223 lines
21 KiB
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223 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.252.3588" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a4366e50-a271-44c0-bdef-b52c8cad0b85" ID-PMC="PMC3560839" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-252-1" ID-PubMed="23378811" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-252-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 252" ModsDocTitle="Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae)" checkinTime="1451247847790" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bond, Jason E." docDate="2012" docId="A485D2F9F1DA4D708BD830118B58F097" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 252: 1-209" docOrigin="ZooKeys 252" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.252.3588" docTitle="Aptostichus miwok Bond 2008" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FFAD871BFFD4FF8CFFED1A5CFFE7FFA0" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae)" masterLastPageNumber="209" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1668155039594" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bond, Jason E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>252</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>209</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.252.3588</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.252.3588</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-252-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152039283" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A485D2F9F1DA4D708BD830118B58F097" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A485D2F9F1DA4D708BD830118B58F097" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName LSID="‘The Miwok Trapdoor Spider’" authority="Bond, 2008" authorityName="Bond" authorityYear="2008" class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok Bond, 2008</taxonomicName>
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Figures 98-105Map 8, 9
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
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Bond, 2008: 646. Female holotype (MY301; EU69907) from California, Humboldt Co., Clam Beach Co. Park, just S Crannell Rd exit on Clam Beach Dr, near Little River, 41.01333, -124.10923 1, elev. 3m, coll., J. Bond & M. Hedin 13.i.02 in CAS, examined; male paratype (AP149) from Farallon Island, San Francisco Co., California, in CAS, examined).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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Based on morphological features alone (Figs 98-103) this species can be difficult to diagnose from geographically proximate sibling species,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">Aptostichus stanfordianus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus angelinajolieae" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angelinajolieae">Aptostichus angelinajolieae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stephencolberti" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephencolberti">Aptostichus stephencolberti</taxonomicName>
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but can be distinguished on the basis of a set of unique mtDNA nucleotide substitutions (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Bond, JE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="628 - 646" title="An Integrative Method for Delimiting Cohesion Species: Finding the Population-Species Interface in a Group of Californian Trapdoor Spiders with Extreme Genetic Divergence and Geographic Structuring." url="10.1080/10635150802302443" volume="57" year="2008">Bond and Stockman 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). The species is restricted in distribution to the coastal dune habitats of Marin, Sonoma, Mendocino, Humboldt, and Del Norte Counties (California). Individuals of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">Aptostichus stanfordianus</taxonomicName>
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, found only in inland habitats,are much darker in coloration whereas
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
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specimens are much lighter (Figs 104, 105).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Described by Bond (2008).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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United States: California: Del Norte Co.: Smith River St Park, Beach 1km W Kellogg Rd from Lower Lake Rd, 41.8695, -124.2073 1, 0m, J Bond, M Hedin 14.i.02 [MY290-93, 95, 3♀ 2juv, AUMNH]; Humboldt Co.: ~3.2km W Arcata, Lanphere-Christensen Dune Preserve, 40.8823, -124.1478 3, 3m, E Schlinger 26.vii.75 [AP522, 1♀, CAS]; Clam Beach Co Park, just S Crannell Rd exit on Clam Beach Dr, near Little River, 41.0133, -124.1092 1, 3m, J Bond, M Hedin 13.i.02 [MY300-04, 5♀, AUMNH]; S Spit Humboldt Bay, 40.6979, -124.2725 1, 0m, M Hedin, M Lowder 22.vi.00 [MY702-04, 3♀, AUMNH]; S Spit Humboldt Bay, S Eureka, 40.6992, -124.2738 1, 3m, M Hedin, R Keith, S Thomas, J Starrett 14.iii.06 [MY3542-46, 4♀, 1juv, AUMNH]; Trinidad, 41.0571, -124.1419 5, 8m, B Malkin 29.v.69 [AP266, 1♀, AMNH]; Hwy 96, N of Willow Creek, 41.0096, -123.6455 1, 210m, J Bond, A Stockman, D Beamer 15.iii.05 [MY3052, 1juv, AUMNH]; Marin Co.: Dillon St Beach, 38.2494, -122.9675 1, 3m, J Bond 14.v.97 [AP763, 764, 793, 805, 4juv, AUMNH]; N Beach, P Reyes Natl Seashore, 38.0011, -122.9973 5, 30m, E Rogers, 13.v.72 [AP465, 1♀, SCW]; E Schlinger 14.vi.75 [AP469, 1♀, CAS]; C Griswold 31.iii.75 [AP476, 1♀, CAS]; [AP479, 1♀, AMNH]; C Griswold 16.viii.81 [AP499, 1♀, CAS]; H Ewing 14.v.71 [AP1276, 1juv, CAS]; Pt Reyes Natl Seashore, 38.0262, -122.8831 3, 3m, J Cate 12.v.73 [AP1274, 1juv, CAS]; Dillon Beach, 38.2499, -122.9676 2, 1♂, A Stockman, P Marek 30.i.06 [MY3528, 1juv, AUMNH]; Pt Reyes Natl Seashore Kehoe Beach, 38.1553, -122.9483 1, 9m, A Stockman, P Marek 30.i.06 [MY3524-27, 1♀ 1♂ 3juv, AUMNH]; Pt Reyes Natl Seashore, Limantour Beach, 38.0262, -122.8831 1, 3m,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="46" pageNumber="47" start="start">A</pageBreakToken>
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Stockman, P Marek 30.i.06 [MY3521-23, 2♀, 1 juv, AUMNH]; Mendocino Co.: 6.4km N Ft Bragg, Inglenook Fen area, 39.5304, -123.7712 3, 12m, L Keram 11.iv.73 [AP520, 1♀, CAS]; E Schlinger 17.vi.73 [AP521, 1♀, CAS]; Hwy 1, just S Ten Mile River crossing, N Ingelnook, dunefield W hwy, 39.5476, -123.7631 1, 5m, M Hedin, J Starrett 13.iii.06 [MY3538-41, 3♀ 1juv, AUMNH]; Inglenook Dunes, 39.5304, -123.7712 3, 10m, R Jackson 1.xi.74 [AP1269, 1♂, CAS], 19.iv.75 [AP1270, 1♂, CAS]; E Schlinger 30.iv.73 [AP1271, 1juv, CAS], 22.vii.72 [AP1272, 3juv, CAS]; N Inglenook Sand Dunes, 39.5422, -123.7618 1, 37m, J Bond, A Stockman, D Beamer 14.iii.05 [MY3049, 1juv, AUMNH]; San Francisco Co.: Petrel Bluff, 37.6978, -123.0017 7, 3m, M Ramirez 31.viii.86 [AP498, 5♀, 2juv, CAS]; SE Farallon Island, 37.6978, -123.0024 4, 7m, M Ramirez 1.ix.86 [AP438, 5♂, CAS], 2.ix.86 [AP475, 482, 149, 1♂ 2♀, CAS; AP491, 1juv, AMNH], 2.ix.88 [AP492, 2♀, AMNH], 1.ix.88 [AP007, 1♀, CAS], 30.viii.88 [AP189, 8♀, AMNH]; P Anderson 20.xii.56 [AP481, 1♀, 2juv, AMNH]; W Azevedo 12.iv.70 [AP494, 3♀, AMNH]; D Spadoni 10.iii.69 [AP505, 1♀ 1♂ 1juv, CAS]; D Hanna 6.v.49 [AP483, 2juv, AMNH]; H Leech 18.xi.49 [AP484, 6juv, AMNH]; W Hazeltine 23.x.51 [AP486, 2juv, AMNH]; H Keifer 15.x.26 [AP487, 1juv, AMNH]; E Bixford 17.iv.29 [AP502, 1♀, AMNH]; Sonoma Co.: Bodega Bay Dunes, 38.3137, -123.0391 3, 1m, R Robertson 16.ix.92 [AP493, 1♂, CAS]; Sonoma Coast St Beach, Bodega Dunes, 38.3389, -123.06149 1, 47m, A Stockman, P Marek 30.i.06 [MY3529-32, 4juv, AUMNH].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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Variation, males (4). Cl 4.50-5.94, 5.35
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.30; Cw 4.25-5.00, 4.65
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.18; STRl 2.48-3.04, 2.78
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.13; STRw 2.33-2.73, 2.52
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.08; LBw 0.85-0.87, 0.86
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.01; LBl 0.43-0.60, 0.50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.04; leg I: 4.10-5.30, 4.76
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.26; 2.48-3.50, 3.10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.23; 2.36-3.30, 3.00
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.22; 1.52-2.00, 1.81
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.11; 1.55-2.05, 1.87
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.11; leg IV: 3.80-5.05, 4.44
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.26; 2.00-2.50, 2.25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.1; PTl 1.85-2.38, 2.21
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.13; PTw 0.71-0.85, 0.79
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.03; Bl 0.85-1.17, 1.04
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.07; TSp 4-6, 4.75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.48; TSr 1-3, 2.25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.48; TSrd 4-5, 4.75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.25.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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Variation, females (5). Cl 6.06-7.00, 6.51
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.19; Cw 5.69-6.40, 6.01
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.14; STRl 3.32-4.00, 3.69
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.12; STRw 3.29-3.75, 3.50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.10; LBw 1.11-1.36, 1.24
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.05; LBl 0.68-0.94, 0.81
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.05; Leg I: 13.00-16.15, 14.30
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.59; ANTd 5-8, 6.80
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.49; PTLs 16-25, 21.80
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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1.59; TBs 3-6, 5.20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.58.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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Figures 98-103.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
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Bond, 2008. 98 male habitus from Mendocino Co., Inglenook Dunes (AP1270) [805812] 99-101 male paratype (AP149) from San Francisco Co., Farallon Islands; scale bars = 1.0mm 99 retrolateral aspect, leg I [805801] 100 prolateral aspect, leg I [805797] 101 retrolateral aspect, pedipalp [805803] 102 female habitus from Mendocino Co., Inglenook Dunes (AP520) [805808] 103 spermathecae, female holotype (MY301) [805804]; scale bar = 0.10mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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Figures 104, 105.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
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from Mendocino Co., Inglenook Dunes area, live photographs. 104 male specimen (AUMS18) 105 female specimen (AUMS16).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="genbank accessions">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">GenBank accessions.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">16S-tRNAval-12S: EU569901-EU569910, EU569919-EU569921, EU569922, EU569927-EU569929, EU570022, EU570035, JX103340-JX103353; 18S (partial)-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2: EU569893, EU569894.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
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is distributed throughout the geographically disjunct coastal dune habitats of Del Norte, Humboldt, Mendocino, Sonoma, Marin, and San Francisco counties of central and northern California (Map 8). A single inland specimen (Humboldt) is placed with this species on the basis of the molecular data. The DM for
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
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(Map 9) corresponds closely to the known occurrences with the largest areas of high probability of occurrence in the more northern extent of the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
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distribution. The model indicates that inland localities may be suitable despite the paucity of known inland populations. The habitat requirements and general burrow structure is very similar to that described for
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stephencolberti" order="Araneae" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stephencolberti">Aptostichus stephencolberti</taxonomicName>
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.
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<pageBreakToken pageId="47" pageNumber="48" start="start">All</pageBreakToken>
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populations are located in the coastal dune habitat. Males have been collected in the months of September, November, January, March, and April.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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Maps 8, 9.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
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Bond 2008. 8 distribution of known specimens 9 predicted distribution; cooler
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<normalizedToken originalValue="colors–blue">colors-blue</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="shades–represent">shades-represent</normalizedToken>
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areas of high probability of occurrence, warmer
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<normalizedToken originalValue="colors–yellow">colors-yellow</normalizedToken>
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and orange
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<normalizedToken originalValue="shades–represent">shades-represent</normalizedToken>
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areas of low probability of occurrence.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
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is abundant and widespread across its distribution and thus is likely classified as secure.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="species concept applied">
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Species concept applied.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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Cohesion.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered to be ecological non-interchangeable from other closely related
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="lineages–it">lineages-it</normalizedToken>
|
||
is restricted to coastal dune habitat and has psammophilic features (e.g., lighter coloration).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
The recognition of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bond, JE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" pagination="628 - 646" title="An Integrative Method for Delimiting Cohesion Species: Finding the Population-Species Interface in a Group of Californian Trapdoor Spiders with Extreme Genetic Divergence and Geographic Structuring." url="10.1080/10635150802302443" volume="57" year="2008">Bond and Stockman (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as a species renders one of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">Aptostichus stanfordianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
lineages paraphyletic (Fig. 28). While this is somewhat problematic, I have chosen to uphold this decision because of the adaptive diversity contained within the nominal
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus miwok" order="Araneae" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miwok">Aptostichus miwok</taxonomicName>
|
||
lineage and apparent lack of both genetic and ecological interchangeability between this lineage and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Euctenizidae" genus="Aptostichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aptostichus stanfordianus" order="Araneae" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stanfordianus">Aptostichus stanfordianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |