107 lines
11 KiB
XML
107 lines
11 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.1913" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3410af4f-dc70-4642-9897-9e09a6296098" ID-PMC="PMC3689107" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-298-39" ID-PubMed="23794884" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-298-39" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 298" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the genus Placospongia (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida, Placospongiidae) in the Indo-West Pacific" checkinTime="1451247311891" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Becking, Leontine E." docDate="2013" docId="43E23AAC38D880FBFE6EFBA3E5673175" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 298: 39-76" docOrigin="ZooKeys 298" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.1913" docTitle="Placospongia Gray 1867" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="FFE8630C6963FFA640287A488C11C60B" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Placospongia (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida, Placospongiidae) in the Indo-West Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1668155801409" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Revision of the genus Placospongia (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida, Placospongiidae) in the Indo-West Pacific</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Becking, Leontine E.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number>298</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>39</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>76</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location>
|
|
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.1913</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.1913</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-298-39</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152043835" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:43E23AAC38D880FBFE6EFBA3E5673175" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/43E23AAC38D880FBFE6EFBA3E5673175" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Placospongia" authority="Gray, 1867" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia" order="Clionaida" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="44" start="start">Placospongia</pageBreakToken>
|
|
Gray, 1867
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="type species">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Type species:</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia melobesioides" order="Clionaida" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="melobesioides">Placospongia melobesioides</taxonomicName>
|
|
Gray, 1867 by monotypy
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="44" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
Description, amended from Systema Porifera (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Raffles Bulletin Zoological Supplement" pageId="23" pageNumber="62" title="Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Volume 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow." url="10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5" year="2002">Hooper and van Soest 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
Encrusting to branching growth forms. Small encrustations of 3 cm2 to large surfaces of>2m2 to branching individual with total size of up to 45cm in length and branch diameter between 0.25-1.5cm. Total size of specimens is hard to establish as parts of the body may be encrusting within cracks. Dried material is hard, alcohol preserved and live specimens remain compressible as the choanosome is of more pliant material than the cortex. The surface is made up of smooth cortical plates separated by contractible grooves which form a kind of network on the surface while these are firmly closed in preserved specimens. See
|
|
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Vosmaer and Vernhout (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
and
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Ruetzler, K" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution" pageId="24" pageNumber="63" title="Family Placospongiidae Gray, 1867. In: Hooper JNA, van Soest RW M (Ed.) Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. 1 (Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow), Pp. 196 - 200." url="10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_21" year="2002">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rützler">Ruetzler</normalizedToken>
|
|
(2002)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
for an extensive description of the genus. In live specimens grooves are open and oscules are visible inside contractile ridges, running between plates. Live color white, cream, orange, reddish brown to dark black-brown (Fig. 1, 2) and come color is usually retained after alcohol preservation. The contact lines between the plates ridge up slightly and are generally a different shade of the color of the plates.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
Skeleton. The cortical plates consist of densely packed selenasters and can also contain auxiliary microscleres. Developmental stages of selenasters occur throughout the choanosome. Tylostyle tracts support the margins of the cortical plates. In branching specimens radial tylostyle tracts run from the centre core (consisting of densely packed selenaster) to the cortical plates, in encrusting specimens tracts run in direction from substrate to cortex. The sharp ends of the smaller tylostyles are projected beyond the cortex surface. Microscleres occur in the cortex and scattered in choanosomal skeleton. For a detailed description of external morphology and anatomy see
|
|
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Vosmaer and Vernhout (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="44">Spicules. Megascleres are tylostyles in two size classes, microscleres are selenasters, and can include choanosomal and ectosomal spirasters (slender-spined streptasters and acanthose microrhabds), spherasters, and/or spherules. Selenasters often remain pigmented after treatment with bleach or nitric acid.</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
Figure 1. In situ underwater images of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia" order="Clionaida" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Placospongia</taxonomicName>
|
|
spp. in Indonesia, displaying natural variation in color and growth form of live specimens. A
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia mixta" order="Clionaida" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mixta">Placospongia mixta</taxonomicName>
|
|
(by L.E. Becking) B
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia carinata" order="Clionaida" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carinata">Placospongia carinata</taxonomicName>
|
|
(by L.E. Becking) C
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia carinata" order="Clionaida" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carinata">Placospongia carinata</taxonomicName>
|
|
(by L.E. Becking) D
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia melobesioides" order="Clionaida" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="melobesioides">Placospongia melobesioides</taxonomicName>
|
|
(by N.J. de Voogd).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="44">
|
|
Figure 2. Gradation of external coloration in preserved specimens. A
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia mixta" order="Clionaida" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mixta">Placospongia mixta</taxonomicName>
|
|
RMNH POR. 4492 B
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia mixta" order="Clionaida" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mixta">Placospongia mixta</taxonomicName>
|
|
RMNH POR. 4113 C
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia carinata" order="Clionaida" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carinata">Placospongia carinata</taxonomicName>
|
|
RMNH POR. 4482 D
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia carinata" order="Clionaida" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="carinata">Placospongia carinata</taxonomicName>
|
|
RMNH POR. 4483 E
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia mixta" order="Clionaida" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mixta">Placospongia mixta</taxonomicName>
|
|
RMNH POR. 3979 F
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Placospongiidae" genus="Placospongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Placospongia melobesioides" order="Clionaida" pageId="5" pageNumber="44" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="melobesioides">Placospongia melobesioides</taxonomicName>
|
|
RMNH POR. 4114.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |