538 lines
71 KiB
XML
538 lines
71 KiB
XML
<document id="608FD360D680CFDDEE8454EF0CDB8E62" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.210130" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a4f9bcd1-19bf-4649-8b75-9291a9e06ac5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="210130" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460507696882" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Barrio-Amorós, César Luis & Santos, Juan Carlos" docDate="2012" docId="B41387BEFFECFFB238E4EA59FB89B648" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03422p031.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3422" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Aromobates saltuensis Rivero 1978" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="482AFFC6FFFFFFA53873EB7EFFD3B27F" masterDocTitle="A phylogeny for Aromobates (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with description of three new species from the Andes of Venezuela, taxonomic comments on Aromobates saltuensis, A. inflexus, and notes on the conservation status of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="31" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1698312947614" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FE16BCDC6FD0FFF9E4746DD291E9B897">
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<mods:title id="5FBB50D945158B6419449F294F2239CA">A phylogeny for Aromobates (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with description of three new species from the Andes of Venezuela, taxonomic comments on Aromobates saltuensis, A. inflexus, and notes on the conservation status of the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="856E90DFDF07411E15AC1A40121B1DAE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E5B88182C0F891E9A41F40E6C3F64FA0">Barrio-Amorós, César Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="6805CB01DC46B883F017F70F6E3ED6B2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="75005DB2CB7378B82EADCD3D8359EC11">Santos, Juan Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F5A4573E2DEBA74A9D0B87856B134266">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0437DB2F7F0D5BC39C655C036F838220">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="478707BAD279112678730A3538E2D6EF">
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<mods:date id="D9E650CFA302887AED2857B7BDA368D6">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="339E38B8725C20B1FD7A1651A93EC0D2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="76BFCC24D89958383610508396B38C90">3422</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E975953D4487DF75AFCE90A902E98683">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="1A82DDD5B052C5CFC964660F8769ED36">31</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="9D6125E2615F17CEEE4CBFDB61C9C0ED" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.210130</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="08A72FA6797F04E72732968929BEF499" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="65011D2281DEF607C2C661D0AC727EEF" type="Zenodo-Dep">210130</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B41387BEFFECFFB238E4EA59FB89B648" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5618686" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119522849" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5618686" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B41387BEFFECFFB238E4EA59FB89B648" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B41387BEFFECFFB238E4EA59FB89B648" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection id="74A06523FFECFFB638E4EA59FD02B33E" box="[151,721,295,321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3C0536A8FFECFFB638E4EA59FD02B33E" blockId="19.[151,721,295,321]" box="[151,721,295,321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="674D81C4FFECFFB638E4EA59FD02B33E" bold="true" box="[151,721,295,321]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFECFFB638E4EA59FD02B33E" bold="true" box="[151,721,295,321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Notes on
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||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFECFFB63979EA59FD02B33E" ID-CoL="GTRW" authority="Rivero, 1978" authorityName="Rivero" authorityYear="1978" box="[266,721,295,321]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
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<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFECFFB63979EA59FDC9B33E" bold="true" box="[266,538,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aromobates saltuensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="582B4B59FFECFFB63A5AEA59FD1AB33E" author="Rivero" box="[553,713,295,321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Rivero, J. A. (1978) Notas sobre los anfibios de Venezuela III. Nuevos Colostethus de los Andes Venezolanos. Memoria. Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 38, 95 - 111." type="journal article" year="1978">Rivero, 1978</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="74A06523FFECFFB638E4EA10FBFCB0FA" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3C0536A8FFECFFB638E4EA10FBFCB0FA" blockId="19.[151,1437,366,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFECFFB638E4EA10FEAEB3F8" bold="true" box="[151,381,366,391]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Taxonomic history.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFECFFB639F4EA10FD57B3F9" box="[391,644,366,390]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
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<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFECFFB639F4EA10FD57B3F9" box="[391,644,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aromobates saltuensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described originally as
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<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFECFFB63BA3EA10FB1FB3F9" box="[976,1228,366,390]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
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<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFECFFB63BA3EA10FB1FB3F9" box="[976,1228,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Colostethus saltuensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="582B4B59FFECFFB63C8FEA10FA4FB3F9" author="Rivero" box="[1276,1436,366,390]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Rivero, J. A. (1978) Notas sobre los anfibios de Venezuela III. Nuevos Colostethus de los Andes Venezolanos. Memoria. Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 38, 95 - 111." type="journal article" year="1978">Rivero (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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from a single unsexed adult UPRM 5147. This specimen was collected by J.A. Rivero and A.E. Esteves on
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<date id="48041068FFECFFB63D33EAE8FF1CB3AE" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1971-06-03">June 3rd, 1971</date>
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along the road between La Fría and Michelena, Estado Táchira,
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<collectingCountry id="44AD7638FFECFFB63BB3EAC7FBE5B3AE" box="[960,1078,441,465]" name="Venezuela" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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, at an elevation of
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<specimenCount id="2ABCFD21FFECFFB63D65EAC7FAB4B3AE" box="[1302,1383,441,465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="generic">
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||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFECFFB63D65EAC7FAB0B3AE" box="[1302,1379,441,465]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="830.0">830 m</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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The approximate coordinates of the
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<typeStatus id="E301880AFFECFFB63A77EAA0FDE7B389" box="[516,564,478,502]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
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locality are
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<geoCoordinate id="598E506FFFECFFB63AB4EAA3FCE1B38A" box="[711,818,477,501]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="5" value="7.9676">7.9676 N</geoCoordinate>
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and
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<geoCoordinate id="598E506FFFECFFB63B1DEAA3FC3EB38A" box="[878,1005,477,501]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="5" value="-72.2612">72.2612 W</geoCoordinate>
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with an uncertainty of at least
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<quantity id="FB429B4DFFECFFB63D29EAA3FA4AB38A" box="[1370,1433,477,501]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="582B4B59FFECFFB638E4E97FFEBCB066" box="[151,367,513,537]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Grant, T., Frost, D. R. Caldwell, J. P. Gagliardo, R. Haddad, C. F. B. Kok, P. J. R. Means, D. B. Noonan, B. P. Schargel, W. E. & Wheeler W. C. (2006) Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae). Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, 299, 1 - 262." type="journal article">
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Grant
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<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFECFFB63893E97CFEC8B066" box="[224,283,513,537]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
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(2006)
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</bibRefCitation>
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provided information of two putative populations of
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<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFECFFB63BABE97CFBB9B066" box="[984,1130,513,537]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
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<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFECFFB63BABE97CFBB9B066" box="[984,1130,513,537]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C. saltuensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in northern
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<collectingCountry id="44AD7638FFECFFB63C88E97FFABAB066" box="[1275,1385,513,537]" name="Colombia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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and transferred this species to
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<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFECFFB639B6E95BFD98B042" box="[453,587,549,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFECFFB639B6E95BFD98B042" box="[453,587,549,573]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aromobates</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, the information about the specimens identified by
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<bibRefCitation id="582B4B59FFECFFB63D6BE95BFF32B01E" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Grant, T., Frost, D. R. Caldwell, J. P. Gagliardo, R. Haddad, C. F. B. Kok, P. J. R. Means, D. B. Noonan, B. P. Schargel, W. E. & Wheeler W. C. (2006) Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae). Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, 299, 1 - 262." type="journal article">
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||
Grant
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<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFECFFB63D12E958FA46B042" box="[1377,1429,549,573]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
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. (2006)
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</bibRefCitation>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFECFFB63979E937FE4AB01E" box="[266,409,585,609]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
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<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFECFFB63979E937FE4AB01E" box="[266,409,585,609]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. saltuensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has some limitations (see distribution and phylogenetic relationships below). To this date, the distribution, conservation, and natural history of
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<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFECFFB63A97E913FCA2B0FA" box="[740,881,621,645]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
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<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFECFFB63A97E913FCA2B0FA" box="[740,881,621,645]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. saltuensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are little known.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="74A06523FFECFFB638BAE9EFFE09B16A" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="3C0536A8FFECFFB638BAE9EFFE09B16A" blockId="19.[151,1437,366,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFECFFB638BAE9EFFE68B0D5" bold="true" box="[201,443,657,682]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Referred specimens.</emphasis>
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In 2007, we collected several specimens and we referred them as
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<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFECFFB63CD3E9EFFAFEB0D6" box="[1184,1325,657,681]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
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<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFECFFB63CD3E9EFFAFEB0D6" box="[1184,1325,657,681]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. saltuensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<collectionCode id="5AABAE6DFFECFFB63D48E9EFFA48B0D6" box="[1339,1435,657,681]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nzse-vzzt" name="Coleccion Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias, La Hechicera, Universidad de los Andes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">CVULA</collectionCode>
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8315–20, from the road between San Félix and San Juan de Colón, Estado Táchira,
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<collectingCountry id="44AD7638FFECFFB63C3BE9CBFB6DB0B2" box="[1096,1214,693,717]" name="Venezuela" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="598E506FFFECFFB63CB9E9CBFAE6B0B2" box="[1226,1333,693,717]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="5" value="8.0736">8.0736 N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate id="598E506FFFECFFB63D32E9CBFF61B08E" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="5" value="-72.2293">72.2293 W</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFECFFB638CEE9A7FED4B08E" box="[189,263,729,753]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.51" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="751.0">751 m</quantity>
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||
;
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<collectionCode id="5AABAE6DFFECFFB63960E9A7FEA0B08E" box="[275,371,729,753]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nzse-vzzt" name="Coleccion Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias, La Hechicera, Universidad de los Andes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">CVULA</collectionCode>
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||
8321–24 from Rio Negro (Parque Nacional ‘El Tamá’), Estado Táchira,
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<collectingCountry id="44AD7638FFECFFB63CD8E9A7FAF2B08E" box="[1195,1313,729,753]" name="Venezuela" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="598E506FFFECFFB63D5FE9A7FA4BB08E" box="[1324,1432,729,753]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="5" value="7.5787">7.5787 N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="598E506FFFECFFB638E4E983FEC7B16A" box="[151,276,765,789]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" precision="5" value="-72.179">72.1790 W</geoCoordinate>
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||
, elevation
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||
<specimenCount id="2ABCFD21FFECFFB639FFE983FE09B16A" box="[396,474,765,789]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFECFFB639FFE983FE05B16A" box="[396,470,765,789]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.82" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="482.0">482 m</quantity>
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||
.
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</specimenCount>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="74A06523FFECFFB338BAE85FFC3BB625" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C0536A8FFECFFB638BAE85FFAA0B772" blockId="19.[151,1437,366,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFECFFB638BAE85FFE90B145" bold="true" box="[201,323,801,826]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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(1) Skin on dorsum smooth to finely granular. (2) Paired dorsal scutes present on digits. (3) Distal tubercle on FIV present. (4) FIV length reaches half distal subarticular tubercle of finger III. (5) FI longer than II. (6) Digital discs present. (7) Finger discs weakly expanded. (8) Finger fringes mainly absent. (9) Metacarpal ridge absent. (10) FIII not swollen in adult males. (11) Carpal pad absent. (12) Male excrescences on thumb absent. (13) Thenar tubercle present, small. (14) Black arm gland in adult males absent. (15) Tarsal keel thick, long, to mid-tarsus, straight, ending tubercle-like. (16) Toe discs moderately expanded. (17) Toe webbing reduced. (18) Metatarsal fold absent. (19) External coloration with pale dorsolateral stripes; ventrolateral stripe absent; oblique lateral stripe formed by a series of diffuse yellow and white spots. (20) Gular-chest markings present but indistinct on males, absent on females. (21) Dermal collar absent. (22) Male throat coloration grey with profusion of melanophores; female throat coloration dirty white with a profusion of melanophores. (23) Male abdomen color immaculate white. (24) Female abdomen color dirty white. (25) Iris coloration bronze with black reticulation; pupil ring bronze. (26) Large intestine unpigmented. (27) Testes white. (28) Median lingual process absent. (29) Tympanum distinct in its inferior half, tympanic annulus absent. (30) Vocal sac distinct. (31) Teeth present on the maxillary arch. (32) Size small, males (
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<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFECFFB639ADEF88FE3FB772" box="[478,492,1270,1293]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3)
|
||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFECFFB63A5BEF8BFD6BB772" box="[552,696,1269,1293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.255" metricValueMax="2.31" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="22.55" valueMax="23.1" valueMin="22.0">22–23.1 mm</quantity>
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, mean 22.6 ± 0.6; females (
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||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFECFFB63B9CEF88FC2EB772" box="[1007,1021,1270,1293]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3) 22.9–26.9, mean 25.5 ± 2.3.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C0536A8FFECFFB638BAEE67FA91B532" blockId="19.[151,1437,366,2013]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFECFFB638BAEE67FD9CB74D" bold="true" box="[201,591,1305,1330]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Varitation in the referred series.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582B4B59FFECFFB63A2BEE67FD24B74E" author="Rivero" box="[600,759,1305,1329]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Rivero, J. A. (1978) Notas sobre los anfibios de Venezuela III. Nuevos Colostethus de los Andes Venezolanos. Memoria. Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 38, 95 - 111." type="journal article" year="1978">Rivero (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described variation within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFECFFB63C42EE67FB12B74E" box="[1073,1217,1305,1329]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Colostethus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFECFFB63C42EE67FB12B74E" box="[1073,1217,1305,1329]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A. saltuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by confronting the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E301880AFFECFFB638E4EE40FF14B729" box="[151,199,1342,1366]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen against a subadult (UPRM 5593) also collected from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E301880AFFECFFB63BCBEE40FC3BB729" box="[952,1000,1342,1366]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. However, the description provided in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582B4B59FFECFFB63884EE1FFE47B706" author="Rivero" box="[247,404,1377,1401]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Rivero, J. A. (1978) Notas sobre los anfibios de Venezuela III. Nuevos Colostethus de los Andes Venezolanos. Memoria. Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 38, 95 - 111." type="journal article" year="1978">Rivero (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
does not allow us to unambiguously evaluate the variation among our referred series. Therefore, we provide a description of the variation only based on our referred series. Males have a SVL range of
|
||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFECFFB638E4EED7FEFBB7BE" box="[151,296,1449,1473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.255" metricValueMax="2.31" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="22.55" valueMax="23.1" valueMin="22.0">22–23.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and females SVL range of 22.9–26.9 based on three adult specimens of each sex. Body is slender, round to quadrangular in cross-section. Dorsal skin, including dorsal surfaces of hind limbs is smooth, shagreen to finely granular, without tubercles on the posterior part of the body in preservative. Ventral skin is smooth. Head is longer than wide, HeL = 35.8–37.9 % SVL; HW = 32.8–36.3 % SVL. On males, snout is truncated to pointed in profile. On females, snout is rounded to slightly pointed. Nares are situated laterally to the tip of snout; narial openings are barely visible when viewing the head from the front, not visible when viewing dorsally; and they are visible when viewing from a ventral perspective. Canthus rostralis is angular, the loreal region is almost flat; interorbital region is little wider than the upper eyelid. Snout is longer than ED. Only half of the tympanum is distinct and it is visible at its anteroventral portion but concealed posterodorsally by a low supratympanic bulge formed by the superficial slip of
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFECFFB63A67ED91FCE7B579" box="[532,820,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">m. depressor mandibulae</emphasis>
|
||
. The tympanum is positioned closely behind eye and close to the angle of jaws. Teeth are present on maxillary arch. Vocal slits are short to long, arched from mid-level of tongue to the anterior angle of the jaws. The tongue is short, oval to triangular; it is half free posteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C0536A8FFECFFB138BAEC27FBEFB288" blockId="19.[151,1437,366,2013]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1436,151,607]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Hand is of moderate size (25–28.2 % SVL); relative lengths of adpressed fingers are III> I> II> IV; discs of all fingers are weakly expanded, horizontally oval to round; FIII is barely wider than distal end of adjacent phalanx, at its maximum point is 1.3 wider; the base of palm has a large, palmar tubercle, rounded, quadrangular to heartshaped; and on the base of FI there is a smaller (approximately 1/3 of the palmar tubercle), oval to elongate thenar tubercle; one or two subarticular tubercles on fingers (one each on FI and FII, two each on FIII and FIV); and all tubercles are flat to round or oval; without supernumerary tubercles. Fringes on fingers are mainly absent, but on some males and females can be present, they are low and indistinct on FII and FIII.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C0536A8FFEBFFB138BAEA7AFDC8B020" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,607]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44AD7638FFEBFFB138BAEA7AFED2B363" box="[201,257,260,284]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
limbs are of moderate length, SL = 47.5–52.9 % SVL; relative lengths of adpressed toes are IV> III> V> II> I; TI is short, the tip never reaching the mid-subarticular tubercle of TII; toe discs are round to oval, moderately expanded, TIV is about 1.8 times wider than distal end of adjacent phalanx; feet is moderately webbed; formula is
|
||
<date id="48041068FFEBFFB13886EA11FEF1B3F8" box="[245,290,367,391]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">I2-2</date>
|
||
½
|
||
<date id="48041068FFEBFFB1394BEA11FEBEB3F8" box="[312,365,367,391]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">II2-3</date>
|
||
½
|
||
<date id="48041068FFEBFFB139F0EA11FE17B3F8" box="[387,452,367,391]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">III3-4</date>
|
||
IV and basal between TIV and TV; fringes on all toes are notable, short but flap-like with a folding around the toes; one to three non-protuberant, subarticular tubercles are present but small (one on TI and TII, two on TIII and TV, three on TIV, proximal one almost indistinct); two metatarsal tubercles are present, including a small rounded outer, and a slightly larger oval inner tarsal tubercle; mid-tarsal tubercles are seldom seen; tarsal keel is well-defined, thick, straight, transverse across tarsus, from proximal edge of inner metatarsal tubercle to mid-tarsus, with an ending tubercle-like structure; cloacal opening is located at the upper level of thighs, with short tube flap or anal sheath.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="68C56620FFEBFFB138E4EC1DFE30B5C8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210140/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[188,1398,661,1870]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C0536A8FFEBFFB138E4EC1DFE30B5C8" blockId="20.[151,1436,1891,1975]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFEBFFB138E4EC1DFECCB506" bold="true" box="[151,287,1891,1914]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFEBFFB13957EC1AFDD4B505" box="[292,519,1892,1914]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFEBFFB13957EC1AFDD4B505" box="[292,519,1892,1914]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Aromobates saltuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the road from San Felix to San Juan de Colón, Estado Táchira, near type locality. (A) Adult male CVULA 8317. (B) Ventral view of the same specimen. (C) Adult female CVULA 8320. (D) Ventral view of the same specimen. Photos by CBA.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C0536A8FFEAFFB038BAEBE9FE28B31B" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,356]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFEAFFB038BAEBE9FD13B2CF" bold="true" box="[201,704,151,176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Comparison with the original description.</emphasis>
|
||
When compared with the original description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582B4B59FFEAFFB03CA5EBE9FAB5B2D0" author="Rivero" box="[1238,1382,151,175]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Rivero, J. A. (1978) Notas sobre los anfibios de Venezuela III. Nuevos Colostethus de los Andes Venezolanos. Memoria. Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 38, 95 - 111." type="journal article" year="1978">Rivero 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we found a few additional details that should be noted. First,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582B4B59FFEAFFB03B56EBC2FC10B2AB" author="Rivero" box="[805,963,188,212]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Rivero, J. A. (1978) Notas sobre los anfibios de Venezuela III. Nuevos Colostethus de los Andes Venezolanos. Memoria. Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 38, 95 - 111." type="journal article" year="1978">Rivero (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
does not note a supratympanic bulge, but this characteristic varies depending on the preservation method. Second, Rivero also mention the presence of basal webbing between FII-III-IV, which is absent on the referred specimens examined (another character that can vary in preserved specimens). All the remaining characteristics described for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E301880AFFEAFFB03B9CEA59FB82B340" box="[1007,1105,295,319]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
are among the variation seen in the new specimens collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="68C56620FFEAFFB038E4ECE2FBD4B58F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210141/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" targetBox="[274,1311,420,1937]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C0536A8FFEAFFB038E4ECE2FBD4B58F" blockId="21.[151,1436,1948,2032]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFEAFFB038E4ECE2FEF3B5CD" bold="true" box="[151,288,1948,1971]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Waveform and (B) spectrogram of a 2.6 seconds sequence of the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFEAFFB03C20ECE3FAEAB5CC" box="[1107,1337,1949,1971]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFEAFFB03C20ECE3FAEAB5CC" box="[1107,1337,1949,1971]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Aromobates saltuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="15FD57C1FFEAFFB03D31ECE3FA46B5CD" box="[1346,1429,1949,1970]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFEAFFB03D31ECE3FA46B5CD" bold="true" box="[1346,1429,1949,1970]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, showing four duplets. Indistinct harmonics can be seen at around 8000 Hz. Background noise from runing water has been reduced and frequencies below below 100–500 Hz were filtered from the spectrogram.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C0536A8FFE9FFB338BAEBE9FD26B3B0" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE9FFB338BAEBE9FEC1B2CF" bold="true" box="[201,274,151,176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Color.</emphasis>
|
||
The referred specimens in life have dorsa with pale to dark brown coloration, patternless or presenting irregular spotting; the dorsolateral stripes can be very distinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4812A2DFFE9FFB33B11EBC2FC60B2AB" box="[866,947,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1891,1914]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,661,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[188,1398,661,1871]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Aromobates saltuensis from the road from San Felix to San Juan de Colón, Estado Táchira, near type locality. (A) Adult male CVULA 8317. (B) Ventral view of the same specimen. (C) Adult female CVULA 8320. (D) Ventral view of the same specimen. Photos by CBA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210140/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A) to ill-defined (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4812A2DFFE9FFB33C0EEBC2FB03B2AB" box="[1149,1232,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1891,1914]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,661,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[188,1398,661,1871]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Aromobates saltuensis from the road from San Felix to San Juan de Colón, Estado Táchira, near type locality. (A) Adult male CVULA 8317. (B) Ventral view of the same specimen. (C) Adult female CVULA 8320. (D) Ventral view of the same specimen. Photos by CBA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210140/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
C), pale orange to dark brown. The flanks can have a narrow dark brown longitudinal band below the dorsolateral stripe or they can be completely dark brown to the ventral area. The oblique lateral stripe can be solid, diffuse, or almost absent (consisting in a few, irregular and indistinct dirty white spots in the inguinal zone, even not forming a real stripe). Upper lips are patternless. Arms and hind limbs can be pale orange or brown to dark brown, with darker well-defined to ill-defined crossbars. Ventrally, males are pale grey on the throat and chest, white on the belly, with some opaque yellow on the hind limbs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4812A2DFFE9FFB339C9EAEAFDDFB3D3" box="[442,524,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1891,1914]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,661,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[188,1398,661,1871]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Aromobates saltuensis from the road from San Felix to San Juan de Colón, Estado Táchira, near type locality. (A) Adult male CVULA 8317. (B) Ventral view of the same specimen. (C) Adult female CVULA 8320. (D) Ventral view of the same specimen. Photos by CBA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210140/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Females are plain grey on the throat, dirty white on the belly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4812A2DFFE9FFB33C91EAEAFAE0B3D3" box="[1250,1331,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1891,1914]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,661,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[188,1398,661,1871]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Aromobates saltuensis from the road from San Felix to San Juan de Colón, Estado Táchira, near type locality. (A) Adult male CVULA 8317. (B) Ventral view of the same specimen. (C) Adult female CVULA 8320. (D) Ventral view of the same specimen. Photos by CBA." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210140/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Iris is bronze with black reticulation; iris ring is also bronze.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C0536A8FFE9FFB338BAEAA2FBF2B020" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Preserved specimens have a minimal dichromatism slightly apparent ventrally on males, as they have darker throats (pale to dark grey), consisting of a profusion of melanophores under magnification. Females are all white (with a few melanophores under magnification). The rest of the body coloration is not dichromatic in both sexes, varying in being paler or darker, with well or ill-defined crossbars on hind limbs.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C0536A8FFE9FFB338BAE912FC6BB090" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE9FFB338BAE912FE5BB0FB" bold="true" box="[201,392,619,644]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
We found all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE9FFB33A5BE912FCF6B0FB" box="[552,805,620,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE9FFB33A5BE912FCF6B0FB" box="[552,805,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aromobates saltuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
associated to a slow flowing creeks surrounded by pastures (
|
||
<typeStatus id="E301880AFFE9FFB338A8E9F1FEDEB0D8" box="[219,269,655,679]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality), primary, and secondary forests (Rio Frio, Tamá). Several males were calling from exposed and concealed sites in the creek, such as on the top of rocks or behind small waterfalls. Some females were seen moving along the creek as well. All individuals were active during daytime.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C0536A8FFE9FFB338BAE985FC3BB625" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE9FFB338BAE985FEB2B16B" bold="true" box="[201,353,763,788]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Vocalization.</emphasis>
|
||
The analyzed call is a section of a trill that lasted several minutes. The call was recorded at 22.5ºC (water temperature) at early afternoon on the
|
||
<date id="48041068FFE9FFB33A98E85DFC55B145" box="[747,902,799,826]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2007-06-09">June 9th, 2007</date>
|
||
near the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E301880AFFE9FFB33B9CE85DFBCCB144" box="[1007,1055,803,827]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (see referred specimens). The analyzed section of the call has four duplets of notes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4812A2DFFE9FFB33B42E839FC57B120" box="[817,900,839,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[274,1311,420,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[259,1328,409,1940]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. (A) Waveform and (B) spectrogram of a 2.6 seconds sequence of the call of Aromobates saltuensis sp. nov., showing four duplets. Indistinct harmonics can be seen at around 8000 Hz. Background noise from runing water has been reduced and frequencies below below 100 – 500 Hz were filtered from the spectrogram." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210141/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
), lasting 2 sec. One to two duplets of notes are produced per second. The dominant frequency of the first pulse is slightly lower than the second. The first pulse has a dominant frequency range of 3437.0–3862.7 Hz. The second pulse has a dominant frequency range of 3511.0 –3862.0 Hz. Four consecutive duplets were chosen at random from the spectrogram to determine temporal variables. Duplet duration 0.15 ± 0.01 (0.14–0.16) seconds, and inter-duplet interval 0.46 ± 0.17 (0.34–0.65) seconds. Note and inter-note duration with their mean, SD and range in seconds are indicated as follows (1) note duration, first note 0.04 ± 0.01 (0.03–0.04); second note 0.05 ± 0.01 (0.04–0.05); and (2) inter-note, 0.07 ± 0.01 (0.06–0.07). Both, the waveform is shown by
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4812A2DFFE9FFB33A79EF3CFD85B625" box="[522,598,1090,1114]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[274,1311,420,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[259,1328,409,1940]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. (A) Waveform and (B) spectrogram of a 2.6 seconds sequence of the call of Aromobates saltuensis sp. nov., showing four duplets. Indistinct harmonics can be seen at around 8000 Hz. Background noise from runing water has been reduced and frequencies below below 100 – 500 Hz were filtered from the spectrogram." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210141/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
A and the spectrogram by
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4812A2DFFE9FFB33BF3EF3CFC1CB625" box="[896,975,1090,1114]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1948,1971]" captionTargetBox="[274,1311,420,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[259,1328,409,1940]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. (A) Waveform and (B) spectrogram of a 2.6 seconds sequence of the call of Aromobates saltuensis sp. nov., showing four duplets. Indistinct harmonics can be seen at around 8000 Hz. Background noise from runing water has been reduced and frequencies below below 100 – 500 Hz were filtered from the spectrogram." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210141/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
B.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="74A06523FFE9FFB238BAEF18FB89B648" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C0536A8FFE9FFB338BAEF18FD7DB4E5" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE9FFB338BAEF18FEB1B600" bold="true" box="[201,354,1126,1151]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE9FFB3391AEF19FDB6B600" box="[361,613,1127,1151]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE9FFB3391AEF19FDB6B600" box="[361,613,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Aromobates saltuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from the southwestern extreme of the Cordillera de Mérida and northeastern Cordillera Oriental, and has been reported in northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44AD7638FFE9FFB33B97EFF4FB80B6DD" box="[996,1107,1162,1186]" name="Colombia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582B4B59FFE9FFB33CF4EFF4FAB4B6DD" box="[1159,1383,1162,1187]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Grant, T., Frost, D. R. Caldwell, J. P. Gagliardo, R. Haddad, C. F. B. Kok, P. J. R. Means, D. B. Noonan, B. P. Schargel, W. E. & Wheeler W. C. (2006) Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae). Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, 299, 1 - 262." type="journal article">
|
||
Grant
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE9FFB33CA0EFF2FAC2B6DC" box="[1235,1297,1163,1187]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582B4B59FFE9FFB338E4EFD1FE7FB6B8" author="Anganoy-Criollo" box="[151,428,1199,1223]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Anganoy-Criollo, M. (2012) A new species of Allobates (Anura, Dendrobatidae) from the western flank of the Serrania de Perija, Colombia. Zootaxa, 3308, 49 - 62." type="journal article" year="2012">Anganoy-Criollo (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Departamentos of Norte de Santander, Boyacá and Cesar, respectively (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4812A2DFFE9FFB33D36EFD1FA5EB6B8" box="[1349,1421,1199,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1627,1650]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,548,1595]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,548,1596]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Collection localities including type localities of Aromobates (squares) along the Cordillera de Mérida, Serranía de Perijá, and northern Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Several species might be sympatric and syntopic." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210133/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE9FFB3397FEFADFE49B694" box="[268,410,1235,1259]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE9FFB3397FEFADFE49B694" box="[268,410,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. saltuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is likely to be a Venezuelan endemic and the Colombian specimens might represent other species and closer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE9FFB339F9EF89FDFBB770" box="[394,552,1271,1295]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE9FFB339F9EF89FDFBB770" box="[394,552,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. cannatellai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="15FD57C1FFE9FFB33A42EF89FD5FB770" box="[561,652,1271,1295]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE9FFB33A42EF89FD5FB770" bold="true" box="[561,652,1271,1295]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
as supported by our phylogeny (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4812A2DFFE9FFB33C70EF89FB81B770" box="[1027,1106,1271,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1810,1833]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,675,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[161,1446,673,1736]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood phylogenies of Aromobates, other dendrobatids, and closely related hyloids. The phylogenies were inferred using mitochondrial (12 S rRNA - tRNA Val- 16 S rRNA) and nuclear (POMC and NACA) genes. Nodal support based on 200 non-parametric bootstrap replicates and Bayesian posterior probabilities. Museum voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers are provided." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210131/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4812A2DFFE9FFB33CF8EF89FB48B770" box="[1163,1179,1271,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1779,1802]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,633,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,631,1750]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Boostrap consensus of maximum parsimony trees of Aromobates, other dendrobatids, and closely related hyloids. The phylogenies were inferred using mitochondrial (12 S rRNA - tRNA Val- 16 S rRNA) and nuclear (POMC and NACA) genes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210132/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">2</figureCitation>
|
||
, see next section). For this reason, we revised the specimen information associated to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE9FFB33B1DEE65FC2DB74C" box="[878,1022,1307,1331]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE9FFB33B1DEE65FC2DB74C" box="[878,1022,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. saltuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582B4B59FFE9FFB33D6BEE64FF32B728" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Grant, T., Frost, D. R. Caldwell, J. P. Gagliardo, R. Haddad, C. F. B. Kok, P. J. R. Means, D. B. Noonan, B. P. Schargel, W. E. & Wheeler W. C. (2006) Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae). Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, 299, 1 - 262." type="journal article">
|
||
Grant
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE9FFB33D12EE62FA46B74C" box="[1377,1429,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and we found it to be problematic. The information provided of the specimens ICN 42512-16 and 33587 is inaccurate as they are from two distinct and geographically distant localities on the western slopes of the Northern Andes of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44AD7638FFE9FFB3397EEEF9FEACB7E0" box="[269,383,1415,1439]" name="Colombia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Moreover, it is not justified why all specimens are assigned to a single population from Bacar[a]sica (the name is misspelled as ‘Bucarsica’ in the original paper,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582B4B59FFE9FFB33BBCEED4FB42B7BD" author="Grant" box="[975,1169,1450,1475]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Grant, T., Frost, D. R. Caldwell, J. P. Gagliardo, R. Haddad, C. F. B. Kok, P. J. R. Means, D. B. Noonan, B. P. Schargel, W. E. & Wheeler W. C. (2006) Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae). Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, 299, 1 - 262." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Grant
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE9FFB33C65EED2FB9DB7BC" box="[1046,1102,1451,1475]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 242). First, the locality information for the specimens ICN 42512-16 corresponds to Corregimiento Pueblo Nuevo, Sitio El Reposo,
|
||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFE9FFB33D3CEEB1FA4FB798" box="[1359,1436,1487,1511]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="km" value="4.8">4.8 km</quantity>
|
||
on the road of Ocaña to Pueblo Nuevo (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="598E506FFFE9FFB33A10EE8CFD01B475" box="[611,722,1522,1546]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="8.2304">8.2304 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="598E506FFFE9FFB33AACEE8CFC8EB475" box="[735,861,1522,1546]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="-73.389">73.3890 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
at ~
|
||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFE9FFB33BE2EE8CFC3EB475" box="[913,1005,1522,1546]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1560.0">1560 m</quantity>
|
||
). This locality is
|
||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFE9FFB33CC5EE8CFB2CB475" box="[1206,1279,1522,1546]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="km" value="61.0">61 km</quantity>
|
||
WNW of the Bacar[a]sica site provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582B4B59FFE9FFB3399DED69FD1BB450" box="[494,712,1559,1583]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Grant, T., Frost, D. R. Caldwell, J. P. Gagliardo, R. Haddad, C. F. B. Kok, P. J. R. Means, D. B. Noonan, B. P. Schargel, W. E. & Wheeler W. C. (2006) Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae). Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, 299, 1 - 262." type="journal article">
|
||
Grant
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE9FFB33A44ED66FDA1B450" box="[567,626,1559,1583]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Second, the data provided for the specimen ICN 33587 corresponds only to the municipality and the following information is more accurate:
|
||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFE9FFB33C6FED44FBABB42D" box="[1052,1144,1594,1618]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.53" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="km" value="25.3">25.3 km</quantity>
|
||
by road from Sardinata at
|
||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFE9FFB338E4ED21FF3CB408" box="[151,239,1631,1655]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1040.0">1040 m</quantity>
|
||
, municipio Bacarasica, Norte de Santander. The approximate coordinates of ICN 33587 are
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="598E506FFFE9FFB33D71ED21FAB8B408" box="[1282,1387,1631,1655]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="8.1326">8.1326 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="598E506FFFE9FFB338E4EDFCFEC0B4E5" box="[151,275,1666,1690]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="-72.896">72.8960 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
with an uncertainty of at least
|
||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFE9FFB33A1EEDFCFD79B4E5" box="[621,682,1666,1690]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="km" value="3.0">3 km</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C0536A8FFE9FFB238BAEDD9FD96B388" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2015]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1437,151,1079]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582B4B59FFE9FFB338BAEDD9FE4FB4C0" box="[201,412,1703,1727]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Grant, T., Frost, D. R. Caldwell, J. P. Gagliardo, R. Haddad, C. F. B. Kok, P. J. R. Means, D. B. Noonan, B. P. Schargel, W. E. & Wheeler W. C. (2006) Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae). Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, 299, 1 - 262." type="journal article">
|
||
Grant
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE9FFB33963EDD6FE90B4C0" box="[272,323,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided information of a third population that most likely is based on molecular data (no information is provided about specimen morphological identification). The voucher specimen is MUJ 3726 (Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44AD7638FFE9FFB33A91ED91FC81B578" box="[738,850,1775,1799]" name="Colombia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) from Cubará, Fátima, Quebrada Gralanday in Boyacá on the eastern slopes of the Northern Andes of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44AD7638FFE9FFB33AA7EC6CFC96B555" box="[724,837,1810,1834]" name="Colombia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which is closer in our analysis to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE9FFB33CB4EC6DFAB6B554" box="[1223,1381,1811,1835]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE9FFB33CB4EC6DFAB6B554" box="[1223,1381,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. cannatellai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE9FFB338C7EC49FE93B530" box="[180,320,1847,1871]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE9FFB338C7EC49FE93B530" box="[180,320,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. saltuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although both species are nested in a “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE9FFB33A8FEC49FCB9B530" box="[764,874,1847,1871]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE9FFB33A8FEC49FCB9B530" box="[764,874,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">saltuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” clade. The approximate coordinates for the MUJ 3726 specimen are
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="598E506FFFE9FFB33906EC24FE0DB50D" box="[373,478,1882,1906]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="6.879">6.8790 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="598E506FFFE9FFB33A6BEC24FD44B50D" box="[536,663,1882,1906]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="-72.1879">72.1879 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. The distance from the Cubará population to the two other northern populations in Norte de Santader is
|
||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFE9FFB33A59EC01FD6BB5E8" box="[554,696,1919,1943]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="km" value="180.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="160.0">160–200 km</quantity>
|
||
in straight line. Moreover, all localities of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE9FFB33CB7EC01FA82B5E8" box="[1220,1361,1919,1943]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE9FFB33CB7EC01FA82B5E8" box="[1220,1361,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. saltuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582B4B59FFE9FFB3396AECDCFE3DB5C5" box="[281,494,1954,1979]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Grant, T., Frost, D. R. Caldwell, J. P. Gagliardo, R. Haddad, C. F. B. Kok, P. J. R. Means, D. B. Noonan, B. P. Schargel, W. E. & Wheeler W. C. (2006) Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae). Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, 299, 1 - 262." type="journal article">
|
||
Grant
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE9FFB33911ECDAFE47B5C4" box="[354,404,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are at least 61 kms of distance from the approximate
|
||
<typeStatus id="E301880AFFE9FFB33C2BECDDFB5BB5C4" box="[1112,1160,1955,1979]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE9FFB33D7EECDDFA48B5C4" box="[1293,1435,1955,1979]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE9FFB33D7EECDDFA48B5C4" box="[1293,1435,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. saltuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provided by Rivero’s description near Michelena (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="598E506FFFE9FFB33AA4ECB9FC91B5A0" box="[727,834,1991,2015]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="7.9676">7.9676 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="598E506FFFE9FFB33B0DECB9FC2DB5A0" box="[894,1022,1991,2015]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="5" value="-72.2612">72.2612 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) on the Mérida Andes. Specifically, Sardinata is at least
|
||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFE8FFB239F7EBE9FE1DB2D0" box="[388,462,151,175]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="km" value="61.0">61 km</quantity>
|
||
W, Pueblo Nuevo is at least
|
||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFE8FFB23B5BEBE9FC53B2D0" box="[808,896,151,175]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="km" value="128.0">128 km</quantity>
|
||
WNW, and Cubará is at least
|
||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFE8FFB23C9AEBE9FA91B2D0" box="[1257,1346,151,175]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="km" value="122.0">122 km</quantity>
|
||
S from Michelena.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582B4B59FFE8FFB23968EBC2FDFFB2AB" author="Anganoy-Criollo" box="[283,556,188,212]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Anganoy-Criollo, M. (2012) A new species of Allobates (Anura, Dendrobatidae) from the western flank of the Serrania de Perija, Colombia. Zootaxa, 3308, 49 - 62." type="journal article" year="2012">Anganoy-Criollo (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported further extension in the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE8FFB23C34EBC2FB2BB2AB" box="[1095,1272,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE8FFB23C34EBC2FBB3B2AB" box="[1095,1120,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE8FFB23CF9EBC2FB2BB2AB" box="[1162,1272,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">saltuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from two new localities in the southernmost edge and western versant of the Sierra de Perijá at ~
|
||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFE8FFB23C40EBA1FB5AB288" box="[1075,1161,223,247]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="km" value="133.0">133 km</quantity>
|
||
northwest from Michelena
|
||
<typeStatus id="E301880AFFE8FFB238B4EA7BFF24B362" box="[199,247,261,285]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. These two new localities are very close within the Departamento de Cesar, namely, El Gitano (near
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44AD7638FFE8FFB238A8EA59FEB3B340" box="[219,352,295,319]" name="Western Sahara" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Rio de Oro</collectingCountry>
|
||
at approximately
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="598E506FFFE8FFB23A46EA59FD77B340" box="[565,676,295,319]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="5" value="8.3166">8.3166 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="598E506FFFE8FFB23AC0EA59FCE6B340" box="[691,821,295,319]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="5" value="-73.4167">73.4167 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) and San Cayetano (near Gonzales at approximately
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="598E506FFFE8FFB238E4EA32FED7B31B" box="[151,260,332,356]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="5" value="8.3931">8.3931 N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="598E506FFFE8FFB23961EA32FE45B31B" box="[274,406,332,356]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" precision="5" value="-73.3844">73.3844 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582B4B59FFE8FFB239D8EA33FDBCB31B" box="[427,623,332,356]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="La Marca, E. (2005) Estatus de poblaciones de ranas de la familia Dendrobatidae (Amphibia: Anura) en sus localidades tipo en los Andes de Venezuela. Herpetotropicos, 2, 73 - 86." type="journal article">La Marca (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, on the other hand, has suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE8FFB23C41EA32FB6AB31B" box="[1074,1209,332,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE8FFB23C41EA32FB6AB31B" box="[1074,1209,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Aromobates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species most likely show restricted distributions with no more than
|
||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFE8FFB23ADCEA0CFCF3B3F5" box="[687,800,370,394]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="km" value="65.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="60.0">60–70 km</quantity>
|
||
2. Therefore, it is unclear to us if all these specimens correspond to a single species or even less if they are conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE8FFB23BFBEAE9FBC5B3D0" box="[904,1046,407,431]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE8FFB23BFBEAE9FBC5B3D0" box="[904,1046,407,431]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. saltuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or even with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE8FFB23CDCEAE9FACBB3D0" box="[1199,1304,407,431]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tokuko">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE8FFB23CDCEAE9FACBB3D0" box="[1199,1304,407,431]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. tokuko</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see phylogenetic relationships below). Thus, we consider the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE8FFB23B01EAC5FBD2B3AC" box="[882,1025,443,467]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE8FFB23B01EAC5FBD2B3AC" box="[882,1025,443,467]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. saltuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44AD7638FFE8FFB23C5BEAC4FB44B3AD" box="[1064,1175,442,466]" name="Colombia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
as highly unlikely, but closely related allies might be present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C0536A8FFE8FFB238BAE97CFF26B145" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1079]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Our referred specimens are less than
|
||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFE8FFB23A19E97CFD61B065" box="[618,690,514,538]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="km" value="13.0">13 km</quantity>
|
||
from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E301880AFFE8FFB23B53E97DFC83B064" box="[800,848,515,539]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality near Michelena. The original description
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE8FFB23DF7E97DFE7AB040" authority="Rivero 1978" authorityName="Rivero" authorityYear="1978" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE8FFB23DF7E97DFED6B040" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. saltuensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582B4B59FFE8FFB23960E959FE72B040" author="Rivero" box="[275,417,551,575]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Rivero, J. A. (1978) Notas sobre los anfibios de Venezuela III. Nuevos Colostethus de los Andes Venezolanos. Memoria. Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 38, 95 - 111." type="journal article" year="1978">Rivero 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicates a collection site at an elevation of
|
||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFE8FFB23BE4E959FC0DB040" box="[919,990,551,575]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="830.0">830 m</quantity>
|
||
on the road from La Fria (elevation
|
||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFE8FFB23D00E959FF7DB01D" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.19" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="119.0">119 m</quantity>
|
||
) to Michelena (elevation
|
||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFE8FFB239A4E934FDFCB01D" box="[471,559,586,610]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="1230.0">1230 m</quantity>
|
||
) in Estado Táchira (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44AD7638FFE8FFB23B68E934FC46B01D" box="[795,917,586,610]" name="Venezuela" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
); this road is
|
||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFE8FFB23C40E934FBAFB01D" box="[1075,1148,586,610]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
|
||
long. The locality of the CVULA 8315–
|
||
<specimenCount id="2ABCFD21FFE8FFB23937E911FE0FB0F8" box="[324,476,623,647]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
are from the same road described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582B4B59FFE8FFB23BF2E911FBF3B0F8" author="Rivero" box="[897,1056,623,647]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Rivero, J. A. (1978) Notas sobre los anfibios de Venezuela III. Nuevos Colostethus de los Andes Venezolanos. Memoria. Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 38, 95 - 111." type="journal article" year="1978">Rivero (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and about
|
||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFE8FFB23CD2E911FB2EB0F8" box="[1185,1277,623,647]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="km" value="12.5">12.5 km</quantity>
|
||
from the georeferenced
|
||
<typeStatus id="E301880AFFE8FFB2396BE9EDFE9BB0D4" box="[280,328,659,683]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. In consequence, we consider the CVULA 8315–20 series to be topotypic. The series CVULA 8321–24 from ‘Rio Frío, Tamá’ is about
|
||
<quantity id="FB429B4DFFE8FFB23AA0E9C9FCC8B0B0" box="[723,795,695,719]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="km" value="44.0">44 km</quantity>
|
||
from
|
||
<typeStatus id="E301880AFFE8FFB23B11E9C6FC41B0AF" box="[866,914,696,720]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. Therefore, according to our data, we consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE8FFB23973E9A5FDD3B08C" box="[256,512,731,755]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE8FFB23973E9A5FDD3B08C" box="[256,512,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Aromobates saltuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44AD7638FFE8FFB23AA9E9A4FC82B08D" box="[730,849,730,754]" name="Venezuela" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However, we suggest a careful comparison of all
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582B4B59FFE8FFB238E4E981FEB5B168" box="[151,358,767,791]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Grant, T., Frost, D. R. Caldwell, J. P. Gagliardo, R. Haddad, C. F. B. Kok, P. J. R. Means, D. B. Noonan, B. P. Schargel, W. E. & Wheeler W. C. (2006) Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae). Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, 299, 1 - 262." type="journal article">
|
||
Grant
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE8FFB238AEE87EFEDDB168" box="[221,270,767,791]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and our specimens with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E301880AFFE8FFB23AD7E87EFD07B167" box="[676,724,768,792]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">type</typeStatus>
|
||
UPRM 5147 (University of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44AD7638FFE8FFB23C67E87EFB49B168" box="[1044,1178,767,791]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
) to further confirm our insights.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3C0536A8FFE8FFB238BAE838FB89B648" blockId="23.[151,1437,151,1079]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE8FFB238BAE838FDD9B120" bold="true" box="[201,522,838,863]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Phylogenetic relationships.</emphasis>
|
||
We found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE8FFB23AFAE839FC54B120" box="[649,903,839,863]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE8FFB23AFAE839FC54B120" box="[649,903,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Aromobates saltuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be well-nested in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE8FFB23C04E839FB2EB120" box="[1143,1277,839,863]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE8FFB23C04E839FB2EB120" box="[1143,1277,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Aromobates</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="A4812A2DFFE8FFB23D7DE839FA83B120" box="[1294,1360,839,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1810,1833]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,675,1736]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[161,1446,673,1736]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood phylogenies of Aromobates, other dendrobatids, and closely related hyloids. The phylogenies were inferred using mitochondrial (12 S rRNA - tRNA Val- 16 S rRNA) and nuclear (POMC and NACA) genes. Nodal support based on 200 non-parametric bootstrap replicates and Bayesian posterior probabilities. Museum voucher numbers and GenBank accession numbers are provided." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210131/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). This suggests a relative recent extension and radiation of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE8FFB23B74E815FCA5B1FC" box="[775,886,875,899]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE8FFB23B74E815FCA5B1FC" box="[775,886,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">saltuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade into Eastern Cordillera of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44AD7638FFE8FFB23C93E814FA81B1FD" box="[1248,1362,874,898]" name="Colombia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="582B4B59FFE8FFB23D2FE814FEF6B1D8" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Grant, T., Frost, D. R. Caldwell, J. P. Gagliardo, R. Haddad, C. F. B. Kok, P. J. R. Means, D. B. Noonan, B. P. Schargel, W. E. & Wheeler W. C. (2006) Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae). Bulletin American Museum of Natural History, 299, 1 - 262." type="journal article">
|
||
Grant
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE8FFB238E4E8EEFF19B1D8" box="[151,202,911,935]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided nuclear and mitochondrial sequences from a specimen identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE8FFB23CD5E8F1FAE6B1D8" box="[1190,1333,911,935]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE8FFB23CD5E8F1FAE6B1D8" box="[1190,1333,911,935]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. saltuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the voucher number MUJ 3726 from Cubará (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="44AD7638FFE8FFB23A1EE8CCFD31B1B5" box="[621,738,946,970]" name="Colombia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Boyacá). However, it is unclear if these authors actually identified the specimen as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE8FFB239E7E8A9FDF0B190" box="[404,547,983,1007]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE8FFB239E7E8A9FDF0B190" box="[404,547,983,1007]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. saltuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as discussed on previous section. We found MUJ 3726 to be closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE8FFB238E4E885FEE0B66C" box="[151,307,1019,1043]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE8FFB238E4E885FEE0B66C" box="[151,307,1019,1043]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. cannatellai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the 12S-16S rRNA segment. At the moment, we suggest recognizing MUJ 3726 as voucher from a different species and we restrict
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FBBA4D2BFFE8FFB23A21EF61FD0CB648" box="[594,735,1055,1079]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Aromobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="saltuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0ECEEABAFFE8FFB23A21EF61FD0CB648" box="[594,735,1055,1079]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. saltuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only to the Venezuelan localities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |