336 lines
37 KiB
XML
336 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.72.38908" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b4f39951-a4b7-4781-a77c-35a7cb7b3bef" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-72-45" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7F486FCB6C6A596DB180F35F61E7DB5E" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3532305" ID-ZooBank="CA13DAABA1DA4057ACF8CAC7495BAEE6" ModsDocID="1314-2607-72-45" checkinTime="1572595427286" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, David R. & Nishida, Kenji" docDate="2019" docId="09A67951C064535B8F430698C1E87C12" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 72: 45-65" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 72" docPubDate="2019-10-31" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.72.38908" docTitle="Waldheimia saurauia Smith & Nishida 2019, sp. nov" docType="treatment" docUuid="F8C3251E-EDF8-4EDC-86F8-D0B45E54B29A" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="7F486FCB6C6A596DB180F35F61E7DB5E" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="7F486FCB6C6A596DB180F35F61E7DB5E" masterDocTitle="A new genus and three new species of Neotropical sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) from Costa Rica, with host plants and life history notes" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1678753251937" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new genus and three new species of Neotropical sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) from Costa Rica, with host plants and life history notes</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, David R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, c / o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington, D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">sawfly2@aol.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nishida, Kenji</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Collaborator, Museo de Zoologia, Universidad de Costa Rica & Estacion Biologica Monteverde, Apdo. 22 - 5655, Monteverde, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2019-10-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>72</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>45</mods:start>
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<mods:end>65</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.72.38908</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.72.38908</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-72-45</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">CA13DAABA1DA4057ACF8CAC7495BAEE6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7F486FCB6C6A596DB180F35F61E7DB5E</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3532305</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="160104984" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F8C3251E-EDF8-4EDC-86F8-D0B45E54B29A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/09A67951C064535B8F430698C1E87C12" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/F8C3251E-EDF8-4EDC-86F8-D0B45E54B29A" authority="Smith & Nishida" authorityName="Smith & Nishida" authorityYear="2019" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Waldheimia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Waldheimia saurauia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="saurauia" status="sp. nov">Waldheimia saurauia Smith & Nishida</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="45">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 8. Waldheimia saurauia (except 6) 1 dorsal view, female 2 head, front 3 head, dorsal 4 female sheath, lateral 5 female lancet 6 female lancet of W. laeta 7 male genital capsule 8 male penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351508" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figs 1-8</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–15" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9 - 15. Waldheimia saurauia 9 general habitat of Estacion Biologica Monteverde 10 habitat at open trail along valley, arrow pointing at young Saurauia montana tree where young larvae were found 11 oviposition scar-swellings on secondary veins with larva-exited holes 12 middle stage first instar larvae, ca. 4 mm long, on underside leaf near oviposition site; some oviposition swellings are visible 13 early to middle instar larvae intermingled and resting 14 last feeding instar larva, lateral 15 last feeding instar larva, dorsolateral." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures9-15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351509" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 9-15</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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Head black; legs with coxae, trochanters, and femora orange, tibiae and tarsi black; wings yellow with apex from stigma black; abdomen orange with apex black; lancet (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 8. Waldheimia saurauia (except 6) 1 dorsal view, female 2 head, front 3 head, dorsal 4 female sheath, lateral 5 female lancet 6 female lancet of W. laeta 7 male genital capsule 8 male penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351508" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures1-8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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) elongate, gradually tapering from base to apex; annuli straight.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Female</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 8. Waldheimia saurauia (except 6) 1 dorsal view, female 2 head, front 3 head, dorsal 4 female sheath, lateral 5 female lancet 6 female lancet of W. laeta 7 male genital capsule 8 male penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351508" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures1-8">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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): Length 8.5 mm. Antenna, head, and mouthparts black. Thorax orange with large black spot on mesoscutal middle lobe. Legs with coxae, trochanters, and femora orange, tibiae and tarsi black. Abdomen orange with apical three segments and sheath black. Forewing yellow infuscated with apex from base of stigma black; veins yellow in yellow part, black in black part; stigma mostly black with extreme base orange. Hindwing yellow with apex from about apex of stigma black; veins yellow in yellow part, black in black part; stigma mostly yellow.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Head</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 8. Waldheimia saurauia (except 6) 1 dorsal view, female 2 head, front 3 head, dorsal 4 female sheath, lateral 5 female lancet 6 female lancet of W. laeta 7 male genital capsule 8 male penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351508" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures1-8">Figs 1-3</figureCitation>
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): Antenna long, slender, 2.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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head width; 1st and 2nd antennomeres each longer than broad; 3rd antennomere subequal in length to 4th; 5th antennomere 0.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of 4th; apical 4 antennomeres about subequal in length, together about 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of 3rd; apical 4 antennomeres with elongate, pale sensory pits the length of each antennomere except for the basal quarter of the 6th. Malar space about as broad as diameter of front ocellus. Lower interocular distance 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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eye height. Distances between eye and lateral ocellus, between lateral ocelli, and between lateral ocellus and hind margin of head as 1.0:0.7:0.8; postocellar area 1.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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broader than long.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Thorax</emphasis>
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: Hind basitarsus 1.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than remaining tarsomeres combined; inner hind tibial spur 0.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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length of hind basitarsus.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Abdomen</emphasis>
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: Sheath uniformly slender in dorsal view, with short, stiff hairs; in lateral view (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 8. Waldheimia saurauia (except 6) 1 dorsal view, female 2 head, front 3 head, dorsal 4 female sheath, lateral 5 female lancet 6 female lancet of W. laeta 7 male genital capsule 8 male penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351508" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures1-8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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) straight above, rounded below. Lancet (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 8. Waldheimia saurauia (except 6) 1 dorsal view, female 2 head, front 3 head, dorsal 4 female sheath, lateral 5 female lancet 6 female lancet of W. laeta 7 male genital capsule 8 male penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351508" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures1-8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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) long, gradually tapering from base to apex, annuli parallel and straight; with about 25 serrulae, serrulae flat with 4 or 5 small subbasal teeth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Male</emphasis>
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: Length, 8.0 mm. Color and structure similar to holotype. Genitalia in
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 8. Waldheimia saurauia (except 6) 1 dorsal view, female 2 head, front 3 head, dorsal 4 female sheath, lateral 5 female lancet 6 female lancet of W. laeta 7 male genital capsule 8 male penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351508" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures1-8">Figs 7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 8. Waldheimia saurauia (except 6) 1 dorsal view, female 2 head, front 3 head, dorsal 4 female sheath, lateral 5 female lancet 6 female lancet of W. laeta 7 male genital capsule 8 male penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351508" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures1-8">8</figureCitation>
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; harpe elongate, about 2.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than broad; valviceps of penis vale rounded at apex, with dorsal lobe.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3532311" doi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351508" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" start="Figures 1–8" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figures 1-8.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith & Nishida" authorityYear="2019" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Waldheimia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Waldheimia saurauia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="saurauia">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Waldheimia saurauia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(except 6)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">1</emphasis>
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dorsal view, female
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">2</emphasis>
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head, front
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">3</emphasis>
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head, dorsal
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">4</emphasis>
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female sheath, lateral
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">5</emphasis>
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female lancet
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">6</emphasis>
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female lancet of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="W. laeta" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="laeta">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">W. laeta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">7</emphasis>
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male genital capsule
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">8</emphasis>
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male penis valve.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Larva</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–15" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9 - 15. Waldheimia saurauia 9 general habitat of Estacion Biologica Monteverde 10 habitat at open trail along valley, arrow pointing at young Saurauia montana tree where young larvae were found 11 oviposition scar-swellings on secondary veins with larva-exited holes 12 middle stage first instar larvae, ca. 4 mm long, on underside leaf near oviposition site; some oviposition swellings are visible 13 early to middle instar larvae intermingled and resting 14 last feeding instar larva, lateral 15 last feeding instar larva, dorsolateral." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures9-15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351509" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures9-15">Figs 12-15</figureCitation>
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): Last feeding instar 15-25 mm long. Head black, width ca. 2.5 mm. Body white, second thoracic segment to abdominal segment 7 greenish internally; thoracic legs white, apically yellowish, claws black. Abdominal segments 1-7 with yellow tint more visible along spiracular to proleg area; anal plate white (n = 20).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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Holotype female, labeled "COSTA RICA, Puntarenas Province, Monteverde,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
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Monteverde, 1530 m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="08.5" value="10.319028">10°19'08.5"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="84" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="32.0" value="-84.80889">84°48'32.0"W</geoCoordinate>
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, larvae coll. 26.ix.2017, adult 14.i.2018, Kenji Nishida (USNM). Paratypes: Same data as for holotype (1 ♀ MZUCR); same data as for holotype except middle to late instar larvae collected 8.vii.2018, cocoons spun
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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20.vii.2018, adult emergence 9-12.ix.2018, on
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Actinidiaceae" genus="Saurauia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saurauia montana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Saurauia montana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, Kenji Nishida (3 ♀, MZUCR, USNM); same except adult emergence 3.ix.2018 (2 ♂, USNM MZUCR); Est. Biol. Las Alturas, 1500m, Coto Brus, Prov. Punt., COSTA RICA, M. Ramirez, Set 1991, L-S-822500, 591800; Costa Rica, INBIO CR1000, 619428 (1 ♀, INBio); Est. La Casona Res. Biol., Monteverde, 1520m, Prov. Punt., COSTA RICA, N. Obando, Dic 1990, L-N-253250, 449700; Costa Rica, INBIO, CRI000, 664810 (1 ♀, INBio); Quebrada Segunda Ref. Nac. Fuana Silv. Tapanti, 1150m, Prov. Cartago, Costa Rica, G. Mora, Abr 1992, L-N 194000, 560000; Costa Rica, INBIO, CR1000, 727881 (1 ♀, INBio).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">One paratype is about 8.5 mm long, the others are about 10.0 mm long. One paratype has the mesoscutal middle lobe, spot on the posterior corner of the mesoscutal lateral lobes, center of mesoscutellum, upper two-thirds of mesepisternum and mesepimeron blackish. Another paratype has similar black marks on the mesonotum, but the underthorax is completely orange.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">The name is the generic name of the host plant.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="host">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Host, life history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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Larvae feed on
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Actinidiaceae" genus="Saurauia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saurauia montana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Saurauia montana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Actinidiaceae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Actinidiaceae</taxonomicName>
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). First to last feeding instar larvae were found on 45 cm to ca. 3 m tall trees growing along open trails contiguous to valley or stream (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–15" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9 - 15. Waldheimia saurauia 9 general habitat of Estacion Biologica Monteverde 10 habitat at open trail along valley, arrow pointing at young Saurauia montana tree where young larvae were found 11 oviposition scar-swellings on secondary veins with larva-exited holes 12 middle stage first instar larvae, ca. 4 mm long, on underside leaf near oviposition site; some oviposition swellings are visible 13 early to middle instar larvae intermingled and resting 14 last feeding instar larva, lateral 15 last feeding instar larva, dorsolateral." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures9-15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351509" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures9-15">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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) (n = 10 trees, 8 cohorts/groups). Eggs are unknown, but remains of eggs (egg shells) were found. Swellings from oviposition were noticed along the primary and secondary veins of young and soft leaves near apical shoots (n = 7) (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–15" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9 - 15. Waldheimia saurauia 9 general habitat of Estacion Biologica Monteverde 10 habitat at open trail along valley, arrow pointing at young Saurauia montana tree where young larvae were found 11 oviposition scar-swellings on secondary veins with larva-exited holes 12 middle stage first instar larvae, ca. 4 mm long, on underside leaf near oviposition site; some oviposition swellings are visible 13 early to middle instar larvae intermingled and resting 14 last feeding instar larva, lateral 15 last feeding instar larva, dorsolateral." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures9-15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351509" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures9-15">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each swelling was ca. 2.5 x 1.5 mm. By dissecting the swelling, a single egg shell (or a dead larva) was found in each. Apparent oviposition scar as old hole of ca. 0.5 mm was observed on the side of the secondary veins on underside leaf (abaxial) (n = 30). The first instar larva in the egg apparently made an exit orifice of ca. 0.5 mm on upperside leaf (adaxial) (n = 30). Early to late stage first instar were feeding gregariously, skeletonizing leaf along or near the oviposition site on abaxial (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–15" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9 - 15. Waldheimia saurauia 9 general habitat of Estacion Biologica Monteverde 10 habitat at open trail along valley, arrow pointing at young Saurauia montana tree where young larvae were found 11 oviposition scar-swellings on secondary veins with larva-exited holes 12 middle stage first instar larvae, ca. 4 mm long, on underside leaf near oviposition site; some oviposition swellings are visible 13 early to middle instar larvae intermingled and resting 14 last feeding instar larva, lateral 15 last feeding instar larva, dorsolateral." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures9-15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351509" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures9-15">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thirty and 33 first instar larvae were counted in each single cohort (n = 2). Also under natural conditions in the field, early to middle instar larvae were intermingled and resting together (n = 1 group) (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 9–15" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9 - 15. Waldheimia saurauia 9 general habitat of Estacion Biologica Monteverde 10 habitat at open trail along valley, arrow pointing at young Saurauia montana tree where young larvae were found 11 oviposition scar-swellings on secondary veins with larva-exited holes 12 middle stage first instar larvae, ca. 4 mm long, on underside leaf near oviposition site; some oviposition swellings are visible 13 early to middle instar larvae intermingled and resting 14 last feeding instar larva, lateral 15 last feeding instar larva, dorsolateral." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures9-15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351509" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures9-15">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). Middle to late instars were also found together resting and feeding on abaxial of relatively young leaves located at apical growth of the plant (n = 4 groups). The larvae did not feed on the secondary veins of mature, hard leaves, but readily fed on the secondary veins of relatively young leaves. Under natural and rearing conditions, last feeding instars were scattered along different leaves, found either solitary or in groups of two to four larvae (n = 30 larvae). Neither early nor late instar larvae fed on leaf buds or mature old leaves. The last feeding instar larvae molted and went under soil. Soil-covered ovoid cocoons (11-13 x 6-7 mm, n = 7) were located at the bottom surface of the dioramic aquarium. A parasitoid, an unidentified fly (n = 1) (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tachinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), emerged from a cocoon of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. saurauia" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="saurauia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">W. saurauia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Summary of collecting and rearing records is a follows: Middle to large instar larvae 26.xi.2017, most went into soil 4.xii.2017, adult emergence 4.i.2018; middle to late instar 8.vii.2018, cocoon spun 20.vii.2018, adult emergence 9-12.ix.2018; first instar 6.viii.2018, late to last feeding instar 20.ix.2018, went into soil 25.ix-6.x.2018. First instar larvae 25.ix.2018, middle instar larvae 15.x.2018. Early instar larvae 10.x.2018.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3532323" doi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures9-15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351509" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" start="Figures 9–15" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figures 9-15.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith & Nishida" authorityYear="2019" class="Rhynchonellata" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Waldheimia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Waldheimia saurauia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="saurauia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Waldheimia saurauia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">9</emphasis>
|
||
general habitat of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
Monteverde
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">10</emphasis>
|
||
habitat at open trail along valley, arrow pointing at young
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Actinidiaceae" genus="Saurauia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saurauia montana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Saurauia montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
tree where young larvae were found
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">11</emphasis>
|
||
oviposition scar-swellings on secondary veins with larva-exited holes
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">12</emphasis>
|
||
middle stage first instar larvae, ca. 4 mm long, on underside leaf near oviposition site; some oviposition swellings are visible
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">13</emphasis>
|
||
early to middle instar larvae intermingled and resting
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">14</emphasis>
|
||
last feeding instar larva, lateral
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">15</emphasis>
|
||
last feeding instar larva, dorsolateral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
At adult stage, this species is almost identical in color to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Rhynchonellata" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Waldheimia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Waldheimia laeta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="species" species="laeta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Waldheimia laeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cameron) known from Central America and northern South America, but
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. laeta" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="laeta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">W. laeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually has the clypeus white, areas around the antennal insertions orange, the mesonotum entirely orange, the apical four antennomeres shorter with the 6th and 7th only about as broad as long, the sheath shorter and rounded at its apex and by the lancet. The lancet of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. laeta" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="laeta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">W. laeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 8. Waldheimia saurauia (except 6) 1 dorsal view, female 2 head, front 3 head, dorsal 4 female sheath, lateral 5 female lancet 6 female lancet of W. laeta 7 male genital capsule 8 male penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351508" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures1-8">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) is elongate but abruptly tapering to a rounded apex and has slanted annuli.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
The host plant,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Actinidiaceae" genus="Saurauia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saurauia montana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Saurauia montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is a relatively small tree 3-10 m high, leaves become up to ca. 8 by 30 cm, and distributed between Honduras and Panama. In Costa Rica, it has been recorded from 200-2600 m elevations on both Pacific and Atlantic (Caribbean) slopes, and in Monteverde area it is found commonly up to 1550 m in open habitat (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haber, WA" journalOrPublisher="Mountain Gern Publications, Monteverde" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" refId="B5" refString="Haber, WA, Zuchowski, W, Bello, F, 2000. An introduction to cloud forest trees: Monteverde, Costa Rica. Mountain Gern Publications, Monteverde" title="An introduction to cloud forest trees: Monteverde, Costa Rica." year="2000">Haber et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mickel, JT" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" publicationUrl="http://www.tropicos.org" refId="B15" refString="2018. . http://www.tropicos.org" url="http://www.tropicos.org" year="2018">Missouri Botanical Garden 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Hosts for other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Rhynchonellata" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Waldheimia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Waldheimia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Brachiopoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Waldheimia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Cissus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cissus pseudosicyoidea" order="Vitales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudosicyoidea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Cissus pseudosicyoidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Croat (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Vitales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Vitaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. fascipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="fascipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">W. fascipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Norton) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, DR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="312 - 332" refId="B22" refString="Smith, DR, Janzen, DH, 2003b. Food plants and life histories of sawflies of the families Tenthredinidae and Pergidae (Hymenoptera) in Costa Rica, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 12: 312 - 332" title="Food plants and life histories of sawflies of the families Tenthredinidae and Pergidae (Hymenoptera) in Costa Rica, with descriptions of four new species." volume="12" year="2003 b">Smith and Janzen 2003b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Cissus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cissus rhombifolia" order="Vitales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhombifolia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Cissus rhombifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Vahl (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Vitales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Vitaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. suturalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="suturalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">W. suturalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cameron) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, DR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="312 - 332" refId="B22" refString="Smith, DR, Janzen, DH, 2003b. Food plants and life histories of sawflies of the families Tenthredinidae and Pergidae (Hymenoptera) in Costa Rica, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 12: 312 - 332" title="Food plants and life histories of sawflies of the families Tenthredinidae and Pergidae (Hymenoptera) in Costa Rica, with descriptions of four new species." volume="12" year="2003 b">Smith and Janzen 2003b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" genus="Cissus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cissus alata" order="Vitales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Cissus alata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Jacq (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Vitaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Vitales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Vitaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. laeta" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="laeta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">W. laeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cameron (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.35.5496" author="Smith, DR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="17 - 31" refId="B23" refString="Smith, DR, Janzen, DH, Hallwachs, W, 2013. Food plants and life histories of sawflies of the families Argidae and Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera) in Costa Rica, a supplement. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 35: 17 - 31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.35.5496" title="Food plants and life histories of sawflies of the families Argidae and Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera) in Costa Rica, a supplement." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.35.5496" volume="35" year="2013">Smith et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" genus="Davilla" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Davilla nitida" order="Dilleniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitida">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Davilla nitida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Vahl) Kubitzki (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dilleniaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Dilleniales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dilleniaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. lucianocapellii" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="lucianocapellii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">W. lucianocapellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Smith (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.35.5496" author="Smith, DR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="17 - 31" refId="B23" refString="Smith, DR, Janzen, DH, Hallwachs, W, 2013. Food plants and life histories of sawflies of the families Argidae and Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera) in Costa Rica, a supplement. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 35: 17 - 31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.35.5496" title="Food plants and life histories of sawflies of the families Argidae and Tenthredinidae (Hymenoptera) in Costa Rica, a supplement." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.35.5496" volume="35" year="2013">Smith et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Hamelia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hamelia patens" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Hamelia patens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Jacq. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="W. interstitialis" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="interstitialis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">W. interstitialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cameron) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kimsey, LS" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="191 - 201" refId="B9" refString="Kimsey, LS, Smith, DR, 1985. Two new species, larval descriptions, and lift history notes on some Panamanian sawflies (Hymenoptera: Argidae, Tenthredinidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 87: 191 - 201" title="Two new species, larval descriptions, and lift history notes on some Panamanian sawflies (Hymenoptera: Argidae, Tenthredinidae)." volume="87" year="1985">Kimsey and Smith 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, DR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="312 - 332" refId="B22" refString="Smith, DR, Janzen, DH, 2003b. Food plants and life histories of sawflies of the families Tenthredinidae and Pergidae (Hymenoptera) in Costa Rica, with descriptions of four new species. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 12: 312 - 332" title="Food plants and life histories of sawflies of the families Tenthredinidae and Pergidae (Hymenoptera) in Costa Rica, with descriptions of four new species." volume="12" year="2003 b">Smith and Janzen 2003b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |