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<mods:title id="D730E0AE629EB76A81AE2762BF870924">A synoptic review of the ants of California (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0A30C0ADD34B549EA5D8ACCAFD2423AB">2005</mods:date>
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Genus
<taxonomicName id="D1836DB1FFF2FFF1FEE8FC94C616FC35" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" box="[351,590,878,904]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24F7CA20FFF2FFF1FEE8FC94C5A6FC35" bold="true" box="[351,510,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Temnothorax</emphasis>
Mayr
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Most of the California species formerly placed in
<taxonomicName id="D1836DB1FFF2FFF1FCE1FC43C7BDFC6F" box="[854,997,953,978]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24F7CA20FFF2FFF1FCE1FC43C7BDFC6F" box="[854,997,953,978]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Leptothorax</emphasis>
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have now been assigned to
<taxonomicName id="D1836DB1FFF2FFF1FEBFFC1BC60FFC46" authority="Bolton 2003" authorityName="Bolton" authorityYear="2003" box="[264,599,993,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Temnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24F7CA20FFF2FFF1FEBFFC1BC5C7FC47" box="[264,415,993,1018]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Temnothorax</emphasis>
(
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)
</taxonomicName>
. With at least twenty species in California, this is a diverse group showing wide variation in habitat and nest­site preferences. About a third of the species are arboreal. Most species appear to be generalist scavengers.
</paragraph>
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Species identification: keys in
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Wheeler and Wheeler (
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)
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and
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF2FFF1FBF9FBA3C15EFBCE" author="Mackay" box="[1102,1286,1113,1139]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Mackay, W. P. (2000) A review of the New World ants of the subgenus Myrafant, (genus Leptothorax) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 36, 265 - 444." type="journal article" year="2000">Mackay (2000)</bibRefCitation>
, in conjunction with the new synonymy introduced here (see above under “Taxonomic Changes”) and images on AntWeb. Additional references:
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF2FFF1FC78FB53C022FB7E" author="Bolton" box="[975,1146,1193,1219]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Bolton, B. (2003) Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 71, 1 - 370." type="journal article" year="2003">Bolton (2003)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF2FFF1FB3FFB53C17EFB7E" author="Cole" box="[1160,1318,1193,1219]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Cole, A. C., Jr. (1958 c) North American Leptothorax of the nitens - carinatus complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 51, 535 - 538." type="journal article" year="1958" yearSuffix="c">Cole (1958c)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF2FFF1FEBFFB2BC5BBFB56" author="Creighton" box="[264,483,1233,1259]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Creighton, W. S. (1950 a) The ants of North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 104, 1 - 585." type="journal article" year="1950" yearSuffix="a">Creighton (1950a)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF2FFF1FE58FB2BC77AFB56" author="Deyrup" box="[495,802,1233,1259]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Deyrup, M. &amp; Cover, S. (2004) A new species of the ant genus Leptothorax from Florida, with a key to the Leptothorax of the southeast (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Florida Entomologist, 87, 51 - 59." type="journal article" year="2004">Deyrup and Cover (2004)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF2FFF1FC98FB2BC007FB56" author="Douwes" box="[815,1119,1233,1259]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Douwes, P. &amp; Stille, B. (1987) The use of enzyme electrophoresis in Leptothorax classification. In: Eder, J. &amp; Rembold, H. (Eds.), Chemistry and biology of social insects. Verlag J. Peperny, Munchen, pp. 29 - 30." type="book chapter" year="1987">Douwes and Stille (1987)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF2FFF1FBDCFB2BC170FB56" author="Moglich" box="[1131,1320,1233,1259]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Moglich, M. (1979) Tandem calling pheromone in the genus Leptothorax (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): behavioral analysis of specificity. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 5, 35 - 52." type="journal article" year="1979">Möglich (1979)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF2FFF1FEBFFB03C5EBFAAE" author="Smith" box="[264,435,1273,1299]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Smith, M. R. (1949 e) A new Leptothorax commonly inhabiting the canyon live oak of California (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Psyche (Cambridge), 56, 112 - 115." type="journal article" year="1949" yearSuffix="e">Smith (1949e)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="72126BC3FFF2FFF1FE08FB03C6D2FAAE" author="Wheeler" box="[447,650,1273,1299]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1903 d) A revision of the North American ants of the genus Leptothorax Mayr. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 55, 215 - 260." type="journal article" year="1903" yearSuffix="d">Wheeler (1903d)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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