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<document id="A26C05994A070741FF3C4E6C349AE1F2" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.177153" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bd091955-3575-4f94-ba26-c3eeb6371dc4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="177153" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459852081654" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Correia, Leny Célia Da Silva &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, Susana" docDate="2007" docId="03B84253FFEB0C6FFF264EFDFDA89E4C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01504p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1504" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chironomus fittkaui Correia &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, 2007, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="66" masterDocId="FF813A2BFFE70C62FFB14F02FFEC9836" masterDocTitle="New species of Chironomus Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae) from Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1698225380310" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="82CD9352D5DD4B276B3A7062F8015E31">New species of Chironomus Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae) from Brazil</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="E1BE7B3377E57246F060128C447FDC27">Correia, Leny Célia Da Silva</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A3B9613B4425387B13D2FE60647FB41C">Trivinho-Strixino, Susana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="C3B7C8F87D89B1CF566AB1E77D240E7B">2007</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03B84253FFEB0C6FFF264EFDFDA89E4C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6251266" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119362569" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6251266" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B84253FFEB0C6FFF264EFDFDA89E4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B84253FFEB0C6FFF264EFDFDA89E4C" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">
<subSubSection id="C30BA0CEFFEB0C6EFF264EFDFE0F9A0A" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAEF345FFEB0C6EFF264EFDFE3B9A2F" blockId="12.[151,483,511,572]" box="[151,471,511,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">
<heading id="D0E64429FFEB0C6EFF264EFDFE3B9A2F" bold="true" box="[151,471,511,537]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEB0C6EFF264EFDFE3B9A2F" bold="true" box="[151,471,511,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">
<taxonomicName id="4C1188C6FFEB0C6EFF264EFDFE629A2F" ID-CoL="5XSY3" box="[151,398,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEB0C6EFF264EFDFE629A2F" bold="true" box="[151,398,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">Chironomus fittkaui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A256922CFFEB0C6EFE244EFDFE3B9A2F" box="[405,471,511,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAEF345FFEB0C6EFF264D20FE0F9A0A" blockId="12.[151,483,511,572]" box="[151,483,546,572]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">
(
<figureCitation id="132AEFC0FFEB0C6EFF2E4D20FEEC9A0A" box="[159,256,546,572]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 11" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[224,1371,317,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[222,1373,317,1899]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 11. Males of Chironomus detriticola sp. n. (3, 7); C. antonioi sp. n. (1, 4, 8); C. phytophilus sp. n. (2, 5, 9); C. oliveirai sp. n. (6, 10); and C. fittkaui sp. n. (11). 1 2. Dorsal aspect of thorax. 3 6. Dorsal aspect of abdomen. 7 11. Fore-, mid-, and hind legs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177154/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132AEFC0FFEB0C6EFEBD4D20FEB49A0A" box="[268,344,546,572]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 21" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1744,1768]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,197,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,1720]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 12 21. Males of Chironomus detriticola sp. n. (12 13); C. antonioi sp. n. (14 15); C. phytophilus sp. n. (16 17); C. oliveirai sp. n. (18 19); and C. fittkaui sp. n. (20 21). 12, 14, 16, 18, 20. Hypopygium. 13, 15, 17, 19, 21. Superior volsella, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177155/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">20, 21</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132AEFC0FFEB0C6EFED54D20FE689A0A" box="[356,388,546,572]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 29" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1912,1936]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,354,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[156,1431,354,1888]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 22 29. Pupae of Chironomus detriticola sp. n. (22); C. antonioi sp. n. (23); C. phytophilus sp. n. (24 26); C. oliveirai sp. n. (27 28); and C. fittkaui sp. n. (29). 22, 23, 26, 28, 29. Anal spur. 24. Dorsocentrals (Dc 1 and Dc 2, 3, 4). 25, 27. Abdomen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177156/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">29</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132AEFC0FFEB0C6EFE214D20FE379A0A" box="[400,475,546,572]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 58" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[233,1366,194,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[233,1367,194,1893]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 30 58. Larvae of Chironomus detriticola sp. n. (30 35); C. antonioi sp. n. (36 41); C. phytophilus sp. n. (42 46); C. oliveirai sp. n. (47 52); and C. fittkaui sp. n. (53 58). 30, 36, 42, 48, 54. Antenna. 31, 37, 43, 49, 55. Pecten epipharyngis. 32, 38, 44, 50, 56. Premandible. 33, 39, 45, 51, 57. Labral seta. 34, 40. Mandible. 35, 41, 46, 52, 58. Mentum and ventromental plate. 47, 53. Postmentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177157/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">5358</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30BA0CEFFEB0C6EFF264D70FCEE9B32" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAEF345FFEB0C6EFF264D70FCEE9B32" blockId="12.[151,1437,626,2021]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEB0C6EFF264D70FEA79ABA" bold="true" box="[151,331,626,652]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">
<typeStatus id="54AA4DE7FFEB0C6EFF264D70FF3E9ABA" box="[151,210,626,652]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54AA4DE7FFEB0C6EFEE44D70FE2E9ABA" box="[341,450,626,652]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male with pupal and larval exuviae.
<collectingCountry id="F306B3D5FFEB0C6EFCC84D70FC3D9ABA" box="[889,977,626,652]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
: São Paulo, Pirassununga, pisciculture tank B1 (CEPTA-IBAMA),
<date id="FFAFD585FFEB0C6EFE6E4D98FD8C9A82" box="[479,608,666,692]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" value="2002-03-21">21.iii.2002</date>
, L. Correia (
<collectionCode id="ED006B80FFEB0C6EFD424D98FCDE9A82" box="[755,818,666,692]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">LEA</collectionCode>
).
<typeStatus id="54AA4DE7FFEB0C6EFCF44D98FC579A82" box="[837,955,666,692]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9D1738CCFFEB0C6EFC774D98FBF39A82" box="[966,1055,666,692]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
with pupal and larval exuviae,
<specimenCount id="9D1738CCFFEB0C6EFA3C4D98FF0E9AEA" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" type="larva">3 larvae</specimenCount>
, São Paulo, São Carlos,
<collectingCountry id="F306B3D5FFEB0C6EFE4C4DC0FDD59AEA" box="[509,569,706,732]" name="Malta" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">Mata</collectingCountry>
Reservoir (Fazenda Canchim, Centro de Pesquisa de Pecuária do Sudeste, EMBRAPA),
<date id="FFAFD585FFEB0C6EFE8B4DE8FE5E9B32" box="[314,434,746,772]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" value="2000-10-30">30.x.2000</date>
, L. Correia (
<collectionCode id="ED006B80FFEB0C6EFDF74DE8FD6F9B32" box="[582,643,746,772]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">LEA</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED006B80FFEB0C6EFD3E4DE8FD1A9B32" box="[655,758,746,772]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">MZUSP</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30BA0CEFFEB0C6EFF774C10FC4D9CD2" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BAEF345FFEB0C6EFF774C10FE6B9B62" blockId="12.[151,1437,626,2021]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEB0C6EFF774C10FEBF9B1A" bold="true" box="[198,339,786,812]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named in honor of Dr. Ernst Josef Fittkau, for his contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical
<taxonomicName id="4C1188C6FFEB0C6EFF664C38FE6F9B62" box="[215,387,826,852]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAEF345FFEB0C6EFF774C60FC4D9CD2" blockId="12.[151,1437,626,2021]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEB0C6EFF774C60FE309B4A" bold="true" box="[198,476,866,892]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">Diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
The male can be distinguished from other Neotropical
<taxonomicName id="4C1188C6FFEB0C6EFBD04C60FB1D9B4D" box="[1121,1265,866,891]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEB0C6EFBD04C60FB1D9B4D" box="[1121,1265,866,891]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">Chironomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species by the following combination of characters: legs yellowish brown with apex of femur, tibia, and tarsi brown; abdomen pale brown, tergites IV with median brownish bands, tergites VIIVIII brown; superior volsella straight with blunt apex; and gonostylus elongate with slender distal part. The pupa is similar to the pupae of most described Neotropical species, but can be distinguished on the abdominal shagreenation and the posterolateral point patches on tergites VVI. The larva can be distinguished from other Neotropical species by the following combination of characters: head with postmentum pigmentation; antennal blade not surpassing the length of segment four; premandible with 2 dark teeth; mandible with two inner teeth; mentum with slightly incised, trifid median tooth and with fourth lateral tooth smaller than the fifth lateral; and abdomen with rather long lateral tubules and ventral tubules, which are slender in distal half.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30BA0CEFFEB0C6FFF774BF0FBA99CAC" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAEF345FFEB0C6EFF774BF0FEB19D3A" blockId="12.[151,1437,626,2021]" box="[198,349,1266,1292]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEB0C6EFF774BF0FEEA9D3A" bold="true" box="[198,262,1266,1292]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">Male</emphasis>
(n = 3)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAEF345FFEB0C6EFF744A18FD8A9DE2" blockId="12.[151,1437,626,2021]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">
Length [4.6] 4.65.0 mm. Coloration: head yellowish brown, flagellum and maxillary palp pale brown. Thorax yellowish brown with brown mesonotal stripes (as in
<figureCitation id="132AEFC0FFEB0C6EFC304A40FC279D6A" box="[897,971,1346,1372]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 11" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[224,1371,317,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[222,1373,317,1899]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 11. Males of Chironomus detriticola sp. n. (3, 7); C. antonioi sp. n. (1, 4, 8); C. phytophilus sp. n. (2, 5, 9); C. oliveirai sp. n. (6, 10); and C. fittkaui sp. n. (11). 1 2. Dorsal aspect of thorax. 3 6. Dorsal aspect of abdomen. 7 11. Fore-, mid-, and hind legs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177154/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Sternum yellowish brown; scutellum yellowish; postnotum brownish, darkened in posterior portion. Abdomen, pale brown; tergites IV with median brownish bands, tergites VIIVIII brown (as in
<figureCitation id="132AEFC0FFEB0C6EFCF34A90FC609D9A" box="[834,908,1426,1452]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 11" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[224,1371,317,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[222,1373,317,1899]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 11. Males of Chironomus detriticola sp. n. (3, 7); C. antonioi sp. n. (1, 4, 8); C. phytophilus sp. n. (2, 5, 9); C. oliveirai sp. n. (6, 10); and C. fittkaui sp. n. (11). 1 2. Dorsal aspect of thorax. 3 6. Dorsal aspect of abdomen. 7 11. Fore-, mid-, and hind legs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177154/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Legs (
<figureCitation id="132AEFC0FFEB0C6EFC434A90FBA79D9A" box="[1010,1099,1426,1452]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 11" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[224,1371,317,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[222,1373,317,1899]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 11. Males of Chironomus detriticola sp. n. (3, 7); C. antonioi sp. n. (1, 4, 8); C. phytophilus sp. n. (2, 5, 9); C. oliveirai sp. n. (6, 10); and C. fittkaui sp. n. (11). 1 2. Dorsal aspect of thorax. 3 6. Dorsal aspect of abdomen. 7 11. Fore-, mid-, and hind legs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177154/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
), yellowish brown; apex of femur, tibia, and tarsi of all legs brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAEF345FFEB0C6EFF744AE1FCA29E42" blockId="12.[151,1437,626,2021]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEB0C6EFF744AE1FEE09DCA" box="[197,268,1507,1532]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">Head.</emphasis>
Flagellum [1000] 8331117 µm long; AR = [2.84] 2.212.84. Palpomere 25 lengths (in µm): [31] 3140, [139] 120154, [167] 130167, [265] 213265. Frontal tubercles [28] 1228 µm long, about 2 times as long as wide. Dorsal and ventral interocular distance [93] 80154 µm and [99] 99160 µm, respectively. Temporal setae [27] 2027. Clypeus with [18] 1618 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAEF345FFEB0C6EFF744981FEC29EDA" blockId="12.[151,1437,626,2021]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEB0C6EFF744981FECD9EAA" box="[197,289,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">Thorax.</emphasis>
Acrostichals [6] 6, biserial, beginning near antepronotum; dorsocentrals [10] 910, partly biserial; prealars [4] 4; supraalar [1] 1. Scutellum with [12] 814 uniserial, transversally arranged setae. Scutal tubercle low.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAEF345FFEB0C6EFF7449F9FE8E9FA4" blockId="12.[151,1437,626,2021]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEB0C6EFF7449F9FEEB9F22" box="[197,263,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">Wing.</emphasis>
Length [2.09]
<quantity id="4CE95EA0FFEB0C6EFE7149F8FD9E9F22" box="[448,626,1786,1812]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.035" metricValueMax="2.32" metricValueMin="1.75" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="2.035" valueMax="2.32" valueMin="1.75">1.752.32 mm</quantity>
. Membrane transparent, without setae; most veins pale brown; RM brown, darker than FCu. Brachiolum with [2] 2 setae, R with [26] 1833 setae, R1 with [23] 1024 setae, R4+5 with [31] 1131 setae in distal 4/5. Squama with [9] 79 setae. R2+3 ends halfway between R1 and R4+5. VR = [1.06] 1.041.06.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAEF345FFEB0C6EFF7448A3FDFB9FD3" blockId="12.[151,1437,626,2021]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEB0C6EFF7448A3FEE89F8C" box="[197,260,1953,1978]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">Legs.</emphasis>
Mid- and hind ta1 with [8] 816 and [6] 612 sensilla chaetica, respectively. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs as in Table 5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAEF345FFEA0C6FFF744F9AFCA9991C" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1658]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFF744F9AFEB79887" box="[197,347,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Hypopygium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132AEFC0FFEA0C6FFEDD4F9AFE2A9884" box="[364,454,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 21" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1744,1768]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,197,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,1720]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 12 21. Males of Chironomus detriticola sp. n. (12 13); C. antonioi sp. n. (14 15); C. phytophilus sp. n. (16 17); C. oliveirai sp. n. (18 19); and C. fittkaui sp. n. (20 21). 12, 14, 16, 18, 20. Hypopygium. 13, 15, 17, 19, 21. Superior volsella, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177155/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
). Anal tergal bands fully enclosing [7] 69 strong setae. Anal point parallel-sided. Superior volsella (
<figureCitation id="132AEFC0FFEA0C6FFEDE4FC2FE1298EC" box="[367,510,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 21" captionStartId="3.[151,269,1744,1768]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,197,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,194,1720]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 12 21. Males of Chironomus detriticola sp. n. (12 13); C. antonioi sp. n. (14 15); C. phytophilus sp. n. (16 17); C. oliveirai sp. n. (18 19); and C. fittkaui sp. n. (20 21). 12, 14, 16, 18, 20. Hypopygium. 13, 15, 17, 19, 21. Superior volsella, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177155/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Figs. 20, 21</figureCitation>
), straight, with blunt apex; basal lobe with [8] 69 long setae. Inferior volsella weakly clubbed, not extending beyond mid-point of gonostylus. Gonostylus elongate, [140] 140168 µm long; distal part slender, with [4] 46 inner marginal setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAEF345FFEA0C6FFF744E35FEB29964" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1658]" box="[197,350,311,338]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFF744E35FEEA9967" bold="true" box="[197,262,311,337]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Pupa</emphasis>
(n = 3)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAEF345FFEA0C6FFF744E62FC93994C" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1658]" box="[197,895,352,378]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Length of abdomen [3.8] 3.04.0 mm. Exuviae pale brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAEF345FFEA0C6FFF744E8AFAC799FC" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1658]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFF744E8AFE909997" box="[197,380,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Cephalothorax.</emphasis>
Cephalic tubercles conical, frontal setae [25] 1526 µm long. Thorax granulose in anteromedian dorsal region; scutal tubercle present; lateral antepronotals 2, precorneals 2, dorsocentrals 4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAEF345FFEA0C6FFF744EDAFA6B9A8C" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1658]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFF744EDAFED099C7" box="[197,316,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Tergite VI with fine shagreenation more numerous near posterior margin, T VII with fine shagreenation near anterior margin, T VIII with pair of posteromedian patches of fine shagreen, T VVI with posterolateral point patches. Conjunctives IV/V and V/VI with fine shagreenation. Hook row continuous, occupying 2/3 width of segment II. Pedes spurii B present on segment II. Pedes spurii A present on segment IV. Spur on segment VIII with 1 apical tooth (
<figureCitation id="132AEFC0FFEA0C6FFD734D7AFCF79AA4" box="[706,795,632,658]" captionStart="FIGURES 22 29" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1912,1936]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,354,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[156,1431,354,1888]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 22 29. Pupae of Chironomus detriticola sp. n. (22); C. antonioi sp. n. (23); C. phytophilus sp. n. (24 26); C. oliveirai sp. n. (27 28); and C. fittkaui sp. n. (29). 22, 23, 26, 28, 29. Anal spur. 24. Dorsocentrals (Dc 1 and Dc 2, 3, 4). 25, 27. Abdomen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177156/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
). Segments IIV with 0, 3, 3, 3 L setae, respectively; segments VVIII each with 4 taeniae. Anal lobe with 1 stout dorsal seta and about 100 taeniate fringe setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAEF345FFEA0C6FFF744DC5FE329AD4" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1658]" box="[197,478,711,738]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFF744DC5FE6A9AD7" bold="true" box="[197,390,711,737]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">4th instar larva</emphasis>
(n = 6)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAEF345FFEA0C6FFF744DF2FF239B04" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1658]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">
Total length 8.011.0,
<quantity id="4CE95EA0FFEA0C6FFE644DF2FDD99B3C" box="[469,565,752,778]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="9.3">9.3 mm</quantity>
. Coloration: body red; head yellowish, postmentum (
<figureCitation id="132AEFC0FFEA0C6FFB094DF2FAFD9B3C" box="[1208,1297,752,778]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 58" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[233,1366,194,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[233,1367,194,1893]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 30 58. Larvae of Chironomus detriticola sp. n. (30 35); C. antonioi sp. n. (36 41); C. phytophilus sp. n. (42 46); C. oliveirai sp. n. (47 52); and C. fittkaui sp. n. (53 58). 30, 36, 42, 48, 54. Antenna. 31, 37, 43, 49, 55. Pecten epipharyngis. 32, 38, 44, 50, 56. Premandible. 33, 39, 45, 51, 57. Labral seta. 34, 40. Mandible. 35, 41, 46, 52, 58. Mentum and ventromental plate. 47, 53. Postmentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177157/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
), with dark spot.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAEF345FFEA0C6FFF744C42FC899C7C" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1658]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFF744C42FEE09B6F" box="[197,268,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Head.</emphasis>
Ventral head length [235] 224239, 233 µm; head width [466] 466521, 493 µm. Antenna (
<figureCitation id="132AEFC0FFEA0C6FFADC4C42FF549BB4" captionStart="FIGURES 30 58" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[233,1366,194,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[233,1367,194,1893]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 30 58. Larvae of Chironomus detriticola sp. n. (30 35); C. antonioi sp. n. (36 41); C. phytophilus sp. n. (42 46); C. oliveirai sp. n. (47 52); and C. fittkaui sp. n. (53 58). 30, 36, 42, 48, 54. Antenna. 31, 37, 43, 49, 55. Pecten epipharyngis. 32, 38, 44, 50, 56. Premandible. 33, 39, 45, 51, 57. Labral seta. 34, 40. Mandible. 35, 41, 46, 52, 58. Mentum and ventromental plate. 47, 53. Postmentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177157/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
), [162] 150162, 156 µm long; AR = [2.01] 1.712.01, 1,86; ring organ near base; antennal blade not surpassing segment four. Pecten epipharyngis (
<figureCitation id="132AEFC0FFEA0C6FFD294C92FD039B9C" box="[664,751,912,938]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 58" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[233,1366,194,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[233,1367,194,1893]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 30 58. Larvae of Chironomus detriticola sp. n. (30 35); C. antonioi sp. n. (36 41); C. phytophilus sp. n. (42 46); C. oliveirai sp. n. (47 52); and C. fittkaui sp. n. (53 58). 30, 36, 42, 48, 54. Antenna. 31, 37, 43, 49, 55. Pecten epipharyngis. 32, 38, 44, 50, 56. Premandible. 33, 39, 45, 51, 57. Labral seta. 34, 40. Mandible. 35, 41, 46, 52, 58. Mentum and ventromental plate. 47, 53. Postmentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177157/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
), simple, consisting of about 19 subequal teeth. Premandible (
<figureCitation id="132AEFC0FFEA0C6FFF7B4CBAFECD9BE4" box="[202,289,952,978]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 58" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[233,1366,194,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[233,1367,194,1893]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 30 58. Larvae of Chironomus detriticola sp. n. (30 35); C. antonioi sp. n. (36 41); C. phytophilus sp. n. (42 46); C. oliveirai sp. n. (47 52); and C. fittkaui sp. n. (53 58). 30, 36, 42, 48, 54. Antenna. 31, 37, 43, 49, 55. Pecten epipharyngis. 32, 38, 44, 50, 56. Premandible. 33, 39, 45, 51, 57. Labral seta. 34, 40. Mandible. 35, 41, 46, 52, 58. Mentum and ventromental plate. 47, 53. Postmentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177157/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
), with 2 dark teeth and well-developed brush. SI (
<figureCitation id="132AEFC0FFEA0C6FFCD24CBAFC569BE4" box="[867,954,952,978]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 58" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[233,1366,194,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[233,1367,194,1893]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 30 58. Larvae of Chironomus detriticola sp. n. (30 35); C. antonioi sp. n. (36 41); C. phytophilus sp. n. (42 46); C. oliveirai sp. n. (47 52); and C. fittkaui sp. n. (53 58). 30, 36, 42, 48, 54. Antenna. 31, 37, 43, 49, 55. Pecten epipharyngis. 32, 38, 44, 50, 56. Premandible. 33, 39, 45, 51, 57. Labral seta. 34, 40. Mandible. 35, 41, 46, 52, 58. Mentum and ventromental plate. 47, 53. Postmentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177157/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Fig. 57</figureCitation>
), plumose. Mandible (as in
<figureCitation id="132AEFC0FFEA0C6FFB4F4CBAFAB89BE4" box="[1278,1364,952,978]" captionStart="FIGURES 30 58" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[233,1366,194,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[233,1367,194,1893]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 30 58. Larvae of Chironomus detriticola sp. n. (30 35); C. antonioi sp. n. (36 41); C. phytophilus sp. n. (42 46); C. oliveirai sp. n. (47 52); and C. fittkaui sp. n. (53 58). 30, 36, 42, 48, 54. Antenna. 31, 37, 43, 49, 55. Pecten epipharyngis. 32, 38, 44, 50, 56. Premandible. 33, 39, 45, 51, 57. Labral seta. 34, 40. Mandible. 35, 41, 46, 52, 58. Mentum and ventromental plate. 47, 53. Postmentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177157/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
), with yellowish brown dorsal tooth; apical and two inner teeth blackish; inner margin with 3 spines. Mentum (
<figureCitation id="132AEFC0FFEA0C6FFADC4CE2FF5B9C14" captionStart="FIGURES 30 58" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[233,1366,194,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[233,1367,194,1893]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 30 58. Larvae of Chironomus detriticola sp. n. (30 35); C. antonioi sp. n. (36 41); C. phytophilus sp. n. (42 46); C. oliveirai sp. n. (47 52); and C. fittkaui sp. n. (53 58). 30, 36, 42, 48, 54. Antenna. 31, 37, 43, 49, 55. Pecten epipharyngis. 32, 38, 44, 50, 56. Premandible. 33, 39, 45, 51, 57. Labral seta. 34, 40. Mandible. 35, 41, 46, 52, 58. Mentum and ventromental plate. 47, 53. Postmentum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177157/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Fig. 58</figureCitation>
), with slightly incised, trifid median tooth; and 6 pairs of blackish, lateral teeth. Ventromental plates separated by about 1/3 width of mentum, anterior margin smooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAEF345FFEA0C6FFF744B5AFBA99CAC" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1658]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFF744B5AFED09C47" box="[197,316,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Anal tubules with median constriction; lateral tubules about 1/3 as long as 8th abdominal segment; with 2 pairs of ventral tubules, 1.01.8,
<quantity id="4CE95EA0FFEA0C6FFD044B82FCE29CAC" box="[693,782,1152,1178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
long, slender in distal 1/2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30BA0CEFFEA0C6FFF744BA5FDA89E4C" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAEF345FFEA0C6FFF744BA5FB069D84" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1658]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFF744BA5FED29CF7" bold="true" box="[197,318,1191,1217]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Remarks.</emphasis>
The most similar Neotropical males are
<taxonomicName id="4C1188C6FFEA0C6FFCAE4BAAFC559CF7" box="[799,953,1192,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonymus">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFCAE4BAAFC559CF7" box="[799,953,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">C. anonymus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1188C6FFEA0C6FFC764BAAFB6F9CF7" box="[967,1155,1192,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbiensis">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFC764BAAFC369CF7" box="[967,986,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFC5B4BAAFB6F9CF7" box="[1002,1155,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">columbiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1188C6FFEA0C6FFB234BAAFAED9CF7" box="[1170,1281,1192,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rincon">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFB234BAAFB499CF7" box="[1170,1189,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFB044BAAFAED9CF7" box="[1205,1281,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">rincon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1188C6FFEA0C6FFA8A4BAAFF299CDF" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antonioi">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFA8A4BAAFAA29CF7" box="[1339,1358,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFAEF4BAAFF299CDF" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">antonioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C1188C6FFEA0C6FFEFF4BD2FE289CDF" box="[334,452,1232,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFEFF4BD2FE289CDF" box="[334,452,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">C. fittkaui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated by the coloration of the legs and abdominal tergites; the shape of the gonostylus, which is more inflated and abruptly tapered at apex in
<taxonomicName id="4C1188C6FFEA0C6FFC7E4BFAFBBE9D27" box="[975,1106,1272,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antonioi">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFC7E4BFAFBBE9D27" box="[975,1106,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">C. antonioi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and the length of the wing, which is shorter than in
<taxonomicName id="4C1188C6FFEA0C6FFE074A22FDBD9D0F" box="[438,593,1312,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonymus">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFE074A22FE269D0F" box="[438,458,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFE6B4A22FDBD9D0F" box="[474,593,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">anonymus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1188C6FFEA0C6FFDD14A22FCF09D0F" box="[608,796,1312,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbiensis">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFDD14A22FD9F9D0F" box="[608,627,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFD324A22FCF09D0F" box="[643,796,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">columbiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1188C6FFEA0C6FFCE64A22FC2B9D0F" box="[855,967,1312,1338]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rincon">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFCE64A22FC869D0F" box="[855,874,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFCCA4A22FC2B9D0F" box="[891,967,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">rincon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C1188C6FFEA0C6FFBCC4A22FB1F9D0F" box="[1149,1267,1312,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFBCC4A22FB1F9D0F" box="[1149,1267,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">C. fittkaui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from most known Neotropical species by the different shape of the postmentum pigmentation; the mandible having two inner teeth, which is also present in
<taxonomicName id="4C1188C6FFEA0C6FFCD34A72FC1E9DBF" box="[866,1010,1392,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latistylus">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFCD34A72FC1E9DBF" box="[866,1010,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">C. latistylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1188C6FFEA0C6FFB824A72FB3F9DBF" box="[1075,1235,1392,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="detriticola">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFB824A72FB3F9DBF" box="[1075,1235,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">C. detriticola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and the ventral tubules with distal half slender, which is also present in
<taxonomicName id="4C1188C6FFEA0C6FFC974A9AFC409D87" box="[806,940,1432,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oliveirai">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFC974A9AFC409D87" box="[806,940,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">C. oliveirai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1188C6FFEA0C6FFC544A9AFB999D87" box="[997,1141,1432,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFC544A9AFB999D87" box="[997,1141,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Chironomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. AR 4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAEF345FFEA0C6FFF744ABDFDA89E4C" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,1658]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFF744ABDFEC29DEF" bold="true" box="[197,302,1471,1497]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Ecology.</emphasis>
Larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C1188C6FFEA0C6FFE004AC2FDCB9DEF" box="[433,551,1472,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fittkaui">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFE004AC2FDCB9DEF" box="[433,551,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">C. fittkaui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected from sediments in the
<collectingCountry id="F306B3D5FFEA0C6FFC5C4AC2FBC59DEC" box="[1005,1065,1472,1498]" name="Malta" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Mata</collectingCountry>
Reservoir (Fazenda Canchim - EMBRAPA, São Carlos), the Represa Velha Reservoir and from pisciculture tanks (CEPTA/IBAMA, Pirassununga).
<taxonomicName id="4C1188C6FFEA0C6FFF4B4912FE669E1F" box="[250,394,1552,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9652F57FFEA0C6FFF4B4912FE669E1F" box="[250,394,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Chironomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae are common in the sediments in the Velha Reservoir and the pisciculture tanks (
<bibRefCitation id="EF808EB4FFEA0C6FFF2E493AFEAB9E64" author="Campos" box="[159,327,1592,1618]" pageId="13" pageNumber="67" refString="Campos, A. F. (1999) Macroinvertebrados bentonicos em viveiros de criacao de peixes do Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Peixes Tropicais - Cepta, Pirassununga. Mestrado em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais (PPG-ERN), Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, 65 pp." type="book" year="1999">Campos 1999</bibRefCitation>
). However, in the
<collectingCountry id="F306B3D5FFEA0C6FFDAF493AFDB69E64" box="[542,602,1592,1618]" name="Malta" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Mata</collectingCountry>
Reservoir they only constitute 510% of the
<taxonomicName id="4C1188C6FFEA0C6FFBDE493AFAFB9E64" box="[1135,1303,1592,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
abundance (
<bibRefCitation id="EF808EB4FFEA0C6FFF2E4962FDDB9E4C" author="Strixino" box="[159,567,1632,1658]" pageId="13" pageNumber="68" refString="Strixino, G. &amp; Trivinho-Strixino, S. (1998). Povoamentos de Chironomidae (Diptera) em lagos artificiais. In: Nessimian, J. L. &amp; Carvalho, A. L. (Eds.), Ecologia de Insetos Aquaticos. Series Oecologia Brasiliensis, PPGE-UFR, Rio de Janeiro, 5, 141 - 154." type="journal article" year="1998">Strixino &amp; Trivinho-Strixino 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>