336 lines
65 KiB
XML
336 lines
65 KiB
XML
<document id="00259FCCF2B076F24D4B958FE0EC962B" ID-CLB-Dataset="37216" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2016.252" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7fad12f5-99eb-4308-a83e-53b274aca16b" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="221250" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F4F9AFF3-C4D3-4BFE-B4C8-516C14758DAE" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1482705154557" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Horia R. Galea, Cornelia Roder, Christoph Walcher, Marco Warmuth, Eberhard Kohlberg & Philipp F. Fischer" docDate="2016" docId="03EB879BFF97FFABFF14027CFC30E24D" docLanguage="en" docName="376-1923-1-PB.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 252" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFD2FFE3FF93FFA1FFC8060DFF8CE319" masterDocTitle="Glaciambulata neumayeri gen. et sp. nov., a new Antarctic trachymedusa (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with a revision of the family Ptychogastriidae" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698435296770" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="73284F0AA82A8EE576EF26FBDA2520F8">Glaciambulata neumayeri gen. et sp. nov., a new Antarctic trachymedusa (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with a revision of the family Ptychogastriidae</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A8DCB74572E5E969B694089B2A5CE9BA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D44D8F65D2E6FB4C48C5CF7E8F98768B">Horia R. Galea</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="BA8DC9CA31EDC3D257B094187FB5CAD7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D57E49CA54C399C2D8252846F4FBB70A">Cornelia Roder</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8006CDC03875F32407A3411B1B2F339E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="AD13549BBF167812CEDA8FB1189A85DC">Christoph Walcher</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="2DFDB5834AB34E2761F08815896EC745">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8F9EB490BA286BFB66D98F3E5DBEEE3E">Marco Warmuth</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="62DF39BFDE7BE04E1A54FF366816A7FA">Eberhard Kohlberg</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D1B669A3570D370AC4CE475560154123">Philipp F. Fischer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4114362DCC984070B5293C731055ACCE">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="90BA198B4804F13AFEA03F0340F39EE2">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="25EC01C619D5472030BE1B305BFAB6CD">252</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03EB879BFF97FFABFF14027CFC30E24D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628726" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127636784" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5628726" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EB879BFF97FFABFF14027CFC30E24D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB879BFF97FFABFF14027CFC30E24D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="C3586506FF97FFA5FF14027CFADBE795" box="[220,1367,1137,1164]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF97FFA5FF14027CFADBE795" blockId="4.[220,1367,1137,1234]" box="[220,1367,1137,1164]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF97FFA5FF14027CFB17E795" ID-CoL="3G4D6" authority="Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer" authorityName="Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer" box="[220,1179,1137,1164]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Glaciambulata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="neumayeri">
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF97FFA5FF14027CFD94E795" bold="true" box="[220,536,1137,1164]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Glaciambulata neumayeri</emphasis>
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Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer
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</taxonomicName>
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, gen. et sp. nov.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3586506FF97FFA5FE950298FCC1E7CB" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF97FFA5FE950298FB5BE7B6" blockId="4.[220,1367,1137,1234]" box="[349,1239,1173,1199]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9DBB7DC2-6BEB-42DF-BFCB-0A3B0193AB41</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF97FFA5FD2F02B5FCC1E7CB" blockId="4.[220,1367,1137,1234]" box="[743,845,1208,1234]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<figureCitation id="13792A08FF97FFA5FD2F02B5FCC1E7CB" box="[743,845,1208,1234]" captionStart-0="Fig. 1" captionStart-1="Fig. 2" captionStart-2="Fig. 3" captionStartId-0="5.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionStartId-1="6.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionStartId-2="8.[190,232,1717,1743]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A – C. Living medusae. D – G. Preserved medusae in aboral (D, E) and oral (F, G) views. Scale bars: A, C = 5 mm; B, D – G = 2 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A. Arrangement pattern of the large, Fliform tentacles around the bell margin. B. Aboral view of a medusa showing some radial and the ring canal. C. Distal part of an adhesive tentacle. D. Portion of a Fliform tentacle, showing the arrangement of the nematocysts. E – F. The mouth in frontal (E) and lateral (F) aspects. G – H. Arrangement and structure of the gonads. I – J. Position of the statocysts (arrowheads). K. Close-ups of three statocysts. L. Cnidome. Scale bars: G = 2 mm; A, B, H, I = 1 mm; E, F = 500 µm; C, J = 200 µm; K = 30 µm; L = 10 µm." captionText-2="Fig. 3 (previous page). Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A – B. Medusa in aboral (A) and oral (B) views. C. Aboral view of a medusa showing the arrangement of the upper row of large, Fliform tentacles. D – E. Oral views of two medusae showing the arrangement of their adhesive tentacles (D) and the position of the statocysts (E). F. Composition and arrangement of marginal tentacles in a specimen (large, empty circles = large, Fliform tentacles; small, empty circles = small, Fliform tentacles; small, black circles = adhesive tentacles; concentric circles, inner ones Flled in = adhesive tentacles with statocysts at their bases). G. Cross section through the umbrella margin (msg, mesoglea), showing insertion of tentacles (tt), the ring canal (r. c.), and the nematocyst ring (n. r.). Scale bars: A – E = 2 mm; G = 500 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/221251/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/221252/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3586506FF97FFA5FF7502FFFE0AE622" box="[189,390,1266,1339]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF97FFA5FF7502FFFEBAE615" blockId="4.[189,390,1266,1339]" box="[189,310,1266,1292]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="D0B581E1FF97FFA5FF7502FFFEBAE615" bold="true" box="[189,310,1266,1292]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="6">
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF97FFA5FF7502FFFEBAE615" bold="true" box="[189,310,1266,1292]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF97FFA5FF75032CFE0AE622" blockId="4.[189,390,1266,1339]" box="[189,390,1312,1339]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">As for the genus.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3586506FF97FFA5FF750356FB8DE6DF" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF97FFA5FF750356FEC8E66C" blockId="4.[189,1398,1371,1479]" box="[189,324,1371,1397]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="D0B581E1FF97FFA5FF750356FEC8E66C" bold="true" box="[189,324,1371,1397]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="6">
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF97FFA5FF750356FEC8E66C" bold="true" box="[189,324,1371,1397]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Etymology</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF97FFA5FF750384FB8DE6DF" blockId="4.[189,1398,1371,1479]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">The species is named after the German Antarctic Station Neumayer III, the platform for all diving operations, from the vicinity of which the new medusa was discovered.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3586506FF97FFA5FF7503EBFD4DE5CA" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF97FFA5FF7503EBFE26E519" blockId="4.[189,426,1510,1536]" box="[189,426,1510,1536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="D0B581E1FF97FFA5FF7503EBFE26E519" bold="true" box="[189,426,1510,1536]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF97FFA5FF7503EBFE26E519" bold="true" box="[189,426,1510,1536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF97FFA5FF220018FED0E536" blockId="4.[189,1399,1557,1689]" box="[234,348,1557,1583]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="D0B581E1FF97FFA5FF220018FED0E536" bold="true" box="[234,348,1557,1583]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="6">
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF97FFA5FF220018FED0E536" bold="true" box="[234,348,1557,1583]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Holotype</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF97FFA5FF750035FBC9E581" blockId="4.[189,1399,1557,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF97FFA5FF750035FEF1E54B" box="[189,381,1592,1618]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antarctica">ANTARCTICA</taxonomicName>
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: ³, umbrella (U) = 6 mm wide, total diameter of medusa (D) from tip to tip of opposite tentacles = 17 mm, Atka Bay, 7–9 m, -70.533, -8.055, 12 Dec. 2015 (MHNG-INVE-93880), the medusa was attached to the last, hence youngest, stratum of the sub-ice platelet layer.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF97FFA5FF2200B5FD4DE5CA" blockId="4.[189,1399,1720,2028]" box="[234,705,1720,1747]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF97FFA5FF2200B5FEEBE5CB" bold="true" box="[234,359,1720,1746]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paratypes</emphasis>
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(station data as for holotype)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3586506FF97FFA8FF7500D6FED8E19C" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF97FFA5FF7500D6FEE4E4F5" blockId="4.[189,1399,1720,2028]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF97FFA5FF7500D6FEF1E5EC" box="[189,381,1755,1781]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pectis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antarctica">ANTARCTICA</taxonomicName>
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: 1 ³, U = 4 mm, D = 12 mm, 7–9 m, 12 Dec. 2015 (MHNG-INVE-93881); 2 medusae [♀: U = 5 mm, D = 16 mm; ³: U = 4 mm, D = not available (N.A.)], 0 m, 18 Dec. 2015 (MHNG- INVE-93882); 2 medusae (♀: U = 4.5 mm, D = 19 mm; ♀: U = 4 mm, D = N.A.), 12 m, 18 Dec. 2015 (MHNG-INVE-93883); 2 medusae (♀: U = 5 mm, D = 15 mm; ³: U = 4 mm, D = N.A.), 23 m, 18 Dec. 2015 (MHNG-INVE-93884); two medusae (³: U = 4 mm, D = 12 mm; ³: U = 3 mm, D = 10 mm), 5 m, 24 Dec. 2015 (MHNG-INVE-93886); 1 ³ medusa (U = 4 mm, D = 12 mm), 25 m, 24 Dec. 2015 (MHNG-INVE-93885); 1 ♀ medusa (U = 5 mm, D = 16 mm), 25 m, 27 Dec. 2015 (MHNG- INVE-93887).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF3D6605FF96FFA4FF75018BFD85E4FE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221251/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[189,1399,393,1882]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF96FFA4FF75018BFD85E4FE" blockId="5.[189,1399,1926,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF96FFA4FF75018BFE85E4B9" bold="true" box="[189,265,1926,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF96FFA4FEC7018AFB33E4B9" authority="Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer" authorityName="Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer" box="[271,1215,1926,1953]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Glaciambulata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="neumayeri">
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF96FFA4FEC7018AFDB0E4B9" box="[271,572,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Glaciambulata neumayeri</emphasis>
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Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer
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</taxonomicName>
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, gen. et sp. nov.
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF96FFA4FF7501A7FF7AE4DD" bold="true" box="[189,246,1962,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A–C</emphasis>
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. Living medusae.
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF96FFA4FE0601A7FD84E4DD" bold="true" box="[462,520,1962,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D–G</emphasis>
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. Preserved medusae in aboral (D, E) and oral (F, G) views. Scale bars: A, C = 5 mm; B, D–G = 2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF3D6605FF95FFA7FF7500F1FD05E4F3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221252/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[189,1399,265,1754]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF95FFA7FF7500F1FD05E4F3" blockId="6.[189,1399,1788,2026]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF95FFA7FF7500F1FE86E40F" bold="true" box="[189,266,1788,1814]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF95FFA7FED900F0FB4CE40E" authority="Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer" authorityName="Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer" box="[273,1216,1789,1815]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Glaciambulata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="neumayeri">
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF95FFA7FED900F0FDB2E40F" box="[273,574,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Glaciambulata neumayeri</emphasis>
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Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer
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</taxonomicName>
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, gen. et sp. nov.
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF95FFA7FF75012DFF5EE423" bold="true" box="[189,210,1824,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Arrangement pattern of the large, Fliform tentacles around the bell margin.
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF95FFA7FB49012DFB19E423" bold="true" box="[1153,1173,1824,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Aboral view of a medusa showing some radial and the ring canal.
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF95FFA7FD37014EFC98E444" bold="true" box="[767,788,1859,1885]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Distal part of an adhesive tentacle.
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF95FFA7FB0E014EFB57E444" bold="true" box="[1222,1243,1859,1885]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Portion of a Fliform tentacle, showing the arrangement of the nematocysts.
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF95FFA7FC51016BFC42E499" bold="true" box="[921,974,1894,1921]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E–F</emphasis>
|
||
. The mouth in frontal (E) and lateral (F) aspects.
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF95FFA7FE810184FE09E4BD" bold="true" box="[329,389,1929,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G–H</emphasis>
|
||
. Arrangement and structure of the gonads.
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF95FFA7FCB00187FC2DE4BD" bold="true" box="[888,929,1930,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">I–J</emphasis>
|
||
. Position of the statocysts (arrowheads).
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF95FFA7FF7501A0FF58E4DE" bold="true" box="[189,212,1965,1991]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">K</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-ups of three statocysts.
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF95FFA7FDF701A0FDDFE4DE" bold="true" box="[575,595,1965,1991]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">L</emphasis>
|
||
. Cnidome. Scale bars: G = 2 mm; A, B, H, I = 1 mm; E, F = 500 µm; C, J = 200 µm; K = 30 µm; L = 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF9BFFA9FF750706FEC2E23C" blockId="8.[189,1399,267,1642]" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<heading id="D0B581E1FF9BFFA9FF750706FEC2E23C" bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9BFFA9FF750706FEC2E23C" bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF9BFFA8FF750734FED8E19C" blockId="8.[189,1399,267,1642]" lastBlockId="9.[189,1399,267,645]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Medusa up to 19 mm wide from tip to tip of opposite tentacles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FC1C0734FB96E24D" box="[980,1050,313,340]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="5.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A – C. Living medusae. D – G. Preserved medusae in aboral (D, E) and oral (F, G) views. Scale bars: A, C = 5 mm; B, D – G = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221251/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Umbrella up to 6 mm in diameter, watch glass-shaped, evenly rounded, without marginal lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FBE00751FBE1E26E" box="[1064,1133,348,375]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="5.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A – C. Living medusae. D – G. Preserved medusae in aboral (D, E) and oral (F, G) views. Scale bars: A, C = 5 mm; B, D – G = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221251/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D–E). Mesoglea thin, thickening abruptly towards the margin, so as to accommodate a conspicuous belt of chordal cells, on which the tentacles are inserted; belt elongated-ovoid in cross section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FBC707AEFBDAE2A4" box="[1039,1110,419,445]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="8.[190,232,1717,1743]" captionText="Fig. 3 (previous page). Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A – B. Medusa in aboral (A) and oral (B) views. C. Aboral view of a medusa showing the arrangement of the upper row of large, Fliform tentacles. D – E. Oral views of two medusae showing the arrangement of their adhesive tentacles (D) and the position of the statocysts (E). F. Composition and arrangement of marginal tentacles in a specimen (large, empty circles = large, Fliform tentacles; small, empty circles = small, Fliform tentacles; small, black circles = adhesive tentacles; concentric circles, inner ones Flled in = adhesive tentacles with statocysts at their bases). G. Cross section through the umbrella margin (msg, mesoglea), showing insertion of tentacles (tt), the ring canal (r. c.), and the nematocyst ring (n. r.). Scale bars: A – E = 2 mm; G = 500 µm." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Exumbrellar surface smooth, devoid of ribs and grooves; epidermis with scattered nematocysts. Manubrium eight-lobed in proximal half, quadrangular in distal half, projecting beyond aperture of subumbrella; gastric cavity with smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FEEC0401FEEBE13E" box="[292,359,524,551]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="5.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A – C. Living medusae. D – G. Preserved medusae in aboral (D, E) and oral (F, G) views. Scale bars: A, C = 5 mm; B, D – G = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221251/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
G) to slightly convoluted surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FCC90401FCCFE13E" box="[769,835,524,551]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="5.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A – C. Living medusae. D – G. Preserved medusae in aboral (D, E) and oral (F, G) views. Scale bars: A, C = 5 mm; B, D – G = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221251/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F); mouth squared in contracted state (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FAC70401FADAE13E" box="[1295,1366,524,551]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="5.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A – C. Living medusae. D – G. Preserved medusae in aboral (D, E) and oral (F, G) views. Scale bars: A, C = 5 mm; B, D – G = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221251/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
G, 2E–F), and polygonal to almost rounded when distended (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FCBD043DFC35E153" box="[885,953,560,586]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="5.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A – C. Living medusae. D – G. Preserved medusae in aboral (D, E) and oral (F, G) views. Scale bars: A, C = 5 mm; B, D – G = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221251/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F); 4 simple lips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FB5C043DFB50E153" box="[1172,1244,560,586]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A. Arrangement pattern of the large, Fliform tentacles around the bell margin. B. Aboral view of a medusa showing some radial and the ring canal. C. Distal part of an adhesive tentacle. D. Portion of a Fliform tentacle, showing the arrangement of the nematocysts. E – F. The mouth in frontal (E) and lateral (F) aspects. G – H. Arrangement and structure of the gonads. I – J. Position of the statocysts (arrowheads). K. Close-ups of three statocysts. L. Cnidome. Scale bars: G = 2 mm; A, B, H, I = 1 mm; E, F = 500 µm; C, J = 200 µm; K = 30 µm; L = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221252/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E–F), devoid of nematocysts, but containing numerous ciliated cells in epidermis. Eight broad, laterally Fattened radial canals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FEA8047BFE29E189" box="[352,421,630,656]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="5.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A – C. Living medusae. D – G. Preserved medusae in aboral (D, E) and oral (F, G) views. Scale bars: A, C = 5 mm; B, D – G = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221251/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D–E, 2B), whose position coincides with that of the manubrial lobes, connect to an equally broad, circular canal, with thickened, granular walls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FCB60494FC4FE1AD" box="[894,963,665,692]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A. Arrangement pattern of the large, Fliform tentacles around the bell margin. B. Aboral view of a medusa showing some radial and the ring canal. C. Distal part of an adhesive tentacle. D. Portion of a Fliform tentacle, showing the arrangement of the nematocysts. E – F. The mouth in frontal (E) and lateral (F) aspects. G – H. Arrangement and structure of the gonads. I – J. Position of the statocysts (arrowheads). K. Close-ups of three statocysts. L. Cnidome. Scale bars: G = 2 mm; A, B, H, I = 1 mm; E, F = 500 µm; C, J = 200 µm; K = 30 µm; L = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221252/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B), and an oral-aboral Fattened lumen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FF0E04B1FE84E1CE" box="[198,264,700,727]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="8.[190,232,1717,1743]" captionText="Fig. 3 (previous page). Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A – B. Medusa in aboral (A) and oral (B) views. C. Aboral view of a medusa showing the arrangement of the upper row of large, Fliform tentacles. D – E. Oral views of two medusae showing the arrangement of their adhesive tentacles (D) and the position of the statocysts (E). F. Composition and arrangement of marginal tentacles in a specimen (large, empty circles = large, Fliform tentacles; small, empty circles = small, Fliform tentacles; small, black circles = adhesive tentacles; concentric circles, inner ones Flled in = adhesive tentacles with statocysts at their bases). G. Cross section through the umbrella margin (msg, mesoglea), showing insertion of tentacles (tt), the ring canal (r. c.), and the nematocyst ring (n. r.). Scale bars: A – E = 2 mm; G = 500 µm." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Centripetal canals absent. Eight well-developed, triangularly-shaped mesenteries connect each manubrial lobe to the subumbrella along each radial canal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FCA404EDFC3DE1E3" box="[876,945,736,762]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A. Arrangement pattern of the large, Fliform tentacles around the bell margin. B. Aboral view of a medusa showing some radial and the ring canal. C. Distal part of an adhesive tentacle. D. Portion of a Fliform tentacle, showing the arrangement of the nematocysts. E – F. The mouth in frontal (E) and lateral (F) aspects. G – H. Arrangement and structure of the gonads. I – J. Position of the statocysts (arrowheads). K. Close-ups of three statocysts. L. Cnidome. Scale bars: G = 2 mm; A, B, H, I = 1 mm; E, F = 500 µm; C, J = 200 µm; K = 30 µm; L = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221252/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G–H). Tentacles solid, circular in cross section; two types: Fliform and adhesive. Filiform tentacles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FC4D050EFC4AE004" box="[901,966,771,797]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="5.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A – C. Living medusae. D – G. Preserved medusae in aboral (D, E) and oral (F, G) views. Scale bars: A, C = 5 mm; B, D – G = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221251/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C, E–F) slightly constricted at origin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FF0E052BFE80E059" box="[198,268,806,832]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A. Arrangement pattern of the large, Fliform tentacles around the bell margin. B. Aboral view of a medusa showing some radial and the ring canal. C. Distal part of an adhesive tentacle. D. Portion of a Fliform tentacle, showing the arrangement of the nematocysts. E – F. The mouth in frontal (E) and lateral (F) aspects. G – H. Arrangement and structure of the gonads. I – J. Position of the statocysts (arrowheads). K. Close-ups of three statocysts. L. Cnidome. Scale bars: G = 2 mm; A, B, H, I = 1 mm; E, F = 500 µm; C, J = 200 µm; K = 30 µm; L = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221252/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A), then swollen and tapering gradually towards their tips; provided with successive, closely-set rings of nematocysts in epidermis throughout their length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FCA00544FC22E07D" box="[872,942,841,868]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A. Arrangement pattern of the large, Fliform tentacles around the bell margin. B. Aboral view of a medusa showing some radial and the ring canal. C. Distal part of an adhesive tentacle. D. Portion of a Fliform tentacle, showing the arrangement of the nematocysts. E – F. The mouth in frontal (E) and lateral (F) aspects. G – H. Arrangement and structure of the gonads. I – J. Position of the statocysts (arrowheads). K. Close-ups of three statocysts. L. Cnidome. Scale bars: G = 2 mm; A, B, H, I = 1 mm; E, F = 500 µm; C, J = 200 µm; K = 30 µm; L = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221252/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D); very contractile due to the presence of numerous, longitudinal myoepithelial cells; core composed of a mosaic of large, vacuolated cells (best seen in cross section), characteristically stacked along tentacle (particularly obvious in lateral view of tentacle). Adhesive tentacles stout and comparatively shorter than their Fliform counterparts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FF0E05DBFE8BE0E9" box="[198,263,982,1008]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="5.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A – C. Living medusae. D – G. Preserved medusae in aboral (D, E) and oral (F, G) views. Scale bars: A, C = 5 mm; B, D – G = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221251/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F–G), with similar internal structure, but epidermis with only very scattered nematocysts; distal ends with an adhesive pad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FDDD05F4FDECE70D" box="[533,608,1017,1044]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A. Arrangement pattern of the large, Fliform tentacles around the bell margin. B. Aboral view of a medusa showing some radial and the ring canal. C. Distal part of an adhesive tentacle. D. Portion of a Fliform tentacle, showing the arrangement of the nematocysts. E – F. The mouth in frontal (E) and lateral (F) aspects. G – H. Arrangement and structure of the gonads. I – J. Position of the statocysts (arrowheads). K. Close-ups of three statocysts. L. Cnidome. Scale bars: G = 2 mm; A, B, H, I = 1 mm; E, F = 500 µm; C, J = 200 µm; K = 30 µm; L = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221252/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Sixteen groups of tentacles originate from the bell margin: 8 are perradial and 8 interradial (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FDFE0211FDF7E72E" box="[566,635,1052,1079]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="5.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A – C. Living medusae. D – G. Preserved medusae in aboral (D, E) and oral (F, G) views. Scale bars: A, C = 5 mm; B, D – G = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221251/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D); each group composed of (at least) three horizontal rows of superimposed tentacles; an aboral view of the exumbrella identiFes each group through the presence of three large, adjacent, Fliform tentacles, pointing both outwards and aborally, and representing the two proximal, aboral rows, their bases forming a triangle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FCBE028BFC32E7B9" box="[886,958,1158,1184]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="5.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A – C. Living medusae. D – G. Preserved medusae in aboral (D, E) and oral (F, G) views. Scale bars: A, C = 5 mm; B, D – G = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221251/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
D, 2A, 3C); a third, more distal row, inserts close to lower side of umbrella margin, and is composed of a number of alternating adhesive and Fliform tentacles, the latter being comparatively shorter than their counterparts from the two rows above (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FEDE02FDFEECE613" box="[278,352,1264,1290]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="5.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A – C. Living medusae. D – G. Preserved medusae in aboral (D, E) and oral (F, G) views. Scale bars: A, C = 5 mm; B, D – G = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221251/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F–G; 3D); two adjacent adhesive tentacles in each group are typically perradial (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FA8A02FDFF44E634" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="5.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A – C. Living medusae. D – G. Preserved medusae in aboral (D, E) and oral (F, G) views. Scale bars: A, C = 5 mm; B, D – G = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221251/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
G; 3D); number of additional tentacles in each group varied, and impossible to ascertain due to their crowded condition; however, 2–4 adhesive (exclusive of the perradial ones) and 2–4 Fliform tentacles occur within each octant; the outermost adhesive tentacles (exclusive of the perradial ones) on both sides of each octant bear a free, ecto-endodermal statocyst at their bases (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FB890371FB04E68E" box="[1089,1160,1404,1431]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="8.[190,232,1717,1743]" captionText="Fig. 3 (previous page). Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A – B. Medusa in aboral (A) and oral (B) views. C. Aboral view of a medusa showing the arrangement of the upper row of large, Fliform tentacles. D – E. Oral views of two medusae showing the arrangement of their adhesive tentacles (D) and the position of the statocysts (E). F. Composition and arrangement of marginal tentacles in a specimen (large, empty circles = large, Fliform tentacles; small, empty circles = small, Fliform tentacles; small, black circles = adhesive tentacles; concentric circles, inner ones Flled in = adhesive tentacles with statocysts at their bases). G. Cross section through the umbrella margin (msg, mesoglea), showing insertion of tentacles (tt), the ring canal (r. c.), and the nematocyst ring (n. r.). Scale bars: A – E = 2 mm; G = 500 µm." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E–F); consequently, each medusa is provided with 16 of these sensory structures; statocysts small, short-stalked, with single, spherical statolith (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FE5603CEFE69E6C4" box="[414,485,1475,1501]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A. Arrangement pattern of the large, Fliform tentacles around the bell margin. B. Aboral view of a medusa showing some radial and the ring canal. C. Distal part of an adhesive tentacle. D. Portion of a Fliform tentacle, showing the arrangement of the nematocysts. E – F. The mouth in frontal (E) and lateral (F) aspects. G – H. Arrangement and structure of the gonads. I – J. Position of the statocysts (arrowheads). K. Close-ups of three statocysts. L. Cnidome. Scale bars: G = 2 mm; A, B, H, I = 1 mm; E, F = 500 µm; C, J = 200 µm; K = 30 µm; L = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221252/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
I–K). A conspicuous and continuous cushion of nematocysts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FB7603CEFA89E6C4" box="[1214,1285,1475,1501]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="5.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A – C. Living medusae. D – G. Preserved medusae in aboral (D, E) and oral (F, G) views. Scale bars: A, C = 5 mm; B, D – G = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221251/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F–G, 2I), the insertion point of which is situated on the inner side of the distalmost row of tentacles, projects into the subumbrella and cups the lower side of the circular canal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FC210004FBBCE53D" box="[1001,1072,1545,1572]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="8.[190,232,1717,1743]" captionText="Fig. 3 (previous page). Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A – B. Medusa in aboral (A) and oral (B) views. C. Aboral view of a medusa showing the arrangement of the upper row of large, Fliform tentacles. D – E. Oral views of two medusae showing the arrangement of their adhesive tentacles (D) and the position of the statocysts (E). F. Composition and arrangement of marginal tentacles in a specimen (large, empty circles = large, Fliform tentacles; small, empty circles = small, Fliform tentacles; small, black circles = adhesive tentacles; concentric circles, inner ones Flled in = adhesive tentacles with statocysts at their bases). G. Cross section through the umbrella margin (msg, mesoglea), showing insertion of tentacles (tt), the ring canal (r. c.), and the nematocyst ring (n. r.). Scale bars: A – E = 2 mm; G = 500 µm." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G, n.r.). A velum is absent, with not even a vestige discernible. The gonads develop on each manubrial lobe; 8 broadly ovoid pairs are distinguished; members of each pair are separated by a mesentery (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9BFFA9FBC7005DFBD6E573" box="[1039,1114,1616,1642]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A. Arrangement pattern of the large, Fliform tentacles around the bell margin. B. Aboral view of a medusa showing some radial and the ring canal. C. Distal part of an adhesive tentacle. D. Portion of a Fliform tentacle, showing the arrangement of the nematocysts. E – F. The mouth in frontal (E) and lateral (F) aspects. G – H. Arrangement and structure of the gonads. I – J. Position of the statocysts (arrowheads). K. Close-ups of three statocysts. L. Cnidome. Scale bars: G = 2 mm; A, B, H, I = 1 mm; E, F = 500 µm; C, J = 200 µm; K = 30 µm; L = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221252/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G–H, 3B); male gonads smooth-walled, comprising a translucent, moderately thick layer of sperm cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9AFFA8FB6F0706FB63E23C" box="[1191,1263,267,293]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="5.[189,231,1926,1952]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[189,1399,393,1882]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A – C. Living medusae. D – G. Preserved medusae in aboral (D, E) and oral (F, G) views. Scale bars: A, C = 5 mm; B, D – G = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221251/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
G); female gonads with bumped surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9AFFA8FDD20723FDECE250" box="[538,608,302,329]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A. Arrangement pattern of the large, Fliform tentacles around the bell margin. B. Aboral view of a medusa showing some radial and the ring canal. C. Distal part of an adhesive tentacle. D. Portion of a Fliform tentacle, showing the arrangement of the nematocysts. E – F. The mouth in frontal (E) and lateral (F) aspects. G – H. Arrangement and structure of the gonads. I – J. Position of the statocysts (arrowheads). K. Close-ups of three statocysts. L. Cnidome. Scale bars: G = 2 mm; A, B, H, I = 1 mm; E, F = 500 µm; C, J = 200 µm; K = 30 µm; L = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221252/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G), oocytes rather small and numerous, though their precise number could not be ascertained in Fxed material. Cnidome (measurements given for undischarged capsules): 1) microbasic euryteles [7.69–8.04 µm long (7.87±0.18 µm, n=17), 4.89–5.59 µm wide (5.17±0.18 µm, n=17)], in tentacles and also scattered in exumbrella (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9AFFA8FC890795FC04E2AB" box="[833,904,408,434]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A. Arrangement pattern of the large, Fliform tentacles around the bell margin. B. Aboral view of a medusa showing some radial and the ring canal. C. Distal part of an adhesive tentacle. D. Portion of a Fliform tentacle, showing the arrangement of the nematocysts. E – F. The mouth in frontal (E) and lateral (F) aspects. G – H. Arrangement and structure of the gonads. I – J. Position of the statocysts (arrowheads). K. Close-ups of three statocysts. L. Cnidome. Scale bars: G = 2 mm; A, B, H, I = 1 mm; E, F = 500 µm; C, J = 200 µm; K = 30 µm; L = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221252/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
L6–8); 2) two size classes of stenoteles (in exumbrella, tentacles, outer wall of manubrium, gonads, and mesenteries),
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9AFFA8FB8C07B1FBE9E2CC" box="[1092,1125,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">viz</emphasis>
|
||
. small, ovoid capsules [8.04–10.13 µm long (9.01±0.62 µm, n=19), 7.34–9.44 µm wide (7.98±0.61 µm, n=19)] (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9AFFA8FB3007D3FAB3E2E0" box="[1272,1343,478,505]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A. Arrangement pattern of the large, Fliform tentacles around the bell margin. B. Aboral view of a medusa showing some radial and the ring canal. C. Distal part of an adhesive tentacle. D. Portion of a Fliform tentacle, showing the arrangement of the nematocysts. E – F. The mouth in frontal (E) and lateral (F) aspects. G – H. Arrangement and structure of the gonads. I – J. Position of the statocysts (arrowheads). K. Close-ups of three statocysts. L. Cnidome. Scale bars: G = 2 mm; A, B, H, I = 1 mm; E, F = 500 µm; C, J = 200 µm; K = 30 µm; L = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221252/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
L4, 5) and large, nearly spherical capsules [12.28–15.73 µm long (14.44±1.22 µm, n=16), 11.88–15.73 µm wide (14.28±1.40 µm, n=16)] (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9AFFA8FDFD0428FDF1E126" box="[565,637,549,575]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A. Arrangement pattern of the large, Fliform tentacles around the bell margin. B. Aboral view of a medusa showing some radial and the ring canal. C. Distal part of an adhesive tentacle. D. Portion of a Fliform tentacle, showing the arrangement of the nematocysts. E – F. The mouth in frontal (E) and lateral (F) aspects. G – H. Arrangement and structure of the gonads. I – J. Position of the statocysts (arrowheads). K. Close-ups of three statocysts. L. Cnidome. Scale bars: G = 2 mm; A, B, H, I = 1 mm; E, F = 500 µm; C, J = 200 µm; K = 30 µm; L = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221252/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
L1–3). Color: mesoglea and tentacles translucent; walls of radial and circular canals crowded with white pigment granules; gonads, manubrium, and nematocyst ring milky-white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF3D6605FF9BFFA9FF7600B8FD48E4F3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF9BFFA9FF7600B8FD48E4F3" blockId="8.[190,1399,1717,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9BFFA9FF7600B8FE8DE5D6" bold="true" box="[190,257,1717,1743]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3</emphasis>
|
||
(previous page).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF9BFFA9FE0000B8FAFFE5D6" authority="Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer" authorityName="Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer" box="[456,1395,1717,1744]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Glaciambulata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="neumayeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9BFFA9FE0000B8FD78E5D6" box="[456,756,1717,1743]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Glaciambulata neumayeri</emphasis>
|
||
Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, gen. et sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9BFFA9FEBA00D5FE26E5EA" bold="true" box="[370,426,1752,1779]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A–B</emphasis>
|
||
. Medusa in aboral (A) and oral (B) views.
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9BFFA9FC5600D5FC3FE5EB" bold="true" box="[926,947,1752,1778]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Aboral view of a medusa showing the arrangement of the upper row of large, Fliform tentacles.
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9BFFA9FC9400F1FC1FE40F" bold="true" box="[860,915,1788,1814]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">D–E</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral views of two medusae showing the arrangement of their adhesive tentacles (D) and the position of the statocysts (E).
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9BFFA9FB440112FB12E420" bold="true" box="[1164,1182,1823,1849]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Composition and arrangement of marginal tentacles in a specimen (large, empty circles = large, Fliform tentacles; small, empty circles = small, Fliform tentacles; small, black circles = adhesive tentacles; concentric circles, inner ones Flled in = adhesive tentacles with statocysts at their bases).
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9BFFA9FC700185FC43E4BB" bold="true" box="[952,975,1928,1954]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Cross section through the umbrella margin (
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9BFFA9FEE801A0FEC2E4DF" box="[288,334,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">msg</emphasis>
|
||
, mesoglea), showing insertion of tentacles (
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9BFFA9FC8601A0FCD2E4DF" box="[846,862,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">tt</emphasis>
|
||
), the ring canal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9BFFA9FBEE01A0FBC5E4DF" box="[1062,1097,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">r.c.</emphasis>
|
||
), and the nematocyst ring (
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9BFFA9FF0F01DDFF60E4F0" box="[199,236,2000,2025]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">n.r.</emphasis>
|
||
). Scale bars: A–E = 2 mm; G = 500 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3586506FF9AFFA8FF7504A4FD91E664" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF9AFFA8FF7504A4FEA3E1DA" blockId="9.[189,303,681,707]" box="[189,303,681,707]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<heading id="D0B581E1FF9AFFA8FF7504A4FEA3E1DA" bold="true" box="[189,303,681,707]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9AFFA8FF7504A4FEA3E1DA" bold="true" box="[189,303,681,707]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF9AFFA8FF7504DAFB89E042" blockId="9.[189,1399,727,860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">There is generally one statocyst at the base of each of the outermost adhesive tentacle (exclusive of the perradial ones) in each octant. However, two exceptions to this rule have been observed: 1) a couple of statocysts occurred concomitantly in association with the insertion point of an adhesive tentacle; 2) a statocyst arose at the base of a Fliform, instead of an adhesive, tentacle.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF9AFFA8FF750572FCE5E750" blockId="9.[189,1399,895,1097]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The tentacle arrangement illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9AFFA8FD420572FD41E080" box="[650,717,895,921]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="8.[190,232,1717,1743]" captionText="Fig. 3 (previous page). Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A – B. Medusa in aboral (A) and oral (B) views. C. Aboral view of a medusa showing the arrangement of the upper row of large, Fliform tentacles. D – E. Oral views of two medusae showing the arrangement of their adhesive tentacles (D) and the position of the statocysts (E). F. Composition and arrangement of marginal tentacles in a specimen (large, empty circles = large, Fliform tentacles; small, empty circles = small, Fliform tentacles; small, black circles = adhesive tentacles; concentric circles, inner ones Flled in = adhesive tentacles with statocysts at their bases). G. Cross section through the umbrella margin (msg, mesoglea), showing insertion of tentacles (tt), the ring canal (r. c.), and the nematocyst ring (n. r.). Scale bars: A – E = 2 mm; G = 500 µm." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F exempliFes the case of a single specimen provided with a fair number of tentacles, and whose proper observations were possible due to its remarkable state of relaxation. However, the possibility cannot be excluded that, in medusae with a more signiFcant number of tentacles, their arrangement may extend to more than three superimposed rows. Such specimens occur in the present collection, but the number and crowded condition of their tentacles prevented us from making accurate observations without injuring them.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF9AFFA8FF750261FD91E664" blockId="9.[189,1399,1132,1405]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The microbasic euryteles are tear drop-shaped and contain a short shaft with a thread forming four complete coils (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9AFFA8FEBF029DFE30E7B3" box="[375,444,1168,1194]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A. Arrangement pattern of the large, Fliform tentacles around the bell margin. B. Aboral view of a medusa showing some radial and the ring canal. C. Distal part of an adhesive tentacle. D. Portion of a Fliform tentacle, showing the arrangement of the nematocysts. E – F. The mouth in frontal (E) and lateral (F) aspects. G – H. Arrangement and structure of the gonads. I – J. Position of the statocysts (arrowheads). K. Close-ups of three statocysts. L. Cnidome. Scale bars: G = 2 mm; A, B, H, I = 1 mm; E, F = 500 µm; C, J = 200 µm; K = 30 µm; L = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221252/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
L6, 7). No evaginated capsules were observed in Fxed material, but their discharge was obtained upon a brief treatment with domestic bleach. In this case, a distally-swollen shaft, about as long as the capsule itself, bearing a few prominent spines apically, and with a long, distal thread covered with a succession of minute, closely-set, spirally-coiled spines, appeared (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13792A08FF9AFFA8FB8A02F4FB07E60A" box="[1090,1163,1273,1299]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1399,265,1754]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Glaciambulata neumayeri Galea, Roder, Walcher, Warmuth, Kohlberg & Fischer, gen. et sp. nov. A. Arrangement pattern of the large, Fliform tentacles around the bell margin. B. Aboral view of a medusa showing some radial and the ring canal. C. Distal part of an adhesive tentacle. D. Portion of a Fliform tentacle, showing the arrangement of the nematocysts. E – F. The mouth in frontal (E) and lateral (F) aspects. G – H. Arrangement and structure of the gonads. I – J. Position of the statocysts (arrowheads). K. Close-ups of three statocysts. L. Cnidome. Scale bars: G = 2 mm; A, B, H, I = 1 mm; E, F = 500 µm; C, J = 200 µm; K = 30 µm; L = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221252/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
L8). These capsules proved identical to those described and illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF9AFFA8FC8F0311FB97E62E" author="Hesthagen I. H." box="[839,1051,1308,1335]" journalOrPublisher="Norwegian Journal of Zoology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 19" part="19" refString="Hesthagen I. H. 1971. On the biology of the bottom-dwelling Trachymedusa Tesserogastria musculosa Beyer. Norwegian Journal of Zoology 19 (1): 1 - 19." title="On the biology of the bottom-dwelling Trachymedusa Tesserogastria musculosa Beyer" type="journal article" year="1971">Hesthagen (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF9AFFA8FB8E0310FEC2E643" authority="Beyer, 1959" authorityName="Beyer" authorityYear="1959" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Tesserogastria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="musculosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9AFFA8FB8E0310FAFBE62F" box="[1094,1399,1308,1334]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tesserogastria musculosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF9AFFA8FF75034DFEC2E643" author="Beyer F." box="[189,334,1343,1370]" journalOrPublisher="Nytt Magasin for Zoologi" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="121 - 143" part="6" refString="Beyer F. 1959. A new, bottom-living trachymedusa from the Oslofjord. Description of the species, and a general discussion of the life conditions and fauna of the fjord deeps. Nytt Magasin for Zoologi 6: 121 - 143." title="A new, bottom-living trachymedusa from the Oslofjord. Description of the species, and a general discussion of the life conditions and fauna of the fjord deeps" type="journal article" year="1959">Beyer, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and are, most probably, of the same type as those found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF9AFFA8FBD9034DFD95E664" authority="Allman, 1878 (Panteleeva et al. 1999)" authorityName="Allman, 1878 (Panteleeva et al." authorityYear="1999" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Ptychogastria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9AFFA8FBD9034DFA9DE643" box="[1041,1297,1344,1370]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ptychogastria polaris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF9AFFA8FADF034DFF74E664" author="Allman G. J." editor="Feilden H. W." journalOrPublisher="G. S. Nares" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="290 - 292" part="2" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6828" refString="Allman G. J. 1878. Appendix No. XI. Hydrozoa. In: Feilden H. W. (ed.) Narrative of a voyage to the Polar Sea during 1875 - 6 in H. M. ships " Alert " and " Discovery " by Capt. G. S. Nares 2: 290 - 292. Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, London. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6828" title="Appendix No. XI. Hydrozoa" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Narrative of a voyage to the Polar Sea during 1875 - 6 in H. M. ships " Alert " and " Discovery " by Capt" year="1878">Allman, 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF9AFFA8FECF036EFD9CE664" author="Panteleeva N. N. & Frolova E. A. & Sheiko O. V." box="[263,528,1379,1405]" journalOrPublisher="Polar Biology" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="372 - 378" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050431" refString="Panteleeva N. N., Frolova E. A. & Sheiko O. V. 1999. New records of the benthic medusa Ptychogastria polaris Allman, 1878 (Trachylida, Hydroidea) in the Barents Sea and off the Kurile Islands (PaciFc Ocean). Polar Biology 22: 372 - 378. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 003000050431" title="New records of the benthic medusa Ptychogastria polaris Allman, 1878 (Trachylida, Hydroidea) in the Barents Sea and off the Kurile Islands (PaciFc Ocean)" type="book chapter" year="1999">
|
||
Panteleeva
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9AFFA8FE470369FE4FE664" box="[399,451,1379,1405]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3586506FF9AFFA8FF7503ADFE1DE518" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF9AFFA8FF7503ADFE1DE518" blockId="9.[189,1399,1440,1537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Through the courtesy of Peter Schuchert of MHNG, the 16S and COI sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF9AFFA8FB0E03ADFEB5E6C7" ID-CoL="3G4D6" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Glaciambulata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="neumayeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9AFFA8FB0E03ADFEB5E6C7" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Glaciambulata neumayeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov. will be published on GenBank, once both the generic and speciFc names become available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3586506FF9AFFA8FF750028FE2AE4B3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF9AFFA8FF750028FEACE526" blockId="9.[189,1399,1573,1962]" box="[189,288,1573,1599]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<heading id="D0B581E1FF9AFFA8FF750028FEACE526" bold="true" box="[189,288,1573,1599]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9AFFA8FF750028FEACE526" bold="true" box="[189,288,1573,1599]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ecology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF9AFFA8FF75005EFE2AE4B3" blockId="9.[189,1399,1573,1962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Individuals were encountered attached upside down to the ice disks of the lowermost stratum of the subice platelet layer. Their distribution was patchy, ranging from areas devoid of animals to densities of up to 200 individuals/m2. The uppermost, Fliform tentacles were typically extended into the underlying water column, undulating under the impact of water motion, while their adhesive counterparts were Frmly attached to the ice discs. The medusae could only be relocated from the ice by melting the substratum. Their mouths were stuck out towards the ice disks, and it is likely that the animals feed by grazing on algae and bacteria. The animals appeared to be incapable of swimming as they would sink immediately when detached from their ice disks. A perceptible movement, i.e. crawling, was not observed
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9AFFA8FB330147FACFE47A" box="[1275,1347,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
, but was nevertheless evident in aquaria, where individuals held for other purposes changed positions within the tanks overnight.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3586506FF99FFABFF750706FC30E24D" box="[189,956,267,340]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF99FFABFF750706FEDAE23C" blockId="10.[189,342,267,293]" box="[189,342,267,293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<heading id="D0B581E1FF99FFABFF750706FEDAE23C" bold="true" box="[189,342,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF99FFABFF750706FEDAE23C" bold="true" box="[189,342,267,293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF99FFABFF750737FC30E24D" blockId="10.[189,956,313,340]" box="[189,956,313,340]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Known only from Atka Bay, eastern Weddell Sea (present study).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |