788 lines
61 KiB
XML
788 lines
61 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac063" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7690954" checkinTime="1677744395091" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Macaluso, Loredana, Wencker, Lukardis C M, Castrovilli, Maria, Carnevale, Giorgio & Delfino, Massimo" docDate="2023" docId="9750C307FFBE4C08FD11F0E0FA17FAA5" docLanguage="en" docName="zlac063.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197 (3)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/197/3/569/6693955" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Amphibia LINNAEUS 1758" docType="key" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="614" masterDocId="6B69BB7FFF954C25FFBFF368FF87FFC2" masterDocTitle="A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations" masterLastPageNumber="619" masterPageNumber="569" pageNumber="612" updateTime="1677864431566" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A comparative atlas of selected skeletal elements of European urodeles (Amphibia: Urodela) for palaeontological investigations</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Macaluso, Loredana</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wencker, Lukardis C M</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Castrovilli, Maria</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carnevale, Giorgio</mods:namePart>
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||
</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||
</mods:role>
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||
<mods:namePart>Delfino, Massimo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-03-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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||
<mods:number>197</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>569</mods:start>
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<mods:end>619</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/197/3/569/6693955</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac063</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7690954</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9750C307FFBE4C08FD11F0E0FA17FAA5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9750C307FFBE4C08FD11F0E0FA17FAA5" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="614" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
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<table box="[163,1444,884,1875]" colsContinueIn="44.[144,1427,195,1876]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
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<subSubSection box="[686,921,904,929]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="43.[686,921,904,929]" box="[686,921,904,929]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
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IDENTIFICATION
|
||
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="PH" ID-ENA="8292" authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[876,921,907,927]" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="43" pageNumber="612" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">KEY</taxonomicName>
|
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[183,472,944,968]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,472,944,968]" box="[183,472,944,968]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<heading box="[183,472,944,968]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="612" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis box="[183,472,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">Otic–occipitum complex</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="612" type="key">
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||
<key pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
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||
<keyStep pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
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||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1425,984,1681]" box="[183,1424,984,1006]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,984,1006]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
1. Smooth otic–occipitum complex, with no parietal crest and no parotic crest and process ....
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dubois" authorityYear="1984" box="[1250,1424,984,1006]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Speleomantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="43" pageNumber="612" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1250,1424,984,1006]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">Speleomantes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1425,984,1681]" box="[183,1424,1015,1037]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,1015,1037]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">- Different from above ..........................................................................................................................................2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1425,984,1681]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
2. Middle depression with small foramina at the bottom and tuberculum at the posterior end of the prominentia semicircularis anterioris ....................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" box="[1236,1424,1076,1098]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="43" pageNumber="612" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1236,1424,1076,1098]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">Salamandrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1425,984,1681]" box="[183,1424,1107,1129]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,1107,1129]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">- Different from above ..........................................................................................................................................3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1425,984,1681]" box="[183,1424,1137,1160]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,1137,1160]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
3. Middle depression among prominentiae occupied by a fourth small prominentia .....................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1864" box="[1286,1424,1137,1159]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Chioglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="43" pageNumber="612" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1286,1424,1137,1159]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">Chioglossa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1425,984,1681]" box="[183,1424,1168,1190]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,1168,1190]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<emphasis box="[183,191,1169,1190]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">-</emphasis>
|
||
Different from above ..........................................................................................................................................4
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1425,984,1681]" box="[183,1424,1199,1221]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,1199,1221]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">4. In ventral view, fenestra basicranialis posterioris entirely covered by crista retrosellaris...........................5</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1425,984,1681]" box="[183,1424,1230,1252]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,1230,1252]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<emphasis box="[183,191,1230,1251]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">-</emphasis>
|
||
Fenestra basicranialis posterioris visible in ventral view...............................................................................6
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1425,984,1681]" box="[183,1424,1260,1282]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,1260,1282]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
5. Ventral spine present anterior to basicapsular commissure.......................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Michahelles" authorityYear="1830" box="[1276,1424,1260,1282]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Pleurodeles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="43" pageNumber="612" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1276,1424,1260,1282]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">Pleurodeles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1425,984,1681]" box="[183,1424,1291,1313]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,1291,1313]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
- Ventral spine absent ....................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garsault" authorityYear="1764" box="[1263,1424,1291,1313]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="43" pageNumber="612" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1263,1424,1291,1313]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">Salamandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1425,984,1681]" box="[183,1424,1321,1344]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,1321,1344]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
6. Crista retrosellaris covering the anterior half of the fenestra basicranialis ............................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="WAGA" authorityYear="1876" box="[1266,1424,1321,1343]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Mertensiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="43" pageNumber="612" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1266,1424,1321,1343]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">Mertensiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1425,984,1681]" box="[183,1425,1352,1374]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1425,1352,1374]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">- Crista retrosellaris absent.................................................................................................................................7</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1425,984,1681]" box="[183,1424,1383,1405]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,1383,1405]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
7. In lateral view, parotic process ventrally concave and small fenestra ovalis ...............................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1858" box="[1292,1424,1383,1405]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Calotriton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="43" pageNumber="612" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1292,1424,1383,1405]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">Calotriton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1425,984,1681]" box="[183,1425,1414,1436]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1425,1414,1436]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">- In lateral view, parotic process not ventrally concave and wide fenestra ovalis ............................................8</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1425,984,1681]" box="[183,1424,1444,1466]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,1444,1466]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
8. Middle depression with small foramina at the bottom...................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gene" authorityYear="1839" box="[1294,1424,1445,1466]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Euproctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="43" pageNumber="612" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1294,1424,1445,1466]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">Euproctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1425,984,1681]" box="[183,1425,1475,1497]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1425,1475,1497]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">- Smooth middle depression ................................................................................................................................9</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1425,984,1681]" box="[183,1424,1505,1528]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,1505,1528]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
9. In ventral view, low or absent medial crest ...............................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="SONNINI & LATREILLE" authorityYear="1801" box="[1256,1424,1505,1527]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Ichthyosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="43" pageNumber="612" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1256,1424,1505,1527]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">Ichthyosaura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1425,984,1681]" box="[183,1424,1536,1558]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,1536,1558]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">- In ventral view, medial crest high...................................................................................................................10</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1425,984,1681]" box="[183,1424,1567,1589]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,1567,1589]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
10. Parotic process rectangular in anterior and posterior views, minimally laterally extended......
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1839" box="[1286,1424,1567,1588]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Lissotriton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="43" pageNumber="612" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1286,1424,1567,1588]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">Lissotriton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1425,984,1681]" box="[183,1424,1598,1620]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,1598,1620]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">- Parotic process laterally extended and sub-triangular in anterior and posterior views .............................11</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1425,984,1681]" box="[183,1425,1628,1650]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1425,1628,1650]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
11. Low parotic crest, equally high throughout its length............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[1244,1425,1628,1649]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Ommatotriton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="43" pageNumber="612" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1244,1425,1628,1649]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">Ommatotriton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1425,984,1681]" box="[183,1425,1659,1681]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1425,1659,1681]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
- High parotic crest, generally higher close to the parietal crest ........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[1317,1425,1659,1680]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Triturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="43" pageNumber="612" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1317,1425,1659,1680]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">Triturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[183,260,1737,1761]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,260,1737,1761]" box="[183,260,1737,1761]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<heading box="[183,260,1737,1761]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="612" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis box="[183,260,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">Atlas+</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="613" pageId="43" pageNumber="612" type="key">
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<key lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="613" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
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||
<keyStep pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1424,1778,1861]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
1. Strongly dorsoventrally compressed confluent occipital joints, with reduced horizontal odontoid process dorsal to them .......................................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LAURENTI" authorityYear="1768" box="[1327,1424,1809,1830]" class="Amphibia" family="Proteidae" genus="Proteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="43" pageNumber="612" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1327,1424,1809,1830]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">Proteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[183,1424,1778,1861]" box="[183,1424,1839,1861]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,1839,1861]" pageId="43" pageNumber="612">- Different from above ..........................................................................................................................................2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<table box="[144,1427,195,1876]" colsContinueFrom="43.[163,1444,884,1875]" colsContinueIn="45.[163,1444,196,1399]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyStep pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,217,1005]" box="[165,1406,217,239]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1406,217,239]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">2. Neural bulge or two articular surfaces instead of neural crest.......................................................................3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,217,1005]" box="[165,1406,248,270]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1406,248,270]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">- No neural bulge or articular surfaces (walls of neural arch fused).................................................................4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,217,1005]" box="[165,1407,278,300]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1407,278,300]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
3. Articular surface of the odontoid process unseparated ........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="DYBOWKI" authorityYear="1870" box="[1213,1407,278,300]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Salamandrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1213,1407,278,300]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Salamandrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,217,1005]" box="[165,1407,309,331]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1407,309,331]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
- Articular surface of the odontoid process clearly separated....................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dubois" authorityYear="1984" box="[1233,1407,309,331]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Speleomantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1233,1407,309,331]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Speleomantes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,217,1005]" box="[165,1406,339,362]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1406,339,362]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
4. High neural crest, posteriorly forked with lateral eversion ..................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" box="[1218,1406,339,361]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1218,1406,339,361]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Salamandrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,217,1005]" box="[165,1406,370,392]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1406,370,392]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">- Different from above ..........................................................................................................................................5</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,217,1005]" box="[165,1406,401,423]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1406,401,423]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
5. Horizontal dorsal edge of the neural arch in lateral view and neural crest low or absent......
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="WAGA" authorityYear="1876" box="[1248,1406,401,423]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Mertensiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1248,1406,401,423]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Mertensiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,217,1005]" box="[165,1407,432,454]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1407,432,454]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">- Different from above ..........................................................................................................................................6</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,217,1005]" box="[165,1407,462,484]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1407,462,484]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
6. Dorsal portion of the neural arch with several small foramina in posterior view .....................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Michahelles" authorityYear="1830" box="[1259,1407,462,484]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Pleurodeles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1259,1407,462,484]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Pleurodeles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,217,1005]" box="[165,1407,493,515]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1407,493,515]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">- Different from above ..........................................................................................................................................7</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,217,1005]" box="[165,1406,523,546]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1406,523,546]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
7. Triangular neural canal ..............................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garsault" authorityYear="1764" box="[1245,1406,523,545]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1245,1406,523,545]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Salamandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,217,1005]" box="[165,1407,554,576]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1407,554,576]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">- Circular neural canal.........................................................................................................................................8</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,217,1005]" box="[165,1407,585,607]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1407,585,607]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">8. Low neural crest, neither posteriorly enlarged nor forked (or absent)...........................................................9</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,217,1005]" box="[165,1406,616,638]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1406,616,638]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">- Low neural crest, posteriorly enlarged ...........................................................................................................10</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,217,1005]" box="[165,1407,646,668]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1407,646,668]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
9. Neural spine present**.....................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gene" authorityYear="1839" box="[1277,1407,647,668]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Euproctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1277,1407,647,668]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Euproctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,217,1005]" box="[165,1406,677,699]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1406,677,699]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
- Neural spine absent.........................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1858" box="[1274,1406,677,699]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Calotriton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1274,1406,677,699]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Calotriton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,217,1005]" box="[165,1407,708,730]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1407,708,730]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
10. Low or absent secondary crests ...............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[1226,1407,708,729]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Ommatotriton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1226,1407,708,729]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Ommatotriton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,217,1005]" box="[165,1406,738,760]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1406,738,760]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">- Marked secondary crests.................................................................................................................................11</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,217,1005]" box="[165,1406,769,791]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1406,769,791]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
11. Articular facets of odontoid process not contacting each other (large groove between them)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="SONNINI & LATREILLE" authorityYear="1801" box="[1238,1406,769,791]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Ichthyosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1238,1406,769,791]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Ichthyosaura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,217,1005]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="44" pageNumber="613">- Articular facets of odontoid process contacting each other or slightly separated (narrow groove between them)..................................................................................................................................................12</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,217,1005]" box="[165,1407,861,883]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1407,861,883]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
12. Blade-like neural and secondary crests marked in anterior view ....................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[1299,1407,861,882]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Triturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1299,1407,861,882]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Triturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,217,1005]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
- Neural and secondary crests not marked in anterior view ..........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1839" box="[1269,1407,892,913]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Lissotriton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1269,1407,892,913]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Lissotriton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
*
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1864" box="[178,301,922,943]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Chioglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[178,301,922,943]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Chioglossa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not included in the key because the only available atlas is too incomplete. **In
|
||
<specimenCount box="[226,386,953,975]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[403,487,953,974]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">MDHC</collectionCode>
|
||
507) the neural spine is not present; the diagnosis is identical to the one of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1858" box="[165,281,984,1005]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Calotriton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[165,281,984,1005]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Calotriton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[165,411,1062,1086]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,411,1062,1086]" box="[165,411,1062,1086]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<heading box="[165,411,1062,1086]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis box="[165,411,1062,1086]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Precaudal vertebrae</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="614" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" type="key">
|
||
<key lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="614" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyStep pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,1102,1860]" box="[165,1406,1102,1124]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1406,1102,1124]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">1. Amphicoelous vertebrae ....................................................................................................................................2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,1102,1860]" box="[165,1406,1133,1155]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1406,1133,1155]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">- Opisthocoelous vertebrae ..................................................................................................................................4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,1102,1860]" box="[165,1406,1164,1186]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1406,1164,1186]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">2. No ventral crests and keels ...............................................................................................................................3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,1102,1860]" box="[165,1407,1194,1216]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1407,1194,1216]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
- Wide ventral crests and ventral keel...................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LAURENTI" authorityYear="1768" box="[1310,1407,1195,1216]" class="Amphibia" family="Proteidae" genus="Proteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1310,1407,1195,1216]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Proteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,1102,1860]" box="[165,1407,1225,1247]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1407,1225,1247]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
3. Foramen on the lateral wall of the neural arch present..........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dubois" authorityYear="1984" box="[1233,1407,1225,1247]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Speleomantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1233,1407,1225,1247]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Speleomantes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,1102,1860]" box="[165,1407,1255,1278]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1407,1255,1278]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
- Foramen on the lateral wall of the neural arch absent ........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="DYBOWKI" authorityYear="1870" box="[1213,1407,1255,1277]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Salamandrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1213,1407,1255,1277]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Salamandrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,1102,1860]" box="[165,1406,1286,1308]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1406,1286,1308]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
4. High, forked neural crest (with lateral lips)...........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" box="[1218,1406,1286,1308]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1218,1406,1286,1308]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Salamandrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,1102,1860]" box="[165,1407,1317,1339]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1407,1317,1339]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">- Different from above ..........................................................................................................................................5</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,1102,1860]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="44" pageNumber="613">5. Dorsoventrally compressed vertebra (only one-fifth of the vertebra height formed by the neural arch dorsal to postzygapophyses), with low anterior zygapophyseal crests poorly visible in lateral view ......................6</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,1102,1860]" box="[165,1407,1409,1431]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1407,1409,1431]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">- Different from above ..........................................................................................................................................8</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,1102,1860]" box="[165,1406,1439,1462]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1406,1439,1462]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
6. Length approximately equal to width of the vertebra ...............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garsault" authorityYear="1764" box="[1245,1406,1439,1461]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1245,1406,1439,1461]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Salamandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,1102,1860]" box="[165,1407,1470,1492]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1407,1470,1492]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">- Elongate vertebrae.............................................................................................................................................7</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,1102,1860]" box="[165,1406,1501,1523]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1406,1501,1523]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
7. Prezygapophyses not markedly laterally extended from the neural arch...................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1864" box="[1268,1406,1501,1523]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Chioglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1268,1406,1501,1523]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Chioglossa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,1102,1860]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
- Prezygapophyses laterally projecting from the neural arch (vertebra with an overall hourglass-shape) ......................................................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="WAGA" authorityYear="1876" box="[1248,1406,1562,1584]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Mertensiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1248,1406,1562,1584]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Mertensiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,1102,1860]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
8. Anterior zygapophyseal crests contacting parapophyses or lamina of transverse processes or ventral half of diapophysis.................................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Michahelles" authorityYear="1830" box="[1259,1407,1623,1645]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Pleurodeles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1259,1407,1623,1645]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Pleurodeles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,1102,1860]" box="[165,1407,1654,1676]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1407,1654,1676]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">- Anterior zygapophyseal crests contacting dorsal half of diapophyses............................................................9</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,1102,1860]" box="[165,1407,1685,1707]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1407,1685,1707]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
9. In anterior view, foramen at the base of parapophyses wide .................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[1226,1407,1685,1706]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Ommatotriton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1226,1407,1685,1706]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Ommatotriton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,1102,1860]" box="[165,1406,1716,1738]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1406,1716,1738]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">- In anterior view, foramen at the base of parapophyses small .......................................................................10</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,1102,1860]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
10. Dorsoventrally compressed vertebra (only one-fifth of the vertebra height formed by the neural arch dorsal to postzygapophyses) ...........................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[1299,1407,1777,1798]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Triturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1299,1407,1777,1798]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">Triturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,1102,1860]" box="[165,1406,1808,1830]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyLead box="[165,1406,1808,1830]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">- One-third of the vertebra formed by neural crest/arch dorsal to postzygapophyses ...................................11</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyLead lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="614" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<keyStep lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="614" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[165,1407,1102,1860]" box="[165,1406,1838,1860]" pageId="44" pageNumber="613">
|
||
11. Wide, equidimensional prezygapophyses (circular or quadrangular)...........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1858" box="[1274,1406,1838,1860]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Calotriton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="44" pageNumber="613" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Calotriton</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<table box="[163,1444,196,1399]" colsContinueFrom="44.[144,1427,195,1876]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1424,217,362]" box="[183,1424,217,239]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">- Elliptical prezygapophyses..............................................................................................................................12</paragraph>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1424,217,362]" box="[183,1424,248,270]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,248,270]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
12. High, posteriorly forked neural crest and condyle visible for most of its length in dorsal view ..
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gene" authorityYear="1839" box="[1294,1424,248,269]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Euproctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="45" pageNumber="614" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1294,1424,248,269]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">Euproctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1424,217,362]" box="[183,1424,278,300]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,278,300]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">- Different from above ........................................................................................................................................13</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1424,217,362]" box="[183,1424,309,331]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,309,331]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
13. In dorsal view, medial edges of the prezygapophyseal facets generally anteriorly diverging........
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="SONNINI & LATREILLE" authorityYear="1801" box="[1261,1424,309,331]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Ichthyosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="45" pageNumber="614" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1261,1424,309,331]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">Ichthyosaura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1424,217,362]" box="[183,1424,340,362]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,340,362]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
- In dorsal view, medial edges of the prezygapophyseal facets generally parallel.........................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1839" box="[1286,1424,340,361]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Lissotriton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="45" pageNumber="614" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1286,1424,340,361]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">Lissotriton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[183,394,402,426]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,394,402,426]" box="[183,394,402,426]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<heading box="[183,394,402,426]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="614" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis box="[183,394,402,426]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">Caudal vertebrae</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="614" type="key">
|
||
<key pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyStep pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" box="[183,1424,442,464]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,442,464]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">1. Amphicoelous vertebrae ....................................................................................................................................2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" box="[183,1424,473,495]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,473,495]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">- Opisthocoelous vertebrae ..................................................................................................................................4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" box="[183,1424,504,526]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,504,526]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">2. Posterior, dorsal bulge present ..........................................................................................................................3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" box="[183,1425,534,556]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1425,534,556]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
- Dorsal bulge absent, and forked posterior edge of the neural arch ...................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="LAURENTI" authorityYear="1768" box="[1328,1425,535,556]" class="Amphibia" family="Proteidae" genus="Proteus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="45" pageNumber="614" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1328,1425,535,556]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">Proteus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
3. Transverse processes expanded in dorsal view and slightly dorsally concave in anterior view ....................................................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dubois" authorityYear="1984" box="[1251,1425,595,617]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Speleomantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="45" pageNumber="614" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1251,1425,595,617]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">Speleomantes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
- Transverse processes sub-rectangular in dorsal view and ventrally pointing in anterior view .................................................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="DYBOWKI" authorityYear="1870" box="[1231,1425,657,679]" class="Amphibia" family="Hynobiidae" genus="Salamandrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="45" pageNumber="614" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1231,1425,657,679]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">Salamandrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="45" pageNumber="614">4. Low and wide neural arch dorsal to postzygapophyses (neural arch dorsal to postzygapophyses flattened) ............................................................................................................................................................................5</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="45" pageNumber="614">- High and narrow neural arch dorsal to postzygapophyses (neural arch dorsal to postzygapophyses not flattened) ............................................................................................................................................................6</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" box="[183,1424,810,832]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,810,832]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
5. High neural and haemal crest ....................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="WAGA" authorityYear="1876" box="[1266,1424,810,832]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Mertensiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="45" pageNumber="614" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1266,1424,810,832]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">Mertensiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" box="[183,1424,841,863]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,841,863]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
- Low haemal crest, and neural crest high only in its mid-length...............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garsault" authorityYear="1764" box="[1263,1424,841,863]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="45" pageNumber="614" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1263,1424,841,863]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">Salamandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
6. M-shaped transverse processes and anterior and posterior ventral crests forming an angle <130° in lateral view...........................................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" box="[1236,1424,902,924]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="45" pageNumber="614" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1236,1424,902,924]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">Salamandrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" box="[183,1425,933,955]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1425,933,955]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">- Different from above ..........................................................................................................................................7</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
7. Posterior area of the dorsal surface of the neural arch and of the ventral surface of the haemal arch perforated .......................................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Michahelles" authorityYear="1830" box="[1277,1425,994,1016]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Pleurodeles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="45" pageNumber="614" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1277,1425,994,1016]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">Pleurodeles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" box="[183,1425,1025,1047]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1425,1025,1047]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">- Different from above ..........................................................................................................................................8</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" box="[183,1425,1056,1078]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1425,1056,1078]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">8. Wide foramen on the lateral surface of the haemal arch ................................................................................9</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" box="[183,1424,1086,1108]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,1086,1108]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">- Small foramen or no foramen on the lateral surface of the haemal arch .....................................................10</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
9. Height/length ratio ~1.3–1.4, and transverse processes in lateral view, laminar and anteroventrally inclined ......................................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1850" box="[1243,1424,1148,1169]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Ommatotriton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="45" pageNumber="614" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1243,1424,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">Ommatotriton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" box="[183,1425,1178,1200]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1425,1178,1200]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
- Height/length ratio <1.3, and transverse processes different from above .......................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[1317,1425,1178,1199]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Triturus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="45" pageNumber="614" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1317,1425,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">Triturus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" box="[183,1425,1209,1231]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1425,1209,1231]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
10. Transverse processes triangular in anterior view ..........................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gene" authorityYear="1839" box="[1295,1425,1209,1230]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Euproctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="45" pageNumber="614" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1295,1425,1209,1230]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">Euproctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" box="[183,1424,1240,1262]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,1240,1262]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">- Transverse processes different from above ....................................................................................................11</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" box="[183,1424,1270,1292]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,1270,1292]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
11. Transverse processes posteriorly concave in lateral view .............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1858" box="[1292,1424,1270,1292]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Calotriton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="45" pageNumber="614" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1292,1424,1270,1292]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">Calotriton</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" box="[183,1424,1301,1323]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,1301,1323]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">- Transverse processes different from above ....................................................................................................12</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" box="[183,1425,1331,1354]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1425,1331,1354]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
12. Height/length ratio> 1.4 ................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Uulgaris" authorityName="Uulgaris" box="[1174,1425,1331,1353]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Lissotriton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="45" pageNumber="614" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1174,1425,1331,1353]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">Lissotriton Uulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[183,1425,442,1384]" box="[183,1424,1362,1384]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
<keyLead box="[183,1424,1362,1384]" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">
|
||
- Height/length ratio ~1.3–1.4 .............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="SONNINI & LATREILLE" authorityYear="1801" box="[976,1144,1362,1384]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Ichthyosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="45" pageNumber="614" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[976,1144,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">Ichthyosaura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/other
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1227,1424,1362,1383]" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Lissotriton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="45" pageNumber="614" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1227,1365,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="614">Lissotriton</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |