437 lines
70 KiB
XML
437 lines
70 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C88FCE26EBDDCAB7C56681EFF2DE46D7">A new genus of rhinebothriidean cestodes from batoid elasmobranchs, with the description of five new species and two new combinations</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5984B452A33446E4B9C81FEA4F121281">Reyda, Florian B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CE71B291ACB979DD54E2253E82814134">Folia Parasitologica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="341498C53C769543697498CBF0D055B7">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="F390EE6BEB41CC37C4AABE21D2D7B65A">038</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03EB87AEFFF4FFA2DF958485FD6A2B58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EB87AEFFF4FFA2DF958485FD6A2B58" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87AEFFF4FFA2DF958485FD6A2B58" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF4FFA4DF958485FE482ED7" ID-CoL="7Q32N" ID-ENA="1930081" authority="Healy et Reyda" authorityName="Healy et Reyda" authorityYear="2016" box="[151,482,1695,1719]" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Stillabothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus" status="gen. n.">
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<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF4FFA4DF958485FE9D2ED7" bold="true" box="[151,311,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Stillabothrium</emphasis>
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Healy et Reyda
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557D1FFF4FFA4DEEB84BAFD9B2ED7" box="[489,561,1696,1720]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8BFD36B8FFF4FFA4DF9584F9FE202E96" blockId="3.[151,394,1763,1782]" box="[151,394,1763,1782]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ZooBank number for genus:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFD36B8FFF4FFA4DF958519FD522F76" blockId="3.[151,760,1795,1814]" box="[151,760,1795,1814]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FFE40C6DFFF4FFA4DE648519FD522F76" box="[358,760,1795,1814]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">B2B660B1-E30D-4208-935E-F89C06A2D16D</uuid>
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<subSubSection id="C3586533FFF4FFA3DFB78525FD1F2F77" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BFD36B8FFF4FFA4DFB78525FAB82077" blockId="3.[151,776,1855,2071]" lastBlockId="3.[813,1437,1567,2071]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF4FFA4DFB78525FE892F37" bold="true" box="[181,291,1855,1879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF4FFA4DE368525FE492F37" box="[308,483,1855,1879]" class="Cestoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="order">Rhinebothriidea</taxonomicName>
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. Worms euapolytic, small. Scolex consisting of scolex proper and 4 bothridia; cephalic peduncle absent; short germinative zone present; apical organ absent. Bothridia stalked, consisting of anterior and posterior regions with distinctly different arrangement of loculi and septa; bothridial margins with thin rim. Anterior region with horizontally oriented loculi (i.e. loculi wider than long) with two (
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<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DB0D8405FBC42E57" box="[1039,1134,1567,1591]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,186,1555,1577]" captionTargetBox="[244,1344,190,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-265@6.[234,1349,189,1548]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Line drawings of Stillabothrium ashleyae sp. n. from Dasyatis biasa (Last, White et Naylor). A – whole worm (holotype; MZUM [P] 2016.6 [H]); B – scolex (LRP 9011); C – terminal proglottid (LRP 9010) with position of sections labeled (uterus not shown); D – section of mature proglottid at level of testes (LRP 9037); E – section of mature proglottid posterior to ovarian bridge (LRP 9030)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143432/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 2B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DB7B8405FB302E57" box="[1145,1178,1567,1591]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,186,1341,1363]" captionTargetBox="[167,1409,191,1313]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[160,1424,171,1322]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Line drawings of Stillabothrium davidcynthiaorum sp. n. from Himantura heterura (Bleeker). A – whole worm (LRP 9046); B – scolex (holotype, MZUM [P] 2016.9 [H]); C – terminal proglottid (LRP 9046)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143438/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">4B</figureCitation>
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) or more (
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<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DA0E8405FAC12E57" box="[1292,1387,1567,1591]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[151,186,1369,1391]" captionTargetBox="[253,1337,192,1337]" captionTargetId="figure-409@11.[244,1344,186,1349]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Line drawings of Stillabothrium campbelli sp. n. from Himantura cf. pastinacoides. A – whole worm (holotype; MZUM [P] 2016.11 [H]); B – scolex (LRP 9066); C – terminal proglottid (LRP 9067)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143442/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 6B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DA748405FA322E57" box="[1398,1432,1567,1591]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[151,186,1400,1422]" captionTargetBox="[268,1317,194,1369]" captionTargetId="figure-319@13.[258,1327,186,1373]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Line drawings of Stillabothrium hyphantoseptum sp. n. from Pastinachus solocirostris Last, Manjaji et Yearsley. A – whole worm (holotype; MZUM [P] 2016.13 [H]); B – scolex (LRP 9092); C – terminal proglottid (LRP 9088)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143446/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">8B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DC2F8425FCF62E37" box="[813,860,1599,1623]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1490,1512]" captionTargetBox="[237,1359,192,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-349@16.[229,1363,186,1466]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 10. Line drawings of Stillabothrium jeanfortiae sp. n. from Himantura australis Last, White et Naylor. A – whole worm (holotype; QM G235198); B – scolex (LRP 9123); C – terminal proglottid (holotype; QM 235198)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143450/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">10B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DC6B8425FC322E37" box="[873,920,1599,1623]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[151,186,1387,1409]" captionTargetBox="[272,1313,190,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-23@19.[264,1324,186,1365]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 12. Line drawings of Stillabothrium cadenati comb. n. from Zanobatus schoenleinii (Müller et Henle). A – whole worm (LRP 9135); B – bothridium (LRP 9134); C – terminal proglottid (LRP 9136)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143454/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">12B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DCA78425FC6A2E37" box="[933,960,1599,1623]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[151,186,705,727]" captionTargetBox="[191,734,194,675]" captionTargetId="figure-390@22.[185,740,173,680]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 15. Line drawing of bothridium of the holotype (QM GL4621) of Stillabothrium amuletum (Butler, 1987) comb. n. from Glaucostegus typus [Anonymous (Bennett)]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143460/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">15</figureCitation>
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) complete transverse septa, with (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DA3A8425FA322E37" box="[1336,1432,1599,1623]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,186,1555,1577]" captionTargetBox="[244,1344,190,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-265@6.[234,1349,189,1548]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Line drawings of Stillabothrium ashleyae sp. n. from Dasyatis biasa (Last, White et Naylor). A – whole worm (holotype; MZUM [P] 2016.6 [H]); B – scolex (LRP 9011); C – terminal proglottid (LRP 9010) with position of sections labeled (uterus not shown); D – section of mature proglottid at level of testes (LRP 9037); E – section of mature proglottid posterior to ovarian bridge (LRP 9030)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143432/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 2B</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DC2F8445FCE72E17" box="[813,845,1631,1655]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,186,1341,1363]" captionTargetBox="[167,1409,191,1313]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[160,1424,171,1322]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Line drawings of Stillabothrium davidcynthiaorum sp. n. from Himantura heterura (Bleeker). A – whole worm (LRP 9046); B – scolex (holotype, MZUM [P] 2016.9 [H]); C – terminal proglottid (LRP 9046)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143438/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">4B</figureCitation>
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) or without (
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<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DCD88445FB922E17" box="[986,1080,1631,1655]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[151,186,1369,1391]" captionTargetBox="[253,1337,192,1337]" captionTargetId="figure-409@11.[244,1344,186,1349]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Line drawings of Stillabothrium campbelli sp. n. from Himantura cf. pastinacoides. A – whole worm (holotype; MZUM [P] 2016.11 [H]); B – scolex (LRP 9066); C – terminal proglottid (LRP 9067)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143442/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 6B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DB468445FBCC2E17" box="[1092,1126,1631,1655]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[151,186,1400,1422]" captionTargetBox="[268,1317,194,1369]" captionTargetId="figure-319@13.[258,1327,186,1373]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Line drawings of Stillabothrium hyphantoseptum sp. n. from Pastinachus solocirostris Last, Manjaji et Yearsley. A – whole worm (holotype; MZUM [P] 2016.13 [H]); B – scolex (LRP 9092); C – terminal proglottid (LRP 9088)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143446/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">8B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DB738445FB0A2E17" box="[1137,1184,1631,1655]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1490,1512]" captionTargetBox="[237,1359,192,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-349@16.[229,1363,186,1466]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 10. Line drawings of Stillabothrium jeanfortiae sp. n. from Himantura australis Last, White et Naylor. A – whole worm (holotype; QM G235198); B – scolex (LRP 9123); C – terminal proglottid (holotype; QM 235198)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143450/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">10B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DBAE8445FB712E17" box="[1196,1243,1631,1655]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[151,186,1387,1409]" captionTargetBox="[272,1313,190,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-23@19.[264,1324,186,1365]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 12. Line drawings of Stillabothrium cadenati comb. n. from Zanobatus schoenleinii (Müller et Henle). A – whole worm (LRP 9135); B – bothridium (LRP 9134); C – terminal proglottid (LRP 9136)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143454/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">12B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DBE48445FAAB2E17" box="[1254,1281,1631,1655]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[151,186,705,727]" captionTargetBox="[191,734,194,675]" captionTargetId="figure-390@22.[185,740,173,680]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 15. Line drawing of bothridium of the holotype (QM GL4621) of Stillabothrium amuletum (Butler, 1987) comb. n. from Glaucostegus typus [Anonymous (Bennett)]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143460/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">15</figureCitation>
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) single partial medial longitudinal septum. Posterior region lacking medial longitudinal septum, divided into odd number of vertically oriented loculi (i.e. loculi longer than wide) by even number of nonmedial longitudinal septa; nonmedial longitudinal septa all incomplete (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DB6A84E5FB6D2F77" box="[1128,1223,1791,1815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[151,186,1369,1391]" captionTargetBox="[253,1337,192,1337]" captionTargetId="figure-409@11.[244,1344,186,1349]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Line drawings of Stillabothrium campbelli sp. n. from Himantura cf. pastinacoides. A – whole worm (holotype; MZUM [P] 2016.11 [H]); B – scolex (LRP 9066); C – terminal proglottid (LRP 9067)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143442/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 6B</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DBD684E5FB5F2F77" box="[1236,1269,1791,1815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[151,186,1400,1422]" captionTargetBox="[268,1317,194,1369]" captionTargetId="figure-319@13.[258,1327,186,1373]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Line drawings of Stillabothrium hyphantoseptum sp. n. from Pastinachus solocirostris Last, Manjaji et Yearsley. A – whole worm (holotype; MZUM [P] 2016.13 [H]); B – scolex (LRP 9092); C – terminal proglottid (LRP 9088)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143446/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">8B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DA0084E5FA9B2F77" box="[1282,1329,1791,1815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1490,1512]" captionTargetBox="[237,1359,192,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-349@16.[229,1363,186,1466]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 10. Line drawings of Stillabothrium jeanfortiae sp. n. from Himantura australis Last, White et Naylor. A – whole worm (holotype; QM G235198); B – scolex (LRP 9123); C – terminal proglottid (holotype; QM 235198)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143450/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">10B</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DA3F84E5FAC62F77" box="[1341,1388,1791,1815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[151,186,1387,1409]" captionTargetBox="[272,1313,190,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-23@19.[264,1324,186,1365]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 12. Line drawings of Stillabothrium cadenati comb. n. from Zanobatus schoenleinii (Müller et Henle). A – whole worm (LRP 9135); B – bothridium (LRP 9134); C – terminal proglottid (LRP 9136)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143454/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">12B</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DA7B84E5FA3E2F77" box="[1401,1428,1791,1815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[151,186,705,727]" captionTargetBox="[191,734,194,675]" captionTargetId="figure-390@22.[185,740,173,680]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 15. Line drawing of bothridium of the holotype (QM GL4621) of Stillabothrium amuletum (Butler, 1987) comb. n. from Glaucostegus typus [Anonymous (Bennett)]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143460/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">15</figureCitation>
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) or a combination of incomplete and complete (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DA358505FA322F57" box="[1335,1432,1823,1847]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,186,1555,1577]" captionTargetBox="[244,1344,190,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-265@6.[234,1349,189,1548]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Line drawings of Stillabothrium ashleyae sp. n. from Dasyatis biasa (Last, White et Naylor). A – whole worm (holotype; MZUM [P] 2016.6 [H]); B – scolex (LRP 9011); C – terminal proglottid (LRP 9010) with position of sections labeled (uterus not shown); D – section of mature proglottid at level of testes (LRP 9037); E – section of mature proglottid posterior to ovarian bridge (LRP 9030)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143432/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 2B</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DC2F8525FCE52F37" box="[813,847,1855,1879]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,186,1341,1363]" captionTargetBox="[167,1409,191,1313]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[160,1424,171,1322]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Line drawings of Stillabothrium davidcynthiaorum sp. n. from Himantura heterura (Bleeker). A – whole worm (LRP 9046); B – scolex (holotype, MZUM [P] 2016.9 [H]); C – terminal proglottid (LRP 9046)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143438/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">4B</figureCitation>
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); incomplete nonmedial longitudinal septa either abut posteriormost transverse septum of anterior region of bothridia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DC6C8565FC642FF7" box="[878,974,1919,1943]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,186,1555,1577]" captionTargetBox="[244,1344,190,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-265@6.[234,1349,189,1548]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Line drawings of Stillabothrium ashleyae sp. n. from Dasyatis biasa (Last, White et Naylor). A – whole worm (holotype; MZUM [P] 2016.6 [H]); B – scolex (LRP 9011); C – terminal proglottid (LRP 9010) with position of sections labeled (uterus not shown); D – section of mature proglottid at level of testes (LRP 9037); E – section of mature proglottid posterior to ovarian bridge (LRP 9030)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143432/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 2B</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DCD98565FC572FF7" box="[987,1021,1919,1943]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,186,1341,1363]" captionTargetBox="[167,1409,191,1313]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[160,1424,171,1322]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Line drawings of Stillabothrium davidcynthiaorum sp. n. from Himantura heterura (Bleeker). A – whole worm (LRP 9046); B – scolex (holotype, MZUM [P] 2016.9 [H]); C – terminal proglottid (LRP 9046)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143438/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">4B</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DB088565FB902FF7" box="[1034,1082,1919,1943]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,186,1490,1512]" captionTargetBox="[237,1359,192,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-349@16.[229,1363,186,1466]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 10. Line drawings of Stillabothrium jeanfortiae sp. n. from Himantura australis Last, White et Naylor. A – whole worm (holotype; QM G235198); B – scolex (LRP 9123); C – terminal proglottid (holotype; QM 235198)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143450/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">10B</figureCitation>
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,), or overlap one or more posteriormost transverse septa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DB488585FB032FD7" box="[1098,1193,1951,1975]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[151,186,1369,1391]" captionTargetBox="[253,1337,192,1337]" captionTargetId="figure-409@11.[244,1344,186,1349]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Line drawings of Stillabothrium campbelli sp. n. from Himantura cf. pastinacoides. A – whole worm (holotype; MZUM [P] 2016.11 [H]); B – scolex (LRP 9066); C – terminal proglottid (LRP 9067)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143442/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 6B</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DBB78585FB7D2FD7" box="[1205,1239,1951,1975]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[151,186,1400,1422]" captionTargetBox="[268,1317,194,1369]" captionTargetId="figure-319@13.[258,1327,186,1373]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 8. Line drawings of Stillabothrium hyphantoseptum sp. n. from Pastinachus solocirostris Last, Manjaji et Yearsley. A – whole worm (holotype; MZUM [P] 2016.13 [H]); B – scolex (LRP 9092); C – terminal proglottid (LRP 9088)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143446/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">8B</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DBE18585FAB82FD7" box="[1251,1298,1951,1975]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[151,186,1387,1409]" captionTargetBox="[272,1313,190,1355]" captionTargetId="figure-23@19.[264,1324,186,1365]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 12. Line drawings of Stillabothrium cadenati comb. n. from Zanobatus schoenleinii (Müller et Henle). A – whole worm (LRP 9135); B – bothridium (LRP 9134); C – terminal proglottid (LRP 9136)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143454/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">12B</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DA1C8585FA912FD7" box="[1310,1339,1951,1975]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[151,186,705,727]" captionTargetBox="[191,734,194,675]" captionTargetId="figure-390@22.[185,740,173,680]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 15. Line drawing of bothridium of the holotype (QM GL4621) of Stillabothrium amuletum (Butler, 1987) comb. n. from Glaucostegus typus [Anonymous (Bennett)]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143460/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">15</figureCitation>
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). Lateral margins of posterior region of bothridium divided into additional loculi by marginally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DB7385C5FB7B2F97" box="[1137,1233,2015,2039]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,186,1555,1577]" captionTargetBox="[244,1344,190,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-265@6.[234,1349,189,1548]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Line drawings of Stillabothrium ashleyae sp. n. from Dasyatis biasa (Last, White et Naylor). A – whole worm (holotype; MZUM [P] 2016.6 [H]); B – scolex (LRP 9011); C – terminal proglottid (LRP 9010) with position of sections labeled (uterus not shown); D – section of mature proglottid at level of testes (LRP 9037); E – section of mature proglottid posterior to ovarian bridge (LRP 9030)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143432/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DBDF85C5FB572F97" box="[1245,1277,2015,2039]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,186,1341,1363]" captionTargetBox="[167,1409,191,1313]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[160,1424,171,1322]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Line drawings of Stillabothrium davidcynthiaorum sp. n. from Himantura heterura (Bleeker). A – whole worm (LRP 9046); B – scolex (holotype, MZUM [P] 2016.9 [H]); C – terminal proglottid (LRP 9046)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143438/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
) or diagonally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DC3785E5FC382077" box="[821,914,2047,2071]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[151,186,1369,1391]" captionTargetBox="[253,1337,192,1337]" captionTargetId="figure-409@11.[244,1344,186,1349]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 6. Line drawings of Stillabothrium campbelli sp. n. from Himantura cf. pastinacoides. A – whole worm (holotype; MZUM [P] 2016.11 [H]); B – scolex (LRP 9066); C – terminal proglottid (LRP 9067)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143442/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF4FFA4DC9F85E5FC122077" box="[925,952,2047,2071]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[151,186,705,727]" captionTargetBox="[191,734,194,675]" captionTargetId="figure-390@22.[185,740,173,680]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 15. Line drawing of bothridium of the holotype (QM GL4621) of Stillabothrium amuletum (Butler, 1987) comb. n. from Glaucostegus typus [Anonymous (Bennett)]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143460/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">15</figureCitation>
|
||
) oriented septa in some species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3D6630FFF3FFA3DF9581FFFC082C2E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143430" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8143430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143430/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[151,186,997,1019]" targetBox="[151,1438,188,968]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
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||
<paragraph id="8BFD36B8FFF3FFA3DF9581FFFC082C2E" blockId="4.[151,1436,997,1103]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DF9581FFFF722B9A" bold="true" box="[151,216,997,1019]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Phylogram based on Bayesian analysis of 1 084 bp region of D1–D3 28S rDNA. Numbers above branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities, numbers below indicate Bootstrap percentage values, based on 1 000 replicates. Scale indicates expected num- ber of substitutions per site. Diagrammatic line drawings of fully opened bothridia of the seven described species mapped onto the clades representing those respective species. Host species information in Table 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36B8FFF3FFA3DFB78665FD4C2D37" blockId="4.[151,775,1151,1815]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Longitudinal septa of posterior region appear as ridges in section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A3DFFF3FFA3DE368685FE2E2CD7" box="[308,388,1183,1207]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,186,913,935]" captionTargetBox="[151,775,189,882]" captionTargetId="figure-329@20.[151,777,186,882]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 13. Histological sections through bothridium of Stillabothrium cadenati (Euzet, 1954) comb. n. from Zanobatus schoenleinii (Müller et Henle). Arrows indicate divisions between proximal and distal portions of transverse septa. Abbreviations: ATS – an- teriormost transverse septum; IV – intestinal villus; RM – radial musculature; RTS – reduced transverse septum; SM – septal mus- culature; ST – stalk; TM – transverse muscle bundle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143456" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143456/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
) with proximal and distal portions different; proximal portion of septa formed by underlying bothridial wall, consisting of radial muscles oriented with proximal ends of fibres adjacent to each other; distal portion of septa formed by separate muscle bundle; proximal and distal portions of septa separated by triangular gap.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36B8FFF3FFA3DFB7877AFD1F2F77" blockId="4.[151,775,1151,1815]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Testes numerous, arranged in two columns, one layer deep in cross section, restricted to pre-poral region of proglottid. Cirrus sac extending medially to or past midline of proglottid. Cirrus spinitriches present. Vas deferens extending posteriorly to ovarian isthmus, entering cirrus sac at anterior margin. Vagina opening anterior to cirrus sac; vaginal sphincter absent. Ovary H-shaped in dorsoventral view, tetralobed in cross section. Vitellarium follicular; follicles in 2 lateral bands; bands interrupted by terminal genitalia and usually also by ovary. Uterus saccate, medial, extending from posterior margin of proglottid or ovarian isthmus, anteriorly to near anterior margin of proglottid. Parasites of batoid elasmobranchs (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DEB184C5FDEC2E97" box="[435,582,1759,1783]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinopristiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rhinobatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DD5184C5FD7D2E97" box="[595,727,1759,1783]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Zanobatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Zanobatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DF9584E5FEB82F77" box="[151,274,1791,1815]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Dasyatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dasyatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); Indo-Pacific and coastal Afro-tropics.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3586533FFF3FFA3DF958534FE482F1E" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36B8FFF3FFA3DF958534FE482F1E" blockId="4.[151,776,1837,2072]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
I n f o r m a l s y n o n y m s: Rhinebothriinae
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557D1FFF3FFA3DD778534FD412F23" box="[629,747,1838,1859]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">New genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
3
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B49FFF3FFA3DFB78551FEC52F01" author="HEALY C. J. & CAIRA J. N. & JENSEN K. & WEBSTER B. L. & WOOD, D. T. J." box="[181,367,1867,1889]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="497 - 511" refId="ref23907" refString="HEALY C. J., CAIRA J. N., JENSEN K., WEBSTER B. L., LITTLE- WOOD, D. T. J. 2009: Proposal for a new tapeworm order, Rhinebothriidea. Int. J. Parasitol. 39: 497 - 511." type="journal article" year="2009">Healy et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Caira et al. (2014),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B49FFF3FFA3DD3A8551FCA92F01" author="RUHNKE T. R. & CAIRA J. N. & COX A." box="[568,771,1867,1889]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref24881" refString="RUHNKE T. R., CAIRA J. N., COX A. 2015: The cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: a molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum. Zootaxa 3904: 051 - 081." type="journal volume" year="2015">Ruhnke et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B49FFF3FFA3DFDC8573FE742F1E" author="MARQUES F. P. L. & CAIRA J. N." box="[222,478,1896,1918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="249 - 259" refId="ref24374" refString="MARQUES F. P. L., CAIRA J. N. 2016: Pararhinebothroides - neither the sister taxon of Rhinebothroides nor a valid genus. J. Parasi- tol. 102: 249 - 259." type="journal article" year="2016">Marques and Caira (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3586533FFF3FFA3DF958590FDD62FFF" box="[151,636,1929,1951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36B8FFF3FFA3DF958590FDD62FFF" blockId="4.[151,776,1837,2072]" box="[151,636,1929,1951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
T y p e s p e c i e s:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DE5F8593FDE82FFE" authority="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey, 2016" authorityName="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey" authorityYear="2016" box="[349,578,1929,1950]" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Stillabothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="ashleyae" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DE5F8593FDE82FFE" box="[349,578,1929,1950]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stillabothrium ashleyae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557D1FFF3FFA3DD4A8590FDD62FFF" box="[584,636,1930,1951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3586533FFF3FFA3DF9585B1FBF52CF4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36B8FFF3FFA3DF9585B1FBF52CF4" blockId="4.[151,776,1837,2072]" lastBlockId="4.[813,1436,1151,1235]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
A d d i t i o n a l s p e c i e s:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DEBF85B0FF442FBE" authority="(Butler, 1987)" authorityName="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Stillabothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="amuletum" status="comb. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DEBF85B0FD182FDF" box="[445,690,1962,1983]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stillabothrium amuletum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B49FFF3FFA3DDC685B0FF4C2FBE" author="BUTLER S. A." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="343 - 371" refId="ref23415" refString="BUTLER S. A. 1987: Taxonomy of some tetraphyllidean cestodes from elasmobranch fishes. Aust. J. Zool. 35: 343 - 371." type="journal article" year="1987">Butler, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557D1FFF3FFA3DFF685D2FEE12FBD" box="[244,331,1992,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DE5485D2FD6F2FBE" authority="(Euzet, 1954)" authorityName="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey" authorityYear="2016" baseAuthorityName="Euzet" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[342,709,1992,2014]" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Stillabothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cadenati" status="comb. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DE5485D2FD912FBD" box="[342,571,1992,2013]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stillabothrium cadenati</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B49FFF3FFA3DD4A85D2FD142FBE" author="EUZET L." box="[584,702,1992,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="126 - 138" refId="ref23736" refString="EUZET L. 1954: Parasites de poisons de mer ouest africains recoltes par J. Cadenat. I. Cestodes tetraphylllides de selaciens. (Note preliminaire). Bull. Ins. Fran. d'Afrique Noire. Serie A 16: 126 - 138." type="journal article" year="1954">Euzet, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557D1FFF3FFA3DDC985D2FF602F9B" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DFD485FFFE622F9A" authority="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey, 2016" authorityName="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey" authorityYear="2016" box="[214,456,2021,2042]" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Stillabothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="campbelli" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DFD485FFFE622F9A" box="[214,456,2021,2042]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stillabothrium campbelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557D1FFF3FFA3DED285FCFDA22F9B" box="[464,520,2022,2043]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DD1785FFFEA72077" authority="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey, 2016" authorityName="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey" authorityYear="2016" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Stillabothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="davidcynthiaorum" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DD1785FFFEA72077" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stillabothrium davidcynthiaorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557D1FFF3FFA3DE158A19FEFA2078" box="[279,336,2051,2072]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DE5F8A18FD242077" authority="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey, 2016" authorityName="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey" authorityYear="2016" box="[349,654,2050,2071]" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Stillabothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hyphantoseptum" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DE5F8A18FD242077" box="[349,654,2050,2071]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stillabothrium hyphantoseptum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557D1FFF3FFA3DD9A8A19FD7B2078" box="[664,721,2051,2072]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DDDD8A18FB8F2CF4" authority="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey, 2016" authorityName="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey" authorityYear="2016" box="[735,1061,1151,2071]" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Stillabothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="jeanfortiae" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DDDD8A18FB8F2CF4" box="[735,1061,1151,2071]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stillabothrium jeanfortiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557D1FFF3FFA3DB298665FBF52CF4" box="[1067,1119,1151,1172]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3586533FFF3FFA3DC2F86BAFA952CB3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36B8FFF3FFA3DC2F86BAFA952CB3" blockId="4.[813,1436,1151,1235]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">E t y m o l o g y: From the Latin ‘stilla’, meaning drop, for the teardrop shape of the bothridia of species the genus.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3586533FFF3FFA2DC4986E5FD6A2B58" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36B8FFF3FFA2DC4986E5FE622917" blockId="4.[813,1437,1279,2071]" lastBlockId="5.[151,775,191,824]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DC4986E5FC102D77" bold="true" box="[843,954,1279,1303]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DCC286E5FBF02D77" authority="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey, 2016" authorityName="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey" authorityYear="2016" box="[960,1114,1279,1303]" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Stillabothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus" status="gen. n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DCC286E5FBF02D77" box="[960,1114,1279,1303]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stillabothrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557D1FFF3FFA3DB63871AFB032D77" box="[1121,1193,1280,1304]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is generally consistent with the diagnosis of the order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DB718705FAB52D57" box="[1139,1311,1311,1335]" class="Cestoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="order">Rhinebothriidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
as given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B49FFF3FFA3DC2F8725FC552D37" author="HEALY C. J. & CAIRA J. N. & JENSEN K. & WEBSTER B. L. & WOOD, D. T. J." box="[813,1023,1343,1367]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="497 - 511" refId="ref23907" refString="HEALY C. J., CAIRA J. N., JENSEN K., WEBSTER B. L., LITTLE- WOOD, D. T. J. 2009: Proposal for a new tapeworm order, Rhinebothriidea. Int. J. Parasitol. 39: 497 - 511." type="journal article" year="2009">Healy et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DB818725FAB72D37" authorityName="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey" authorityYear="2016" box="[1155,1309,1343,1367]" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Stillabothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DB818725FAB72D37" box="[1155,1309,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stillabothrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess facially loculated bothridia borne on stalks and possess a vas deferens that enters the cirrus sac at the anterior, rather than the medial, margin.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DB108785FB062DD7" authorityName="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey" authorityYear="2016" box="[1042,1196,1439,1463]" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Stillabothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DB108785FB062DD7" box="[1042,1196,1439,1463]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stillabothrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from all rhinebothriidean genera except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DBF287A5FBFF2D97" authority="Berman and Brooks, 1994" authorityName="Berman and Brooks" authorityYear="1994" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Escherbothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DBF287A5FA362DB7" box="[1264,1436,1471,1495]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Escherbothrium</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B49FFF3FFA3DC2F87FAFBFF2D97" author="BERMAN R. & BROOKS D. R." box="[813,1109,1503,1527]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="775 - 780" refId="ref23357" refString="BERMAN R., BROOKS D. R. 1994: Escherbothrium molinae n. gen. et n. sp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Triloculariinae) in Urotrygon chilensis (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Urolophidae) from the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica. J. Parasitol. 80: 775 - 780." type="journal article" year="1994">Berman and Brooks, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DB6787C5FCC82E77" authority="Alexander, 1963" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1963" class="Cestoda" family="Phyllobothriidae" genus="Phormobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllobothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DB6787C5FAB72D97" box="[1125,1309,1503,1527]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Phormobothrium</emphasis>
|
||
Alexander, 1963
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DC9987E5FB6A2E77" authority="Lonnberg, 1889" authorityName="Lonnberg" authorityYear="1889" box="[923,1216,1535,1559]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Tritaphros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DC9987E5FBA12E77" box="[923,1035,1535,1559]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tritaphros</emphasis>
|
||
Lönnberg,
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B5DFFF3FFA3DB8987E5FB6A2E77" box="[1163,1216,1535,1559]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.79806" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="in" value="1889.0">1889</quantity>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its possession of bothridia that are fully facially loculate, with posterior loculi that are longer than wide.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DB788425FABE2E37" authorityName="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey" authorityYear="2016" box="[1146,1300,1599,1623]" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Stillabothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DB788425FABE2E37" box="[1146,1300,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stillabothrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DC2F8445FC4F2E17" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1963" box="[813,997,1631,1655]" class="Cestoda" family="Phyllobothriidae" genus="Phormobothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllobothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DC2F8445FC4F2E17" box="[813,997,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Phormobothrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DB158445FB2D2E17" authorityName="Lonnberg" authorityYear="1889" box="[1047,1159,1631,1655]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Tritaphros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DB158445FB2D2E17" box="[1047,1159,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tritaphros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking an apical organ on the scolex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DCD68465FBC42EF7" authorityName="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey" authorityYear="2016" box="[980,1134,1663,1687]" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Stillabothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DCD68465FBC42EF7" box="[980,1134,1663,1687]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stillabothrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DA488465FC252ED7" authorityName="Berman and Brooks" authorityYear="1994" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Escherbothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DA488465FC252ED7" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Escherbothrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DCD28485FBC02ED7" authorityName="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey" authorityYear="2016" box="[976,1130,1695,1719]" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Stillabothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DCD28485FBC02ED7" box="[976,1130,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stillabothrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from the latter genus in lacking a medial longitudinal septum in the posterior region of the bothridium, thereby possessing an odd number of loculi. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DB5E84E5FAA22F77" authorityName="Berman and Brooks" authorityYear="1994" box="[1116,1288,1791,1815]" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Escherbothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DB5E84E5FAA22F77" box="[1116,1288,1791,1815]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Escherbothrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the posterior region of the bothridium includes a short medial longitudinal septum (see fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B5DFFF3FFA3DB1F8525FBED2F37" box="[1053,1095,1855,1879]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B49FFF3FFA3DB4D855AFACC2F37" author="BERMAN R. & BROOKS D. R." box="[1103,1382,1855,1879]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="775 - 780" refId="ref23357" refString="BERMAN R., BROOKS D. R. 1994: Escherbothrium molinae n. gen. et n. sp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Triloculariinae) in Urotrygon chilensis (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Urolophidae) from the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica. J. Parasitol. 80: 775 - 780." type="journal article" year="1994">Berman and Brooks 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and an even number of loculi. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DBC38545FAC72F17" authorityName="Berman and Brooks" authorityYear="1994" box="[1217,1389,1887,1911]" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Escherbothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DBC38545FAC72F17" box="[1217,1389,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Escherbothrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described as possessing an apical sucker and rounded protrusions on its distal bothridial surfaces (see both in fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CBA9B5DFFF3FFA3DA8D8585FCE82FB7" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B49FFF3FFA3DC4B85DAFBCE2FB7" author="BERMAN R. & BROOKS D. R." box="[841,1124,1983,2007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="775 - 780" refId="ref23357" refString="BERMAN R., BROOKS D. R. 1994: Escherbothrium molinae n. gen. et n. sp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Triloculariinae) in Urotrygon chilensis (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Urolophidae) from the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica. J. Parasitol. 80: 775 - 780." type="journal article" year="1994">Berman and Brooks 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Conversely, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF3FFA3DA1885A5FCE42F97" authorityName="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey" authorityYear="2016" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Stillabothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF3FFA3DA1885A5FCE42F97" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Stillabothrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the feature on the anteriormost portion of the bothridium is considered to be a loculus, rather than a sucker, and no rounded protrusions were observed on the scolex of any surfaces of any of the six species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF2FFA2DD2082C5FD162897" authorityName="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey" authorityYear="2016" box="[546,700,223,247]" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Stillabothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF2FFA2DD2082C5FD162897" box="[546,700,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Stillabothrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined with SEM in this study. Based on the recent designation of families within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF2FFA2DE9B8305FDEF2957" box="[409,581,287,311]" class="Cestoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="order">Rhinebothriidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B49FFF2FFA2DD718305FF4B2937" author="RUHNKE T. R. & CAIRA J. N. & COX A." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref24881" refString="RUHNKE T. R., CAIRA J. N., COX A. 2015: The cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: a molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum. Zootaxa 3904: 051 - 081." type="journal volume" year="2015">Ruhnke et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF2FFA2DFEF8325FE2D2937" authorityName="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey" authorityYear="2016" box="[237,391,319,343]" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Stillabothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF2FFA2DFEF8325FE2D2937" box="[237,391,319,343]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Stillabothrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF2FFA2DD508325FE6F2917" authority="Ruhnke, Caira et Cox, 2015" authorityName="Ruhnke, Caira et Cox" authorityYear="2015" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">
|
||
Escherbothriidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B49FFF2FFA2DF958345FE6F2917" author="RUHNKE T. R. & CAIRA J. N. & COX A." box="[151,453,351,375]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref24881" refString="RUHNKE T. R., CAIRA J. N., COX A. 2015: The cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: a molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum. Zootaxa 3904: 051 - 081." type="journal volume" year="2015">Ruhnke, Caira et Cox, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD36B8FFF2FFA2DFB78365FD6A2B58" blockId="5.[151,775,191,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF2FFA2DE358365FE7B29F7" authorityName="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey" authorityYear="2016" box="[311,465,383,407]" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Stillabothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF2FFA2DE358365FE7B29F7" box="[311,465,383,407]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Stillabothrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have appeared in previous works under different temporary names. The genus was first recognised by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B49FFF2FFA2DE6D83A5FDAA29B7" author="HEALY C. J." box="[367,512,447,471]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref23865" refString="HEALY C. J. 2006: A revision of selected Tetraphyllidea (Cestoda): Caulobothrium, Rhabdotobothrium, Rhinebothrium, Scalithrium, and Spongiobothrium. PhD Dissertation, University of Con- necticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 382 pp." type="book" year="2006">Healy (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in her dissertation, under a preliminary name which, as recommended by Article 8 of the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B49FFF2FFA2DE2383E5FE182A77" author="ICZN" box="[289,434,511,535]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref23961" refString="ICZN 1999: International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Fourth Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, she disclaimed. In addition to providing preliminary morphological characterisation of species,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B49FFF2FFA2DFF38025FED72A37" author="HEALY C. J." box="[241,381,575,599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref23865" refString="HEALY C. J. 2006: A revision of selected Tetraphyllidea (Cestoda): Caulobothrium, Rhabdotobothrium, Rhinebothrium, Scalithrium, and Spongiobothrium. PhD Dissertation, University of Con- necticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 382 pp." type="book" year="2006">Healy (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included partial 28S rDNA sequence data for eight species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF2FFA2DE9B8045FD992A17" authorityName="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey" authorityYear="2016" box="[409,563,607,631]" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Stillabothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF2FFA2DE9B8045FD992A17" box="[409,563,607,631]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Stillabothrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Subsequently, four molecular phylogenetic studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B49FFF2FFA2DEF98065FD152AF7" author="HEALY C. J. & CAIRA J. N. & JENSEN K. & WEBSTER B. L. & WOOD, D. T. J." box="[507,703,639,663]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="497 - 511" refId="ref23907" refString="HEALY C. J., CAIRA J. N., JENSEN K., WEBSTER B. L., LITTLE- WOOD, D. T. J. 2009: Proposal for a new tapeworm order, Rhinebothriidea. Int. J. Parasitol. 39: 497 - 511." type="journal article" year="2009">Healy et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Caira et al. 2014,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B49FFF2FFA2DE1A8085FE422AD7" author="RUHNKE T. R. & CAIRA J. N. & COX A." box="[280,488,671,695]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref24881" refString="RUHNKE T. R., CAIRA J. N., COX A. 2015: The cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: a molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum. Zootaxa 3904: 051 - 081." type="journal volume" year="2015">Ruhnke et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B49FFF2FFA2DEF680BAFCAA2AD7" author="MARQUES F. P. L. & CAIRA J. N." box="[500,768,671,695]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="249 - 259" refId="ref24374" refString="MARQUES F. P. L., CAIRA J. N. 2016: Pararhinebothroides - neither the sister taxon of Rhinebothroides nor a valid genus. J. Parasi- tol. 102: 249 - 259." type="journal article" year="2016">Marques and Caira 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have included the sequence data originally generated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B49FFF2FFA2DF9580C5FE8D2A97" author="HEALY C. J." box="[151,295,735,759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref23865" refString="HEALY C. J. 2006: A revision of selected Tetraphyllidea (Cestoda): Caulobothrium, Rhabdotobothrium, Rhinebothrium, Scalithrium, and Spongiobothrium. PhD Dissertation, University of Con- necticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 382 pp." type="book" year="2006">Healy (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Each study, which refers to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D3BFFF2FFA2DD5380C5FD412A97" authorityName="Reyda & Healy & Haslach & Ruhnke & Aprill & Bergman & Daigler & Dedrick & Delgado & Forti & Herzog & Russell & Willsey" authorityYear="2016" box="[593,747,735,759]" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Stillabothrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EAAAFFF2FFA2DD5380C5FD412A97" box="[593,747,735,759]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Stillabothrium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as ‘Rhinebothriinae
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20557D1FFF2FFA2DE57811AFE642B78" box="[341,462,768,792]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="genus">New genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
3’, supported recognition of those eight species as an independent, novel, genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |