treatments-xml/data/2D/F2/85/2DF2853B29E75CB4BDC27EBB65A1289B.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1113-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1113-1" checkinTime="1658252710949" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena &amp; Glover, Adrian G." docDate="2022" docId="2DF2853B29E75CB4BDC27EBB65A1289B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1113: 1-110" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1113" docPubDate="2022-07-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172" docTitle="Psychronaetes sp. CCZ _ 101" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A" masterDocTitle="Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1658253014331" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">l.bribiesca-contreras@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart>Dahlgren, Thomas G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden &amp; Norwegian Research Centre, NORCE, Bergen, Norway</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Amon, Diva J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>SpeSeas, D'Abadie, Trinidad and Tobago</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Cairns, Stephen</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7209-9271</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Drennan, Regan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0137-5464</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Durden, Jennifer M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-9109</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>UMR ISYEB, Department Origines et Evolution, Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Eleaume, Marc P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Collections &amp; Research, Western Australia Museum, Perth, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hosie, Andrew M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5683-662X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kremenetskaia, Antonina</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8851-3318</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>McQuaid, Kirsty</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0395-8332</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>O'Hara, Timothy D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rabone, Muriel</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-2313</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Simon-Lledo, Erik</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>UMR ISYEB, Department Origines et Evolution, Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Smith, Craig R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3976-0889</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Watling, Les</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6901-1168</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wiklund, Helena</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8252-3504</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Glover, Adrian G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9489-074X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-07-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number>1113</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>110</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1113-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2DF2853B29E75CB4BDC27EBB65A1289B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2DF2853B29E75CB4BDC27EBB65A1289B" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="2DF2853B-29E7-5CB4-BDC2-7EBB65A1289B" authority="sp. CCZ _ 101" authorityName="sp. CCZ _ 101" class="Holothurioidea" family="Laetmogonidae" genus="Psychronaetes" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychronaetes" order="Elasipodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Psychronaetes sp. CCZ_101</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Psychronaetes sp. CCZ _ 101. Specimen CCZ _ 063 A in situ image. Specimen CCZ _ 101 B in situ image F dorsal ossicles. Specimen CCZ _ 103 C in situ image H dorsal ossicles. Specimen CCZ _ 104 D in situ image E dorsal view of specimen before preservation G ventral view. Scale bars: 5 cm (A, D); 2 cm (B); 1 cm (E, G); 75 μm (F); 100 μm (H). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A-D); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (E, G); Bribiesca-Contreras (F, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716374" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="ON400690, ON406630, ON400707, ON406631, ON400709, ON406639, ON400710, ON406632" collectingDate="2018-05-27" collectingDateMax="2018-06-03" collectingDateMin="2018-05-27" collectorName="Smith, Durden, GenBank, Voucher" elevation="3132" latitude="7.2647" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-149.7741" specimenCount="4">
Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; APEI 7; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4.8877" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.8877">4.8877°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="141.757" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-141.757">141.757°W</geoCoordinate>
; 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.132" unit="m" value="3132.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.132" unit="m" value="3132.0">3132 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep; 
<collectingDate value="2018-05-27">27 May. 2018</collectingDate>
; 
<collectorName>Smith</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Durden</collectorName>
leg.; 
<collectorName>GenBank</collectorName>
: 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON400690">ON400690</accessionNumber>
(COI), 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON406630">ON406630</accessionNumber>
(18S); NHMUK 2022.62; Voucher code: CCZ_063. • 
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; APEI 4; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="7.2647" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="7.2647">7.2647°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="149.7741" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-149.7741">149.7741°W</geoCoordinate>
; 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.562" unit="m" value="3562.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.562" unit="m" value="3562.0">3562 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep; 
<collectingDate value="2018-06-03">03 Jun. 2018</collectingDate>
; 
<collectorName>Smith</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Durden</collectorName>
leg.; GenBank: 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON400707">ON400707</accessionNumber>
(COI), 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON406631">ON406631</accessionNumber>
(18S); NHMUK 2022.65; Voucher code: CCZ_101. • 
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; APEI 4; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="7.2647" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="7.2647">7.2647°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="149.7741" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-149.7741">149.7741°W</geoCoordinate>
; 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.562" unit="m" value="3562.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.562" unit="m" value="3562.0">3562 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep; 
<collectingDate value="2018-06-03">03 Jun. 2018</collectingDate>
; 
<collectorName>Smith</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Durden</collectorName>
leg.; GenBank: 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON400709">ON400709</accessionNumber>
(COI), 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON406639">ON406639</accessionNumber>
(18S); NHMUK 2022.67; Voucher code: CCZ_103. • 
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; APEI 4; 
<geoCoordinate degrees="7.2647" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="7.2647">7.2647°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="149.7741" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-149.7741">149.7741°W</geoCoordinate>
; 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.562" unit="m" value="3562.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.562" unit="m" value="3562.0">3562 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep; 
<collectingDate value="2018-06-03">03 Jun. 2018</collectingDate>
; 
<collectorName>Smith</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Durden</collectorName>
leg.; 
<collectorName>GenBank</collectorName>
: 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON400710">ON400710</accessionNumber>
(COI), 
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON406632">ON406632</accessionNumber>
(18S); NHMUK 2022.68; 
<collectorName>Voucher</collectorName>
code: CCZ_104
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Four specimens (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Psychronaetes sp. CCZ _ 101. Specimen CCZ _ 063 A in situ image. Specimen CCZ _ 101 B in situ image F dorsal ossicles. Specimen CCZ _ 103 C in situ image H dorsal ossicles. Specimen CCZ _ 104 D in situ image E dorsal view of specimen before preservation G ventral view. Scale bars: 5 cm (A, D); 2 cm (B); 1 cm (E, G); 75 μm (F); 100 μm (H). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A-D); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (E, G); Bribiesca-Contreras (F, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716374" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48A-D</figureCitation>
). Body dorso-ventrally flattened (L = 15.9 cm, W = 3.4 cm), tapering at both ends; pronounced 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“neck”">&quot;neck&quot;</normalizedToken>
anteriorly; mouth anteroventral, anus posterodorsal. Tentacles 18, with long stems and large elongate oval discs (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Psychronaetes sp. CCZ _ 101. Specimen CCZ _ 063 A in situ image. Specimen CCZ _ 101 B in situ image F dorsal ossicles. Specimen CCZ _ 103 C in situ image H dorsal ossicles. Specimen CCZ _ 104 D in situ image E dorsal view of specimen before preservation G ventral view. Scale bars: 5 cm (A, D); 2 cm (B); 1 cm (E, G); 75 μm (F); 100 μm (H). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A-D); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (E, G); Bribiesca-Contreras (F, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716374" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48G</figureCitation>
). Body wall firm and leathery, dark violet in preserved specimen, with evident, numerous calcareous wheel-like ossicles that make the skin sparkle under light. Mid-ventral ambulacrum is naked; one irregular row of ≥ 40 tube feet running along each ventrolateral ambulacra (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Psychronaetes sp. CCZ _ 101. Specimen CCZ _ 063 A in situ image. Specimen CCZ _ 101 B in situ image F dorsal ossicles. Specimen CCZ _ 103 C in situ image H dorsal ossicles. Specimen CCZ _ 104 D in situ image E dorsal view of specimen before preservation G ventral view. Scale bars: 5 cm (A, D); 2 cm (B); 1 cm (E, G); 75 μm (F); 100 μm (H). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A-D); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (E, G); Bribiesca-Contreras (F, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716374" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48G</figureCitation>
), very conspicuous on live specimens (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Psychronaetes sp. CCZ _ 101. Specimen CCZ _ 063 A in situ image. Specimen CCZ _ 101 B in situ image F dorsal ossicles. Specimen CCZ _ 103 C in situ image H dorsal ossicles. Specimen CCZ _ 104 D in situ image E dorsal view of specimen before preservation G ventral view. Scale bars: 5 cm (A, D); 2 cm (B); 1 cm (E, G); 75 μm (F); 100 μm (H). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A-D); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (E, G); Bribiesca-Contreras (F, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716374" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48A-D</figureCitation>
), but fully retracted on preserved specimens. Paired dorsal ambulacra with ~ 20 papillae each; ~ 7 long thick papillae distributed along each ambulacrum, interspersed with smaller ones (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Psychronaetes sp. CCZ _ 101. Specimen CCZ _ 063 A in situ image. Specimen CCZ _ 101 B in situ image F dorsal ossicles. Specimen CCZ _ 103 C in situ image H dorsal ossicles. Specimen CCZ _ 104 D in situ image E dorsal view of specimen before preservation G ventral view. Scale bars: 5 cm (A, D); 2 cm (B); 1 cm (E, G); 75 μm (F); 100 μm (H). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A-D); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (E, G); Bribiesca-Contreras (F, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716374" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48A-E</figureCitation>
). There are ~ 18 large conical papillae surrounding the anterior margin dorsally, fully fused forming a fringe (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Psychronaetes sp. CCZ _ 101. Specimen CCZ _ 063 A in situ image. Specimen CCZ _ 101 B in situ image F dorsal ossicles. Specimen CCZ _ 103 C in situ image H dorsal ossicles. Specimen CCZ _ 104 D in situ image E dorsal view of specimen before preservation G ventral view. Scale bars: 5 cm (A, D); 2 cm (B); 1 cm (E, G); 75 μm (F); 100 μm (H). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A-D); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (E, G); Bribiesca-Contreras (F, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716374" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48B, D</figureCitation>
). Dorsal ossicles numerous, wheel-like, of different sizes (ranging from 77-340 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
in diameter) but mostly large; strongly concave; central primary cross with 4-6 struts, mostly four; smooth rim; with 10-16, mostly 12, short spokes (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Psychronaetes sp. CCZ _ 101. Specimen CCZ _ 063 A in situ image. Specimen CCZ _ 101 B in situ image F dorsal ossicles. Specimen CCZ _ 103 C in situ image H dorsal ossicles. Specimen CCZ _ 104 D in situ image E dorsal view of specimen before preservation G ventral view. Scale bars: 5 cm (A, D); 2 cm (B); 1 cm (E, G); 75 μm (F); 100 μm (H). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A-D); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (E, G); Bribiesca-Contreras (F, H)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716374" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48F, H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716374" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 48" startId="F48">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 48.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Holothurioidea" family="Laetmogonidae" genus="Psychronaetes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychronaetes" order="Elasipodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Psychronaetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. CCZ_101. Specimen CCZ_063 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
in situ image. Specimen CCZ_101 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
in situ image 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
dorsal ossicles. Specimen CCZ_103 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
in situ image 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
dorsal ossicles. Specimen CCZ_104 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
in situ image 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
dorsal view of specimen before preservation 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
ventral view. Scale bars: 5 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, D</emphasis>
); 2 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
); 1 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, G</emphasis>
); 75 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
); 100 
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-D</emphasis>
); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, G</emphasis>
); Bribiesca-Contreras (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F, H</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Based on ossicle morphology, the four specimens were considered to belong to the same species. Sequence of the 18S were found to be identical between specimens CCZ_063, CCZ_101, and CCZ_104 (0.0% K2P distance) but 1.3% divergent from CCZ_103. The COI gene was amplified for the four specimens and genetic divergence ranges between 0.8% to 7.4%. The two specimens collected in APEI 4 are less genetically divergent (CCZ_101-CCZ_104 = 0.8% K2P). The specimen collected in APEI 7 (CCZ_063) is 2.3-2.9% divergent from the other three. The specimen CCZ_103 is 7.4% divergent to CCZ_101 and CCZ_104, but only 2.9% divergent from CCZ_063. While the former values are within the range of interspecific genetic divergence, we considered the specimen to belong to the same species as both the ossicle and external morphological characters are similar to the other three specimens. In addition, the trace files for both 18S and COI for this specimen are messy and the high genetic divergence could be an artifact of miss-called nucleotides. Unfortunately, there are no sequences available for 
<taxonomicName class="Holothurioidea" family="Laetmogonidae" genus="Psychronaetes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychronaetes" order="Elasipodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Psychronaetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but we included sequences of other genera within the family (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1882" class="Holothuroidea" family="Laetmogonidae" genus="Pannychia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pannychia" order="Elasipodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pannychia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Laetmogonidae" genus="Laetmogone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laetmogone" order="Ophioscolecida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Laetmogone</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1895" class="Holothuroidea" family="Laetmogonidae" genus="Benthogone" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benthogone" order="Elasipodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Benthogone</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) for which COI genetic divergence ranged from 23-31%. In the phylogenetic tree, the four specimens were recovered in a well-supported clade (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Phylogenetic tree of the class Holothuroidea. Concatenated (12 S, 16 S, 18 S, 28 S, COI, and H 3) median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP&gt; 0.70 and BS&gt; 50 are shown, with values of PP&gt; 0.95 and BS&gt; 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716360" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34</figureCitation>
), close to other 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ekman" authorityYear="1926" class="Holothuroidea" family="Laetmogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Elasipodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Laetmogonidae</taxonomicName>
(poorly supported). This species has an anterior brim, which is characteristic of the monotypic genus 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Holothurioidea" family="Laetmogonidae" genus="Psychronaetes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychronaetes" order="Elasipodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Psychronaetes</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pawson" authorityYear="1983" class="Holothurioidea" family="Laetmogonidae" genus="Psychronaetes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychronaetes hanseni" order="Elasipodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hanseni">Psychronaetes hanseni</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
Pawson, 1983 differs from the four specimens in having smaller dorsal wheel ossicles (d = 50-80 
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
) with 9-12 spokes, only 15 tube feet on each of paired ventral ambulacrum, 15 mouth tentacles instead of 18, and in the number of papillae on the dorsal paired ambulacra. The species and genus were described from two specimens collected in the CCZ (
<bibRefCitation author="Pawson, DL" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="154 - 159" refId="B77" refString="Pawson, DL, 1983. Psychronaetes hanseni, a new genus and species of elasipodan sea cucumber from the eastern central Pacific (Echinodermata: Holothurioidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 96: 154 - 159" title="Psychronaetes hanseni, a new genus and species of elasipodan sea cucumber from the eastern central Pacific (Echinodermata: Holothurioidea)." volume="96" year="1983">Pawson 1983</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The four specimens were found on the sedimented seafloor of seamounts in APEIs 4 and 7 between 3132-3562 m depth.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comparisons">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comparison with image-based catalogue.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
No exactly similar 
<taxonomicName class="Holothurioidea" family="Laetmogonidae" genus="Psychronaetes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychronaetes" order="Elasipodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Psychronaetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. morphotypes have been encountered in seabed image surveys conducted in the eastern CCZ or in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ images of these specimens were catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e., 
<taxonomicName class="Holothurioidea" family="Laetmogonidae" genus="Psychronaetes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychronaetes" order="Elasipodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Psychronaetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. indet., HOL_110). However, HOL_110 can resemble at least two other 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ekman" authorityYear="1926" class="Holothuroidea" family="Laetmogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Elasipodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Laetmogonidae</taxonomicName>
morphotypes catalogued from seabed imagery; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ekman" authorityYear="1926" class="Holothuroidea" family="Laetmogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Elasipodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Laetmogonidae</taxonomicName>
gen. indet., HOL_030 (e.g., dark violet, but with 8+ long papillae) which is commonly found in the eastern CCZ (but not in the Kiribati EEZ); and 
<taxonomicName class="Holothurioidea" family="Laetmogonidae" genus="Psychronaetes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychronaetes" order="Elasipodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Psychronaetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. indet., HOL_122 (e.g., violet, but only with six or seven long papillae and with fewer (&lt;20) and larger, thick tube feet) which was also only found in the western CCZ.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>