491 lines
56 KiB
XML
491 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="0A4EFCC717F5DD03C11400D40F05FBA8" ID-CLB-Dataset="30550" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4392.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6b2ac420-3c8e-429e-9497-562945198c5a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1196169" ID-ZooBank="8621C6F2-C541-4771-A813-3034CC3E352D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1520855224477" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Passos, Paulo, Prudente, Ana L. C., Ramos, Luciana O., Caicedo-Portilla, José Rances & Lynch, John D." docDate="2018" docId="0F7C87F4FFA4DD0591866A175EDF9AAA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4392.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4392 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Apostolepis gaigeae Savage 1955" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="506" masterDocId="F345FF8CFFA8DD0A91116D385A239D75" masterDocTitle="Species delimitations in the Atractus collaris complex (Serpentes: Dipsadidae)" masterLastPageNumber="520" masterPageNumber="491" pageNumber="503" updateTime="1698529573174" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="117AAA890D7BECB1C3A4D966742E6376">Species delimitations in the Atractus collaris complex (Serpentes: Dipsadidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="37293025487D685DAD4661C1F134FD85" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="19514F4BFE4C8E6BC97453C34FE496D1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5E6C354389741042A9C76C3B400B82A7">Passos, Paulo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B05020390DAF0150F658DD30C1F900F8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="756FDCD42F16A8885AC95BE019CB2E39">Prudente, Ana L. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="0B81E7C8F5EA55811D291565B4163E62" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="50CCB5D9C259578AF0BE74AB20BB3C61">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9994D16B43F8A8C475A68B670FBAC788">Ramos, Luciana O.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="4A52AB391DEB4F766666F0E36109C9A2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5560C6584C5C9D6979B33EFA2E26F1A2">Caicedo-Portilla, José Rances</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="8119DEEDBF85029C4EB44F28BD82DACE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7C7597DE0E55DEEAF2488BE92E70913D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B9B2F7AEFD2A4F94CA28999A5700B9DD">Lynch, John D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="40359B68CA9D644F3A4767D3CDEB5E93">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="59AEA8E5B2E909763EAB23E8EE6D7165">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="31D1C2231440F4497EEA523518598E81">
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<mods:date id="46185017E43ABDC2D61BD0EC41D9A7DB">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="83AA9C80EDB7FBCDC0D7DBE0DC66B7D4">2018-03-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="31E6CF63623CD763CBFA2A8A8A026AEB">4392</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0F7C87F4FFA4DD0591866A175EDF9AAA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5963620" ID-GBIF-Taxon="142212286" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5963620" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F7C87F4FFA4DD0591866A175EDF9AAA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0F7C87F4FFA4DD0591866A175EDF9AAA" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="506" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">
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<subSubSection id="CFCF6569FFA4DD0691866A175B139A1F" pageId="12" pageNumber="503" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="876A36E2FFA4DD0691866A1758299A3F" blockId="12.[151,522,1839,1899]" box="[151,522,1839,1866]" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">
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<heading id="DC22818EFFA4DD0691866A1758299A3F" bold="true" box="[151,522,1839,1866]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="503" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA4DD0691866A1758299A3F" bold="true" box="[151,522,1839,1866]" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">
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||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA4DD0691866A175ADD9A3C" bold="true" box="[151,254,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">Atractus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA4DD0690146A1758299A3F" authority="Savage, 1955" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1955" box="[261,522,1839,1866]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Apostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigeae">
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<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA4DD0690146A175B419A3C" bold="true" box="[261,354,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">gaigeae</emphasis>
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Savage, 1955
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="876A36E2FFA4DD0691866A6A5B139A1F" blockId="12.[151,522,1839,1899]" box="[151,304,1874,1899]" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">
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<figureCitation id="1FEE2A67FFA4DD0691866A6A5B359A1E" box="[151,278,1874,1899]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[160,1432,193,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[160,1432,193,1892]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. GENERAL VIEW IN LIFE OF Atractus collaris (A–B) BOTH SPECIMENS FROM MADRE SELVA, OROSA RIVER AND A THIRD INDIVIDUAL (C) FROM SANTA CRUZ, MAZAN RIVER, BOTH LOCALITIES IN THE IqUITOS REGION, DEPARTMENT OF LORETO, PERU; AND Atractus gaigeae (D, QCAZ 8339) FROM COMUNIDAD TARANGARO,CAMPO VILLANO, PROVINCE OF PASTAZA,ECUADOR.PHOTOS A–C BY MATTEW CAGE (SPECIMENS NOT PRESERVED IN SCIENTIFIC COLLECTIONS) AND PHOTO D BY DIEGO PAUCAR AND REPTILIAWEBECUADOR." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1196175/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">Figures 3D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1FEE2A67FFA4DD0690336A6B5B139A1F" box="[290,304,1875,1898]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,193,1950]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[162,1427,193,1952]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. DORSAL (A), LATERAL (B) AND VENTRAL (C) VIEWS OF HEAD,AND DORSAL (D) AND LATERAL (E)VIEWS OF BODY OF THE HOLOTYPE OF Atractus gaigeae (UMMZ 82887) FROM THE PROVINCE OF ZAMORA-CHINCHIPE,ECUADOR WITHOUT PRECISE LOCATION." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1196183/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">7</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="CFCF6569FFA4DD0791866AAD5F1E9DB9" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="504" pageId="12" pageNumber="503" type="description">
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<paragraph id="876A36E2FFA4DD0691866AAD58AC9ABF" blockId="12.[151,1294,1941,2024]" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">
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<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA4DD0691866AAD5BB19ADE" authorityName="Bocourt" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,402,1941,1963]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Rhabdosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatum">
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<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA4DD0691866AAD5BB19ADE" box="[151,402,1941,1963]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">Rhabdosoma maculatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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BOCOURTI 1883: 540. [ZMB
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<typeStatus id="586E8840FFA4DD0693BE6AAD592F9ADE" box="[687,780,1941,1963]" pageId="12" pageNumber="503" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
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FROM
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<collectingCountry id="FFC27672FFA4DD06925B6AAD59809ADE" box="[842,931,1941,1963]" name="Ecuador" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
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; SEE SAVAGE (1955, 1960)] (IN PART).
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<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA4DD0691866A8C5B7C9ABF" box="[151,351,1972,1994]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">Atractus bocourti—</emphasis>
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BOULENGER 1896:645 (IN PART).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="876A36E2FFA4DD0691866AEB5BDA9A9D" blockId="12.[151,1294,1941,2024]" box="[151,505,2002,2024]" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">
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||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA4DD0691866AEB5ACE9A9D" box="[151,237,2003,2024]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">Atractus</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA4DD0691E26AEB5BF49A9D" authority="SAVAGE, 1955" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1955" box="[243,471,2002,2024]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Apostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="12" pageNumber="503" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigeae">
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||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA4DD0691E26AEB5B609A9D" box="[243,323,2003,2024]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">gaigeae</emphasis>
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SAVAGE, 1955
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</taxonomicName>
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:12.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="876A36E2FFA5DD0791866DA158869DDB" blockId="13.[151,1341,152,205]" box="[151,677,152,174]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
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<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0791866DA15BB49DDB" box="[151,407,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
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||
Atractus
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<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA5DD0791E26DA05B639DDB" authorityName="Peracca" authorityYear="1897" box="[243,320,152,174]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Apostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="collaris">collaris</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA5DD0790566DA15BB49DDB" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1955" box="[327,407,153,174]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Apostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigeae">gaigeae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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—DIxON & SOINI 1977:34.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="876A36E2FFA5DD0791866D8F5F1E9DB9" blockId="13.[151,1341,152,205]" box="[151,1341,182,205]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
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||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0791866D8F5B609DB8" box="[151,323,183,205]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
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Atractus
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<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA5DD0791E26D805B609DB8" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1955" box="[243,323,184,205]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Apostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigeae">gaigeae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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—LEHR 2002:204 [INDIRECTLY, BY RESTORING THE SPECIFIC RANK FOR THE FORMER SPECIES,
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<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0795956D8F5F0D9DB9" box="[1156,1326,182,204]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
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Atractus
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<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA5DD0795F06D8E5F0D9DB9" authorityName="Peracca" authorityYear="1897" box="[1249,1326,182,204]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Apostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="collaris">collaris</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="CFCF6569FFA5DD0791866DCE5BA99F55" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="876A36E2FFA5DD0791866DCE58F59C24" blockId="13.[151,1437,246,1944]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
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||
<materialsCitation id="37BD3CBFFFA5DD0791866DCE58F59C24" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1835059065" collectionCode="UMMZ" collectorName="Clarence Altenberg & G. Buttler" country="Ecuador" location="Santiago-Zamora" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" specimenCode="UMMZ 82887" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0791866DCE5B289C7B" bold="true" box="[151,267,246,271]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<typeStatus id="586E8840FFA5DD0791866DCE5B279C7A" box="[151,260,246,271]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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</emphasis>
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Adult male (
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||
<specimenCode id="D7739E99FFA5DD07908F6DCF58669C7A" box="[414,581,247,271]" collectionCode="UMMZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">UMMZ 82887</specimenCode>
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||
) collected by
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||
<collectorName id="2A205334FFA5DD0793F26DCE599E9C7A" box="[739,957,246,271]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Clarence Altenberg</collectorName>
|
||
and Bancroft
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||
<collectorName id="2A205334FFA5DD07954C6DCF5EE99C7A" box="[1117,1226,246,271]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">G. Buttler</collectorName>
|
||
on 1935 without a precise location in the province of
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||
<collectingRegion id="4511F800FFA5DD0793346C2F58DA9C45" box="[549,761,279,304]" country="Ecuador" name="Zamora-Chinchipe" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Zamora-Chinchipe</collectingRegion>
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||
(formerly
|
||
<location id="820A6039FFA5DD0792646C2F5E1F9C45" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0F7C87F4FFA4DD0591866A175EDF9AAA:820A6039FFA5DD0792646C2F5E1F9C45" box="[885,1084,279,304]" country="Ecuador" name="Santiago-Zamora" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" stateProvince="Zamora-Chinchipe">Santiago-Zamora</location>
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||
),
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||
<collectingCountry id="FFC27672FFA5DD0795416C2F5E8C9C45" box="[1104,1199,279,304]" name="Ecuador" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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||
. The specimen has a midventral incision exposing some viscera (
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<figureCitation id="1FEE2A67FFA5DD0793956C0158EB9C24" box="[644,712,313,338]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,193,1950]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[162,1427,193,1952]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. DORSAL (A), LATERAL (B) AND VENTRAL (C) VIEWS OF HEAD,AND DORSAL (D) AND LATERAL (E)VIEWS OF BODY OF THE HOLOTYPE OF Atractus gaigeae (UMMZ 82887) FROM THE PROVINCE OF ZAMORA-CHINCHIPE,ECUADOR WITHOUT PRECISE LOCATION." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1196183/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="876A36E2FFA5DD0791D66C625BA99F55" blockId="13.[151,1437,246,1944]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0791D66C625B659C06" bold="true" box="[199,326,346,371]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<typeStatus id="586E8840FFA5DD0791D66C625B629C06" box="[199,321,346,371]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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All specimens from the provinces of
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<collectingRegion id="4511F800FFA5DD0792116C63591E9C07" box="[768,829,347,370]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Napo</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion id="4511F800FFA5DD0792686C6359F39C07" box="[889,976,347,370]" country="Ecuador" name="Pastaza" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Pastaza</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="FFC27672FFA5DD0792CF6C625E639C06" box="[990,1088,346,371]" name="Ecuador" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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||
: male (
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||
<collectionCode id="E1C4AE27FFA5DD0795846C635ECF9C06" box="[1173,1260,347,371]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">AMNH</collectionCode>
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35891) from a locality between Baños (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E2E15025FFA5DD0790A46C4558309CE0" box="[437,531,379,405]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" precision="925" value="-1.4166666">
|
||
01
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0790C06C435BFF9CE0" box="[465,476,379,405]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">°</emphasis>
|
||
25’S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E2E15025FFA5DD0793326C4558AF9CE0" box="[547,652,379,405]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" precision="925" value="-78.55">
|
||
78
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD07932E6C4358699CE0" box="[575,586,379,405]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">°</emphasis>
|
||
33’W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) and Canelos; female (
|
||
<collectionCode id="E1C4AE27FFA5DD07928B6C4559DC9CE0" box="[922,1023,381,405]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fxd1-0prj" name="California Academy of Sciences, Stanford University Collection" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">CAS-SU</collectionCode>
|
||
15619) and male (
|
||
<collectionCode id="E1C4AE27FFA5DD0795CC6C455F619CE0" box="[1245,1346,381,405]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fxd1-0prj" name="California Academy of Sciences, Stanford University Collection" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">CAS-SU</collectionCode>
|
||
15620) from Canelos (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E2E15025FFA5DD07905A6C985B899CCD" box="[331,426,414,440]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" precision="925" value="-1.5833333">
|
||
01
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0790796CA65B509CCD" box="[360,371,414,440]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">°</emphasis>
|
||
35’S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E2E15025FFA5DD0790AC6C9858059CCD" box="[445,550,414,440]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" precision="925" value="-77.75">
|
||
77
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0790C86CA65BC79CCD" box="[473,484,414,440]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">°</emphasis>
|
||
45’W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; ca.
|
||
<quantity id="402D9B07FFA5DD0793746C9858959CCD" box="[613,694,416,440]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" unit="m" value="490.0">490 m</quantity>
|
||
); male (
|
||
<collectionCode id="E1C4AE27FFA5DD07920C6C9859A09CCD" box="[797,899,416,440]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fxd1-0prj" name="California Academy of Sciences, Stanford University Collection" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">CAS-SU</collectionCode>
|
||
15621) from headwaters of Bobonaza River (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E2E15025FFA5DD07918E6CFA5ADD9CAF" box="[159,254,448,474]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" precision="925" value="-1.4666667">
|
||
01
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0791AD6CF85AE49CAF" box="[188,199,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">°</emphasis>
|
||
28’S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E2E15025FFA5DD07901C6CFA5B549CAF" box="[269,375,448,475]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" precision="925" value="-53.666668">
|
||
53
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0790386CF85B179CAF" box="[297,308,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">°</emphasis>
|
||
40’W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; ca.
|
||
<quantity id="402D9B07FFA5DD0790BE6CFA5BDF9CAF" box="[431,508,450,475]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
|
||
); male
|
||
<collectionCode id="E1C4AE27FFA5DD0793456CFB58AA9CAF" box="[596,649,451,474]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y3s2-2p0h" name="Escuela Polytecnica Nacional" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">EPN</collectionCode>
|
||
8693 (formerly
|
||
<collectionCode id="E1C4AE27FFA5DD0792586CFB595D9CAF" box="[841,894,451,474]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y3s2-2p0h" name="Escuela Polytecnica Nacional" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">EPN</collectionCode>
|
||
48) from Bobonaza River, Sarayacu (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E2E15025FFA5DD0794296CFA5FB49CAF" box="[1336,1431,448,474]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" precision="925" value="-1.7333333">
|
||
01
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0794456CF85F7C9CAF" box="[1364,1375,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">°</emphasis>
|
||
44’S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E2E15025FFA5DD0791866CDE5B229C88" box="[151,257,483,509]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" precision="925" value="-77.48333">
|
||
77
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0791A26CDB5A9D9C88" box="[179,190,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">°</emphasis>
|
||
29’W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; ca.
|
||
<quantity id="402D9B07FFA5DD07902D6CDD5BA89C88" box="[316,395,485,509]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
||
); and
|
||
<collectionCode id="E1C4AE27FFA5DD0790C86CDE582D9C88" box="[473,526,486,509]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y3s2-2p0h" name="Escuela Polytecnica Nacional" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">EPN</collectionCode>
|
||
female 5272 (formerly
|
||
<collectionCode id="E1C4AE27FFA5DD07923C6CDE59419C88" box="[813,866,486,509]" country="Ecuador" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y3s2-2p0h" name="Escuela Polytecnica Nacional" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">EPN</collectionCode>
|
||
46) from Bobonaza River, Chichirota (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E2E15025FFA5DD0794276CDD5FB59C88" box="[1334,1430,483,509]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" precision="925" value="-2.5333333">
|
||
02
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0794456CDB5F7C9C88" box="[1364,1375,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">°</emphasis>
|
||
32’S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E2E15025FFA5DD0791866F3F5B229F55" box="[151,257,518,544]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" precision="925" value="-76.65">
|
||
76
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0791A26F3E5A9D9F55" box="[179,190,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">°</emphasis>
|
||
39’W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; ca.
|
||
<quantity id="402D9B07FFA5DD0790226F3F5B5D9F55" box="[307,382,519,544]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CFCF6569FFA5DD0791D66F11590199CE" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="876A36E2FFA5DD0791D66F11598A9960" blockId="13.[151,1437,246,1944]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0791D66F115B629F35" bold="true" box="[199,321,553,578]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD07905A6F11582F9F34" box="[331,524,553,577]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
|
||
Atractus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA5DD0790A26F12582F9F34" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1955" box="[435,524,554,577]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Apostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigeae">gaigeae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is distinguished from all congeners, except for those species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA5DD0794356F115FB89F34" authorityName="Peracca" authorityYear="1897" box="[1316,1435,553,577]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Apostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="collaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0794356F115FB89F34" box="[1316,1435,553,577]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">A. collaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group (see below the distinction among these members), by having one (usually) or two (rarely) apical pits on dorsal scales of both sexes and supracloacal tubercles on cloacal region of mature males (Passos
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0794146F555F149FF1" box="[1285,1335,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013b). Additionally, the following combination of morphological characters is unique from the species and also distinguishes it from any other species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0793676F9758F69FB3" box="[630,725,687,710]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Atractus</emphasis>
|
||
: (1) dorsal scale rows 17/17/17 with apical pits on both sexes and supracloacal tubercles in mature males; (2) postoculars usually one in female and two in males; (3) loreal moderately long, contacting first three supralabials (4) temporals 1+2; (5) seven supralabials, third and fourth contacting eye; (6) infralabials six or seven, first three contacting chinshield; (7) maxillary teeth usually five or six; (8) gular scale rows usually four; (9) preventrals four; (10) ventrals
|
||
<quantity id="402D9B07FFA5DD0792B26E0C5E079E38" box="[931,1060,820,845]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2578" metricValueMax="5.4356" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" unit="in" value="207.0" valueMax="214.0" valueMin="200.0">200–214 in</quantity>
|
||
females,
|
||
<quantity id="402D9B07FFA5DD0795826E0C5F379E38" box="[1171,1300,820,845]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8514" metricValueMax="5.0292" metricValueMin="4.6736" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" unit="in" value="191.0" valueMax="198.0" valueMin="184.0">184–198 in</quantity>
|
||
males; (11) subcaudals
|
||
<quantity id="402D9B07FFA5DD07900B6E6E5B5E9E1B" box="[282,381,853,878]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.476999999999999" metricValueMax="7.112" metricValueMin="5.842" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" unit="in" value="25.5" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="23.0">23–28 in</quantity>
|
||
females,
|
||
<quantity id="402D9B07FFA5DD0790FA6E6E586C9E1B" box="[491,591,853,878]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.271" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="8.382" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" unit="in" value="36.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="33.0">33–40 in</quantity>
|
||
males; (12) dorsum of head dark brown with an incomplete occipital light collar, dorsal ground color of body brown with paired paravertebral black spots and longitudinal stripes (rarely with vertebral but usually with dorsolateral lines); (13) belly almost immaculate cream, except for lateral edges of ventral scales dark brown forming paraventral lines; (14) small body size, females reaching
|
||
<quantity id="402D9B07FFA5DD0795A16E815F2D9EA4" box="[1200,1294,953,978]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" unit="mm" value="295.0">295 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, males
|
||
<quantity id="402D9B07FFA5DD0791866EE25AD59E87" box="[151,246,986,1011]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.66" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" unit="mm" value="266.0">266 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL; (15) small tail length in females (7.1–12.5% SVL), moderately long in males (11.7–15.9% SVL); (16) hemipenis moderately bilobed, non-capitate and non-calyculated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="876A36E2FFA5DD0791D66925590199CE" blockId="13.[151,1437,246,1944]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0791D669255B4F9940" bold="true" box="[199,364,1053,1078]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0790696926581F9940" box="[376,572,1054,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
|
||
Atractus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA5DD0790F26926581F9940" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1955" box="[483,572,1054,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Apostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigeae">gaigeae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from all members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA5DD0792DA69265E679940" authorityName="Peracca" authorityYear="1897" box="[971,1092,1053,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Apostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="collaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0792DA69265E679940" box="[971,1092,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">A. collaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA5DD07949569265B6B9923" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Apostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alphonsenhogei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD07949569265B6B9923" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">A. alphonsenhogei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD079094690758209923" box="[389,515,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA5DD07909469075BDC9923" authorityName="Peracca" authorityYear="1897" box="[389,511,1086,1110]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Apostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="collaris">A. collaris</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in having first supralabial contacting loreal (vs. first supralabial not contacting loreal in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA5DD0791EF69585BA59902" box="[254,390,1120,1143]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Apostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caxiuana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0791EF69585BA59902" box="[254,390,1120,1143]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">A. caxiuana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA5DD07908769585810990D" authorityName="Prudente & Passos" authorityYear="2010" box="[406,563,1120,1144]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Apostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoogmoedi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD07908769585810990D" box="[406,563,1120,1144]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">A. hoogmoedi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA5DD079352695858E8990D" authorityName="Prudente & Passos" authorityYear="2008" box="[579,715,1120,1144]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Apostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surucucu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD079352695858E8990D" box="[579,715,1120,1144]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">A. surucucu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA5DD07921D69585953990D" baseAuthorityName="Prudente & Passos" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[780,880,1120,1144]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Apostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zidoki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD07921D69585953990D" box="[780,880,1120,1144]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">A. zidoki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA5DD07929869585E209902" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1955" box="[905,1027,1120,1143]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Apostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigeae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD07929869585E209902" box="[905,1027,1120,1143]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">A. gaigeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from both species in having 200–214 ventrals in females,
|
||
<quantity id="402D9B07FFA5DD0790F969BA584A99EF" box="[488,617,1153,1178]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8514" metricValueMax="5.0292" metricValueMin="4.6736" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" unit="in" value="191.0" valueMax="198.0" valueMin="184.0">184–198 in</quantity>
|
||
males (vs.
|
||
<quantity id="402D9B07FFA5DD0793FC69B9594D99EF" box="[749,878,1153,1178]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3053" metricValueMax="4.4704" metricValueMin="4.1402" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" unit="in" value="169.5" valueMax="176.0" valueMin="163.0">163–176 in</quantity>
|
||
females,
|
||
<quantity id="402D9B07FFA5DD0792CC69B95E7D99EF" box="[989,1118,1153,1178]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9624" metricValueMax="4.1148" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" unit="in" value="156.0" valueMax="162.0" valueMin="150.0">150–162 in</quantity>
|
||
males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA5DD0795C169BA5FB799EC" box="[1232,1428,1153,1177]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Apostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alphonsehogei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0795C169BA5FB799EC" box="[1232,1428,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">A. alphonsehogei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<quantity id="402D9B07FFA5DD0791D7699A5B6699CE" box="[198,325,1186,1211]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4831" metricValueMax="4.7244" metricValueMin="4.2418" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" unit="in" value="176.5" valueMax="186.0" valueMin="167.0">167–186 in</quantity>
|
||
females,
|
||
<quantity id="402D9B07FFA5DD0790A0699A581399CE" box="[433,560,1186,1211]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1021" metricValueMax="4.5212" metricValueMin="3.683" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" unit="in" value="161.5" valueMax="178.0" valueMin="145.0">145–178 in</quantity>
|
||
males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA5DD07938C699B593299CE" authorityName="Peracca" authorityYear="1897" box="[669,785,1187,1211]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Apostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="collaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD07938C699B593299CE" box="[669,785,1187,1211]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">A. collaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CFCF6569FFA5DD0591D669FC5BF09A05" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="506" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="876A36E2FFA5DD0791D669FC5EF79B87" blockId="13.[151,1437,246,1944]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD0791D669FC5B7A99A8" bold="true" box="[199,345,1220,1245]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Head slightly distinct from body, twice as long as wide, and arched in lateral view; snout rounded in dorsal view and truncated in lateral view; rostrum-orbit distance about half of head length; nostril-orbit distance equivalent to pre-frontal length; interorbital distance equivalent to parietal length; rostral subpyramidal in frontal view, wider than high, and visible in dorsal view; internasals slightly wider than long; internasal suture sinistral with respect to prefrontal suture; prefrontal as wide as long; supraocular subtrapezoidal in dorsal view, about two times as long as wide; frontal subpyramidal, as long as wide; parietal about twice as long as wide; nasal divided; nostril between prenasal and postnasal; prenasal about twice as high as long; postnasal shorter than prenasal, as high as long; loreal long, contacting first three supralabials; pupil round; usually one postocular (73% on both sides and 91% only on one side) in females (
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD07935A68F7587A9893" box="[587,601,1487,1510]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 22 sides) and two postoculars (<80%) similar in height in males (
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA5DD07944468F75F409893" box="[1365,1379,1487,1510]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 38 sides); upper postocular slightly longer than lower postocular; temporals 1+2; first temporal about two times as long as high; upper posterior temporals usually fused in a single shield, about five times as long as wide; supralabials seven, third and fourth contacting eye; first four supralabials similar in height; sixth supralabial taller and seventh supralabial longer than remaining supralabials; symphysial subtriangular, about three times as wide as long; fist pair of infralabials preventing symphysial/chinshields contact; infralabials seven, first three contacting chinshields; chinshields three times longer than wide; gular scales in four series; preventrals usually four; dorsal scale rows 17/17/17; dorsal scales usually with one apical pit (rarely two) on both sexes and supracloacal tubercles in mature males; terminal spine large (longer than last subcaudal), robust and slightly acuminate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="876A36E2FFA5DD0791D66BC25E559AED" blockId="13.[151,1437,246,1944]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Maxilla arched in dorsal view with five or four prediastemal teeth and one postdiastemal tooth; first two teeth moderately spaced (smaller than teeth size); spaces among each one of third and fourth teeth longer (similar to the teeth size); prediastemal teeth, posteriorly curved, angular, robust at base and narrowed in the apices; teeth decreasing posteriorly in size; diastema longer than size of postdiastemal tooth; postdiastemal tooth half-sized of predistemal ones; lateral maxillary process little developed, lacking posterior projection.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D3AA666AFFA6DD0491866A975F2A9A91" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1196183/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" startId="14.[151,250,1967,1989]" targetBox="[162,1427,193,1950]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="876A36E2FFA6DD0491866A975F2A9A91" blockId="14.[151,1436,1967,2020]" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA6DD0491866A975B319AB0" bold="true" box="[151,274,1967,1989]" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
DORSAL (A), LATERAL (B) AND VENTRAL (C) VIEWS OF HEAD, AND DORSAL (D) AND LATERAL (E) VIEWS OF BODY OF THE HOLOTYPE OF
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA6DD0491A36AF75B7D9A91" box="[178,350,1999,2020]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">
|
||
Atractus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA6DD04901F6AF75B7D9A91" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1955" box="[270,350,1999,2020]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Apostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigeae">gaigeae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(UMMZ 82887) FROM THE PROVINCE OF ZAMORA-CHINCHIPE, ECUADOR WITHOUT PRECISE LOCATION.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="876A36E2FFA7DD0591D66DAF5ACB9ED0" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0591D66DAF58BF9DC5" bold="true" box="[199,668,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">Color pattern variation in preservative.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum of head dark brown, usually with darker pigments restricted to the suture of cephalic shields and snout region, rostral, internasals and anterior prefrontals cream colored; cream spots or irregular blotches restricted to the center of each scale/shield or covering mostly of snout dorsally; posterior region of head with an incomplete conspicuous cream collar (two scales long); light collar extends from occipital region to lateroposterior end of parietals; parietals mostly dark borwn, precluding contact between each branch of the incomplete cream collar; lateral surface of head dark brown to dorsal edge of supralabials; supralabials mostly cream, except for posterior region of third and anterior region of fourth and anterior portion of sixth and seventh supralabials almost entirely dark brown; occasionally, suture between each supralabial scale dark brown with its central portion cream; temporal and occipital regions covered by cream collar, decreasing in length towards parietals; symphysial and infralabials with cream ground color sometimes covered with dark brown spots concentrated on the posterior regions of infralabials and anterior portion of chinshields; symphysial and infralabials rarely almost entirely brown pigmented; chinshields and gular region uniformly cream or with a few dark brown dots; ventral surface of body cream with conspicuous black spots on the lateral margins of ventral and subcaudal scales; black spots forming a conspicuous longitudinal stripe on the paraventral region of body; dorsum of body with dark brown to black band on neck (usually three scales long) forming an inverted “V” shaped collar; more rarely, dark collar discontinuous with each branch separate above vertebral region; dorsal ground color brown with a black vertebral line (one scale wide), paired black paravertebral spots (one or two scales long and wide), and dorsolateral stripes; paired spots located between sixth and seventh scales rows and dorsolateral stripes (one scale wide) covering second scale rows and, eventually, above ventral portion of third scale row between both series of scales; paraventral line originating from lateral margins of ventral scales usually extending dorsally to ventral edge of first scale row (half-scale wide); first scale row usually lighter (pale brown), contrasting among both dark lateral stripes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="876A36E2FFA7DD0591D66E975EBF992D" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0591D66E9758129EBD" bold="true" box="[199,561,943,968]" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">Color pattern variation in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum of head dark brown with cream to creamish red spots covering snout region; eye with brown to black iris; center of supralabials and infralabials cream; belly cream colored, except for black pigmented lateral margins of ventral scales; ventral surface of tail cream with dispersed black dots or spots, sometimes concentrated on the scales sutures; dorsal background of body brown, with black spots and stripes; paravertebral spots not bordered by light pigments; light dorsolateral stripes beige (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1FEE2A67FFA7DD05952A69075EAC992D" box="[1083,1167,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1909,1931]" captionTargetBox="[160,1432,193,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[160,1432,193,1892]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. GENERAL VIEW IN LIFE OF Atractus collaris (A–B) BOTH SPECIMENS FROM MADRE SELVA, OROSA RIVER AND A THIRD INDIVIDUAL (C) FROM SANTA CRUZ, MAZAN RIVER, BOTH LOCALITIES IN THE IqUITOS REGION, DEPARTMENT OF LORETO, PERU; AND Atractus gaigeae (D, QCAZ 8339) FROM COMUNIDAD TARANGARO,CAMPO VILLANO, PROVINCE OF PASTAZA,ECUADOR.PHOTOS A–C BY MATTEW CAGE (SPECIMENS NOT PRESERVED IN SCIENTIFIC COLLECTIONS) AND PHOTO D BY DIEGO PAUCAR AND REPTILIAWEBECUADOR." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1196175/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">Fig 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="876A36E2FFA7DD0591D6695C5B2699B1" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0591D6695C5BF29908" bold="true" box="[199,465,1124,1149]" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">Microdematoglyphics.</emphasis>
|
||
Scales of
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD05935D695C592D9909" box="[588,782,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">
|
||
Atractus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA7DD0593A4695D592D9909" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1955" box="[693,782,1125,1148]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Apostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigeae">gaigeae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
presents cell borders at midapical portion closer to each other (rarely exceeding 2.5 µm of distance) and more conspicuous pores at cell surface compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA7DD05943469B05FB899D5" authorityName="Peracca" authorityYear="1897" box="[1317,1435,1160,1184]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Apostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="collaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD05943469B05FB899D5" box="[1317,1435,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">A. collaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1FEE2A67FFA7DD05918E69945ADB99B1" box="[159,248,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1624,1646]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,193,1611]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[175,1412,193,1611]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. MICRODERMATOGLYPHICS OF THE DORSAL SCALES OF Atractus collaris (A–B, MNRJ 24959) FROM LAGUNA GRANDE SCIENTIFIC STATION,MUNICIPALITY OF CUYABENO,SUCUMBíOS,ECUADOR;Atractus gaigeae (C–D, USNM 217623)FROM MUNICIPALITY OF MONTALVO,PROVINCE OF PASTAZA,ECUADOR;AND Atractus alphonsehogei (E–F, MPEG 10874) FROM SãO RAIMUNDO,8 KM FROM MUNICIPALITY OF SANTA INÊS, STATE OF MARANHãO, BRAZIL. EACH SCALE REGION WAS PHOTOGRAPHED FROM BASAL PORTION (LEFT SIDE) AND APICAL PORTION (RIGHT SIDE)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1196191/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="876A36E2FFA7DD0591D669F75FBF9B25" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0591D669F75BC6999D" bold="true" box="[199,485,1231,1256]" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">Hemipenis morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
Retracted organ extends at level of eighth to ninth subcaudal and bifurcates at level of seventh to eighth subcaudal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD05931769CD58379879" box="[518,532,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3). Fully everted and almost maximally expanded hemipenis (
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0595EC69CD5F289879" box="[1277,1291,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1, USNM 217627) renders a moderately bilobed, non-capitate and non-calyculate; lobes centrolinearly oriented distally and slightly distinct from hemipenial body; distal portion of lobes clavate with nearly rounded apices; lobular region do not distinct from the hemipenial body (similar ornamentation and capitular groove absent); lobes and hemipenial body uniformly covered by alary spines (sensu Passos
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD05921568BD591498E9" box="[772,823,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013d); alary spines increasing in size below lobular region, forming irregular barely defined flounces at distal portion of hemipenial body on the asulcate side; alary spines irregular on the intrasulcar region and at medial portion of hemipenial body; sulcus spermaticus centrolinear, bifurcating at half length of organ and extending to lobe apices; sulcus spermaticus wide laterally expanded along all its extension; margins lacking spinules along almost all its extension; basal naked pocket indistinct; basal region of hemipenis with longitudinal plicae and small spinules irregularly distributed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1FEE2A67FFA7DD05940F6B0F5FAC9B25" box="[1310,1423,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1924,1946]" captionTargetBox="[247,1338,205,1905]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[239,1342,193,1909]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. HEMIPENIAL MORPHOLOGY (DETAILED LINE ARTS ON THE LEFT AND PHOTOGRAPHS ON THE RIGHT) OF Atractus collaris (A, MNRJ 24959) FROM LAGUNA GRANDE SCIENTIFIC STATION, MUNICIPALITY OF CUYABENO, SUCUMBíOS, ECUADOR; Atractus gaigeae (B, USNM 217627) FROM MUNICIPALITY OF MONTALVO,PROVINCE OF PASTAZA,ECUADOR;AND Atractus alphonsehogei (C, MPEG 10874) FROM SãO RAIMUNDO,8 KM FROM MUNICIPALITY OF SANTA INÊS, STATE OF MARANHãO,BRAZIL.SCALE BAR = 1 MM." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1196193/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">Figs. 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="876A36E2FFA7DD0591D66B645BF09A05" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0591D66B6458AE9B00" bold="true" box="[199,653,1628,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">Meristic and morphometric variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Largest male
|
||
<quantity id="402D9B07FFA7DD05923A6B6459AB9B01" box="[811,904,1628,1653]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.66" pageId="15" pageNumber="506" unit="mm" value="266.0">266 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL,
|
||
<quantity id="402D9B07FFA7DD0592C06B645E039B01" box="[977,1056,1628,1652]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="506" unit="mm" value="34.0">34 mm</quantity>
|
||
CL; largest female
|
||
<quantity id="402D9B07FFA7DD0595EC6B645F799B01" box="[1277,1370,1628,1653]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" pageId="15" pageNumber="506" unit="mm" value="295.0">295 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL,
|
||
<quantity id="402D9B07FFA7DD0591866BB85AC69BED" box="[151,229,1664,1688]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="506" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
|
||
CL; tail 11.7–15.9% SVL(mean = 14.0; SD = 1.3;
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD05920F6BB9590F9BED" box="[798,812,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 15) in males, 7.1–12.5% SVL (mean = 9.0; SD = 1.5;
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0591866B9D5A869BC9" box="[151,165,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10) in females; ventrals 184–198 (mean = 189.3; SD = 3.7;
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0592466B9D59469BC9" box="[855,869,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 18) in males, 200–214 (mean = 204.8; SD = 4.5;
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0591866BF15A869B95" box="[151,165,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10) in females; subcaudals in males 33–40 (mean = 36.1; SD = 1.7;
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0592D16BF159ED9B95" box="[960,974,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4), 23–28 (mean = 25.8; SD = 1.4;
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0594666BF15FA69B95" box="[1399,1413,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10) in females; gular scale rows 3 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0593326BD558129A71" box="[547,561,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3 sides) or 4 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0593FA6BD558DA9A71" box="[747,761,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 56 sides); postocular 1 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0595376BD55E179A71" box="[1062,1076,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 7 sides) or 2 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0595FF6BD55EDF9A71" box="[1262,1276,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 39 sides) in males, 1 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0590156A295B319A5D" box="[260,274,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 14 sides) or 2 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0590C56A295BC19A5D" box="[468,482,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6 sides) in females; dorsal scale rows at level of second subcaudal 8–10 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0594386A295F139A5D" box="[1321,1328,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 8.9; SD = 0.5;
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0591CF6A0D5ACF9A39" box="[222,236,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 58 sides); midbody diameter 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="402D9B07FFA7DD05936F6A0C58F19A39" box="[638,722,1844,1869]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="15" pageNumber="506" unit="mm" value="5.7">5.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean = 3.6; SD = 0.8;
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0592CC6A0D59C89A39" box="[989,1003,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 25); maxillary teeth 5 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0594166A0D5F369A39" box="[1287,1301,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 26 sides), 6 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0591A46A615AE09A05" box="[181,195,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 26 sides) or 7 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0590986A615BB49A05" box="[393,407,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CFCF6569FFA7DD0591D66A445EDF9AAA" pageId="15" pageNumber="506" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="876A36E2FFA7DD0591D66A445EDF9AAA" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0591D66A445B439AE1" bold="true" box="[199,352,1916,1941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
From Cuyabeno (ca., 0
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E2E15025FFA7DD0593806A45592D9AE0" box="[657,782,1915,1941]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="506" precision="15" value="-0.42416665">
|
||
0
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD05938E6A4358899AE0" box="[671,682,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">°</emphasis>
|
||
25’27’’S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E2E15025FFA7DD0592346A4459989AE0" box="[805,955,1915,1941]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="506" precision="15" value="-76.1025">
|
||
76
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0592506A43596F9AE0" box="[833,844,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">°</emphasis>
|
||
06’09’’W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), province of Subumbíos, southeast to Chichirota (0232’S, 7638’W), and southwest to Taisha (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E2E15025FFA7DD05921B6A9A59B59ACE" box="[778,918,1952,1979]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="506" precision="15" value="-2.1647222">
|
||
02
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0592396A9859109ACF" box="[808,819,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">°</emphasis>
|
||
09’53’’S
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E2E15025FFA7DD0592B26A9B5E1B9ACF" box="[931,1080,1952,1978]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="506" precision="15" value="-77.65889">
|
||
77
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD0592AE6A9859E99ACF" box="[959,970,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">°</emphasis>
|
||
39’32’’W
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) provence of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4511F800FFA7DD0595C26A9B5FBB9ACE" box="[1235,1432,1954,1979]" country="Ecuador" name="Morona-Santiago" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">Morona Santiago</collectingRegion>
|
||
, along the Amazonian versant of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FFC27672FFA7DD0593156AFE58409AAA" box="[516,611,1990,2015]" name="Ecuador" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B5A1EAF0FFA7DD05937C6AFF590F9AAB" box="[621,812,1991,2014]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">
|
||
Atractus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40D54D61FFA7DD0593C26AFF590F9AAB" authorityName="Savage" authorityYear="1955" box="[723,812,1991,2014]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Apostolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="506" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaigeae">gaigeae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
occurs between
|
||
<quantity id="402D9B07FFA7DD0592F66AFE5E459AAB" box="[999,1126,1990,2015]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="506" unit="m" value="475.0" valueMax="750.0" valueMin="200.0">200–750 m</quantity>
|
||
asl (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1FEE2A67FFA7DD05958A6AFE5ECD9AAA" box="[1179,1262,1990,2015]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1165,1187]" captionTargetBox="[170,1407,197,1134]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[164,1428,181,1158]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 12. DISTRIBUTION OF Atractus collaris (SqUARES) A. gaigeae (TRIANGLES). WE USE RECORDS BASED ON THE SPECIMENS PRESERVED AT SCIENTIFIC COLLECTION AS WELL AS THE PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDS WITH DETAILED PROVENANCE DATA (WHITE SqUARES WITH CENTRAL DOTS).THE BLACK SYMBOL SqUARE REPRESENTS THE TYPE-LOCALITY OF A.collaris." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1196197/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="506">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |