365 lines
50 KiB
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365 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document id="5BE16AF189AD65E6BA975806DD6FC5B1" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.11450473" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11450473" ID-ZooBank="C054B0D4-FD00-4AE7-BBA7-C75A12368561" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1717426151262" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Tang, William, Skelley, Paul E., Taylor B, Alberto S. & Salzman, Shayla" docDate="2024" docId="5627444EE911FFC3E3B578DCFCB8451D" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2024.1043.1-40.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2024 (43)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.4:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pharaxonotha kirschii Reitter 1875" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="AA1E3C36E932FFE6E375790CFF80432B" masterDocTitle="Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting cones of the cycad Zamia L. (Cycadales) in Panama, with descriptions of five new species" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1717426969430" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="A462F1FF5C6AC838BD820153A841004C">Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting cones of the cycad Zamia L. (Cycadales) in Panama, with descriptions of five new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F3CBDD04C3A84C166E2668DBFC7CA48A">Tang, William</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="828B8557BAE52F78379A48E9E666A5D4">Florida State Collection of Arthropods Florida Department of Agriculture - DPI P. O. Box 147100 Gainesville, FL 32614 - 7100, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1C2B0C32588F8D6230E981E55A3C64BE">Skelley, Paul E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="20A7AC9BAB956F8BC67535437E77D06E">Florida State Collection of Arthropods Florida Department of Agriculture - DPI P. O. Box 147100 Gainesville, FL 32614 - 7100, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DE90859C6AE0CE4D98E9D27046DB59E9">Taylor B, Alberto S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="706B981757F93B29762A88C3254B628D">Departamento de Botánica Universidad de Panamá Estafeta Universitaria, Panamá, Panamá</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6C8BDF3A8F19BB814BE0C8CFE8D9B93A">Salzman, Shayla</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="06F62026414ECC3770BCD86B922C9CD5">Department of Entomology University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="937345C7191223EE2ED7E686BD10F285">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B947AB5316DD7604CB337A015ACF23A4">
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<mods:date id="EFAE41AEEDC10F6D3DDB06FACACD1835">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A7F11C1A20C9AA82CE4C66C3D5BDFCD4">2024-04-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8093900C23CB9B13253D9AD05D1E0E16">2024</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="86401A38915DAEAFE2AE99BC3304D15F">43</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B69B22DB8F7BD09FAD0BFFCD23309D0B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.11450473</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5627444EE911FFC3E3B578DCFCB8451D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11450463" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11450463" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5627444EE911FFC3E3B578DCFCB8451D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5627444EE911FFC3E3B578DCFCB8451D" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">
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<subSubSection id="9694A6D3E911FFC5E3B578DCFDB742C6" box="[192,567,464,493]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DE31F558E911FFC5E3B578DCFDB742C6" blockId="35.[192,567,464,526]" box="[192,567,464,493]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">
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<heading id="85794234E911FFC5E3B578DCFDB742C6" box="[192,567,464,493]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE911FFC5E3B578DCFDB742C6" authority="Reitter" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1875" box="[192,567,464,493]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirschii">
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<emphasis id="ECFA294AE911FFC5E3B578DCFDB742C6" bold="true" box="[192,567,464,493]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="ECFA294AE911FFC5E3B578DCFE5942C6" bold="true" box="[192,473,464,493]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Pharaxonotha kirschii</emphasis>
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||
Reitter
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9694A6D3E911FFC5E3B578F8FEE44125" box="[192,356,500,526]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" type="description">
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<paragraph id="DE31F558E911FFC5E3B578F8FEE44125" blockId="35.[192,567,464,526]" box="[192,356,500,526]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">
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<figureCitation id="46B5E9DDE911FFC5E3B578F8FEE44125" box="[192,356,500,526]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="36.[192,261,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[243,1389,229,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-83@36.[243,1389,229,1781]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 12. Pharaxonotha kirschii from Costa Rica, Guanacaste Province (A–J: male). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–F) Head, dorsal, lateral and ventral views.G) Terminal segment of male abdomen.H) Genital capsule.I) Tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. J) Parameres of tegmen, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. K) Retracted ovipositor with spermatheca, ventral view. L) Spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11450531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11450531/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Figures 12A–L</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9694A6D3E911FFC5E3957B13FC5141B8" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="DE31F558E911FFC5E3957B13FDB3417D" blockId="35.[224,1441,543,659]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="FE9ED276E911FFC5E3957B13FDB3417D" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">
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<treatmentCitation id="5F2FD349E911FFC5E3957B13FDE2411C" author="Reitter E." box="[224,610,543,567]" page="44" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" year="1875">
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<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE911FFC5E3957B13FDE2411C" authority="Reitter 1875: 44" authorityName="Reitter" authorityPageNumber="44" authorityYear="1875" box="[224,610,543,567]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirschii">
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<emphasis id="ECFA294AE911FFC5E3957B13FE3B411C" box="[224,443,543,567]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Pharaxonotha kirschii</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="BA1F88A9E911FFC5E2B77B13FDE2411C" author="Reitter E." box="[450,610,543,567]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 86" refId="ref27685" refString="Reitter E. 1875. Revision der europaischen Cryptophagiden. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 19 (3): 1 - 86." type="journal article" year="1875">Reitter 1875: 44</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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~
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||
<treatmentCitation id="5F2FD349E911FFC5E10B7B13FCA3411C" author="Sharp, D." box="[638,803,543,567]" page="598" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" year="1900">
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<bibRefCitation id="BA1F88A9E911FFC5E10B7B13FCA3411C" author="Sharp, D." box="[638,803,543,567]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" pagination="1887 - 1905" refId="ref27741" refString="Sharp, D. 1900. Cryptophagidae. p. 579 - 624, pl. 18. In: Godman F, Salvin O (eds.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol II. Part 1 [1887 - 1905]. R. H. Porter; London. 717 p. + 19 pl. [Pharaxonotha p. 598]" type="book chapter" year="1900">Sharp 1900: 598</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="5F2FD349E911FFC5E05B7B13FB98411C" author="Chittenden FH" box="[814,1048,543,567]" page="8" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" year="1911">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="BA1F88A9E911FFC5E05B7B13FB98411C" author="Chittenden FH" box="[814,1048,543,567]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" pagination="8 - 13" refId="ref26485" refString="Chittenden FH. 1911. The Mexican grain beetle (Pharaxonotha kirschi Reitt.). Bulletin of the United States Department of Agriculture. Bureau of Entomology, Washington, DC. N. ser. 96 (1): 8 - 13." type="journal article" year="1911">Chittenden 1911: 8–13</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="5F2FD349E911FFC5E7577B13FA87411C" author="Hinton HE" box="[1058,1287,543,567]" page="189" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" year="1945">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="BA1F88A9E911FFC5E7577B13FA87411C" author="Hinton HE" box="[1058,1287,543,567]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" refId="ref26862" refString="Hinton HE. 1945. A monograph of the beetles associated with stored products. British Museum (Natural History); London. 442 p." type="book" year="1945">Hinton 1945: 189–192</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="5F2FD349E911FFC5E6677B13FEA8417E" author="Pakaluk J." page="450" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" year="1988">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="BA1F88A9E911FFC5E6677B13FEA8417E" author="Pakaluk J." pageId="35" pageNumber="34" pagination="447 - 451" refId="ref27508" refString="Pakaluk J. 1988. Review of the New World species of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Languriidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical 36 (2 B): 447 - 451." type="journal article" year="1988">Pakaluk 1988: 450</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="5F2FD349E911FFC5E2447B31FDAF417D" author="Skelley PE & Tang W & Perez-Farrera MA" box="[305,559,573,598]" page="33" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" year="2022">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA1F88A9E911FFC5E2447B31FDAF417D" author="Skelley PE & Tang W & Perez-Farrera MA" box="[305,559,573,598]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref27888" refString="Skelley PE, Tang W, Perez-Farrera MA. 2022. Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting the cycad genus Dioon Lindl. (Cycadales), with descriptions of nine new species and comments on P. kirschii Reitter. Insecta Mundi 0917: 1 - 41." type="book chapter" year="2022">Skelley et al. 2022: 33–39</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DE31F558E911FFC5E3957B50FC8A415F" blockId="35.[224,1441,543,659]" box="[224,778,604,628]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE911FFC5E3957B50FE34415F" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1875" box="[224,436,604,628]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirschi">
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<emphasis id="ECFA294AE911FFC5E3957B50FE34415F" box="[224,436,604,628]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Pharaxonotha kirschi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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~ emendation of various authors.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DE31F558E911FFC5E3957B76FC5141B8" blockId="35.[224,1441,543,659]" box="[224,977,634,659]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="FE9ED276E911FFC5E3957B76FC5141B8" box="[224,977,634,659]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">
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<treatmentCitation id="5F2FD349E911FFC5E3957B76FDEA41B9" author="Gorham HS" box="[224,618,634,658]" page="249" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" year="1898">
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<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE911FFC5E3957B76FDEA41B9" authority="Gorham 1898: 249" authorityName="Gorham" authorityPageNumber="249" authorityYear="1898" box="[224,618,634,658]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Thallisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="condradti">
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<emphasis id="ECFA294AE911FFC5E3957B76FE2941B9" box="[224,425,634,658]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Thallisella condradti</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="BA1F88A9E911FFC5E2DA7B76FDEA41B9" author="Gorham HS" box="[431,618,634,658]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" pagination="241 - 256" refId="ref26725" refString="Gorham HS. 1898. Coccinellidae (part) and supplement to Erotylidae (part). p. 241 - 256. In: Godman F, Salvin O (eds.). Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, vol. 7. R. H. Porter; London. 276 p. + 13 pl." type="book chapter" year="1898">Gorham 1898: 249</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
~
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||
<treatmentCitation id="5F2FD349E911FFC5E1F07B76FCCB41B9" author="Champion GC" box="[645,843,634,658]" page="36" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" year="1904">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="BA1F88A9E911FFC5E1F07B76FCCB41B9" author="Champion GC" box="[645,843,634,658]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" pagination="35 - 36" refId="ref26350" refString="Champion GC. 1904. Pharaxonotha kirschii, Reitt. p. 36 [footnote]. In: Arrow GJ. Note on two species of Coleoptera introduced into Europe. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 40: 35 - 36." type="journal article" year="1904">Champion 1904: 36</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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[synonymy].
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="9694A6D3E911FFC5E3B57BAEFBF54069" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="DE31F558E911FFC5E3B57BAEFBF54069" blockId="35.[192,1440,674,835]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">
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||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE911FFC5E3B57BAEFEBC4197" bold="true" box="[192,316,674,700]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A member of the kirschii group, this species is diagnosed by the uniformly dark coloration of both sexes. an enlarged antennomere XI compared to IX, the lateral pronotal marginal bead of many is weakly angulate near the middle, and the male abdominal ventrite apical tooth is more pronounced.
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||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE911FFC5E7E27BE9FA0841D4" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1875" box="[1175,1416,741,767]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirschii">
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||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE911FFC5E7E27BE9FA0841D4" box="[1175,1416,741,767]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Pharaxonotha kirschii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is widespread from the southern
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<collectingCountry id="A699B5C8E911FFC5E16F7A0BFDBC400A" box="[538,572,775,801]" name="United States of America" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">US</collectingCountry>
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||
to
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<collectingCountry id="A699B5C8E911FFC5E1157A0BFD3C400A" box="[608,700,775,801]" name="Panama" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Panama</collectingCountry>
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, is not associated with cycads. It is a known as the “Mexican grain beetle”, a pest in stored plant products which has been intercepted in many countries.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="9694A6D3E911FFC3E3B57A5EFA0B4076" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="DE31F558E911FFC5E3B57A5EFEAD409B" blockId="35.[191,1442,850,1918]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">
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||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE911FFC5E3B57A5EFED24047" bold="true" box="[192,338,850,876]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Description.</emphasis>
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[Reprinted with some modification from
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<bibRefCitation id="BA1F88A9E911FFC5E05D7A5EFB874047" author="Skelley PE & Tang W & Perez-Farrera MA" box="[808,1031,850,877]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref27888" refString="Skelley PE, Tang W, Perez-Farrera MA. 2022. Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting the cycad genus Dioon Lindl. (Cycadales), with descriptions of nine new species and comments on P. kirschii Reitter. Insecta Mundi 0917: 1 - 41." type="book chapter" year="2022">Skelley et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]. Length
|
||
<quantity id="197658BDE911FFC5E71B7A5EFA904046" box="[1134,1296,850,877]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.74" metricValueMax="4.11" metricValueMin="3.37" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="3.74" valueMax="4.11" valueMin="3.37">3.37–4.11 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="197658BDE911FFC5E6167A5EFEA740A5" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.39" metricValueMax="1.56" metricValueMin="1.22" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="1.39" valueMax="1.56" valueMin="1.22">1.22– 1.56 mm</quantity>
|
||
. General body color (
|
||
<figureCitation id="46B5E9DDE911FFC5E16E7A78FD1E40A5" box="[539,670,884,910]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="36.[192,261,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[243,1389,229,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-83@36.[243,1389,229,1781]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 12. Pharaxonotha kirschii from Costa Rica, Guanacaste Province (A–J: male). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–F) Head, dorsal, lateral and ventral views.G) Terminal segment of male abdomen.H) Genital capsule.I) Tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. J) Parameres of tegmen, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. K) Retracted ovipositor with spermatheca, ventral view. L) Spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11450531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11450531/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Fig. 12A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
) dark brown to black. Dorsal surface glossy, with very short setae in puncture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE31F558E911FFC5E2757ABBFB08464F" blockId="35.[191,1442,850,1918]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE911FFC5E2757ABBFEC540FA" bold="true" box="[256,325,951,977]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1C4A3BBAE911FFC5E23E7ABBFEF640FA" box="[331,374,951,977]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Not</collectingRegion>
|
||
broad, width = 0.62–0.67× pronotal width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="46B5E9DDE911FFC5E02D7ABBFC5A40FA" box="[856,986,951,977]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="36.[192,261,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[243,1389,229,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-83@36.[243,1389,229,1781]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 12. Pharaxonotha kirschii from Costa Rica, Guanacaste Province (A–J: male). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–F) Head, dorsal, lateral and ventral views.G) Terminal segment of male abdomen.H) Genital capsule.I) Tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. J) Parameres of tegmen, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. K) Retracted ovipositor with spermatheca, ventral view. L) Spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11450531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11450531/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Fig. 12D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
); in lateral view robust, clypeus to base of head dorsally convex; in dorsal view conical, gradually narrowed anteriorly, surface convex, coarsely punctured, average distance between closest punctures 2–3× width of puncture; head width
|
||
<quantity id="197658BDE911FFC5E7357AF6FB63473E" box="[1088,1251,1018,1045]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="7.199999999999999" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.79" valueMax="0.86" valueMin="0.72">0.72–0.86 mm</quantity>
|
||
; dorsal interocular distance
|
||
<quantity id="197658BDE911FFC5E23C7D17FE6D471D" box="[329,493,1051,1078]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.549999999999999" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.5549999999999999" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.51">0.51–0.60 mm</quantity>
|
||
, head width/dorsal interocular distance ratio 1.36–1.42, ventral interocular distance
|
||
<quantity id="197658BDE911FFC5E3B47D31FEE34773" box="[193,355,1085,1112]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="35" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="0.45999999999999996" valueMax="0.51" valueMin="0.41">0.41–0.51 mm</quantity>
|
||
, head width/ventral interocular distance ratio 1.68–1.79. Eye with large black facets, similar diameter of head punctures; head posterior of eye with a small tooth (temple) in dorsal profile. Antennal length slightly shorter than pronotal width, 1.4× head width; antennomere I (scape) fairly large, slightly elongate; antennomere II same length as III; IV circular; V–VII same length as IV, gradually becoming wider with VIII weakly transverse and flattened apically; club fairly large, IX and X similar in length; XI enlarged, 1.5× longer than X, globular with rounded apex. Clypeus weakly concave anteriorly, moderately punctate. Transverse occipital line [vertexal line] distinct nearly from eye to eye. Mentum and submentum coarsely punctured, 1/2–3/4× diameter of facet, distance between nearest punctures approximately 1× own diameter, each puncture with a short seta. Gular area smooth, without punctation or setae, border with submentum marked by change in punctation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE31F558E911FFC3E2757C60FB5342E2" blockId="35.[191,1442,850,1918]" lastBlockId="37.[191,1442,230,861]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE911FFC5E2757C60FEDB46AD" bold="true" box="[256,347,1388,1414]" pageId="35" pageNumber="34">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
With pronotum transversely rectangular in dorsal view, length/width ratio 0.69–0.80; with distinct marginal carina laterally and basally, anteriorly with fine marginal carina medially; dorsally flattened; anterior angles sharply rounded, projecting forward; posterior angles developed, with small denticle at angle; lateral margin weakly angulate in medial half, shallowly arcuate inward anteriorly and posteriorly; posterior margin slightly projecting medially, projection beginning approximately by pair of small, dark pores in margin located 1/4 width from posterior angles, each pore marks base of a distinct sulcus extending anteriorly onto disc 1/4 length of pronotum. Prosternum in ventral view convex, with few scattered punctures; anterior margin slightly emarginate, finely denticulate with row of long, anteriorly directed setae, longest setae approximately 1/3 length of eye; prosternal process flattened apically, expanded and truncate at apex. Hypomeron smooth, with few punctures. Scutellar shield distinctly transverse pentagonal, posterior margin weakly rounded. Elytra in dorsal view elongate, flattened dorsally; length/width 1.72–1.90, greatest width near midlength; with distinct marginal line basally; 10 complete striae of moderate puncture size; scutellary striole extending 1/5 elytral length, with 7–10 punctures; punctures of elytral striae 2× larger than pronotal punctures, striae weakly impressed; intervals of striae with fine, indistinct shallow punctures, 1/5 size of strial punctures; all punctures of elytral bearing a single very short seta; seta only visible in profile, extending slightly out of puncture. Mesoventrite with strong punctation, distance between nearest punctures approximately equal to diameter of punctures, puncture depth moderate. Metaventrite glossy, with strong lateral punctation separated by 1–2× own diameter; medial surface finely distinctly punctured, separated by 3–4× own diameter; surface medially flattened, metathoracic discrimen extending approximately 1/2 metaventrite length. Legs narrow, relatively similar in length and shape. Procoxa oval; mesocoxa globular; metacoxa transversely elongate-oval; trochanters obliquely truncate apically; femora narrowly oblong, compressed laterally; tibiae shorter than femora, weakly dilated to obliquely truncate apices; protibia with apical lateral tooth small, with complete apical fringe of very short stout spinules on straight ventral apical margin; meso- and metatibia with apical fringe of short stout spinules on anterior margin, finer setae on posterior margins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="8AF1A5D0E916FFC2E3B57E1EFC1F44AD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11450531" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11450531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11450531/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" startId="36.[192,261,1810,1834]" targetBox="[243,1389,229,1781]" targetPageId="36" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="DE31F558E916FFC2E3B57E1EFC1F44AD" blockId="36.[191,1441,1810,1926]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE916FFC2E3B57E1EFEA94401" bold="true" box="[192,297,1810,1834]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE916FFC2E25B7E1FFD874400" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1875" box="[302,519,1811,1835]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirschii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE916FFC2E25B7E1FFD874400" box="[302,519,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">Pharaxonotha kirschii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Costa Rica, Guanacaste Province (A–J: male).
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE916FFC2E7797E1EFBC44401" bold="true" box="[1036,1092,1810,1834]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">A–C)</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus.
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE916FFC2E3CA7E3DFF764462" bold="true" box="[191,246,1841,1865]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">D–F)</emphasis>
|
||
Head, dorsal, lateral and ventral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE916FFC2E1F77E3DFD144462" bold="true" box="[642,660,1841,1865]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">G</emphasis>
|
||
) Terminal segment of male abdomen.
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE916FFC2E7637E3DFBB34462" bold="true" box="[1046,1075,1841,1865]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">H)</emphasis>
|
||
Genital capsule.
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE916FFC2E7A97E3DFB6F4462" bold="true" box="[1244,1263,1841,1865]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">I)</emphasis>
|
||
Tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE916FFC2E07C7E43FC9A444C" bold="true" box="[777,794,1871,1895]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">J)</emphasis>
|
||
Parameres of tegmen, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views.
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE916FFC2E3B57E62FF5B44AD" bold="true" box="[192,219,1902,1926]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">K)</emphasis>
|
||
Retracted ovipositor with spermatheca, ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE916FFC2E18D7E62FC8F44AD" bold="true" box="[760,783,1902,1926]" pageId="36" pageNumber="35">L)</emphasis>
|
||
Spermatheca.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE31F558E917FFC3E27578DDFAF641B8" blockId="37.[191,1442,230,861]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE917FFC3E27578DDFEFB42C0" bold="true" box="[256,379,465,491]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventrite apical margin bearing short, sparse setae; all ventrites bearing moderate, shallow punctation evenly distributed across surface, distance to nearest puncture approximately 2× diameter of puncture, punctures bearing mostly reclining setae; ventrite V with setae length nearly uniformly approximately 2× diameter of puncture; I–IV each with 2 or more median pairs of longer, semi-erect sensory hairs (difficult to see in poor lighting, often abraded); male ventrite 5 with distinct denticle at apex. Male genitalia (n = 4) similar to all others in the genus with widened tegmen, elongate cylindrical median lobe, and long coiled flagellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="46B5E9DDE917FFC3E7987B75FAE941B8" box="[1261,1385,633,659]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="36.[192,261,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[243,1389,229,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-83@36.[243,1389,229,1781]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 12. Pharaxonotha kirschii from Costa Rica, Guanacaste Province (A–J: male). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–F) Head, dorsal, lateral and ventral views.G) Terminal segment of male abdomen.H) Genital capsule.I) Tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. J) Parameres of tegmen, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. K) Retracted ovipositor with spermatheca, ventral view. L) Spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11450531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11450531/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Fig. 12G–J</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE31F558E917FFC3E2757B97FA0B4076" blockId="37.[191,1442,230,861]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE917FFC3E2757B97FEDB419E" bold="true" box="[256,347,667,693]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to male. Female differs with narrow protibia and protarsus, male have weakly dilated protibia and basal protarsomeres. Female lacking apical denticle on terminal abdominal ventrite. Genital tube shortened, length past abdominal segment VIII = 1.5× width (n = 5); gonostylus set apically on gonocoxite, gonostylus length = 4–5× width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="46B5E9DDE917FFC3E15A7BF3FD124032" box="[559,658,767,793]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="36.[192,261,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[243,1389,229,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-83@36.[243,1389,229,1781]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 12. Pharaxonotha kirschii from Costa Rica, Guanacaste Province (A–J: male). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–F) Head, dorsal, lateral and ventral views.G) Terminal segment of male abdomen.H) Genital capsule.I) Tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. J) Parameres of tegmen, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. K) Retracted ovipositor with spermatheca, ventral view. L) Spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11450531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11450531/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Fig. 12K</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spermatheca base asymmetrically rounded with curvature extending further on ventral side, basal third broadest at basal end, narrowing until unsclerotized arc at central third, apical third usually narrowing apically and usually curving abruptly near apex to a broadly rounded point (
|
||
<figureCitation id="46B5E9DDE917FFC3E66A7A4EFAFF4076" box="[1311,1407,834,861]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="36.[192,261,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[243,1389,229,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-83@36.[243,1389,229,1781]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 12. Pharaxonotha kirschii from Costa Rica, Guanacaste Province (A–J: male). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–F) Head, dorsal, lateral and ventral views.G) Terminal segment of male abdomen.H) Genital capsule.I) Tegmen attached to median lobe, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. J) Parameres of tegmen, (top to bottom) ventral and lateral views. K) Retracted ovipositor with spermatheca, ventral view. L) Spermatheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11450531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11450531/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Fig. 12L</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9694A6D3E917FFC3E3B57A60FE144796" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="DE31F558E917FFC3E3B57A60FDA640E2" blockId="37.[191,1440,876,970]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE917FFC3E3B57A60FE3040AD" bold="true" box="[192,432,876,902]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Materials examined.</emphasis>
|
||
The present location of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="01354BFAE917FFC3E1837A60FCAA40AD" box="[758,810,876,902]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(s) is unknown (not examined). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="01354BFAE917FFC3E7BB7A61FA8940AC" box="[1230,1289,877,903]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE917FFC3E6447A60FEA94083" authorityName="Gorham" authorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Thallisella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="condradti">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE917FFC3E6447A60FEA94083" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Thallisella condradti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected in Vera Paz,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A699B5C8E917FFC3E1257A82FD494083" box="[592,713,910,936]" name="Guatemala" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA1F88A9E917FFC3E1A27A82FCF64083" author="Gorham HS" box="[727,886,910,936]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" pagination="241 - 256" refId="ref26725" refString="Gorham HS. 1898. Coccinellidae (part) and supplement to Erotylidae (part). p. 241 - 256. In: Godman F, Salvin O (eds.). Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, vol. 7. R. H. Porter; London. 276 p. + 13 pl." type="book chapter" year="1898">Gorham 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), present location of
|
||
<typeStatus id="01354BFAE917FFC3E7287A82FB0D4083" box="[1117,1165,910,936]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material is the
|
||
<collectionCode id="B89F6D9DE917FFC3E6407A82FA204083" box="[1333,1440,910,936]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
(examined) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA1F88A9E917FFC3E23B7AA3FD9A40E2" author="Skelley PE & Tang W & Perez-Farrera MA" box="[334,538,943,970]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref27888" refString="Skelley PE, Tang W, Perez-Farrera MA. 2022. Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting the cycad genus Dioon Lindl. (Cycadales), with descriptions of nine new species and comments on P. kirschii Reitter. Insecta Mundi 0917: 1 - 41." type="book chapter" year="2022">Skelley et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE31F558E917FFC3E3B57AD5FE144796" blockId="37.[191,1442,985,1213]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE917FFC3E3B57AD5FDF840D8" bold="true" box="[192,632,985,1011]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Additional materials examined (641).</emphasis>
|
||
Data for all materials studied of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE917FFC3E09C7AD6FBD440D8" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1875" box="[1001,1108,985,1011]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirschii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE917FFC3E09C7AD6FC7840D8" box="[1001,1016,986,1011]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE917FFC3E7707AD5FBD440D8" box="[1029,1108,985,1011]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">kirschii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are presented in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA1F88A9E917FFC3E6637AD5FE8D473E" author="Skelley PE & Tang W & Perez-Farrera MA" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref27888" refString="Skelley PE, Tang W, Perez-Farrera MA. 2022. Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting the cycad genus Dioon Lindl. (Cycadales), with descriptions of nine new species and comments on P. kirschii Reitter. Insecta Mundi 0917: 1 - 41." type="book chapter" year="2022">Skelley et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. For
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1C4A3BBAE917FFC3E2317AF7FE20473E" box="[324,416,1019,1045]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Panama</collectingRegion>
|
||
, we studied
|
||
<specimenCount id="C8883ED1E917FFC3E15D7AF6FD5B473F" box="[552,731,1018,1044]" count="8" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" type="generic">eight specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
here considered to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE917FFC3E0A37AF7FBC1473F" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1875" box="[982,1089,1018,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirschii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE917FFC3E0A37AF7FC65473F" box="[982,997,1019,1044]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE917FFC3E0877AF6FBC1473F" box="[1010,1089,1018,1044]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">kirschii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE917FFC3E7387AF6FB4A473F" bold="true" box="[1101,1226,1018,1044]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A699B5C8E917FFC3E7387AF6FB45473F" box="[1101,1221,1018,1044]" name="Panama" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Canal Zone,
|
||
<date id="AA30D398E917FFC3E62A7AF7FF78471C" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" value="1952-05-12">12-V-1952</date>
|
||
, F. S. Blanton, at light (1
|
||
<collectionCode id="B89F6D9DE917FFC3E1707D10FDD9471D" box="[517,601,1052,1078]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE917FFC3E11C7D17FD56471D" bold="true" box="[617,726,1051,1078]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1C4A3BBAE917FFC3E11C7D17FD50471D" box="[617,720,1051,1078]" country="Panama" name="Chiriqui" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Chiriquí</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Chiriquicito,
|
||
<date id="AA30D398E917FFC3E0057D10FC69471D" box="[880,1001,1052,1078]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" value="1996-05-18">18-V-1996</date>
|
||
, R. Turnbow, mv + bl (1
|
||
<collectionCode id="B89F6D9DE917FFC3E7837D10FAC5471D" box="[1270,1349,1052,1078]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">RHTC</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE917FFC3E6237D17FA1F471D" bold="true" box="[1366,1439,1051,1078]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1C4A3BBAE917FFC3E6237D17FA1B471D" box="[1366,1435,1051,1078]" country="Panama" name="Cocle" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Coclé</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="197658BDE917FFC3E3B57D32FE8F4773" box="[192,271,1086,1113]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" unit="km" value="5.6">5.6 km</quantity>
|
||
. N. Pan Amer. Hwy, El Copé Rd,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BBBA939FE917FFC3E10C7D32FD564773" box="[633,726,1086,1112]" degrees="08" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" precision="925" value="8.616667">08°37′N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BBBA939FE917FFC3E1AA7D32FCBE4773" box="[735,830,1086,1113]" degrees="80" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" precision="925" value="-80.583336">80°35′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="AA30D398E917FFC3E0327D32FC3E4772" box="[839,958,1086,1113]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" value="1995-06-07">7-VI-1995</date>
|
||
, J. Ashe, R. Brooks, #141 ex slash (2
|
||
<collectionCode id="B89F6D9DE917FFC3E63D7D32FA154773" box="[1352,1429,1086,1112]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34264" name="University of Kansas - Biodiversity Institute" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" type="Museum">SEMC</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE917FFC3E3CA7D53FEA54752" bold="true" box="[191,293,1119,1145]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1C4A3BBAE917FFC3E3CA7D53FEA04752" box="[191,288,1119,1145]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Panama</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="197658BDE917FFC3E25B7D53FE1E4752" box="[302,414,1119,1146]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" unit="km" value="13.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="11.0">11-15 km</quantity>
|
||
. N. El Llano,
|
||
<date id="AA30D398E917FFC3E14E7D53FD334752" box="[571,691,1119,1145]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" value="1991-05-13">13-V-1991</date>
|
||
, R. Turnbow (1
|
||
<collectionCode id="B89F6D9DE917FFC3E01A7D53FC3E4752" box="[879,958,1119,1145]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">RHTC</collectionCode>
|
||
); Fort Kobbe,
|
||
<date id="AA30D398E917FFC3E7147D53FB584751" box="[1121,1240,1119,1146]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" value="1965-05-27">27-V-1965</date>
|
||
(1
|
||
<collectionCode id="B89F6D9DE917FFC3E78A7D53FAD34752" box="[1279,1363,1119,1145]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
); same locality,
|
||
<date id="AA30D398E917FFC3E26B7D8DFE1647B7" box="[286,406,1153,1180]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" value="1985-05-12">12-V-1985</date>
|
||
, A. J. Gilbert, P. H. Sullivan, and F. T. Hovore (1
|
||
<collectionCode id="B89F6D9DE917FFC3E0D07D8DFC6C47B0" box="[933,1004,1153,1179]" country="USA" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" type="Museum">FSCA</collectionCode>
|
||
); same locality,
|
||
<date id="AA30D398E917FFC3E7E27D8DFA9047B0" box="[1175,1296,1153,1179]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" value="1991-05-23">23-V-1991</date>
|
||
, R. Turnbow, mv + bl (1
|
||
<collectionCode id="B89F6D9DE917FFC3E24D7DAFFE074796" box="[312,391,1187,1213]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">RHTC</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9694A6D3E917FFC3E3B57DC0FCB8451D" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="DE31F558E917FFC3E3B57DC0FBEF4660" blockId="37.[191,1441,1228,1591]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE917FFC3E3B57DC0FEAF47CD" bold="true" box="[192,303,1228,1254]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on the volume of data for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE917FFC3E1DE7DC1FC9747CD" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1875" box="[683,791,1228,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirschii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE917FFC3E1DE7DC1FD3947CD" box="[683,697,1229,1254]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE917FFC3E1BD7DC0FC9747CD" box="[712,791,1228,1254]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">kirschii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
discussed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA1F88A9E917FFC3E0C57DC0FB0F47CD" author="Skelley PE & Tang W & Perez-Farrera MA" box="[944,1167,1228,1255]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref27888" refString="Skelley PE, Tang W, Perez-Farrera MA. 2022. Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting the cycad genus Dioon Lindl. (Cycadales), with descriptions of nine new species and comments on P. kirschii Reitter. Insecta Mundi 0917: 1 - 41." type="book chapter" year="2022">Skelley et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, it appears to be a more free-living species, occurring more commonly in leaf litter in the wild in many areas where there are no native or ornamental cycads. It is possible that cryptic species reside within the materials considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE917FFC3E7B17C1CFAB04602" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1875" box="[1220,1328,1295,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirschii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE917FFC3E7B17C1CFB534602" box="[1220,1235,1296,1321]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE917FFC3E7947C03FAB04602" box="[1249,1328,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">kirschii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We leave their analysis for future work when molecular grade materials are available for study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE31F558E917FFC3E2757C5EFCB8451D" blockId="37.[191,1441,1228,1591]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE917FFC3E2757C5EFE714647" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1875" box="[256,497,1362,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirschii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE917FFC3E2757C5EFE714647" box="[256,497,1362,1388]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">Pharaxonotha kirschii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from specimens collected in eastern Europe from Mexican plant products. Since then, it has been intercepted in many countries and mentioned many times in regional lists, regional reports, taxonomic catalogues, phylogenetic studies, keys to taxa, natural history accounts, etc., and now a growing number of websites. As the “Mexican grain beetle”,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198E8EDBE917FFC3E0357CB4FC2E46FA" authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1875" box="[832,942,1463,1490]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kirschii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE917FFC3E0357CB4FCD046FA" box="[832,848,1464,1489]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="ECFA294AE917FFC3E02A7CBBFC2E46FA" box="[863,942,1463,1489]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="36">kirschii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been discussed in references including
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA1F88A9E917FFC3E3B57CD5FE0646DF" author="Chittenden FH" box="[192,390,1497,1524]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" pagination="326 - 332" refId="ref26461" refString="Chittenden FH. 1895. On the distribution of certain imported beetles. Insect Life VII (4): 326 - 332." type="journal article" year="1895">Chittenden (1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA1F88A9E917FFC3E2E47CD5FE4A46D8" author="Chittenden FH" box="[401,458,1497,1523]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" pagination="8 - 13" refId="ref26485" refString="Chittenden FH. 1911. The Mexican grain beetle (Pharaxonotha kirschi Reitt.). Bulletin of the United States Department of Agriculture. Bureau of Entomology, Washington, DC. N. ser. 96 (1): 8 - 13." type="journal article" year="1911">1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA1F88A9E917FFC3E2A87CD5FDFF46DF" author="Hinton HE" box="[477,639,1497,1524]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" refId="ref26862" refString="Hinton HE. 1945. A monograph of the beetles associated with stored products. British Museum (Natural History); London. 442 p." type="book" year="1945">Hinton (1945)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA1F88A9E917FFC3E1FC7CD5FCCA46D8" author="Anderson DM" box="[649,842,1497,1523]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 767" refId="ref26091" refString="Anderson DM. 1987. Chapter 4. Larval beetles (Coleoptera). p. 95 - 113. In: Gorham JR (ed.). Insect and mite pests in food: An illustrated key. U. S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Handbook 655: 1 - 767." type="journal article" year="1987">Anderson (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Kingsolver (1987),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA1F88A9E917FFC3E75C7CD5FB7A46D8" author="Booth RG & Cox ML & Madge RB" box="[1065,1274,1497,1523]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" refId="ref26180" refString="Booth RG, Cox ML, Madge RB. 1990. IIE guides to insects of importance to man. 3. Coleoptera. International Institute of Entomology; The Natural History Museum; London. 384 p." type="book" year="1990">Booth et al. (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA1F88A9E917FFC3E6417CD5FE89453E" author="Lawrence JF" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" pagination="471 - 473" refId="ref26916" refString="Lawrence JF. 1991. Languriidae (Coleoptera) (including Cryptophilidae). p. 471 - 473. In: Stehr FW (ed.). Immature insects. Vol. 2. Kendall / Hunt Publishing Company; Dubuque, IA. XVI + 975 p." type="book chapter" year="1991">Lawrence (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and many others. For a further discussion of the natural and taxonomic history of this species and recently described, closely related species see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA1F88A9E917FFC3E12C7F10FCB4451D" author="Skelley PE & Tang W & Perez-Farrera MA" box="[601,820,1564,1591]" pageId="37" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref27888" refString="Skelley PE, Tang W, Perez-Farrera MA. 2022. Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting the cycad genus Dioon Lindl. (Cycadales), with descriptions of nine new species and comments on P. kirschii Reitter. Insecta Mundi 0917: 1 - 41." type="book chapter" year="2022">Skelley et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |