548 lines
53 KiB
XML
548 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6329701" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2de37bc1-3782-435b-b655-0f9d77f7afe9" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193873959" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6329701" approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1646409764810" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Tepe, EJ & Bohs, L" docDate="2011" docId="03BC87C5FFED823EFF7DFCE75F7F90F9" docLanguage="en" docName="SystBot.36.4.1068-1087.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Systematic Botany 36 (4)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X605074" docTitle="Solanum loxophyllum Tepe & Bohs 2011" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="1081" masterDocId="FF85FFBDFFE08230FFFDFFB45C5B9424" masterDocTitle="A revision of Solanum section Herpystichum" masterLastPageNumber="1087" masterPageNumber="1068" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" updateTime="1646746551081" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of Solanum section Herpystichum</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tepe, EJ</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, 257 South 1400 East, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, U. S. A.; Department of Biological Sciences, 614 Rieveschl Hall, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">eric.tepe@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bohs, L</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, 257 South 1400 East, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Systematic Botany</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2011-12-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>36</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1068</mods:start>
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<mods:end>1087</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X605074</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1600/036364411X605074</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">2de37bc1-3782-435b-b655-0f9d77f7afe9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6327846</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6329701" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193873959" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6329701" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BC87C5FFED823EFF7DFCE75F7F90F9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BC87C5FFED823EFF7DFCE75F7F90F9" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="1081" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">
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<subSubSection box="[128,492,851,873]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[128,776,851,1020]" box="[128,492,851,873]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">
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6.
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<treatmentCitation author="Bitter" box="[156,492,851,873]" journal="Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg." page="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" score="1.0992452832713058" volume="11" year="1912">
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<taxonomicName authority="Bitter, Repert." authorityName="Tepe & Bohs" authorityYear="2011" box="[156,492,851,873]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loxophyllum" status="Spec. Nov.">SOLANUMLOXOPHYLLUM Bitter,</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[128,776,851,1020]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">
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<bibRefCitation author="Bitter, G." journalOrPublisher="Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" pagination="481 - 491" part="11" refId="ref27774" refString="Bitter, G. 1913 a. Solana nova vel minus cognita VII. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 11: 481 - 491." title="Solana nova vel minus cognita VII" type="journal article" year="1913">
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Repert.
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[589,705,851,872]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" rank="species">Spec. Nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Regni Veg. 11: 14. 1912
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[128,776,851,1020]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">
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—TYPE:
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3698005302" collectedFrom="In silvis tropicalibus" collectingDate="1891-09" collectionCode="B" collectorName="L. Sodiro" country="Ecuador" location="Chimborazo" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chimborazo" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry box="[485,611,880,901]" name="Ecuador" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion box="[629,767,880,902]" country="Ecuador" name="Chimborazo" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Chimborazo</collectingRegion>
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/
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<collectingRegion box="[176,259,910,931]" country="Ecuador" name="Guayas" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Guayas</collectingRegion>
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: “
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<collectedFrom box="[278,491,910,932]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">In silvis tropicalibus</collectedFrom>
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<locationDeviation box="[496,761,910,932]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">prope Puente de Chimbo</locationDeviation>
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,”
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<date box="[176,271,939,960]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" value="1891-09">
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<collectingDate box="[176,271,939,960]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" value="1891-09">Sep 1891</collectingDate>
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</date>
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(fr),
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<emphasis box="[328,493,939,961]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">
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<collectorName box="[328,418,939,961]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">L. Sodiro</collectorName>
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114/20
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus box="[509,607,939,961]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode box="[619,636,939,960]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">B</collectionCode>
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, [destroyed]; photos of holotype [F neg. 2668]: G–G00080136!, NY!, NY!;
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</materialsCitation>
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isotype: QPLS–SOLA0192!).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[128,776,1040,2001]" lastBlockId="13.[824,1477,160,2001]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">
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Vine, woody, climbing understory vegetation and canopy trees to
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<quantity box="[219,273,1069,1091]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
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or more. Stems slender, strong and wiry, the olderstems 8-shaped in cross section, reaching ca. 3 ×
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<quantity box="[714,776,1099,1121]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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in cross section or larger, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, the trichomes slender,
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<quantity box="[328,448,1157,1179]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.5 mm</quantity>
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long. Sympodial units plurifoliate. Leaves simple, the blades 2.5–8 ×
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<quantity box="[550,664,1187,1209]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="cm" value="2.15" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="0.8">0.8–3.5 cm</quantity>
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, 2–3 times as long as wide, ovate to elliptical, somewhat fleshy, moderately sand-punctate, pubescent on the midvein adaxially with small trichomes
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<quantity box="[312,436,1275,1297]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 mm</quantity>
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long, more rarely glabrous or pubescent across the leaf surface, glabrous to pubescent on the veins or the entire leaf surface abaxially; venation pinnate, with 3–4 pairs of secondary veins, these translucent in living material, inconspicuous and flush with the leaf surface on dried specimens, moderately sand-punctate; base rounded to truncate, oblique, the sides of the lamina
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||
<quantity box="[608,694,1451,1472]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
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distant on the petiole; margins entire; apex acute; petioles
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||
<quantity box="[683,772,1480,1502]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1–5 mm</quantity>
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, moderately sand-punctate, pubescent adaxially. Internodes
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||
<quantity box="[128,248,1539,1561]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="cm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.2 cm</quantity>
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. Inflorescences
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<quantity box="[425,516,1539,1560]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="cm" value="6.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="1.0">1–11 cm</quantity>
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||
long, simple or rarely once branched, extra-axillary to nearly leaf opposed, with 3–50 flowers (scars), the axes glabrous, slender and delicate; peduncle
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||
<quantity box="[239,357,1627,1649]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="cm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.5 cm</quantity>
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, slender; rachis
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||
<quantity box="[544,637,1627,1648]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="cm" value="6.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="2.0">2–10 cm</quantity>
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||
; pedicels
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||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3– 10 mm</quantity>
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in flower, slender,
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||
<quantity box="[428,529,1656,1678]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="9.0">9–12 mm</quantity>
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||
and slightly enlarged in fruit,
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||
<quantity box="[223,326,1686,1707]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="9.0">9–12 mm</quantity>
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||
, somewhat thickened apically, glabrous, spaced
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||
<quantity box="[208,293,1715,1737]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="1.0">1–6 mm</quantity>
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apart. Calyx
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||
<quantity box="[438,541,1715,1737]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–5 mm</quantity>
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||
long, glabrous except for the margins which are sparsely ciliate apically, the tube
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<quantity box="[128,232,1773,1795]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
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long, the lobes ca. 1.5 ×
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||
<quantity box="[501,583,1773,1795]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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, rounded-deltoid, shortly apiculate at the tips, pale pinkish-white; fruiting calyx only slightly accrescent, the lobes 1.5–2 × ca.
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<quantity box="[606,688,1832,1854]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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. Corolla
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||
<quantity box="[128,371,1861,1883]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="cm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1 cmindiameter</quantity>
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,
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||
<quantity box="[388,479,1861,1883]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
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long, stellate, membranaceous, white, the tube ca.
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<quantity box="[414,478,1891,1912]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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, the lobes 7–8 ×
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||
<quantity box="[665,772,1891,1913]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2–2.5 mm</quantity>
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||
, lanceolate, attenuate at tips, glabrous adaxially and abaxially, the margins minutely ciliate apically. Stamens with filaments
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<quantity box="[198,302,1979,2000]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="mm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1 mm</quantity>
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||
, glabrous; anthers 2.5–3 ×
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||
<quantity box="[578,700,1979,2001]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.5 mm</quantity>
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||
. Ovary glabrous; style ca. 5 ×
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||
<quantity box="[1070,1153,161,182]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
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||
, cylindrical, glabrous; stigma capitate. Fruits 1–1.5 ×
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<quantity box="[1076,1190,190,212]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="cm" value="0.8" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.1 cm</quantity>
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||
, ellipsoidal to conical, the apex somewhat pointed, glabrous. Seeds ca. 2 ×
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||
<quantity box="[1349,1431,219,241]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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, ca.
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||
<quantity box="[824,905,248,270]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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||
thick, flattened, teardrop-shaped, light tan in color, the surface minutely rugose.
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<figureCitation box="[1132,1271,278,300]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="2.[184,220,1816,1835]" captionTargetBox="[160,1504,158,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-10@2.[160,1504,158,1791]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIG.1. Flowers fruits, and habit of Solanum sect. Herpystichum: A. Solanum limoncochaense, habit, flower, and bud. B. S. limoncochaense fruit in situ and C. in cross section (E. J. Tepe & S. Stern 2627, QCNE). D. S. trifolium flower and leaf (E. J. Tepe & S. Stern 2682, QCNE). E. S. phaseoloides habit, flower, and leaf (photo by W. H. Haber). F. S. crassinervium habit (E. J. Tepe & S. Stern 2729, QCNE), and G. flowers (S. Stern & E. J. Tepe 400, QCNE). H. S. evolvulifolium habit and flower, and I. fruit (immature) (E. J. Tepe & S. Stern 2671, QCNE). J. S. pacificum inflorescence with flowers, buds, and fruit (immature), and K. habit (E. J. Tepe et al. 2696, QCNE). L. S. loxophyllum habit, note adventitious roots at nodes, and M. older stem with inflorescences, note figure eightshaped stem (E. J. Tepe & S. Stern 2726, QCNE). Inflorescences emerge from the cleft between the two lobes of the stem." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6327848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6327848/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Figure 1L–M</figureCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph blockId="13.[824,1477,160,2001]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">
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||
<emphasis box="[848,1366,307,329]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[848,1149,307,329]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Habitat and Distribution—</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe & Bohs" authorityYear="2011" box="[1149,1366,307,328]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loxophyllum">Solanum loxophyllum</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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is apparently endemic to the Pacific lowlands and low mountains of western
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<collectingCountry box="[914,1005,366,388]" name="Ecuador" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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; 100–600(–850) m in elevation (
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<figureCitation box="[1334,1395,366,388]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[879,915,1986,2005]" captionTargetBox="[856,1504,1441,1960]" captionTargetId="figure-1307@12.[856,1504,1441,1960]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG.7. Distribution of Solanum limoncochaense and S. loxophyllum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6327860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6327860/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[824,1477,160,2001]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[848,986,395,417]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Phenology—</emphasis>
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Flowering and fruiting apparently occur throughout the year.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[824,1477,160,2001]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[848,989,453,475]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Etymology—</emphasis>
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The epithet
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe & Bohs" authorityYear="2011" box="[1130,1251,454,475]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loxophyllum">
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<emphasis box="[1130,1251,454,475]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">loxophyllum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(loxo = oblique in Greek) makes reference to the oblique leaf bases found in this species. The leaf bases of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="2011" box="[1094,1257,512,534]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dolichorhachis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1094,1257,512,534]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">S. dolichorhachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, are much more markedly oblique than they are in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe & Bohs" authorityYear="2011" box="[1251,1397,542,563]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loxophyllum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1251,1397,542,563]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">S. loxophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[824,1477,160,2001]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[848,1093,571,592]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Conservation Status—</emphasis>
|
||
According to the IUCN red list categories (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" box="[916,1042,601,623]" firstAuthor="IUCN" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" publicationUrl="fromhttp://intranet.iucn.org/webfiles/doc/SSC/RedList/RedListGuidelines.pdf." refId="ref28409" refString="IUCN. 2010. Guidelines for Using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 8. 0. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee in March 2010. Downloadable fromhttp: // intranet. iucn. org / webfiles / doc / SSC / RedList / RedListGuidelines. pdf." title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 8. 0. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee in March 2010" type="book" year="2010">IUCN 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe & Bohs" authorityYear="2011" box="[1061,1210,600,622]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loxophyllum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1061,1210,600,622]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">S. loxophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is classified as B1a+biii (endangered). Although this species is common in the habitats where it occurs, deep shade of low to midelevation rainforests in western
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1068,1157,688,710]" name="Ecuador" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, less than
|
||
<quantity box="[1274,1372,688,710]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="km" value="1500.0">1,500 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1371,1378,688,700]" fontSize="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">2</superScript>
|
||
of these habitats remain, and they continue to be converted to agricultural lands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dodson and Gentry" box="[992,1271,747,769]" firstAuthor="Dodson" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" pagination="273 - 295" part="78" refId="ref28251" refString="Dodson, C. H. and A. H. Gentry. 1991. Biological extinction in western Ecuador. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 78: 273 - 295." title="Biological extinction in western Ecuador" type="journal article" year="1991">Dodson and Gentry 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; C. Aulestia, Bilsa Biological Station, pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[824,1477,160,2001]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[848,1052,806,827]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Common Names—</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1052,1144,806,828]" name="Ecuador" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Chinba chuba tape (Cayapa;
|
||
<emphasis box="[824,951,835,857]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Kvist 40522,</emphasis>
|
||
AAU, QCA), chiro nairamo tape (Cayapa;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Kvist 40437,</emphasis>
|
||
AAU, BM), quinfo aran sili (Colorado;
|
||
<emphasis box="[1343,1472,864,886]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Kvist 40691,</emphasis>
|
||
AAU, BM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="1081" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[824,1477,160,2001]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[848,922,923,944]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Uses—</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[922,1013,923,945]" name="Ecuador" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
: the leaves are used for pain relief and for healing of open wounds at joints. Leaves are applied to the affected joint (
|
||
<emphasis box="[969,1085,982,1003]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Kvist 40437</emphasis>
|
||
). The flowersare crushed and rubbed on the body as a perfume (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1133,1255,1011,1033]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Kvist 40522</emphasis>
|
||
). The plant is used for a bath (baño de caliente) when feeling cold (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1324,1441,1040,1062]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Kvist 40691</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[824,1477,160,2001]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">
|
||
<emphasis box="[848,1152,1070,1091]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[848,935,1070,1091]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Notes—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe & Bohs" authorityYear="2011" box="[935,1152,1070,1091]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loxophyllum">Solanum loxophyllum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is a climbing species closely allied to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[921,1089,1099,1120]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evolvulifolium">
|
||
<emphasis box="[921,1089,1099,1120]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">S. evolvulifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with which it has frequently been synonymized. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1142,1309,1128,1150]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evolvulifolium">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1142,1309,1128,1150]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">S. evolvulifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its thin, but distinctly fleshy, larger leaves, less regular branching, sinuous rather than more or less straight branches, older stems that are 8-shaped in cross section, a tendency toward cauliflory, its high-climbing habit (individuals have been seen to climb to
|
||
<quantity box="[916,968,1275,1297]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
|
||
or more; E. J. Tepe, pers. obs.), and distribution under
|
||
<quantity box="[894,957,1304,1326]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[972,1137,1304,1326]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="evolvulifolium">
|
||
<emphasis box="[972,1137,1304,1326]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">S. evolvulifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has occasionally been collected as low as
|
||
<quantity box="[935,1003,1334,1356]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</quantity>
|
||
, but is most frequently encountered above
|
||
<quantity box="[824,908,1363,1385]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" unit="m" value="1000.0">1,000 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[824,1477,160,2001]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe & Bohs" authorityYear="2011" box="[848,1059,1392,1413]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loxophyllum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[848,1059,1392,1413]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Solanumloxophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
canbedistinguished from other species of sect.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bitter" box="[906,1045,1422,1443]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1086" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Herpystichum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[906,1045,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Herpystichum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its fleshy leaves with inconspicuous veins (translucent in fresh material), cauliflorous inflorescences, and the distinctive older stems that are 8-shaped in cross section. The slender, delicate inflorescences emerge from the cleft between the two halves of the 8-shaped stems. Several collections from the area around Zapallo Grande and the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[864,963,1598,1620]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
community, Congoma Grande, are more robust and are more densely pubescent than collections from other areas. Herbarium specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe & Bohs" authorityYear="2011" box="[1173,1323,1656,1678]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loxophyllum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1173,1323,1656,1678]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">S. loxophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
typically dry dark to nearly black, a character shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1302,1465,1686,1707]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassinervium">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1302,1465,1686,1707]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">S. crassinervium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[824,1477,160,2001]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">
|
||
The provenance of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1119,1166,1716,1737]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">type</typeStatus>
|
||
collection is rather vague, given that the town of Puente de Chimbo is no longer extant. One references states, however, that Puente de Chimbo was located at the end of the Chimbo valley, where the Chimbo river leaves the mountains and enters the plains, and turns from a south-flowing to a west-flowing river (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wolf" box="[1353,1468,1862,1884]" firstAuthor="Wolf" journalOrPublisher="Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" refId="ref29262" refString="Wolf, T. 1892. Geografia y geologia del Ecuador. Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus." title="Geografia y geologia del Ecuador" type="book" year="1892">Wolf 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 132). This would place Puente de Chimbo near the current town of Bucay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bromley and Bromley" box="[994,1288,1920,1942]" firstAuthor="Bromley" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Latin American Studies" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" pagination="85 - 108" part="7" refId="ref27949" refString="Bromley, R. D. F. and R. J. Bromley. 1975. The debate on Sunday markets in nineteenth-century Ecuador. Journal of Latin American Studies 7: 85 - 108." title="The debate on Sunday markets in nineteenth-century Ecuador" type="journal article" year="1975">Bromley and Bromley 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the locality falls well within the geographic and altitudinal range of other collections of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe & Bohs" authorityYear="2011" box="[969,1115,1979,2000]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loxophyllum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[969,1115,1979,2000]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1080">S. loxophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[160,814,160,1245]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">
|
||
Based on recent fieldwork, it appears that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe & Bohs" authorityYear="2011" box="[637,784,160,182]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loxophyllum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[637,784,160,182]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">S. loxophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widespread and common in the Pacific lowlands of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[715,805,189,211]" name="Ecuador" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It seems to be tolerant of intermediate levels of disturbance, and is abundant along trails and in secondary, but shady habitats. Flowering is apparently rather rare, and the flowers are inconspicuous and few in number. Consequently,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tepe & Bohs" authorityYear="2011" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loxophyllum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">S. loxophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is underrepresented in herbarium collections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[160,814,160,1245]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,502,362,382]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">Additional Specimens Examined—</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[502,607,362,381]" name="Ecuador" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[615,677,362,381]" country="Ecuador" name="Azuay" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">Azuay</collectingRegion>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[684,742,362,381]" country="Ecuador" name="Canar" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">Cañar</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Manta Real, Río Patul, Sur de la Carretera La Troncal-Zhud,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[628,682,386,405]" degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="-2.55">2°33’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[687,760,386,405]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="-79.333336">79°20’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="m" value="625.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="450.0">450– 800 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[220,313,410,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" value="1991-07-13">13 Jul 1991</date>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis box="[353,601,410,429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">R. B. Foster & B.Mitsui 13542</emphasis>
|
||
(F,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[629,677,410,429]" country="Ecuador" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15650" name="Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="Herbarium">QCA</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[690,748,410,429]" country="Ecuador" name="El Oro" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">El Oro</collectingRegion>
|
||
:Hcda. Daucay, Limón – Playa,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[365,417,434,453]" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="-3.4666667">3°28’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[422,493,434,453]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="-78.75">78°45’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[500,553,434,453]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[561,663,434,453]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" value="1994-04-22">22 Apr 1994</date>
|
||
(st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">X. Cornejo & C. Bonifaz 2478</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[303,336,458,477]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<quantity box="[352,406,458,477]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="km" value="11.0">11 km</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[411,455,458,477]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="Herbarium">Wof</collectionCode>
|
||
Pinas on new road to Sta. Rosa,
|
||
<quantity box="[749,804,458,477]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[160,256,482,501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" value="1979-10-08">8 Oct 1979</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis box="[301,513,482,501]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">C. H. Dodson et al. 9049</emphasis>
|
||
(MO,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[574,612,482,501]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15632" name="Marie Selby Botanical Gardens" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="Herbarium">SEL</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[628,733,482,501]" country="Ecuador" name="Esmeraldas" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">Esmeraldas</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Mache- Chindul Ecological Reserve, Bilsa Biological Station, Mache Mountains,
|
||
<quantity box="[160,213,530,549]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[218,260,530,549]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="Herbarium">Wof</collectionCode>
|
||
Quinindé,
|
||
<quantity box="[357,400,530,549]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[405,447,530,549]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="Herbarium">Wof</collectionCode>
|
||
Sta. Isabel,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[548,607,530,549]" degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="0.35">0°21’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[611,682,530,549]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="-79.73333">79°44’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[691,744,530,549]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" value="1996-02-17">17 Feb 1996</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis box="[241,413,554,573]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">J. L. Clark et al. 2054</emphasis>
|
||
(BM, MO,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[511,543,554,573]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
|
||
); Reserva Cotacachi-Cayapas, La Aguita,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[260,350,577,597]" degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="15" seconds="48" value="0.48">0°28′48”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[356,458,577,597]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="15" seconds="24" value="-78.44">78°26′24″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[467,522,578,597]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[533,636,578,597]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" value="1998-06-26">26 Jun 1998</date>
|
||
(infl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">X. Cornejo & C. Bonifaz 6389</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[295,327,602,621]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="Herbarium">NY</collectionCode>
|
||
); Río Cayapa, Zapallo Grande,
|
||
<quantity box="[592,635,602,621]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
upriver Río Zapallo Grande,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[237,297,626,645]" degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="0.8">0°48’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[302,375,626,645]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="-78.9">78°54’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[384,438,626,645]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[446,547,626,645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" value="1982-06-29">29 Jun 1982</date>
|
||
(infl),
|
||
<emphasis box="[605,745,626,645]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">L. P. Kvist 40437</emphasis>
|
||
(AAU,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[160,194,650,669]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">BM</collectionCode>
|
||
); Río Cayapa, Zapallo Grande,
|
||
<quantity box="[489,537,650,669]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
upriver Río Zapallo Grande,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[160,221,674,693]" degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="0.8">0°48’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[225,298,674,693]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="-78.916664">78°55’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[306,360,674,693]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[368,452,674,693]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" value="1982-07-03">3 Jul 1982</date>
|
||
(st),
|
||
<emphasis box="[495,633,674,693]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">L. P. Kvist 40522</emphasis>
|
||
(AAU,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[701,749,674,693]" country="Ecuador" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15650" name="Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="Herbarium">QCA</collectionCode>
|
||
); environs of Lita, on the Ibarra-San Lorenzo RR,
|
||
<quantity box="[541,635,698,717]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="m" value="600.0" valueMax="650.0" valueMin="550.0">550–650 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[644,744,698,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" value="1978-06-10">10 Jun 1978</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">M. T. Madison et al. 5154</emphasis>
|
||
(F,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[379,427,722,741]" country="Ecuador" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15650" name="Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="Herbarium">QCA</collectionCode>
|
||
); Mache-Chindul Ecological Reserve, Bilsa Biological Station, Mache Mountains,
|
||
<quantity box="[501,557,746,765]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[564,609,746,765]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="Herbarium">Wof</collectionCode>
|
||
Quinindé,
|
||
<quantity box="[711,757,746,765]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[764,808,746,765]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="Herbarium">Wof</collectionCode>
|
||
Sta. Isabel,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[263,323,770,789]" degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="0.35">0°21’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[330,404,770,789]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="-79.73333">79°44’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[414,470,770,789]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[481,587,770,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" value="2009-02-13">13 Feb 2009</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">E. J. Tepe & S. Stern 2726</emphasis>
|
||
(QCNE,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[283,313,794,813]" country="Iran" name="University of Tehran" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">UT</collectionCode>
|
||
); Reserva Ecológica Cotacachi-Cayapa, Charco Vicente, Río San Miguel,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[304,364,818,837]" degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="0.71666664">0°43’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[369,442,818,837]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="-78.88333">78°53’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[450,503,818,837]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[512,643,818,837]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" value="1993-09-20" valueMax="1993-09-31" valueMin="1993-09-20">20–31 Sep 1993</date>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">M. Tirado et al. 391</emphasis>
|
||
(MO,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[246,308,842,861]" country="Ecuador" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13634" name="Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="Herbarium">QCNE</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[322,400,842,861]" country="Ecuador" name="Los Rios" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">Los Ríos</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Río Palenque Biological Station, km 56 on the Quevedo-Santo Domingo Rd,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[430,484,866,885]" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="-0.5">0°30’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[490,564,866,885]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="-79.35">79°21’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 150–220,
|
||
<date box="[653,746,866,885]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" value="1974-06-08">8 Jun 1974</date>
|
||
(fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis box="[160,314,890,909]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">C. H. Dodson 5543</emphasis>
|
||
(SEL,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[370,398,890,909]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
); Río Palenque Biological Station, km 56 on the Quevedo-Santo Domingo Rd,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[425,479,914,933]" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="-0.5">0°30’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[483,557,914,933]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="-79.35">79°21’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[564,657,914,933]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="m" value="185.0" valueMax="220.0" valueMin="150.0">150–220 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[665,771,914,933]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" value="1980-03-29">29 Mar 1980</date>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis box="[160,426,938,957]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">C.H.Dodson & A. Gentry 10040</emphasis>
|
||
(MO,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[480,518,938,957]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15632" name="Marie Selby Botanical Gardens" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="Herbarium">SEL</collectionCode>
|
||
); Río Palenque Biological Station, km 56 on the Quevedo-Santo Domingo Rd,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[562,617,962,981]" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="-0.5">0°30’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[624,698,962,981]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="-79.35">79°21’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[708,804,962,981]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="m" value="185.0" valueMax="220.0" valueMin="150.0">150–220 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[160,256,986,1005]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" value="2009-02-05">5 Feb 2009</date>
|
||
(st),
|
||
<emphasis box="[303,476,986,1005]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">E. J. Tepe et al. 2698</emphasis>
|
||
(QCNE,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[560,591,986,1005]" country="Iran" name="University of Tehran" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">UT</collectionCode>
|
||
). Los Ríos or Pichincha: El Centinela at crest of Montañas Ila on road from Patricia Pilar to 24 de Mayo,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[220,302,1033,1053]" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="15" seconds="33" value="-0.62583333">0°37′33”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[307,407,1033,1053]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="15" seconds="46" value="-79.29611">79°17′46″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[414,467,1034,1053]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[475,566,1034,1053]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" value="1979-02-06">6 Feb 1979</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis box="[605,758,1034,1053]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">C. H. Dodson 7389</emphasis>
|
||
(MO,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[160,198,1058,1077]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15632" name="Marie Selby Botanical Gardens" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="Herbarium">SEL</collectionCode>
|
||
); El Centinela at crest of Montañas Ila on road from Patricia Pilar to 24 de Mayo,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[279,361,1081,1101]" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="15" seconds="33" value="-0.62583333">0°37′33”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[369,469,1081,1101]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="15" seconds="46" value="-79.29611">79°17′46″W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[480,536,1082,1101]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[547,646,1082,1101]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" value="1979-07-20">20 Jul 1979</date>
|
||
(fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">C. H. Dodson et al. 8626</emphasis>
|
||
(MO,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[297,334,1106,1125]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15632" name="Marie Selby Botanical Gardens" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="Herbarium">SEL</collectionCode>
|
||
). Pichincha: Santo Domingo bypass ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[673,716,1106,1125]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
Sof Santo Domingo,
|
||
<quantity box="[254,309,1130,1149]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="m" value="530.0">530 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[319,415,1130,1149]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" value="1980-04-08">8 Apr 1980</date>
|
||
(fl),
|
||
<emphasis box="[457,736,1130,1149]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">C. H. Dodson & A. Gentry 10359</emphasis>
|
||
(F, MO,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[160,197,1154,1173]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15632" name="Marie Selby Botanical Gardens" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="Herbarium">SEL</collectionCode>
|
||
); Reserva Forestal ENDESA, Río Silanche,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[567,626,1154,1173]" degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="0.1">0°06’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[632,702,1154,1173]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="-79.03333">79°02’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[712,805,1154,1173]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="m" value="675.0" valueMax="700.0" valueMin="650.0">650–700 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[160,250,1178,1197]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" value="1984-06-09">9 Jun 1984</date>
|
||
(fl, fr),
|
||
<emphasis box="[316,404,1178,1197]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">J. Jaramillo</emphasis>
|
||
(AAU, MO,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[518,578,1178,1197]" country="Ecuador" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13634" name="Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" type="Herbarium">QCNE</collectionCode>
|
||
); in the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[649,730,1178,1197]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
community “congoma grande” at km 23 on the Santo Domingo - Puerto Limon road,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[211,265,1226,1245]" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="-0.35">0°21’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[270,343,1226,1245]" degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" precision="925" value="-79.36667">79°22’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[351,405,1226,1245]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[414,509,1226,1245]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081" value="1982-07-21">21 Jul 1982</date>
|
||
(st),
|
||
<emphasis box="[552,691,1226,1245]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">L. P. Kvist 40691</emphasis>
|
||
(AAU,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[759,793,1226,1245]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="1081">BM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |