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<document id="BC107C683BE247B041E667914BFC9911" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1837.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5127540" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1627042203922" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Mader, Bryn J." docDate="2008" docId="03EB87C9FFB2DA72EAFEFBFFFF076DC9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01837p085.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1837 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1837.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Metatelmatherium ultimum" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="FFD2FFB1FFFDDA23EA69FFD5FFEB6F73" masterDocTitle="A species level revision of Bridgerian and Uintan brontotheres (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) exclusive of Palaeosyops" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="80" updateTime="1699015358681" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="7FFE8A49F84424C71BC36923C6958E61">A species level revision of Bridgerian and Uintan brontotheres (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) exclusive of Palaeosyops</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6E1B4928ABC52215EAA9F2C06077E870">Mader, Bryn J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="89040B7A895F30F48FA6160A9C967DBC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9A9F648A234357C0849A51268161DED1">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4B936568B33ED4A28394F6FDB0CD3DB8">2008-07-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C14EE2186FC332BF3A41CC2CC3BBAE37">1837</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="9813189389F02A615477C75B3E167FEF">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="892951627A0A86BC133A94BC826AE37E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1837.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2A80A8F33CB0BA1845150EB441BF3ED0" type="ISSN">1175­5334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EB87C9FFB2DA72EAFEFBFFFF076DC9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EB87C9FFB2DA72EAFEFBFFFF076DC9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87C9FFB2DA72EAFEFBFFFF076DC9" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<subSubSection id="C3586554FFB2DA6CEAFEFBFFFC8F6B37" box="[151,868,1066,1092]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFD36DFFFB2DA6CEAFEFBFFFC8F6B37" blockId="79.[151,868,1066,1092]" box="[151,868,1066,1092]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<heading id="D0B581B3FFB2DA6CEAFEFBFFFC8F6B37" bold="true" box="[151,868,1066,1092]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CEAFEFBFFFC8F6B37" bold="true" box="[151,868,1066,1092]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
Species
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFB2DA6CEA90FBFFFC8F6B37" authority="(Osborn 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[249,868,1066,1092]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Metatelmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ultimum">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CEA90FBFFFD426B37" bold="true" box="[249,681,1066,1092]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">METATELMATHERIUM ultimum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B2EFFB2DA6CE8D1FBFFFCB76B37" author="Osborn, H. F." box="[696,860,1066,1092]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="599 - 617" refId="ref45415" refString="Osborn, H. F. (1908) New or little known titanotheres from the Eocene and Oligocene. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 24 (32), 599 - 617." type="journal article" year="1908">Osborn 1908</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3586554FFB2DA6CEAFEFBA0FE0C6BFF" box="[151,487,1141,1164]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BFD36DFFFB2DA6CEAFEFBA0FE0C6BFF" blockId="79.[151,487,1141,1164]" box="[151,487,1141,1164]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
=
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFB2DA6CEAC5FBA0FE0C6BFF" authority="(Douglass 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Douglass" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[172,487,1141,1164]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Manteoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uintensis">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CEAC5FBA0FF296BFF" box="[172,194,1141,1164]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CEAB9FBA0FEC46BFF" box="[208,303,1141,1164]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">uintensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B2EFFB2DA6CEB54FBA0FE356BFF" author="Douglass, E." box="[317,478,1141,1164]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="304 - 313" refId="ref43972" refString="Douglass, E. (1909) Preliminary descriptions of some new titanotheres from the Uinta deposits. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 6 (2), 304 - 313." type="journal article" year="1909">Douglass 1909</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3586554FFB2DA6CEAFEFB68FB606A54" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BFD36DFFFB2DA6CEAFEFB68FD296BA4" blockId="79.[151,1436,1213,1959]" box="[151,706,1213,1239]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3C82FFB2DA6CEAFEFB68FD296BA4" box="[151,706,1213,1239]" collectionCode="AMNH" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" specimenCode="AMNH 2060" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CEAFEFB68FEFB6BA4" bold="true" box="[151,272,1213,1239]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<typeStatus id="54F9887DFFB2DA6CEAFEFB68FEE06BA4" box="[151,267,1213,1239]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DBE49EA4FFB2DA6CEB7EFB68FE5D6BA4" box="[279,438,1213,1239]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">AMNH 2060</specimenCode>
, a skull and lower jaw.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD36DFFFB2DA6CEAAEFB30FB606A54" blockId="79.[151,1436,1213,1959]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CEAAEFB30FE236B8C" bold="true" box="[199,456,1253,1279]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Referred specimens.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED53AE1AFFB2DA6CEBBDFB30FDC66B8C" box="[468,557,1253,1279]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">AMNH</collectionCode>
2004,
<collectionCode id="ED53AE1AFFB2DA6CE8EEFB30FD5F6B8C" box="[647,692,1253,1279]" country="China" name="Chongqing Museum" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">CM</collectionCode>
2339,
<collectionCode id="ED53AE1AFFB2DA6CE964FB30FCD06B8C" box="[781,827,1253,1279]" country="China" name="Chongqing Museum" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">CM</collectionCode>
2388 (
<typeStatus id="54F9887DFFB2DA6CE9FCFB30FC166B8C" box="[917,1021,1253,1279]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of &quot;
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFB2DA6CEE50FB30FB396B8D" authorityName="Hatcher" authorityYear="1895" box="[1081,1234,1253,1278]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Manteoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CEE50FB30FB396B8D" box="[1081,1234,1253,1278]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Manteoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFB2DA6CEE80FB30FABA6B8D" baseAuthorityName="Douglass" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1257,1361,1253,1278]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Manteoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uintensis">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CEE80FB30FABA6B8D" box="[1257,1361,1253,1278]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">uintensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<collectionCode id="ED53AE1AFFB2DA6CEF07FB30FA706B8C" box="[1390,1435,1253,1279]" country="China" name="Chongqing Museum" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">CM</collectionCode>
11380.
<collectionCode id="ED53AE1AFFB2DA6CEA87FAD8FEA36A54" box="[238,328,1293,1319]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">AMNH</collectionCode>
2029, a badly crushed skull also appears to be referable to this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3586554FFB2DA6CEAAEFAE0FB146AEC" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFD36DFFFB2DA6CEAAEFAE0FB146AEC" blockId="79.[151,1436,1213,1959]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CEAAEFAE0FEAC6A3C" bold="true" box="[199,327,1333,1359]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Species of
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFB2DA6CEBBCFAE0FD456A3D" authorityName="Granger and Gregory" authorityYear="1938" box="[469,686,1333,1358]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Metatelmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CEBBCFAE0FD456A3D" box="[469,686,1333,1358]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Metatelmatherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distinguished from the
<typeStatus id="54F9887DFFB2DA6CE9A4FAE0FC146A3C" box="[973,1023,1333,1359]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">type</typeStatus>
species by the shorter mandibular symphysis and possibly by a relatively short and less wide posterior cusp on P1, relatively small P2, relatively thick cingulum on P3 and P4, relatively narrow occiput, and relatively narrow coronoid process.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3586554FFB2DA72EAAEFA78FF076DC9" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFD36DFFFB2DA6CEAAEFA78FEE76914" blockId="79.[151,1436,1213,1959]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CEAAEFA78FEB96AB4" bold="true" box="[199,338,1453,1479]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Discussion.</emphasis>
As noted in the preceding discussion for the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFB2DA6CE9D0FA78FB1C6AB4" authority=", Osborn" authorityName="Osborn" box="[953,1271,1453,1479]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Metatelmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CE9D0FA78FB7A6AB5" box="[953,1169,1453,1478]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Metatelmatherium</emphasis>
, Osborn
</taxonomicName>
described the
<typeStatus id="54F9887DFFB2DA6CEAFEFA00FF156A9C" box="[151,254,1493,1519]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
skull (
<figureCitation id="13792A5AFFB2DA6CEB27FA00FE4E6A9C" box="[334,421,1493,1519]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="74.[151,255,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[289,1286,202,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-56@74.[272,1314,194,1936]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 26. Holotype skull of Metatelmatherium ultimum (AMNH 2060) in A, anterior; B, ventral; C, dorsal; and D, lateral views. A, B, and C after Osborn, 1929; D after Osborn, 1908 and 1929." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127600" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127600/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
) and lower jaw of
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFB2DA6CE8EDFA00FC296A9C" authority="(AMNH 2060)" baseAuthorityName="AMNH" baseAuthorityYear="2060" box="[644,962,1493,1519]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Metatelmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ultimum">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CE8EDFA00FD776A9D" box="[644,668,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CE8C2FA00FCE06A9D" box="[683,779,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">ultimum</emphasis>
(AMNH 2060)
</taxonomicName>
in 1908 and recognized it as a new species of
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFB2DA6CEA99FA28FE796965" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1872" box="[240,402,1533,1558]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Telmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CEA99FA28FE796965" box="[240,402,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Telmatherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. After examining this specimen, however,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B2EFFB2DA6CE9FEFA28FB066964" author="Granger, W. &amp; Gregory, W. K." box="[919,1261,1533,1559]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="435 - 436" refId="ref44190" refString="Granger, W. &amp; Gregory, W. K. (1938) Addendum. A new titanothere genus from the upper Eocene of Mongolia and North America. In: Colbert, E. H., Fossil mammals from Burma in the American Museum of Natural History. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 74 (6), 435 - 436." type="journal article" year="1938">Granger and Gregory (1938)</bibRefCitation>
correctly concluded that
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFB2DA6CEB43F9F0FD71694C" authority="Osborn" authorityName="Osborn" box="[298,666,1573,1599]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Telmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ultimum">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CEB43F9F0FDD3694D" box="[298,568,1573,1598]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Telmatherium ultimum</emphasis>
Osborn
</taxonomicName>
was congeneric with the Asian brontothere
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFB2DA6CEEADF9F0FEED6915" authorityName="Granger and Gregory" authorityYear="1938" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Metatelmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatum">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CEEADF9F0FEED6915" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Metatelmatherium cristatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD36DFFFB2DA6CEAAEF9A0FF3E68D4" blockId="79.[151,1436,1213,1959]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
In 1909 Douglass described the front part of a skull (CM 2388) from the Uinta Basin of
<collectingRegion id="4986F83DFFB2DA6CEE8EF9A0FAC869FC" box="[1255,1315,1653,1679]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Utah</collectingRegion>
, which he identified as a new species of
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFB2DA6CE861F948FD4A69C5" authorityName="Hatcher" authorityYear="1895" box="[520,673,1693,1718]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Manteoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CE861F948FD4A69C5" box="[520,673,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Manteoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFB2DA6CE8DBF948FCAF69C5" baseAuthorityName="Douglass" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[690,836,1693,1719]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Manteoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uintensis">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CE8DBF948FD2169C5" box="[690,714,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CE8B5F948FCAF69C5" box="[732,836,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">uintensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13792A5AFFB2DA6CE93EF948FC2269C4" box="[855,969,1693,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="80.[151,255,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[316,1273,204,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-67@80.[302,1291,194,1905]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 30. Comparison between the holotype skull of Manteoceras uintensis (CM 2388) and a skull of Metatelmatherium ultimum. A1, holotype skull of Manteoceras uintensis in ventral view; A2, the same in lateral view; B, skull of Metatelmatherium ultimum (AMNH 2004, reversed). All figures after Osborn, 1929." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127608/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 30A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13792A5AFFB2DA6CE9A1F948FC3969C4" box="[968,978,1693,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1538,1562]" captionTargetBox="[175,1430,754,1520]" captionTargetId="figure-342@6.[151,1436,748,1525]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Scatter plots showing length of M2 plotted against width of M2 for five brontothere genera. The solid diagonal line that crosses both graphs represents the points at which the length and width of the tooth are equal. Specimens that plot out above the line have teeth that are wider than long, while specimens that plot out below the line have teeth that are longer than wide. Specimens that plot out directly on the line have teeth in which the length is equal to the width and are thus square in shape. Black symbols, subfamily Dolichorhininae; white symbols, other brontothere genera (Palaeosyops and Telmatherium)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127542/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">1</figureCitation>
and A
<figureCitation id="13792A5AFFB2DA6CEE40F948FBD269C4" box="[1065,1081,1693,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1959,1983]" captionTargetBox="[293,1280,200,1934]" captionTargetId="figure-38@9.[274,1316,194,1942]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Skull of Mesatirhinus megarhinus in A, anterior; B, dorsal; C, ventral; and D, lateral view. After Osborn. 1929." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127544/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">2</figureCitation>
). In 1929 Osborn upheld this identification, but
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B2EFFB2DA6CEB1AF910FDFD69AC" author="Mader, B. J." box="[371,534,1733,1759]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="458 - 484" refId="ref44654" refString="Mader, B. J. (1989) The Brontotheriidae: a systematic revision and preliminary phylogeny of North American genera. In: Prothero, D. R. &amp; Schoch, R. M. (Eds), The Evolution of Perissodactyls. Oxford University Press, Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics (15), New York, pp. 458 - 484." type="book chapter" year="1989">Mader (1989)</bibRefCitation>
concluded that this skull is not referable to
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFB2DA6CEE43F910FB2069AD" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1872" box="[1066,1227,1733,1758]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Telmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CEE43F910FB2069AD" box="[1066,1227,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Telmatherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFB2DA6CEE90F910FA7969AD" authorityName="Hatcher" authorityYear="1895" box="[1273,1426,1733,1758]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Manteoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CEE90F910FA7969AD" box="[1273,1426,1733,1758]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Manteoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) but is instead a specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFB2DA6CEB86F938FD236875" box="[495,712,1773,1798]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Metatelmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CEB86F938FD236875" box="[495,712,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Metatelmatherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This conclusion was based on the skull's large canine, long diastema, and forwardly placed lateral incision of the external nares, all of which are diagnostic of
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFB2DA6CEF50F8C0FEFD6825" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Metatelmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CEF50F8C0FEFD6825" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Metatelmatherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<figureCitation id="13792A5AFFB2DA6CEB3CF8E8FE466824" box="[341,429,1853,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="80.[151,255,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[316,1273,204,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-67@80.[302,1291,194,1905]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 30. Comparison between the holotype skull of Manteoceras uintensis (CM 2388) and a skull of Metatelmatherium ultimum. A1, holotype skull of Manteoceras uintensis in ventral view; A2, the same in lateral view; B, skull of Metatelmatherium ultimum (AMNH 2004, reversed). All figures after Osborn, 1929." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127608/files/figure.png" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
). The zygomatic arches are imperfectly preserved in the
<typeStatus id="54F9887DFFB2DA6CEE26F8E8FB6A6824" box="[1103,1153,1853,1879]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">type</typeStatus>
skull of &quot;
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFB2DA6CEE9EF8E8FA7B6825" authorityName="Hatcher" authorityYear="1895" box="[1271,1424,1853,1878]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Manteoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CEE9EF8E8FA7B6825" box="[1271,1424,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Manteoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFB2DA6CEAFEF8B0FF14680D" baseAuthorityName="Douglass" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[151,255,1893,1918]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Manteoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uintensis">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CEAFEF8B0FF14680D" box="[151,255,1893,1918]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">uintensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but may have had the flange on the underside of the jugal that is also diagnostic of
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFB2DA6CEE98F8B0FF2568D5" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Metatelmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFB2DA6CEE98F8B0FF2568D5" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Metatelmatherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3D6657FFADDA73EAFEF853FBF56899" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127608" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5127608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127608/files/figure.png" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" startId="80.[151,255,1926,1950]" targetBox="[316,1273,204,1892]" targetPageId="80">
<paragraph id="8BFD36DFFFADDA73EAFEF853FBF56899" blockId="80.[151,1436,1926,2026]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFADDA73EAFEF853FECD68ED" bold="true" box="[151,294,1926,1950]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">FIGURE 30.</emphasis>
Comparison between the holotype skull of
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFADDA73E89FF853FB8868EE" authority="(CM 2388)" baseAuthorityName="CM" baseAuthorityYear="2388" box="[758,1123,1926,1949]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Manteoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uintensis">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFADDA73E89FF853FC0C68EE" box="[758,999,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Manteoceras uintensis</emphasis>
(CM 2388)
</taxonomicName>
and a skull of
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFADDA73EF69F853FEC268B0" baseAuthorityName="AMNH" baseAuthorityYear="2060" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Metatelmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ultimum">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFADDA73EF69F853FEC268B0" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Metatelmatherium ultimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A1, holotype skull of
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFADDA73E844F879FCCB68B0" baseAuthorityName="CM" baseAuthorityYear="2388" box="[557,800,1964,1987]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Manteoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="uintensis">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFADDA73E844F879FCCB68B0" box="[557,800,1964,1987]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Manteoceras uintensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in ventral view; A2, the same in lateral view; B, skull of
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFADDA73EAFEF806FE526899" baseAuthorityName="AMNH" baseAuthorityYear="2060" box="[151,441,2003,2026]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Metatelmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ultimum">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFADDA73EAFEF806FE526899" box="[151,441,2003,2026]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Metatelmatherium ultimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(AMNH 2004, reversed). All figures after
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B2EFFADDA73E9EFF806FBF26899" author="Osborn, H. F." box="[902,1049,2003,2026]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" refId="ref45485" refString="Osborn, H. F. (1929) The titanotheres of ancient Wyoming, Dakota, and Nebraska. U. S. Geological Survey, Monograph 55 (2 volumes), 953 pp." type="book" year="1929">Osborn, 1929</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFD36DFFFACDA72EAAEFF4DFBAB6E21" blockId="81.[151,1436,152,698]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B2EFFACDA72EAAEFF4DFE986FC1" author="Osborn, H. F." box="[199,371,152,178]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refId="ref45485" refString="Osborn, H. F. (1929) The titanotheres of ancient Wyoming, Dakota, and Nebraska. U. S. Geological Survey, Monograph 55 (2 volumes), 953 pp." type="book" year="1929">Osborn (1929)</bibRefCitation>
listed the following characters, which he believed allied Douglass's specimen to
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFACDA72EF50FF4DFF3D6FAA" authorityName="Hatcher" authorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Manteoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFACDA72EF50FF4DFF3D6FAA" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Manteoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: the presence of round-topped incisors; robust, recurved canines; twin convexities on the premolar ectolophs; a broad, subhypsodont M3 with large parastyle and mesostyle; and widely arched zygomata. Each one of these characters is also typical of
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFACDA72E813FEC5FCB96E5A" box="[634,850,272,297]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Metatelmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFACDA72E813FEC5FCB96E5A" box="[634,850,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Metatelmatherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, and I restate my opinion that the similarities to
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFACDA72EB65FEEDFE0E6E22" box="[268,485,312,337]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Metatelmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFACDA72EB65FEEDFE0E6E22" box="[268,485,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Metatelmatherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
heavily outweigh any similarities to
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFACDA72E9FEFEEDFBD26E22" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1872" box="[919,1081,312,337]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Telmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFACDA72E9FEFEEDFBD26E22" box="[919,1081,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Telmatherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD36DFFFACDA72EAAEFEB5FF076DC9" blockId="81.[151,1436,152,698]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
Most specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFACDA72EBC3FEB5FD026E0A" baseAuthorityName="AMNH" baseAuthorityYear="2060" box="[426,745,352,377]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Metatelmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ultimum">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFACDA72EBC3FEB5FD026E0A" box="[426,745,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Metatelmatherium ultimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have the distinct flange on the base of the jugal that is apomorphic for the genus. As noted above, however, a skull (CM 11380) referable to
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFACDA72EE31FE5DFADA6ED2" box="[1112,1329,392,417]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Metatelmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFACDA72EE31FE5DFADA6ED2" box="[1112,1329,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Metatelmatherium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Sand Wash Basin of
<collectingRegion id="4986F83DFFACDA72EBFBFE65FE146EB9" box="[402,511,432,458]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Colorado</collectingRegion>
lacks the characteristic flange but resembles specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFACDA72EEADFE65FF1C6E82" baseAuthorityName="AMNH" baseAuthorityYear="2060" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Metatelmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ultimum">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFACDA72EEADFE65FF1C6E82" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Metatelmatherium ultimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in all other respects. Because of this morphologic difference and the earlier age of the Sand Wash specimen, it is possible that the specimen represents an entirely new species. Until the intraspecific variation of
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFACDA72EADFFDFDFED76D32" baseAuthorityName="AMNH" baseAuthorityYear="2060" box="[182,316,552,578]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Metatelmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ultimum">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFACDA72EADFFDFDFF256D32" box="[182,206,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFACDA72EAB5FDFDFED76D32" box="[220,316,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">ultimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be better documented, however, I choose to regard the Sand Wash specimen as representing
<taxonomicName id="4C424D5CFFACDA72EAFEFD85FEF56D1A" baseAuthorityName="AMNH" baseAuthorityYear="2060" box="[151,286,592,618]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Metatelmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ultimum">
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFACDA72EAFEFD85FF446D1A" box="[151,175,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B936EACDFFACDA72EAD7FD85FEF56D1A" box="[190,286,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">ultimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and have included it in the list of referred specimens above. Even if the specimen should prove to be a distinct species, however, I find no basis for referring it to a new genus as suggested by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B2EFFACDA72EF64FDADFF026DC9" author="Mihlbachler, M. C." pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refId="ref45220" refString="Mihlbachler, M. C. (2005) Phylogenetic systematics of the Brontotheriidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla). Columbia University, New York, 763 pp." type="book" year="2005">Mihlbachler (2005)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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