614 lines
74 KiB
XML
614 lines
74 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="37FB4277461D0A1E34CAE60CDF7ECBF7">Revision of the Bivalvia from the Upper Jurassic Reuchenette Formation, Northwest Switzerland — Ostreoidea</mods:title>
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<treatment id="039087D7C0344610FF68FD71FE92379C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6102712" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119599520" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6102712" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039087D7C0344610FF68FD71FE92379C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087D7C0344610FF68FD71FE92379C" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection id="C323654AC034460DFF68FD71FCEA376C" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8636C1C034460DFF68FD71FD1E31CF" blockId="45.[151,749,690,749]" box="[151,749,690,716]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<heading id="D0CE81ADC034460DFF68FD71FD1E31CF" bold="true" box="[151,749,690,716]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C034460DFF68FD71FD1E31CF" authority="Contejean, 1859" authorityName="Contejean" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,749,690,716]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
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<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C034460DFF68FD71FD1E31CF" bold="true" box="[151,749,690,716]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C034460DFF68FD71FDFA31CF" bold="true" box="[151,521,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Praeexogyra monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C034460DFDE7FD71FD1631CF" author="Contejean" box="[536,741,690,716]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Contejean, C. H. (1859) Etude de l'etage Kimmeridien dans les environs de Montbeliard et dans le Jura, la France et l'Angleterre. Memoires de la Societe d'Emulation du Doubs, Year 1858, 1 - 352." type="journal article" year="1859">Contejean, 1859</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8636C1C034460DFF68FD17FCC430C0" blockId="45.[151,749,690,749]" lastBlockId="45.[159,1257,813,1179]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<figureCitation id="13022A44C034460DFF68FD17FEED31EE" box="[151,286,724,749]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 18" captionStart-1="FIGURE 19" captionStartId-0="46.[151,250,658,680]" captionStartId-1="46.[151,250,1757,1779]" captionTargetBox-0="[173,1415,199,630]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,791,1735]" captionTargetId-0="figure@46.[167,1419,195,636]" captionTargetId-1="figure@46.[151,1436,791,1736]" captionTargetPageId-0="46" captionTargetPageId-1="46" captionText-0="FIGURE 18. Praeexogyra monsbeliardensis (Contejean, 1859). 1 – 3. LV, MC- 27 E- 139, paralectotype, Contejean Collection (Musée Cuvier in Montbéliard, France): 1, interior; 2, anterior; 3, lateral, with large attachment area; scale x 1. 4. Juvenile LV, attached to Camptonectes auritus, FPJ Glov. 5.2. 98 MB / 3 - 60, Glovelier (Banné Marls, Lower Kimmeridgian)." captionText-1="FIGURE 19. Praeexogyra monsbeliardensis. 1 – 5. Lectotype, MC- 27 - E- 141 (designated herein): 1, refigured drawing of Contejean’s (1859) fig. 1 of pl. 26; 2, RV lateral; 3, LV anterodorsal view; 4, LV, attachment area; 5, magnified portion of ventral margin, with antimarginal furrows; “ Côte de Rôce ” in Montbéliard, France, Lower Kimmeridgian, cymodoce Zone. Scale bars 10 mm (Figs. 1 – 3); 5 mm (Figs. 4 – 5)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/288052/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/288053/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figs. 18–19</figureCitation>
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; Pl. 12.3–4; Pl. 13; Pl. 14.1–4; Pl. 21 * 1859
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C034460DFEC3FCEDFD7A3040" authority="Monsbeliardensis Contej." authorityName="Monsbeliardensis Contej." box="[316,649,813,835]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Ostrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C034460DFEC3FCEDFDC93040" box="[316,570,813,835]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ostrea Monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
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Contej.
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</taxonomicName>
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—Contejean: p. 321, pl. 26, fig.
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<date id="FF871001C034460DFC2DFCEEFEE1306C" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1861-04-01">1–4. 1861</date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C034460DFEC3FC99FD90306C" authority="Monsbeliardensis Ctj." authorityName="Monsbeliardensis Ctj." box="[316,611,857,879]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Ostrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C034460DFEC3FC99FDC9306C" box="[316,570,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ostrea Monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
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Ctj.
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</taxonomicName>
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—Thurmann & Etallon (in
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<date id="FF871001C034460DFC85FC9AFC02306C" box="[890,1009,857,879]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1861" valueMax="1864">1861–1864</date>
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): p. 53. 1862
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C034460DFEC3FC47FD8E309A" authority="Monsbeliardensis Contj." authorityName="Monsbeliardensis Contj." box="[316,637,899,921]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Ostrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C034460DFEC3FC47FDC9309A" box="[316,570,899,921]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ostrea Monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
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Contj.
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</taxonomicName>
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—Thurmann & Etallon (in
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<date id="FF871001C034460DFC6BFC40FBF9309A" box="[916,1034,899,921]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1861" valueMax="1864">1861–1864</date>
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): p. 272, pl. 38, fig. 8. 1867
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C034460DFEC3FC6DFD6230C0" authority="Monsbeliardensis, Contej." authorityName="Monsbeliardensis, Contej." box="[316,657,941,963]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Ostrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C034460DFEC3FC6DFDC930C0" box="[316,570,941,963]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ostrea Monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
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, Contej.
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</taxonomicName>
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—Favre: p. 471.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8636C1C034460DFF1FFC1AFC9B30EC" blockId="45.[159,1257,813,1179]" box="[224,872,985,1007]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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1870
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C034460DFEC3FC19FD9930EC" authority="Monsbeliardensis, Ctj." authorityName="Monsbeliardensis, Ctj." box="[316,618,985,1007]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Ostrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C034460DFEC3FC19FDC930EC" box="[316,570,985,1007]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ostrea Monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
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, Ctj.
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</taxonomicName>
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—Greppin, J.-B.: p. 104.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8636C1C034460DFF1FFBC0FCA9371A" blockId="45.[159,1257,813,1179]" box="[224,858,1027,1049]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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1875
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C034460DFEC3FBC7FD8C371A" authority="Monsbeliardensis Contj." authorityName="Monsbeliardensis Contj." box="[316,639,1027,1049]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Ostrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C034460DFEC3FBC7FDC9371A" box="[316,570,1027,1049]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ostrea Monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
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Contj.
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</taxonomicName>
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—Blake: p. 207, 221.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8636C1C034460DFF1FFBECFCCF3746" blockId="45.[159,1257,813,1179]" box="[224,828,1071,1093]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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1892
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C034460DFEC3FBF3FD7D3746" authority="Contej." authorityName="Contej." box="[316,654,1071,1093]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Ostrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
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<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C034460DFEC3FBF3FDC43746" box="[316,567,1071,1093]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ostrea monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
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, Contej.
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</taxonomicName>
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—Roberts: p. 76.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8636C1C034460DFF1FFB9AFCEA376C" blockId="45.[159,1257,813,1179]" box="[224,793,1113,1135]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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1897
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C034460DFEC3FB9AFD76376C" authority="Contej." authorityName="Contej." box="[316,645,1113,1135]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Ostrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">Ostrea monsbeliardensis Contej.</taxonomicName>
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—Reed: p. 45.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C323654AC034460DFF1FFB46FCE53414" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8636C1C034460DFF1FFB46FB563798" blockId="45.[159,1257,813,1179]" box="[224,1189,1157,1179]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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1971
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C034460DFEC3FB45FCF23798" authority="Contejean, 1859" authorityName="Contejean" authorityYear="1859" box="[316,769,1157,1179]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Liostrea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
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<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C034460DFEC3FB45FDB53798" box="[316,582,1157,1179]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Liostrea monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C034460DFDABFB46FD083798" author="Contejean" box="[596,763,1157,1179]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Contejean, C. H. (1859) Etude de l'etage Kimmeridien dans les environs de Montbeliard et dans le Jura, la France et l'Angleterre. Memoires de la Societe d'Emulation du Doubs, Year 1858, 1 - 352." type="journal article" year="1859">Contejean, 1859</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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—Pugaczewska: p. 260, pl. 17, figs. 5–9.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8636C1C034460DFF68FB20FAF7368F" blockId="45.[151,1437,1251,2032]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C034460DFF68FB20FDFE37FF" bold="true" box="[151,525,1251,1276]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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||
<typeStatus id="54828863C034460DFF68FB20FEFE37FF" box="[151,269,1251,1276]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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||
(designated herein).
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C034460DFDE4FB27FC0F37FF" authority="Contejean 1859" authorityName="Contejean" authorityYear="1859" box="[539,1020,1251,1276]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Ostrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
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||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C034460DFDE4FB27FCC437FF" box="[539,823,1251,1276]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ostrea monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C034460DFCBAFB20FC0F37FF" author="Contejean" box="[837,1020,1251,1276]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Contejean, C. H. (1859) Etude de l'etage Kimmeridien dans les environs de Montbeliard et dans le Jura, la France et l'Angleterre. Memoires de la Societe d'Emulation du Doubs, Year 1858, 1 - 352." type="journal article" year="1859">Contejean 1859</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(pl. 26, figs. 1–3), MC-27-E-141: bivalved specimen (Fig. 19.1–2). Rôce in Sainte-Suzanne, Montbéliard (Department Haute-Saône),
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<collectingCountry id="F32E7651C034460DFAB6FACBFA6A361C" box="[1353,1433,1288,1311]" name="France" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">France</collectingCountry>
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||
. Coordinates:
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<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C034460DFEC9FAEFFEA33640" box="[310,336,1324,1347]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">ca</emphasis>
|
||
.
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0D5006C034460DFE98FAEFFDFC3647" box="[359,527,1324,1348]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="1" value="47.505646">47°30'20.33''N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0D5006C034460DFDDCFAE8FD4B3647" box="[547,696,1323,1348]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" precision="1" value="6.7975">6°47'51.00''E</geoCoordinate>
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(exact position of locality unknown). Lower Kimmeridgian,
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<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C034460DFF68FA8CFEF4366B" box="[151,263,1359,1384]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">cymodoce</emphasis>
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||
Zone, niveau 6 sensu
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C034460DFDFDFA8CFD34366B" author="Contejean" box="[514,711,1359,1384]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Contejean, C. H. (1859) Etude de l'etage Kimmeridien dans les environs de Montbeliard et dans le Jura, la France et l'Angleterre. Memoires de la Societe d'Emulation du Doubs, Year 1858, 1 - 352." type="journal article" year="1859">Contejean (1859)</bibRefCitation>
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||
, "Marnes à Ptérocères" (facies and time-equivalent of the Banné Member, Reuchenette Formation in
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||
<collectingCountry id="F32E7651C034460DFDD2FAB0FD46368F" box="[557,693,1395,1420]" name="Switzerland" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
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||
) = "Marnes du Rang",
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C034460DFC48FAB0FAF3368F" author="Contini" box="[951,1280,1395,1420]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Contini, D. & Hantzpergue, P. (1973) Le Kimmeridgien de la region de Montbeliard. Annales scientifiques de l'Universite de Besancon, Serie 3, 18, 143 - 179." type="journal article" year="1973">Contini & Hantzpergue 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8636C1C034460DFF38FA54FCE53414" blockId="45.[151,1437,1251,2032]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
The label associated with the four figured
|
||
<typeStatus id="54828863C034460DFD60FA5BFCF236B3" box="[671,769,1432,1456]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C034460DFCD9FA54FB5436B3" author="Contejean" box="[806,1191,1431,1456]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Contejean, C. H. (1859) Etude de l'etage Kimmeridien dans les environs de Montbeliard et dans le Jura, la France et l'Angleterre. Memoires de la Societe d'Emulation du Doubs, Year 1858, 1 - 352." type="journal article" year="1859">Contejean (1859, pl. 26, figs. 1–4)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentions Beauregard and Rôce as “
|
||
<typeStatus id="54828863C034460DFED1FA7FFE9136D7" box="[302,354,1468,1492]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
” localities and Marnes of the niveau 6 of Contejean (= “Marnes et Calcaires à ptérocères” [marls and limestones with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C034460DFE6FFA1CFDE836FB" box="[400,539,1503,1528]" class="Gastropoda" family="Harpagodidae" genus="Harpagodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caenogastropoda" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C034460DFE6FFA1CFDE836FB" box="[400,539,1503,1528]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Harpagodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] as reference to the horizon. Obviously, the label mentioned two different localities and the material might have been assembled in one box after removing the specimens from the original tray. Both sites are close to each other, Beauregard being a locality
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C034460DFC60F9EBFC32353C" box="[927,961,1576,1599]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">ca.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B24C034460DFC35F9EBFBF63543" box="[970,1029,1575,1600]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
northeast of Montbéliard and Rôce referring to the ancient locality "Côte de Rôce" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C034460DFD15F988FBF53567" author="Contejean" box="[746,1030,1611,1636]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Contejean, C. H. (1859) Etude de l'etage Kimmeridien dans les environs de Montbeliard et dans le Jura, la France et l'Angleterre. Memoires de la Societe d'Emulation du Doubs, Year 1858, 1 - 352." type="journal article" year="1859" yearSuffix="p">Contejean 1859, p. 203</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in the district Sainte-Suzanne in Montbéliard (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13022A44C034460DFECDF9ACFE8B358B" box="[306,376,1647,1672]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1427,1449]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,669,1402]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[150,1436,663,1404]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Map of locations in northwestern Switzerland and adjacent areas in France (region of Montbéliard). 1 – 9. Excavation sites of the Paléontologie A 16 on the Transjurane highway (A 16) and nearby situated outcrops (Ajoie, Canton Jura, Switzerland): 1, Courtedoux – Vâ Tche Tchâ (CTD-VTT); 2, Courtedoux – Bois de Sylleux (CTD-BSY); 3, Courtedoux – Tchâfouè (CTD-TCH); 4, Courtedoux – Sur Combe Ronde (CTD-SCR); 5, Chevenez – La Scierie (CHE-CHS); 6, Porrentruy – Tunnel du Banné (POR-TLB, same position as the Banné hill); 7, Porrentruy – Cras d’Hermont (POR-CRA); 8, Courgenay – Alombre aux Vaches (CGN-ALO); 9, Boncourt – Queue au Loup (BON-QLP). 10 – 14. Localities of Contejean (1859) in the area of Montbéliard (Franche-Comté, France): 10, Bussurel close to Héricourt (Department Haute-Saône); 11, Beauregard near Châtenois-les-Forges (Department Territoire de Belfort); 12, Rôce in Sainte-Suzanne, Montbéliard (department Doubs); 13, Arbouans (Department Doubs); 14, La Baume in Audincourt (Department Doubs). 15 – 17. Swiss localities for compared material: 15, Glovelier (Canton Jura); 16, Liesberg, clay pit Andil (Canton of Basel-Country); 17, Blauen (Canton of Basel-Country)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288037/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C034460DFDFBF9ACFCE1358B" author="Contejean" box="[516,786,1647,1672]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Contejean, C. H. (1859) Etude de l'etage Kimmeridien dans les environs de Montbeliard et dans le Jura, la France et l'Angleterre. Memoires de la Societe d'Emulation du Doubs, Year 1858, 1 - 352." type="journal article" year="1859" yearSuffix="p">Contejean (1859, p. 72)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned the occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C034460DFB98F9B3FA8E358B" box="[1127,1405,1647,1672]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Ostrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C034460DFB98F9B3FA8E358B" box="[1127,1405,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ostrea monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Rôce, but not in Beauregard and the name of the species is apparently the latinized form of Montbéliard (“Monsbeliard”). It appears reasonable to assume Rôce in Montbéliard rather than Beauregard as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54828863C034460DFAF7F97BFACB35D3" box="[1288,1336,1720,1744]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. Remains of a brown-grey marl on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54828863C034460DFD9FF918FD3435F7" box="[608,711,1755,1780]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen are typical of weathered samples of the “Marnes à Ptérocères” or “Marnes du Rang” of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C034460DFDA2F93CFD3E341B" box="[605,717,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">cymodoce</emphasis>
|
||
Zone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C323654AC034460DFF38F8E0FB8234EC" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636C1C034460DFF38F8E0FDC83487" blockId="45.[151,1437,1251,2032]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C034460DFF38F8E0FEC5343F" bold="true" box="[199,310,1827,1852]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Material.</emphasis>
|
||
Lectotye (see above), and Paralectotypes—MC 27E-138–140, and 142; Musée Cuvier in Montbéliard.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54828863C034460DFECCF884FE383463" box="[307,459,1863,1888]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
MC-27E-139, a
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED28AE04C034460DFD6DF88BFD46345C" box="[658,693,1864,1887]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">LV</collectionCode>
|
||
not figured in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C034460DFC97F884FBC23463" author="Contejean" box="[872,1073,1863,1888]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" refString="Contejean, C. H. (1859) Etude de l'etage Kimmeridien dans les environs de Montbeliard et dans le Jura, la France et l'Angleterre. Memoires de la Societe d'Emulation du Doubs, Year 1858, 1 - 352." type="journal article" year="1859">Contejean (1859)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, was prepared by the author to reveal the shell interior (Fig. 18.1–3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636C1C034460DFF38F84CFB8234EC" blockId="45.[151,1437,1251,2032]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Others—More than
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3FFD48C034460DFE56F853FDB234AB" box="[425,577,1935,1960]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from the Banné Marls (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C034460DFCAFF84CFC3334AB" box="[848,960,1935,1960]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">cymodoce</emphasis>
|
||
Zone, Lower Kimmeridgian, Reuchenette Formation) of Vâ Tche Tchâ near Courtedoux. One juvenile
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED28AE04C034460DFCB6F877FC9F34C8" box="[841,876,1972,1995]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">LV</collectionCode>
|
||
from the Banné marls of Glovelier (Glov.
|
||
<date id="FF871001C034460DFAA9F870FA6F34CF" box="[1366,1436,1971,1996]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="98-02-05">5.2.98</date>
|
||
MB/3-60, FPJ-collection, Fig. 18.4, Pl. 13.3). For measurements see Appendix,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6BB037AC034460DFBE7F814FB9E34EC" box="[1048,1133,2007,2032]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="72.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1408,202,886]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="TABLE 7. Praeexogyra monsbeliardensis (Contejean, 1859)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF466649C0514668FF68FF5BFCDA33AC" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" tableUuid="DF466649C0514668FF68FF5BFCDA33AC">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF466649C037460EFF68FD51FB0431E6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288052/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" targetBox="[173,1415,199,630]" targetPageId="46">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636C1C037460EFF68FD51FB0431E6" blockId="46.[151,1436,658,741]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C037460EFF68FD51FEE831AB" bold="true" box="[151,283,658,680]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 18</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C037460EFED5FD50FCD831AB" authority="Contejean, 1859" authorityName="Contejean" authorityYear="1859" box="[298,811,658,680]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C037460EFED5FD50FD9631AB" box="[298,613,658,680]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Praeexogyra monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Contejean, 1859)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C037460EFCC9FD51FCAF31AB" bold="true" box="[822,860,658,680]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">1–3</emphasis>
|
||
. LV, MC-27E-139, paralectotype, Contejean Collection (Musée Cuvier in Montbéliard, France):
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C037460EFDC8FD73FDB031C5" bold="true" box="[567,579,688,710]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">1</emphasis>
|
||
, interior;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C037460EFD55FD73FD4531C5" bold="true" box="[682,694,688,710]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">2</emphasis>
|
||
, anterior;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C037460EFCDEFD73FCDE31C5" bold="true" box="[801,813,688,710]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">3</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral, with large attachment area; scale x1.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C037460EFAFBFD73FAE331C5" bold="true" box="[1284,1296,688,710]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">4</emphasis>
|
||
. Juvenile LV, attached to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C037460EFEF3FD13FE1A31E6" box="[268,489,720,741]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Camptonectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="auritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C037460EFEF3FD13FE1A31E6" box="[268,489,720,741]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Camptonectes auritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, FPJ Glov. 5.2.98 MB/3-60, Glovelier (Banné Marls, Lower Kimmeridgian).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF466649C037460EFF68F91EFD76344C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288053/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" targetBox="[151,1436,791,1735]" targetPageId="46">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636C1C037460EFF68F91EFD76344C" blockId="46.[151,1437,1757,1871]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C037460EFF68F91EFEEE35F0" bold="true" box="[151,285,1757,1779]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 19</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C037460EFED0F91CFD9E35F0" box="[303,621,1757,1780]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C037460EFED0F91CFD9E35F0" box="[303,621,1757,1780]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Praeexogyra monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C037460EFD80F91EFD5635F0" bold="true" box="[639,677,1757,1779]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">1–5</emphasis>
|
||
. Lectotype, MC-27-E-141 (designated herein):
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C037460EFB5DF91EFB5D35F0" bold="true" box="[1186,1198,1757,1779]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">1</emphasis>
|
||
, refigured drawing of Contejean’s (1859) fig. 1 of pl. 26;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C037460EFDF0F93FFDE83411" bold="true" box="[527,539,1788,1810]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">2</emphasis>
|
||
, RV lateral;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C037460EFD5BF93FFD423411" bold="true" box="[676,689,1788,1810]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">3</emphasis>
|
||
, LV anterodorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C037460EFC4FF93FFC303411" bold="true" box="[944,963,1788,1810]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">4,</emphasis>
|
||
LV, attachment area;
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C037460EFB56F93FFB483411" bold="true" box="[1193,1211,1788,1810]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">5,</emphasis>
|
||
magnified portion of ventral margin, with antimarginal furrows; “Côte de Rôce” in Montbéliard, France, Lower Kimmeridgian,
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C037460EFB0CF8D8FAAB3432" box="[1267,1368,1819,1841]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">cymodoce</emphasis>
|
||
Zone. Scale bars 10 mm (Figs. 1–3); 5 mm (Figs. 4–5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C323654AC037460FFF38F8B4FF06360E" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636C1C037460FFF38F8B4FE2333FB" blockId="46.[151,1436,1911,2008]" lastBlockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C037460EFF38F8B4FEA23493" bold="true" box="[199,337,1911,1936]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Shape, size—Thin-shelled, strongly inequivalve,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C037460EFC69F8B4FC173493" box="[918,996,1911,1936]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Actinostreon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="outline">outline</taxonomicName>
|
||
oval, subrectangular to subtrigonal or slightly reniform, usually higher than long. LV capacious, scoop-shaped and slightly opisthocline towards the posteroventral margin, attachment area usually large; posterior margin weakly concave, in some specimens well curved and with a weak to well-developed posterior sulcus (Pl. 12.4d; Pl. 14.3a). Most RVs evenly flat (Pl. 13.2a, 6a), occasionally with concave depression close to ventral margin (Pl. 14.3a) or dorsally slight convex. Examined specimens 2.2–4.0 cm high.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636C1C036460FFF38FEC7FEF832D3" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Sculpture—LV with squamous lamellae and swellings, interspaces with fine commarginal growth lines. Radial sculptures rare; fine divaricating furrows on ventral edge of attachment area (Fig. 19.4–5), in some specimens also a few antimarginal furrows close to the ventral margin (Pl. 13.4b,d). RV covered by narrowly spaced concentric growth lines with few growth squamae; occasionally thin plicae near ventral margin (Pl. 13.5b). RV shell surface usually heavily bioeroded by grazing regular echinoids (Pl. 12.3b, 4c); details of original shell structure thus rarely preserved.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636C1C036460FFF38FE1FFA8E32F7" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1405,476,501]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Ligament area—Somewhat oblique, usually prosodetic, in some specimens opisthodetic (Pl. 13.5; Pl. 14.2).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636C1C036460FFF38FE3CFAB03163" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Internal shell characters—LV dorsally with narrow commissural shelf; umbonal cavity small, better developed in small (“juvenile”) shells. PAM high-oval, large in relation to shell size, somewhat posterior to the centre; small Quenstedt muscle in some RVs, around
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B24C036460FFDA8FD8BFD47315C" box="[599,692,584,608]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
below the posterior bourrelet (Pl. 13.2c, 6b). No chomata.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636C1C036460FFF38FDAFFAB53186" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1350,620,645]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Microstructure—Mostly regular foliated (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E7651C036460FFD65FDAFFD4C3187" box="[666,703,620,644]" name="Russia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">RF</collectingCountry>
|
||
) with some complex CF, without chambers (Pl. 21.1a–h).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636C1C036460FFF38FD4CFC8231AB" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,881,655,680]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Prodissoconch, juvenile—Earliest shell stages not preserved.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636C1C036460FFF38FD77FC53305F" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFF38FD77FEAC31CE" bold="true" box="[199,351,692,717]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Paleoecology</emphasis>
|
||
. The oyster is often found in small groups (Pl. 12.3a) settling on shells of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFB5DFD76FAED31CF" box="[1186,1310,693,716]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pteriidae" genus="Isognomon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFB5DFD76FAED31CF" box="[1186,1310,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Isognomon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFAD2FD76FA6631CF" box="[1325,1429,693,716]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Eopecten" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinoida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFAD2FD76FA6631CF" box="[1325,1429,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Eopecten</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or flat parts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFEBFFD14FE5131F3" box="[320,418,727,752]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pinnidae" genus="Trichites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFEBFFD14FE5131F3" box="[320,418,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Trichites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Complete articulated shells
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFD15FD1AFCDC31F3" box="[746,815,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
associated with large and complete
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFB36FD14FAD931F3" box="[1225,1322,727,752]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pinnidae" genus="Trichites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFB36FD14FAD931F3" box="[1225,1322,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Trichites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shells are common in the soft marl intercalations of the Banné Member. All
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFC5EFD3EFC193017" box="[929,1002,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
RVs and many
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFB55FD3FFAFE3016" box="[1194,1293,764,789]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pinnidae" genus="Trichites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFB55FD3FFAFE3016" box="[1194,1293,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Trichites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shells show gnawing traces of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFE90FCDCFD32303B" authority="Bromley" authorityName="Bromley" box="[367,705,799,824]" class="Echinoidea" genus="Gnathichnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pentax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFE90FCDCFDA7303B" box="[367,596,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Gnathichnus pentax</emphasis>
|
||
Bromley
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, caused by regular echinoids such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFB83FCDCFEB9305F" authority="Agassiz, 1840" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1840" class="Echinoidea" family="Hemicidaridae" genus="Pseudocidaris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="thurmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFB83FCDCFA6F303B" box="[1148,1436,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Pseudocidaris thurmanni</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C036460FFF60FC87FEB0305F" author="Agassiz" box="[159,323,836,861]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Agassiz, L. (1840) Etudes critiques sur les mollusques fossiles. Memoire sur les Trigonies. Petitpierre, Neuchatel, 58 pp." type="book" year="1840">Agassiz, 1840</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, suggesting grazing on living animals (Pl. 12.3b, 4c).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636C1C036460FFF38FCA4FC6430EE" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Several regular echinoid species co-occur in this part of the section and prove fully marine conditions, whereas the highly diverse and abundant epibenthic bivalve fauna of more than 80 species indicates nutrient-rich seawater. It is therefore assumed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFE33FC72FD5930CB" box="[460,682,943,968]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFE33FC72FD5930CB" box="[460,682,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been adapted to a fully marine, low energy, marly environment which is typical of the middle and upper section of the Banné Marls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636C1C036460FFF38FC34FBA83737" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFF38FC34FEA03713" bold="true" box="[199,339,1015,1040]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFE9AFC3AFDBA3713" box="[357,585,1015,1040]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFE9AFC3AFDBA3713" box="[357,585,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from the Oxfordian and Lower Kimmeridgian of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E7651C036460FFAE4FC3BFA94370C" box="[1307,1383,1016,1039]" name="France" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E7651C036460FFF68FBDFFEEE3736" box="[151,285,1052,1077]" name="Switzerland" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
and from the Kimmeridgian of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E7651C036460FFD7DFBDFFD2C3736" box="[642,735,1052,1077]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E7651C036460FFCE9FBDFFC973736" box="[790,868,1052,1077]" name="Poland" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C036460FFC8DFBDFFBBD3737" author="Pugaczewska" box="[882,1102,1052,1077]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Pugaczewska, H. (1971) Jurassic Ostreidae of Poland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 16 (3), 195 - 311." type="journal article" year="1971">Pugaczewska 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636C1C036460FFF38FBFCFF06360E" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFF38FBFCFE96375B" bold="true" box="[199,357,1087,1112]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFE87FB82FC86375B" authority="J. Sowerby, 1816" authorityName="J. Sowerby" authorityYear="1816" box="[376,885,1087,1112]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFE87FB82FD78375B" box="[376,651,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Praeexogyra acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
(J. Sowerby, 1816)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(p. 82, pl. 135, fig. 2)—The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54828863C036460FFB22FB83FAFE375B" box="[1245,1293,1088,1112]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species has already been discussed under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFE0DFBA6FD89377E" box="[498,634,1124,1149]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Ostrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dubiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFE0DFBA6FD89377E" box="[498,634,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. dubiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The differences to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFC98FBA6FBBA377E" box="[871,1097,1124,1149]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFC98FBA6FBBA377E" box="[871,1097,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the same: pointed umbo, usually strongly curved posterior margin, the generally more slender, comma-shaped
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFB7CFB44FB2737A3" box="[1155,1236,1159,1184]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Actinostreon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="outline">outline</taxonomicName>
|
||
, more prominent growth squamae, and occasional fine antimarginal ribs close to the umbo. Similar riblets have only been found on the margin of the attachment area of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54828863C036460FFDA1FB0CFD3737EB" box="[606,708,1231,1256]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFD15FB12FC3B37EB" box="[746,968,1231,1256]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFD15FB12FC3B37EB" box="[746,968,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but not on the free parts of the shell (Fig. 19.4–5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C323654AC0364610FF38FADAFE92379C" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636C1C036460FFF38FADAFB8336E6" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFF38FADAFD463633" authority="Contejean, 1859" authorityName="Contejean" authorityYear="1859" box="[199,693,1303,1328]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dubiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFF38FADAFE213633" box="[199,466,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Praeexogyra dubiensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C036460FFE16FAD4FD5E3633" author="Contejean" box="[489,685,1303,1328]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Contejean, C. H. (1859) Etude de l'etage Kimmeridien dans les environs de Montbeliard et dans le Jura, la France et l'Angleterre. Memoires de la Societe d'Emulation du Doubs, Year 1858, 1 - 352." type="journal article" year="1859">Contejean, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(p. 320, pl. 21, figs. 4–11)—This species co-occurs in the Reuchenette Formation, but overall rare in the Kimmeridgian. Compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFC15FAFEFB3B3656" box="[1002,1224,1340,1365]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFC15FAFEFB3B3656" box="[1002,1224,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is only attached by a tiny part of the umbo, and is also smaller, less opisthogyrate, and more triangular or drop-shaped. The concentric swellings on the LV are less developed. The species seems to have preferred somewhat higher energy water (e.g. oolitic/biodetritic shoals), whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFD4FFA6AFC6136C3" box="[688,914,1447,1472]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFD4FFA6AFC6136C3" box="[688,914,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to have been restricted to the lower energy marls and marly limestones of the middle and upper parts of the Banné Member.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636C1C036460FFF38FA33FB203497" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
"
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFF2DFA33FEEE3504" box="[210,285,1520,1543]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Ostrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFF2DFA33FEEE3504" box="[210,285,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Ostrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
"
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFECFFA2CFDC5350B" authority="Forbes, 1851" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1851" box="[304,566,1519,1544]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hebridica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFECFFA2CFE68350B" box="[304,411,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">hebridica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C036460FFE5BFA2CFDC5350B" author="Forbes" box="[420,566,1519,1544]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Forbes, E. (1851) On the Estuary Beds and the Oxford Clay at Loch Staffin in Skye. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 7, 104 - 113. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1144 / GSL. JGS. 1851.007.01 - 02.24" type="journal article" year="1851">Forbes, 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(p. 110, pl. 5, figs. 4a–c)—This species has been discussed and illustrated in detail by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C036460FFF01F9D7FDAD352F" author="Arkell" box="[254,606,1556,1581]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Arkell, W. J. (1934) The oysters of the Fuller's Earth and the evolution and nomenclature of the Upper Jurassic Catinulas and Gryphaeas. Proceedings of the Cotteswold Naturalists' Field Club, 25, 21 - 68." type="journal article" year="1934" yearSuffix="p">Arkell (1934, p. 9–15, pls. 3–4)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the Bathonian of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E7651C036460FFC9CF9D7FC33352E" box="[867,960,1556,1581]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E7651C036460FFC09F9D7FBAB352E" box="[1014,1112,1556,1581]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Scotland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see also discussion under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFA78F9D6FEF23553" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dubiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFA78F9D6FEF23553" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. dubiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The species differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFDB7F9FAFCD83553" box="[584,811,1591,1616]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFDB7F9FAFCD83553" box="[584,811,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its larger size and more elongate and posteriorly stronger recurved shape (except for the elongated, straight morphotype). The attachment area is much smaller, and the umbo more pointed and stronger opisthogyrate. The distance between the marked growth squamae is at least twice as wide as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFE89F966FDA535BE" box="[374,598,1700,1725]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFE89F966FDA535BE" box="[374,598,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The ostreoid hinge is similar to the one known from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFB43F966FA6F35BE" box="[1212,1436,1700,1725]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFB43F966FA6F35BE" box="[1212,1436,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compare
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C036460FFEF7F904FE6135E3" author="Arkell" box="[264,402,1735,1760]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Arkell, W. J. (1934) The oysters of the Fuller's Earth and the evolution and nomenclature of the Upper Jurassic Catinulas and Gryphaeas. Proceedings of the Cotteswold Naturalists' Field Club, 25, 21 - 68." type="journal article" year="1934">Arkell 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 4, figs. 6, 13–14, 16 with pl. 8, figs. 2–3), but the ligament area is larger (in comparison more than twice as high). Both species are known to have radial furrows and ribs in the dorsal third of the LV. But in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFF4AF8D3FEB7342B" box="[181,324,1807,1832]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hebridica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFF4AF8D3FEB7342B" box="[181,324,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E7651C036460FFF4AF8D3FF3F3424" box="[181,204,1808,1831]" name="Iceland" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. hebridica
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the radial elements are also visible (if developed) on the LV behind the attachment area, whereas they are restricted to the attached part in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFD99F8F6FCB6344E" box="[614,837,1844,1869]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFD99F8F6FCB6344E" box="[614,837,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Long antimarginal riblets are well developed on the RV of some specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C036460FFE4FF894FD3E3473" author="Arkell" box="[432,717,1879,1904]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Arkell, W. J. (1934) The oysters of the Fuller's Earth and the evolution and nomenclature of the Upper Jurassic Catinulas and Gryphaeas. Proceedings of the Cotteswold Naturalists' Field Club, 25, 21 - 68." type="journal article" year="1934">Arkell 1934, pl. 4, fig. 8</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and much stronger than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFBE7F89AFB0B3473" box="[1048,1272,1879,1904]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFBE7F89AFB0B3473" box="[1048,1272,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, large chambers in the LV of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFE2AF8BEFDAE3496" box="[469,605,1916,1941]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hebridica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFE2AF8BEFDAE3496" box="[469,605,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. hebridica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unknown from the thin-shelled
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFC12F8BEFB3F3496" box="[1005,1228,1916,1941]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFC12F8BEFB3F3496" box="[1005,1228,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">P. monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636C1C0364610FF38F863FADF33D6" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="48.[151,1437,151,1184]" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
"
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C036460FFF2DF862FEEE34BB" box="[210,285,1953,1976]" class="Bivalvia" family="Ostreidae" genus="Ostrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFF2DF862FEEE34BB" box="[210,285,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Ostrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
"
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFED0F863FE6834BA" box="[303,411,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">pustulosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C036460FFE5EF863FDC734BA" author="Sharpe" box="[417,564,1952,1977]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Sharpe, D. (1850) On the secondary district of Portugal, which lies on the North of the Tagus. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 6, 135 - 201. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1144 / GSL. JGS. 1850.006.01 - 02.18" type="journal article" year="1850">Sharpe, 1850</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(p. 188, pl. 24, 4a,b)—The species was originally described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C036460FFB02F863FA6F34BA" author="Sharpe" box="[1277,1436,1952,1977]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Sharpe, D. (1850) On the secondary district of Portugal, which lies on the North of the Tagus. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 6, 135 - 201. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1144 / GSL. JGS. 1850.006.01 - 02.18" type="journal article" year="1850">Sharpe (1850)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the Kimmeridgian of Torres Vedras/Sobral in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E7651C036460FFD08F807FCAA34DE" box="[759,857,1988,2013]" name="Portugal" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C036460FFC96F807FBE534DF" author="Fursich" box="[873,1046,1988,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Fursich, F. T. (1981) Salinity-controlled benthic associations from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal. Lethaia, 14, 203 - 223. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1502 - 3931.1981. tb 01690. x" type="journal article" year="1981">Fürsich (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C036460FFBD9F807FAE834DF" box="[1062,1307,1988,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refString="Fursich, F. T., Werner, W. & Schneider, S. (2009) Autochthonous to parautochthonous bivalve concentrations within transgressive marginal marine strata of the Upper Jurassic of Portugal. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 89 (3), 161 - 190. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12549 - 009 - 0008 - 2" type="journal article">
|
||
Fürsich
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C036460FFB79F806FB3034DE" box="[1158,1219,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2009)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Schneider (2009) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C0294610FEE8FF54FDE533B3" box="[279,534,151,176]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Schneider, S., Fursich, F. T., Schulz-Mirbach, T. & Werner, W. (2010) Ecophenotypic plasticity versus evolutionary trends - morphological variability in Upper Jurassic bivalve shells from Portugal. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 55 (4), 701 - 732. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4202 / app. 2009.0062" type="journal article">
|
||
Schneider
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FE72FF5AFE3633B3" box="[397,453,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included it in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C0294610FD4AFF5AFCB633B3" box="[693,837,153,176]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FD4AFF5AFCB633B3" box="[693,837,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Praeexogyra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the two figured
|
||
<typeStatus id="54828863C0294610FB89FF5BFB2B33B3" box="[1142,1240,152,176]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C0294610FB02FF54FA6F33B3" author="Sharpe" box="[1277,1436,151,176]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Sharpe, D. (1850) On the secondary district of Portugal, which lies on the North of the Tagus. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 6, 135 - 201. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1144 / GSL. JGS. 1850.006.01 - 02.18" type="journal article" year="1850">Sharpe (1850)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
do not fit in the diagnosis by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C0294610FE21FF7FFD7233D7" author="Stenzel" box="[478,641,188,213]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Stenzel, H. B. (1971) Oysters. In: Moore, R. C. (Eds.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part N, Mollusca 6 (Bivalvia). Vol. 3. Geological Society of America, University of Kansas, Boulder, pp. N 953 - N 1124." type="journal article" year="1971">Stenzel (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
or the modified diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C0294610FC33FF7EFBAE33D7" box="[972,1117,189,212]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FC33FF7EFBAE33D7" box="[972,1117,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Praeexogyra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
used in this study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636C1C0294610FF68FF23FC3132AE" blockId="48.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
In contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C0294610FECBFF22FDE033FB" box="[308,531,223,248]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FECBFF22FDE033FB" box="[308,531,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P. monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the LV is much thicker, the shape oval to subrectangular, somewhat longer than high and not recurved. The LV surface (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C0294610FDA6FEC7FC7C321F" author="Sharpe" box="[601,911,260,285]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Sharpe, D. (1850) On the secondary district of Portugal, which lies on the North of the Tagus. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 6, 135 - 201. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1144 / GSL. JGS. 1850.006.01 - 02.18" type="journal article" year="1850" yearSuffix="a">Sharpe 1850, pl. 24, fig. 4a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is dorsally covered with broad radial ribs and rough concentric growth squamae. The ligament area of the other LV (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C0294610FC3AFEE4FAF63243" author="Sharpe" box="[965,1285,295,320]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Sharpe, D. (1850) On the secondary district of Portugal, which lies on the North of the Tagus. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 6, 135 - 201. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1144 / GSL. JGS. 1850.006.01 - 02.18" type="journal article" year="1850" yearSuffix="b">Sharpe 1850, pl. 24, fig. 4b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is relatively high and broad (around one half of the shell length), the hinge is massive with prominent bourrelets and a deep resilifer. The juvenile part of the resilifer is curved anteriorly (prosodetic), but the resilifer is in general orthogyrate directed. This species is probably better assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C0294610FD20FE57FC9E32AE" box="[735,877,404,429]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Helvetostrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreoida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FD20FE57FC9E32AE" box="[735,877,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Helvetostrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E57A8C0294610FC8BFE57FC3132AE" box="[884,962,404,429]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FC8BFE57FC3132AE" bold="true" box="[884,962,404,429]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">n. gen.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636C1C0294610FF38FE7AFDCE313F" blockId="48.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C0294610FF38FE7AFED032D3" box="[199,291,441,464]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Liostrea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FF38FE7AFED032D3" box="[199,291,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Liostrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C0294610FEC3FE7AFE6C32D3" box="[316,415,441,464]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Liostrea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moreana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FEC3FE7AFE6C32D3" box="[316,415,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">moreana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C0294610FE4CFE74FC4F32D3" box="[435,956,439,464]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Buvignier, A. (1852) Statistique geologique, mineralogique, minerallurgique et paleontologique du departement de la Meuse, ouvrage accompagne d'un Atlas de 32 planches. Bailliere, Paris, 694 pp. + Atlas 52 pp." type="book">Buvignier, 1852 (p. 26, pl. 16, figs. 41–43)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
—This Oxfordian species was originally described from the Department de la
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E7651C0294610FDC4FE1EFD7532F7" box="[571,646,477,500]" name="Egypt" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Meuse</collectingCountry>
|
||
and is widely distributed in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E7651C0294610FC38FE1EFBE532F7" box="[967,1046,477,500]" name="France" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E7651C0294610FBDDFE1FFB8C32F6" box="[1058,1151,476,501]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E7651C0294610FB48FE1FFAF632F6" box="[1207,1285,476,501]" name="Poland" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Arkell
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B24C0294610FA9BFE1FFF5E311B" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.907279999999999" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="in" value="1932.0">1932 in</quantity>
|
||
<date id="FF871001C0294610FF4BFDC3FEC6311B" box="[180,309,512,536]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1929" valueMax="1937">1929–1937</date>
|
||
, p. 157–159). The generic position is uncertain (Arkell
|
||
<quantity id="4CC19B24C0294610FC5BFDC3FC0A311B" box="[932,1017,511,536]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.907279999999999" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" unit="in" value="1932.0">1932 in</quantity>
|
||
<date id="FF871001C0294610FBFFFDC3FB72311B" box="[1024,1153,512,536]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1929" valueMax="1937">1929–1937</date>
|
||
, p. 158), but the majority of modern authors refer it to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C0294610FE25FDE6FDC5313F" box="[474,566,549,572]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Liostrea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FE25FDE6FDC5313F" box="[474,566,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Liostrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636C1C0294610FF38FD84FBD33083" blockId="48.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
This species is somewhat larger, around twice as long as the average adult shell of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C0294610FB9CFD8AFAB23163" box="[1123,1345,583,608]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FB9CFD8AFAB23163" box="[1123,1345,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P. monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the shape, attachment size and shell inflation appear comparable. Differences are a weakly concave or straight posterior margin, the terminal and centrally situated umbo (which is not opisthogyrate), and a remarkably wide ligament area with a broad resilifer, which is at least three times as wide as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C0294610FBC4FD76FAEE31CE" box="[1083,1309,692,717]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FBC4FD76FAEE31CE" box="[1083,1309,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P. monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The most upturned region of the shell is posteroventral in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C0294610FD42FD1AFCEA31F3" box="[701,793,729,752]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Liostrea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FD42FD1AFCEA31F3" box="[701,793,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Liostrea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C0294610FCD0FD1AFC6131F3" box="[815,914,729,752]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Liostrea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moreana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FCD0FD1AFC6131F3" box="[815,914,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">moreana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but anteroventral in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C0294610FB7EFD1AFA9231F3" box="[1153,1377,727,752]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FB7EFD1AFA9231F3" box="[1153,1377,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P. monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The round and dorsally convex PAM is close to the centre in
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FCCDFD3EFCBA3017" box="[818,841,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">L.</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C0294610FCA0FD3EFC323017" box="[863,961,765,788]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Liostrea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moreana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FCA0FD3EFC323017" box="[863,961,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">moreana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FC2BFD3FFC023017" box="[980,1009,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">cf.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C0294610FC05FD3FFB5C3016" author="Buvignier" box="[1018,1199,764,789]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Buvignier, A. (1852) Statistique geologique, mineralogique, minerallurgique et paleontologique du departement de la Meuse, ouvrage accompagne d'un Atlas de 32 planches. Bailliere, Paris, 694 pp. + Atlas 52 pp." type="book" year="1852">Buvignier 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 16, figs. 41, 43; Arkell 1932, text-fig. 27) but high-oval and situated close to the posterior margin in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C0294610FB79FCE2FA9A303B" box="[1158,1385,799,824]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FB79FCE2FA9A303B" box="[1158,1385,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P. monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Pl. 14.2a). Further information especially concerning its shell microstructures and chambering would be needed to clarify the generic position of
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FE16FCAAFE0B3083" box="[489,504,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">L</emphasis>
|
||
.?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C0294610FDECFCAAFD853083" box="[531,630,873,896]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Liostrea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="moreana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FDECFCAAFD853083" box="[531,630,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">moreana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see also under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C0294610FCD4FCA4FBE33083" box="[811,1040,871,896]" class="Bivalvia" family="Arctostreidae" genus="Circunula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cotyledon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FCD4FCA4FBE33083" box="[811,1040,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Circunula cotyledon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8636C1C0294610FF38FC4FFE92379C" blockId="48.[151,1437,151,1184]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C0294610FF38FC4FFD8D30A6" authority="Contejean, 1859" authorityName="Contejean" authorityYear="1859" box="[199,638,908,933]" class="Bivalvia" family="Arctostreidae" genus="Circunula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cotyledon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FF38FC4FFE5F30A6" box="[199,428,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Circunula cotyledon</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B30C0294610FE45FC4FFD8530A6" author="Contejean" box="[442,630,908,933]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Contejean, C. H. (1859) Etude de l'etage Kimmeridien dans les environs de Montbeliard et dans le Jura, la France et l'Angleterre. Memoires de la Societe d'Emulation du Doubs, Year 1858, 1 - 352." type="journal article" year="1859">Contejean, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(p. 319, pl. 24, fig. 15–17)—This species co-occurs with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C0294610FAF4FC4EFEA930CB" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FAF4FC4EFEA930CB" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Praeexogyra monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Banné Marls and is occasionally attached to the same object (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C0294610FB56FC6CFAF830CB" box="[1193,1291,943,968]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pinnidae" genus="Trichites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FB56FC6CFAF830CB" box="[1193,1291,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Trichites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) which may lead to confusion.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C0294610FE97FC16FE0530EE" box="[360,502,980,1005]" class="Bivalvia" family="Arctostreidae" genus="Circunula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cotyledon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FE97FC16FE0530EE" box="[360,502,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">C. cotyledon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however becomes twice as long and several millimetres thick, its attachment area is larger and the ventral margin less bent upwards. The shape is more circular and the ventral margin of the LV nearly smooth without traces of commarginal swellings which are typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C0294610FBEDFBDEFB073736" box="[1042,1268,1052,1077]" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FBEDFBDEFB073736" box="[1042,1268,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P. monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The ligament area is broader; the PAM is rounder and more centrally situated, somewhat inserted and commonly ventrally buttressed in both valves, which is in strong contrast to the non-inserted and not elevated PAM of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C394D42C0294610FA78FBA6FEA937A3" class="Bivalvia" family="Gryphaeidae" genus="Praeexogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pterioida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="monsbeliardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DEAD3C0294610FA78FBA6FEA937A3" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">P. monsbeliardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |