. carinifrons rohweri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">15B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. continentis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="continentis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. continentis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">15C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. ephippius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephippius">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. ephippius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., paratype
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">15D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. gibbus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. gibbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.; paratype
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">15E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="maculatus" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. maculatus subsp. maculatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maculatus" subSpecies="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. maculatus maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">15F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. pallens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., paratype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-03-23" collectingDateMax="2018-04-06" collectingDateMin="2018-03-23" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectorName="C. Barthelemy" country="China" elevation="60" latitude="22.368334" location="Mang Kung Wo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="114.253334" specimenCount="♀" typeStatus="Holotype">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CBF301E8DC255E40AC162699E3D9641C:192FEC983F338D7B8D074E631EDBBA2D" country="China" latitude="22.368334" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="114.253334" name="Mang Kung Wo">Mang Kung Wo</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="06" value="22.368334">22°22'06"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="114" direction="east" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="114.253334">114°15'12"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="60.0">
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2018-03-23" valueMax="2018-04-06" valueMin="2018-03-23">23 Mar.-06 Apr. 2018</collectingDate>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
C.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Barthélémy">Barthelemy</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectingMethod>Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
, ref.: M405CHy4; CAS
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-04-11" collectingDateMax="2020-04-25" collectingDateMin="2020-04-11" collectorName="C. Barthelemy" country="China" elevation="60" latitude="22.368334" location="China" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="114.253334" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Paratypes">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
; ibid.;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2020-04-11" valueMax="2020-04-25" valueMin="2020-04-11">11-25 Apr. 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
; ibid; ref.: M483CHy2; CBC
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-04-25" collectingDateMax="2020-05-09" collectingDateMin="2020-04-25" collectorName="C. Barthelemy" country="Hong Kong" elevation="60" latitude="22.368334" location="Mang Kung Wo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="114.253334" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
; ibid.;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2020-04-25">25 Apr. 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
-
|
||
<collectingDate value="2020-05-09">09 May 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
; ibid; ref.: M485CHy5
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-03-09" collectingDateMax="2020-05-09" collectingDateMin="2020-04-25" collectingMethod="hand net" collectorName="C. Barthelemy" country="Hong Kong" elevation="60" latitude="22.368334" location="Mang Kung Wo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="114.253334" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="4" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; ibid.;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2020-03-09">09 Mar. 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
; same collector;
|
||
<collectingMethod>hand net</collectingMethod>
|
||
, refs: 0708AHy1, 0708AHy2A, 2B and 2C; CAS and CBC
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-03-10" collectingDateMax="2020-05-09" collectingDateMin="2020-04-25" collectorName="C. Barthelemy" country="Hong Kong" elevation="60" latitude="22.368334" location="Mang Kung Wo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="114.253334" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
; ibid.;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2020-03-10">10 Mar. 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
; ibid.; ref.: 0709AHy1; CBC
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-03-13" collectingDateMax="2020-05-09" collectingDateMin="2020-04-25" collectorName="C. Barthelemy" country="Hong Kong" elevation="60" latitude="22.368334" location="Mang Kung Wo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="114.253334" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
; ibid.;
|
||
<collectingDate value="2020-03-13">13 Mar. 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
; ibid..; refs: 0710AHy1 and 0710AHy2; CBC
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="standard ratios">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Standard ratios.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 4): L = 5.9-6.9 mm (mean = 6.3 mm); CR = 1.24-1.27 (mean = 1.26); OOR = 0.48-0.76 (mean = 0.64); FLR = 1.08-1.19 (mean = 1.14); FRR = 0.66-0.74 (mean = 0.71); MR = 1.41-1.59 (mean = 1.50); OMR = 0.82-0.92 (mean = 0.88); PR = 0.35-0.62 (mean = 0.49); PFR = 1.15-1.30 (mean = 1.20). Female (n = 6): L = 6.8-8.4 mm (mean = 7.55 mm); CR = 1.32-1.4 (mean = 1.36); OOR = 0.62-0.75 (mean = 0.67); FLR = 1.28-1.57 (mean = 1.44); FRR = 0.65-0.79 (mean = 0.73); MR = 1.30-1.64 (mean = 1.44); OMR = 0.82-0.93 (mean = 0.86); PR = 0.4-0.88 (mean = 0.66); PFR = 1.13-1.28 (mean = 1.18).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Male</emphasis>
|
||
: Antenna with tyloids on F1 to F11. Ventral margin of clypeus with two rounded teeth separated by a rounded emargination (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Males, frontal view of clypeus 21 A P. carinifrons rohweri 21 B P. continentis 21 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 21 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 21 E P. maculatus maculatus 21 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469601" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">21D</figureCitation>
|
||
), remainder of the ventral margin straight for half of width, terminated on last third with a rounded lobe intersecting eye margin; dorsal margin concave on the central third of transverse width of clypeus, remainder reaching ventral margin along a shallow convex line. Subantennal carina well developed nearly reaching toruli (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Males, head in frontal view 7 A P. carinifrons rohweri 7 B P. continentis 7 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 7 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 7 E P. maculatus maculatus 7 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469587" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">7D</figureCitation>
|
||
); interantennal carina dorsally moderately broadened and slightly excavated on its basal part only (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Males, head in dorsal view 9 A P. carinifrons rohweri 9 B P. continentis 9 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 9 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 9 E P. maculatus maculatus 9 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469589" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">9D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesosoma with very small largely interspaced punctures bearing numerous long and fine appressed setae; mesoscutum with the same texture (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Males, mesosoma in dorsal view 11 A P. carinifrons rohweri 11 B P. continentis 11 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 11 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 11 E P. maculatus maculatus 11 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469591" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">11D</figureCitation>
|
||
); prescutal sutures extending beyond anterior level of tegula; episternal sulcus broadly foveolate (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Males, mesopleuron 13 A P. carinifrons rohweri 13 B P. continentis 13 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 13 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 13 E P. maculatus maculatus 13 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469593" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">13D</figureCitation>
|
||
), mesopleural suture simple; propodeal enclosure well defined with large fovea (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Males, propodeum in dorsal view 15 A P. carinifrons rohweri 15 B P. continentis 15 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 15 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 15 E P. maculatus maculatus 15 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469595" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">15D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Propodeum laterally and posteriorly weakly reticulate with long appressed setae, dorsal half polished with very small and largely interspaced punctures (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Males, propodeum in dorsal view 15 A P. carinifrons rohweri 15 B P. continentis 15 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 15 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 15 E P. maculatus maculatus 15 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469595" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">15D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Petiole subcylindrical, T1 low (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Males, lateral habitus of males 5 A P. carinifrons rohweri 5 B P. continentis 5 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 5 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 5 E P. maculatus maculatus 5 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469585" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hind tibia without denticles dorsobasally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Males, dorsobasal view of hind tibiae and hind wings 19 A, 19 B Psenulus carinifrons rohweri 19 C, 19 D P. continentis 19 E, 19 F P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 19 G, 19 H P. gibbus sp. nov., holotype 19 I, 19 J P. maculatus maculatus 19 K, 19 L P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469599" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">19G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pygidial plate simple (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Males, posterior tergites in dorsal view 17 A P. carinifrons rohweri 17 B P. continentis 17 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 17 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 17 E P. maculatus maculatus 17 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype. paratype 17 F P. gibbus sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469597" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">17D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fore wing (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Males, dorsobasal view of hind tibiae and hind wings 19 A, 19 B Psenulus carinifrons rohweri 19 C, 19 D P. continentis 19 E, 19 F P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 19 G, 19 H P. gibbus sp. nov., holotype 19 I, 19 J P. maculatus maculatus 19 K, 19 L P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469599" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">19H</figureCitation>
|
||
) with first recurrent vein more or less interstitial with first and second submarginal cells, second recurrent vein meeting third submarginal cell at about 1/5 (0.18
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
) of cell length from base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
|
||
Head entirely black with appressed silvery pubescence (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Males, head in frontal view 7 A P. carinifrons rohweri 7 B P. continentis 7 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 7 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 7 E P. maculatus maculatus 7 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469587" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">7D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Males, head in dorsal view 9 A P. carinifrons rohweri 9 B P. continentis 9 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 9 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 9 E P. maculatus maculatus 9 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469589" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">9D</figureCitation>
|
||
); antenna with scape mostly yellow, venter of pedicel and venter of flagellum of a lighter brown, dorsum of pedicel and remainder of flagellum dark brown; mandible black on the apical third, the remainder yellow. Mesosoma entirely black (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Males, head in frontal view 7 A P. carinifrons rohweri 7 B P. continentis 7 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 7 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 7 E P. maculatus maculatus 7 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469587" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">7D</figureCitation>
|
||
) but pronotal lobe and tegulae dark yellow/red. Trochanter, femurs, tibiae and tarsus yellow/orange, coxae black. Petiole black, remainder of metasoma mostly reddish but T2-T5 and S3-S7 with large dark brown/black areas (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Males, head in frontal view 7 A P. carinifrons rohweri 7 B P. continentis 7 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 7 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 7 E P. maculatus maculatus 7 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469587" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">7D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Female</emphasis>
|
||
: Ventral margin of clypeus with two relatively sharp teeth separated by a sub-triangular emargination (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Females, frontal view of clypeus 20 A P. carinifrons rohweri 20 B P. continentis 20 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 20 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 20 E P. maculatus maculatus 20 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469600" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">20D</figureCitation>
|
||
), remainder of the ventral margin straight for half of width, terminated on last third with a blunt lobe intersecting eye margin; dorsal margin flattened for central third of transverse width of clypeus, remainder reaching ventral margin along a shallow convex line. Subantennal carina absent (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Females, head in frontal view 6 A P. carinifrons rohweri 6 B P. continentis 6 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 6 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 6 E P. maculatus maculatus 6 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469586" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
); interantennal carina dorsally broadened and deeply excavated (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Females, head in dorsal view 8 A P. carinifrons rohweri 8 B P. continentis 8 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 8 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 8 E P. maculatus maculatus 8 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469588" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">8D</figureCitation>
|
||
); Mesosoma with very small largely interspaced punctures bearing numerous long and fine appressed setae; mesoscutum with the same texture (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Males, mesosoma in dorsal view 11 A P. carinifrons rohweri 11 B P. continentis 11 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 11 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 11 E P. maculatus maculatus 11 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469591" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">11D</figureCitation>
|
||
); prescutal sutures short, not extending beyond anterior level of tegula (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Females, mesosoma in dorsal view 10 A P. carinifrons rohweri 10 B P. continentis 10 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 10 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 10 E P. maculatus maculatus 10 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469590" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">10D</figureCitation>
|
||
) episternal sulcus broadly foveolate (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Males, mesopleuron 13 A P. carinifrons rohweri 13 B P. continentis 13 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 13 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 13 E P. maculatus maculatus 13 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469593" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">13D</figureCitation>
|
||
), mesopleural suture simple; propodeal enclosure well defined with large fovea (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Males, propodeum in dorsal view 15 A P. carinifrons rohweri 15 B P. continentis 15 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 15 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 15 E P. maculatus maculatus 15 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469595" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">15D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Propodeum laterally and posteriorly weakly reticulate with long appressed setae, dorsal half polished with very small and largely interspaced punctures (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Males, propodeum in dorsal view 15 A P. carinifrons rohweri 15 B P. continentis 15 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 15 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 15 E P. maculatus maculatus 15 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469595" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">15D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hind tibia with a cluster of 7-9 short brown denticles dorsobasally, but no spines (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Females, dorsobasal view of hind tibiae and hind wings. 18 A, 18 B Psenulus carinifrons rohweri; 18 C, 18 D P. continentis 18 E, 18 F P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 18 G, 18 H P. gibbus sp. nov., holotype 18 I, 18 J P. maculatus maculatus 18 K, 18 L P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469598" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">18G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Petiole subcylindrical, T1 low (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Males, lateral habitus of males 5 A P. carinifrons rohweri 5 B P. continentis 5 C P. ephippius sp. nov., paratype 5 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; paratype 5 E P. maculatus maculatus 5 F P. pallens sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469585" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pygidial plate with faint ventrolateral carinae extended basally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Females, posterior tergites in dorsal view 16 A P. carinifrons rohweri 16 B P. continentis 16 C P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 16 D P. gibbus sp. nov.; holotype 16 E P. maculatus maculatus 16 F P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469596" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">16D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fore wing (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Females, dorsobasal view of hind tibiae and hind wings. 18 A, 18 B Psenulus carinifrons rohweri; 18 C, 18 D P. continentis 18 E, 18 F P. ephippius sp. nov., holotype 18 G, 18 H P. gibbus sp. nov., holotype 18 I, 18 J P. maculatus maculatus 18 K, 18 L P. pallens sp. nov., holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469598" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">18H</figureCitation>
|
||
) with second recurrent vein meeting third submarginal cell at about 1/5 (0.22
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
) of cell length from base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="4255299" doi="10.3897/jhr.79.55832.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/469596" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Figure 16.</emphasis>
|
||
Females, posterior tergites in dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">16A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. carinifrons subsp. rohweri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="carinifrons" subSpecies="rohweri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. carinifrons rohweri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">16B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. continentis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="continentis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. continentis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">16C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. ephippius" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ephippius">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. ephippius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., holotype
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">16D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. gibbus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. gibbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.; holotype
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">16E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="maculatus" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. maculatus subsp. maculatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="maculatus" subSpecies="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. maculatus maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">16F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. pallens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">P. pallens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., holotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
|
||
Specific name derived from the prominent hump [=
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Taylor & Barthélémy & Chi & Guénard" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Psenidae" genus="Psenulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psenulus gibbus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Psenulus gibbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Latin] formed by the interantennal ridge, extending below the antennal sockets and ending at middle of toruli.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="169" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
|
||
By its marked differences with the other known
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kohl" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Psenidae" genus="Psenulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psenulus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Psenulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of similar coloration as detailed in the diagnosis section, we have concluded that this is in fact a new species to science.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="169">
|
||
The first collection of this species occurred in 2019 and thus far the distribution of this species is limited to a single location in Mang Kung Wo, which is the sampled site with the highest anthropogenic disturbance. In March 2020 a series of seven specimens (four males and three females) were collected by hand net. Nonetheless, this species is one of the least common
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kohl" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Psenidae" genus="Psenulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psenulus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="169">Psenulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
encountered in Hong Kong. With the limitations presented above, knowledge about its activity period is limited to March (W11-W13) and April (W15-W17).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |