281 lines
32 KiB
XML
281 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.949.51269" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e4d2c425-4596-487c-8c4f-b09330b48203" ID-PMC="PMC7381721" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-949-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="303D64593B3B550DBB7CE01AA547409D" ID-PubMed="32765176" ID-ZooBank="93BFA448BB7343CDBC4EA86090DA63D5" ModsDocID="1313-2970-949-1" checkinTime="1594832489974" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Salata, Sebastian & Fisher, Brian L." docDate="2020" docId="4A4226664CEB5246988331C1E9F5CD4D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 949: 1-185" docOrigin="ZooKeys 949" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.949.51269" docTitle="Pheidole sofia Salata & Fisher 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="058F9EDA-A9D8-4C24-9FDE-6B3D96C16D23" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="303D64593B3B550DBB7CE01AA547409D" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="303D64593B3B550DBB7CE01AA547409D" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Pheidole sikorae species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Madagascar" masterLastPageNumber="185" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169097828" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of the Pheidole sikorae species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Madagascar</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Salata, Sebastian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0811-2309</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">sdsalata@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4653-3270</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>949</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>185</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.949.51269</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.949.51269</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-949-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">93BFA448BB7343CDBC4EA86090DA63D5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">303D64593B3B550DBB7CE01AA547409D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="165090185" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:058F9EDA-A9D8-4C24-9FDE-6B3D96C16D23" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A4226664CEB5246988331C1E9F5CD4D" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="4A422666-4CEB-5246-9883-31C1E9F5CD4D" authority="Salata & Fisher, 2020" authorityName="Salata & Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole sofia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sofia" status="sp. nov.">Pheidole sofia</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Pheidole sofia sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923280) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0705626)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432223" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 54A-F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 64" captionStartId="F64" captionText="Figure 64. Major worker, hypostomal teeth. Pheidole masoandro sp. nov. (A). Pheidole mavohavoana sp. nov. (B). Pheidole midongy sp. nov. (C). Pheidole mikros sp. nov. (D). Pheidole mivory sp. nov. (E). Pheidole nitidobruna sp. nov. (F). Pheidole parvula sp. nov. (G). Pheidole parvulogibba sp. nov. (H). Pheidole renirano sp. nov. (I). Pheidole sava sp. nov. (J). Pheidole sikorae Forel (K). Pheidole sofia sp. nov. (L). Pheidole sparsa sp. nov. (M). Pheidole tampony sp. nov. (N). Pheidole trichotos sp. nov. (O). Pheidole tsaravoniana sp. nov. (P). Pheidole vadum sp. nov. (Q). Pheidole veteratrix Forel (R). Pheidole volontany sp. nov. (S). Pheidole vony sp. nov. (T)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure64" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432233" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 64L</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 67" captionStartId="F67" captionText="Figure 67. Distribution. Pheidole renirano sp. nov. (A). Pheidole sava sp. nov. (B). Pheidole sikorae Forel (C). Pheidole sofia sp. nov. (D). Pheidole sparsa sp. nov. (E). Pheidole tampony sp. nov. (F). Pheidole trichotos sp. nov. (G). Pheidole tsaravoniana sp. nov. (H). Pheidole vadum sp. nov. (I). Pheidole veteratrix Forel (J). Pheidole volontany sp. nov. (K). Pheidole vony sp. nov. (L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure67" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432236" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 67D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype.</emphasis>
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Madagascar. • 1 major worker; Mahajanga; Region Sofia, Bemanevika;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="14.32826" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.32826">-14.32826</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="48.58406" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.58406">48.58406</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 1657 m; 17 Jan 2015; B. L. Fisher et al. leg.; montane rainforest, ex rotten log; BLF35790; CASENT0705626 (CASC).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype.</emphasis>
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• 1w.; same data as for holotype, CASENT0923280 (CASC).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432223" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 54" startId="F54">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 54.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Salata & Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole sofia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sofia">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole sofia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., full-face view (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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), profile (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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), and dorsal view (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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) of paratype minor worker (CASENT0923280) and full-face view (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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), profile (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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), and dorsal view (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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) of holotype major worker (CASENT0705626).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Madagascar. -
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Antsiranana</emphasis>
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: • 2w., 1s.; Parc National Montagne
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ambre">d'Ambre</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Crête">Crete</normalizedToken>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="12.58132" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-12.58132">-12.58132</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="49.13368" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.13368">49.13368</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 1110 m; 13 Nov 2007; B. L. Fisher et al. leg.; montane rainforest, ex rotten log; BLF18090 (CASC). • 2w., 2s.; Parc National Montagne
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ambre">d'Ambre</normalizedToken>
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, Mahasarika;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="12.53176" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-12.53176">-12.53176</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="49.17662" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.17662">49.17662</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 1135 m; 17 Nov 2007; B. L. Fisher et al. leg.; montane rainforest, ex rotten log; BLF18458 (CASC). • 1w., 1s.; Parc National Montagne
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ambre">d'Ambre</normalizedToken>
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, Roussettes;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="12.52574" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-12.52574">-12.52574</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="49.17238" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.17238">49.17238</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 1025 m; 15 Nov 2007; B. L. Fisher et al. leg.; montane rainforest, ex rotten log; BLF18310 (CASC). • 1w., 1s.; Parc National Montagne
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ambre">d'Ambre</normalizedToken>
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, Roussettes;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="12.52574" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-12.52574">-12.52574</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="49.17238" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.17238">49.17238</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 1025 m; 15 Nov 2007; B. L. Fisher et al. leg.; montane rainforest, ex rotten log; BLF18336 (CASC).-
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fianarantsoa</emphasis>
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: • 2w., 1s.; Ambositra;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="20.53883" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-20.53883">-20.53883</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="47.24433" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="47.24433">47.24433</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 1330 m; 13 Dec 2006; B. L. Fisher et al. leg.; urban/garden, ground nest; BLF16210 (CASC).-
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mahajanga</emphasis>
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: • 1w.; Region Sofia, Ampotsidia;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="14.42935" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.42935">-14.42935</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="48.69863" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.69863">48.69863</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 1193 m; 7 Jan 2017; B. L. Fisher et al. leg.; montane ravine forest, ex rotten log; BLF39608 (CASC). • 1w.; Region Sofia, Ampotsidia;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="14.42935" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.42935">-14.42935</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="48.69863" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.69863">48.69863</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 1193 m; 7 Jan 2017; B. L. Fisher et al. leg.; montane ravine forest, ex rotten log; BLF39652 (CASC). • 1w., 1s.; Region Sofia, Bemanevika;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="14.33886" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.33886">-14.33886</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="48.58729" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.58729">48.58729</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 1567 m; 13 Jan 2015; B. L. Fisher et al. leg.; montane rainforest, ex rotten log; BLF35588 (CASC). • 2w., 1s., 1q.; Region Sofia, Bemanevika;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="14.337" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-14.337">-14.337</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="48.58874" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.58874">48.58874</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 1606 m; 15 Jan 2015; B. L. Fisher et al. leg.; montane rainforest, ex rotten log; BLF35718 (CASC). • 1w., 1s.; Region Sofia, Bemanevika;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="14.34517" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.34517">-14.34517</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="48.58948" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.58948">48.58948</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 1547 m; 16 Jan 2015; B. L. Fisher et al. leg.; montane rainforest, ex rotten log; BLF35772 (CASC). • 1w., 1s.; Region Sofia, Bemanevika;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="14.32826" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.32826">-14.32826</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="48.58406" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.58406">48.58406</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 1657 m; 19 Jan 2015; B. L. Fisher et al. leg.; montane rainforest, ex rotten log; BLF35808 (CASC). -
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Toamasina</emphasis>
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: • 1w., 1s.; Reserve Betampona, Camp Rendrirendry 34.1 km 332° Toamasina;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="17.924" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-17.924">-17.924</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="49.19967" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.19967">49.19967</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 390 m;29 Nov 2005; B. L. Fisher et al. leg.; rainforest, ex rotten log; BLF13135 (CASC). • 1w., 1s.;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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Nationale
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Intégrale">Integrale</normalizedToken>
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Betampona, Betampona 35.1 km NW Toamasina;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="17.91801" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-17.91801">-17.91801</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="49.20074" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.20074">49.20074</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 500 m; 16 Dec 2007; B. L. Fisher et al. leg.; rainforest, ex rotten stick on ground; BLF19608 (CASC).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Moderately large species.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers.</emphasis>
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Head in full-face view sub-oval, not widening posteriorly, with anterior and posterior sides convex, slightly narrowing posteriorly, in lateral view sub-oval; ventral and dorsal faces convex; sides of the head with dense, moderately long, suberect to erect pilosity; medial part of frons with thick, moderately sparse, longitudinal and interrupted rugae, posteromedial part with rugae more irregular and slightly directed outward, interspaces smooth to finely foveolate; anterolateral sides with thick, moderately dense, and longitudinally irregular rugae, posterolateral sides with rugae more irregular, interspaces with dense and distinct foveolae; occipital lobes and area posterolateral from eyes without smooth notches; scape, when laid back, exceeding the midlength of head by two-fifths of its length; inner hypostomal teeth distinct, large, closely spaced, triangular, with rounded apex directed slightly inward; outer hypostomal teeth lobe-like, slightly wider than and approximately the same height as inner hypostomal teeth, apex directed slightly outward; inner and outer hypostomal teeth closely spaced and not connected by concavity; mesosoma with fine rugofoveolae; pronotal dorsum with reduced sculpture and additional thin, interrupted, and transverse rugae; lateral sides of pronotum and katepisternum with smooth notches; gaster smooth; body ferruginous.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers.</emphasis>
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Head sculpture variable; predominantly smooth or foveolae sparse and fading on medial frons and area posterolateral from eyes; vertex with sparse and short rugulae; frons with very sparse, short, and irregular rugae; area posterolateral from eyes with reduced sculpture or predominantly smooth; scape, when laid back, surpassing the posterior head margin by one-fifth of its length; promesonotum moderately high and short, arched; promesonotal groove present; propodeal spines small and triangular; mesosoma with sparse rugofoveolae; promesonotal dorsum and katepisternum with smooth notches or smooth; pronotum with additional sparse, short, and transverse rugulae; body brown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers.</emphasis>
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Measurements (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
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= 10): HL: 0.96-1.23 (1.1); HW: 0.97-1.16 (1.06); SL: 0.55-0.76 (0.66); EL: 0.11-0.12 (0.11); WL: 0.84-1.04 (0.95); PSL: 0.15-0.19 (0.17); MTL: 0.5-0.69 (0.6); PNW: 0.42-0.57 (0.48); PTW: 0.12-0.17 (0.15); PPW: 0.28-0.37 (0.31); CI: 99.3-106.0 (103.7); SI: 54.4-77.2 (63.0); PSLI: 14.3-17.3 (15.4); PPI: 43.5-53.7 (48.5); PNI: 42.9-49.2 (45.2); MTI: 50.7-67.1 (57.0).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head.</emphasis>
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In full-face view sub-oval, not widening posteriorly, with anterior and posterior sides convex, slightly narrowing posteriorly (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Pheidole sofia sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923280) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0705626)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432223" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">54B</figureCitation>
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). In lateral view sub-oval; ventral and dorsal faces convex; inner hypostomal teeth visible. Sides of the head with dense, moderately long, suberect to erect pilosity; whole head with dense, long, decumbent to erect pilosity. Medial part of frons with thick, moderately sparse, longitudinal, and interrupted rugae, posteromedial part with rugae more irregular and slightly directed outward, interspaces smooth to finely foveolate; anterolateral sides with thick moderately dense and longitudinally irregular rugae, posterolateral sides with rugae more irregular, interspaces with dense and distinct foveolae. Occipital lobes with thick, irregular rugae and rugofoveolate interspaces. Area posterolateral from eyes rugoreticulate to rugofoveolate, sometimes with additional longitudinal to irregular, thick rugae. Gena with relatively dense and thick, longitudinal rugae and rugoreticulate interspaces. Centre of clypeus smooth and shiny, lateral sides with indistinct rugulae; median notch present, moderately wide, and shallow; median longitudinal carina absent; lateral longitudinal carinae absent. Scape, when laid back, exceeding the midlength of head by two-fifths of its length; pilosity subdecumbent to erect (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Pheidole sofia sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923280) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0705626)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432223" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">54B, D</figureCitation>
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||
). Inner hypostomal teeth distinct, large, closely spaced, triangular, with rounded apex directed slightly inward; outer hypostomal teeth lobe-like, slightly wider than and approximately the same height as inner hypostomal teeth, apex directed slightly outward; inner and outer hypostomal teeth closely spaced and not connected by concavity (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 64" captionStartId="F64" captionText="Figure 64. Major worker, hypostomal teeth. Pheidole masoandro sp. nov. (A). Pheidole mavohavoana sp. nov. (B). Pheidole midongy sp. nov. (C). Pheidole mikros sp. nov. (D). Pheidole mivory sp. nov. (E). Pheidole nitidobruna sp. nov. (F). Pheidole parvula sp. nov. (G). Pheidole parvulogibba sp. nov. (H). Pheidole renirano sp. nov. (I). Pheidole sava sp. nov. (J). Pheidole sikorae Forel (K). Pheidole sofia sp. nov. (L). Pheidole sparsa sp. nov. (M). Pheidole tampony sp. nov. (N). Pheidole trichotos sp. nov. (O). Pheidole tsaravoniana sp. nov. (P). Pheidole vadum sp. nov. (Q). Pheidole veteratrix Forel (R). Pheidole volontany sp. nov. (S). Pheidole vony sp. nov. (T)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure64" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432233" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">64L</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
|
||
In lateral view, promesonotum short, angular, and moderately low, posterior mesonotum moderately steep, mesonotal process indistinct, tubercle-like; promesonotal groove absent; metanotal groove absent; propodeal spines moderately short, with moderately wide base and acute apex; humeral area laterally weakly produced (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Pheidole sofia sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923280) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0705626)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432223" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">54D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Surface shiny with fine rugofoveolae; pronotal dorsum with reduced sculpture and additional thin, interrupted, and transverse rugae; lateral sides of pronotum and katepisternum with smooth notches. Pilosity moderately dense, long, and erect (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Pheidole sofia sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923280) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0705626)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432223" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">54D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole.</emphasis>
|
||
Shiny with fine foveolae; node smooth to finely foveolate, low, triangular, with rounded and thin apex, in rear view node dorsoventrally straight to slightly convex; pilosity moderately sparse and erect (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Pheidole sofia sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923280) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0705626)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432223" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">54D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Postpetiole.</emphasis>
|
||
Shiny and foveolate; dorsum with reduced sculpture and smooth notch; in dorsal view oval, lateral margins medially with two dentate projections; pilosity long, moderately sparse and erect (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Pheidole sofia sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923280) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0705626)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432223" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">54D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gaster.</emphasis>
|
||
Shiny and smooth; pilosity dense, long, and erect (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Pheidole sofia sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923280) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0705626)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432223" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">54D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour.</emphasis>
|
||
Ferruginous; legs, gaster, and antennae bright brown (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Pheidole sofia sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923280) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0705626)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432223" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">54D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 10): HL: 0.46-0.62 (0.56); HW: 0.42-0.57 (0.49); SL: 0.51-0.67 (0.61); EL: 0.08-0.1 (0.09); WL: 0.58-0.78 (0.69); PSL: 0.06-0.11 (0.09); MTL: 0.36-0.53 (0.46); PNW: 0.28-0.39 (0.33); PTW: 0.08-0.1 (0.09); PPW: 0.11-0.17 (0.14); CI: 106.0-118.7 (123.4); SI: 112.1-139.2 (123.4); PSLI: 11.3-18.8 (16.2); PPI: 50.6-74.2 (60.6); PNI: 62.8-70.3 (67.6); MTI: 77.0-101.0 (92.3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Cephalic margin indistinctly concave or straight (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Pheidole sofia sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923280) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0705626)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432223" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">54A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pilosity relatively dense, long, decumbent to suberect. Sculpture shiny and variable; predominantly smooth or foveolate with foveolae sparse and fading on medial frons and area posterolateral from eyes; vertex with sparse and short rugulae; frons with very sparse, short, and irregular rugae; area posterolateral from eyes with reduced sculpture or predominantly smooth; antennal sockets with few thick, curved outward rugae and smooth to indistinctly foveolate interspaces. Clypeus with median longitudinal carina absent; two lateral longitudinal carinae absent. Scape, when laid back, surpassing the posterior head margin by one-fifth of its length; pilosity dense, subdecumbent to erect (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Pheidole sofia sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923280) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0705626)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432223" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">54A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma.</emphasis>
|
||
In lateral view, promesonotum moderately high and short, arched; promesonotal groove indistinct; metanotal groove distinct; propodeal spines small and triangular (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Pheidole sofia sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923280) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0705626)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432223" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">54C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sculpture shiny with sparse rugofoveolae; promesonotal dorsum and katepisternum with smooth notches or smooth; pronotum with additional sparse, short, and transverse rugulae. Pilosity moderately sparse, long, and erect (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Pheidole sofia sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923280) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0705626)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432223" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">54C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gaster.</emphasis>
|
||
With sparse, erect pilosity (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Pheidole sofia sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923280) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0705626)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432223" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">54C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour.</emphasis>
|
||
Brown, legs and antenna yellowish brown (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="F54" captionText="Figure 54. Pheidole sofia sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923280) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0705626)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.949.51269.figure54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/432223" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">54C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">From the type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species was collected between 390-1657 m in elevation, in rainforest, montane rainforest, montane ravine forest, and in urban areas. Nests were located in rotten logs, rotten sticks on the ground, and in soil.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Salata & Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole sofia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sofia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole sofia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is a widespread species known from Ambositra in Fianarantsoa north to Joffreville in Antsiranana. The species is most similar to parapatric
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. manantenina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="manantenina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. manantenina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., known from Parc National de Marojejy in Antsiranana. Major workers of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sofia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sofia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. sofia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. manantenina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="manantenina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. manantenina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. in medial part of frons with interspaces finely foveolate, lateral sides of frons with more longitudinally irregular rugae, body ferruginous, and promesonotum never with reduced sculpture; minor workers can be separated based on more distinct sculpture on head, and mesosoma with sparse rugofoveolae, promesonotal dorsum and katepisternum with smooth notches or smooth, and presence of additional sparse, short, and transverse rugulae on pronotum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |