584 lines
75 KiB
XML
584 lines
75 KiB
XML
<document id="80AEE6BC7D5A71D8C646B22F375D66EA" ID-CLB-Dataset="45455" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.215268" ID-GBIF-Dataset="faaebecf-4cd9-4f87-88c4-402339b99d3b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="215268" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460438416795" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jockusch, Elizabeth L., Martínez-Solano, Iñigo, Hansen, Robert W. & Wake, David B." docDate="2012" docId="039E171AF37EA377A7A731F06895FD8D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03190p030.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3190" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Batrachoseps bramei Jockusch, Martínez-Solano, Hansen & Wake, 2012, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FFA76F62F379A37BA73032116849FF95" masterDocTitle="Morphological and molecular diversification of slender salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Batrachoseps) in the southern Sierra Nevada of California with descriptions of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1698332548899" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="52C8EE68B98353348062A39166DED8B6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="180ACEE122DCA6D80F0F370231A51634">
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<mods:title id="FE1A5EAD50BD0096BC071134DA40EE18">Morphological and molecular diversification of slender salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae: Batrachoseps) in the southern Sierra Nevada of California with descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B338503158EA1DB42BD72CD21955131A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DA53FA98FEF262B8E3B226C74074C5FE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D124B323AA71AF7B9A6AD0E681784D96">Jockusch, Elizabeth L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="9AD5B11A6C93F5A2F0D656CFB64B9AE8" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C46E49CF2B77911782C9372929B6A84D">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D01A7C09A066AE247EFC615D3594BEF8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2731DBA34F60D6C2B2419E9449A6E04F">Martínez-Solano, Iñigo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="2BF27017A9F965C77494D55930E0AD4A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D290C835C93C1C2BB090BF11F7A5F87C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E9F91604073131A47EDAF006026D50E6">Hansen, Robert W.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="06C66B2D8867F6B689BA1F368909C1D5" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="5E1563DC02CB992301DA6744FE9F35BA">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A39A56095552BC9B1CA94ED0E9628F16">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9C3B3A77149CB99D26CFD455296DF834">Wake, David B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="602CA4355F3DB051354299460F5F6FEC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="50137BD6C458BC0E3DFF27633DC86B0C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="A93EF96E281A81B2F5AF0634DFE732C5">
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<mods:date id="D0BA97077A05901FB0511F11C529890E">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E833ED5EBB1D61001D924D703A2D25B3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D25AB8F8B8FD68DA0C876649A0AB10FD">3190</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="8AF9DF0173F75A11DABDA4CB82DB4414">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3C9C69DF3993CA733D65FD7664818DBD" type="CLB-Dataset">45455</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DC2658F9B8B5A41BEB07FFAE4765D609" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.215268</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1A408B811678BA6B0FB5138B983D3D27" type="GBIF-Dataset">faaebecf-4cd9-4f87-88c4-402339b99d3b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9249DCB59B689487C22A23C85F3F799E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="20BCBAB98A1CA8F9A8795D5510DDB176" type="Zenodo-Dep">215268</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039E171AF37EA377A7A731F06895FD8D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5685141" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119507203" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5685141" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E171AF37EA377A7A731F06895FD8D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E171AF37EA377A7A731F06895FD8D" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection id="C32DF587F37EA37CA7A731F06A16FB10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF37EA37CA7A731F06A64FC6F" blockId="7.[151,785,992,1087]" box="[151,557,992,1019]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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||
<heading id="D0C01160F37EA37CA7A731F06A64FC6F" bold="true" box="[151,557,992,1019]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF37EA37CA7A731F06A64FC6F" bold="true" box="[151,557,992,1019]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF37EA37CA7A731F069DFFC6E" ID-CoL="KZQB" box="[151,406,993,1019]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF37EA37CA7A731F069DFFC6E" bold="true" box="[151,406,993,1019]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Batrachoseps bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270C765F37EA37CA6AD31F16A64FC6F" box="[413,557,992,1018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF37EA37CA7A736126952FBAA" blockId="7.[151,785,992,1087]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Suggested common name: Fairview Slender Salamander
|
||
<figureCitation id="130CBA89F37EA37CA7A736366952FBAA" box="[151,283,1063,1087]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="8.[151,250,1151,1174]" captionStartId-1="9.[151,250,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,1411,704,1125]" captionTargetBox-1="[167,1425,189,1548]" captionTargetId-0="figure@8.[151,1436,697,1130]" captionTargetId-1="figure@9.[167,1425,189,1549]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Holotype of B. bramei (MVZ 217944). A. Digital x-ray of skull and forelimbs. Digital x-rays were processed using the levels and curves functions in Adobe Photoshop. B. Photo of holotype in life." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Color pattern variation in B. bramei. A. Specimen from the type locality; note the rust colored patches over the shoulders. The presence of these patches is typical of B. bramei. B. MVZ 267142, from Tobias Creek, Tulare Co., California. C – F. Four specimens from Cannell Creek, Kern and Tulare counties, California, showing range of coloration found in this population. The bold red coloring is not known from other populations. Refer to the web version of this article for color figure." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/215272/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/215273/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figures 4–5</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF37EA37CA7A736606A16FB10" blockId="7.[151,607,1135,1158]" box="[151,607,1135,1158]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB278122F37EA37CA7A736606A16FB10" box="[151,607,1135,1158]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF37EA37CA7A736606948FB13" ID-CoL="KZQY" box="[151,257,1137,1158]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF37EA37CA7A736606948FB13" box="[151,257,1137,1158]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B. simatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(part)
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A96801DF37EA37CA67536616A16FB10" author="Brame" box="[325,607,1135,1157]" page="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1968">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF37EA37CA67536616A0BFB10" author="Brame" box="[325,578,1135,1157]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Brame, A. H. Jr. & Murray, K. F. (1968) Three new slender salamanders (Batrachoseps) with a discussion of relationships and speciation within the genus. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 4, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1968">Brame and Murray 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:16
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32DF587F37EA373A7A736A26C97FE89" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF37EA37CA7A736A26925FA87" blockId="7.[151,1436,1202,2018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF37EA37CA7A736A26942FB5E" bold="true" box="[151,267,1203,1227]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C18AEF37EA37CA7A736A2694FFB5E" box="[151,262,1203,1227]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F37EA37CA5B836A36A83FB5F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[648,714,1202,1226]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
) 217944, an adult female from Packsaddle Canyon, adjacent to Kern River,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F37EA37CA61636C76932FB7B" box="[294,379,1238,1262]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.137" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1137.0">1137 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation, Tulare Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF37EA37CA43636C76B77FB7B" box="[774,830,1238,1262]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF37EA37CA46036C76B88FB7B" box="[848,961,1238,1262]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="35.945">35.945°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF37EA37CA4FE36C76C18FB7B" box="[974,1105,1238,1262]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="-118.476">118.476°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF37EA37CA3E536C76D3EFB7B" box="[1237,1399,1238,1262]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1991-03-09">9 March 1991</date>
|
||
by Robert W. Hansen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF37EA37CA7F7370E6A08FA53" blockId="7.[151,1436,1202,2018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF37EA37CA7F7370E690FFAA2" bold="true" box="[199,326,1311,1335]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C18AEF37EA37CA7F7370E6908FAA2" box="[199,321,1311,1335]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F37EA37CA67D370E69C2FAA3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[333,395,1311,1334]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
168749–168755, same locality as
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C18AEF37EA37CA422370F6B3EFAA3" box="[786,887,1310,1334]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF37EA37CA4DF370F6CD2FAA3" box="[1007,1179,1310,1334]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1979-03-10">10 March 1979</date>
|
||
by Robert W. Hansen;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F37EA37CA7A73752689CFACF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[151,213,1347,1370]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
217945, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C18AEF37EA37CA6E237536A71FACF" box="[466,568,1346,1370]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F37EA37CA57237526AC9FACF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[578,640,1347,1370]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
168756–168763 and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F37EA37CA44337526BF8FACF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[883,945,1347,1370]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
168950 from Brin Canyon at junction Kern River, Tulare Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF37EA37CA6D737776A56FAEB" box="[487,543,1382,1406]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF37EA37CA51E37776AD7FAEB" box="[558,670,1382,1406]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="35.952">35.952°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF37EA37CA59A37776B64FAEB" box="[682,813,1382,1406]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="-118.471">118.471°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF37EA37CA49D37776C1EFAEB" box="[941,1111,1382,1406]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1979-03-11">11 March 1979</date>
|
||
by Robert W. Hansen;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F37EA37CA26D37766DD2FAEB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[1373,1435,1383,1406]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
168737–168738 and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F37EA37CA6B4379A698BFA37" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[388,450,1419,1442]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
168740 from Fairview, Tulare Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF37EA37CA4EB379B6C5AFA37" box="[987,1043,1418,1442]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF37EA37CA313379B6CDAFA37" box="[1059,1171,1418,1442]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="35.927">35.927°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF37EA37CA3AF379B6D6AFA37" box="[1183,1315,1418,1442]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="-118.494">118.494°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF37EA37CA7A737BF690BFA53" box="[151,322,1454,1478]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1979-03-10">10 March 1979</date>
|
||
by Robert W. Hansen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF37EA373A7F737C36C97FE89" blockId="7.[151,1436,1202,2018]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,151,644]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF37EA37CA7F737C369F3FA7E" bold="true" box="[199,442,1490,1515]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Referred specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F37EA37CA6F237C26A49FA7F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[450,512,1491,1514]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
107168–107169 from
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F37EA37CA43437C36B1AFA7F" box="[772,851,1490,1514]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="km" value="3.6">3.6 km</quantity>
|
||
S Fairview, E side of Kern River, Tulare Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF37EA37CA7DB37E7696AF99B" box="[235,291,1526,1550]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF37EA37CA60437E769ECF99B" box="[308,421,1526,1550]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="35.892">35.892°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF37EA37CA68337E76A7BF99B" box="[435,562,1526,1550]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="-118.464">118.464°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF37EA37CA58E37E76BC2F99B" box="[702,907,1526,1550]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1973-02-18">18 February 1973</date>
|
||
by Samuel Sweet and Marjorie Reaka;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F37EA37CA26E37E66DD5F99B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[1374,1436,1527,1550]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
107170 (collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF37EA37CA657340B6A66F9A7" box="[359,559,1562,1586]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1973-02-18">18 February 1973</date>
|
||
by Samuel Sweet),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F37EA37CA420340A6B07F9A7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[784,846,1563,1586]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
168739,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F37EA37CA488340A6BBFF9A7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[952,1014,1563,1586]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
168741–168748 (collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF37EA37CA200340B6886F9C3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1979-03-10">10 March 1979</date>
|
||
by Robert W. Hansen) all from Fairview, E side of Kern River, Tulare Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF37EA37CA3EC342F6D5DF9C3" box="[1244,1300,1598,1622]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF37EA37CA217342F6DD1F9C3" box="[1319,1432,1598,1622]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="35.927">35.927°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF37EA37CA7A734736952F9EF" box="[151,283,1634,1658]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="-118.494">118.494°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F37EA37CA61E34726925F9EF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[302,364,1635,1658]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
217946–217954 from Cannell Creek, S side, W of Aqueduct, E of Kern River, Kern and Tulare counties, California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF37EA37CA6B1349769F0F90B" box="[385,441,1670,1694]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF37EA37CA6F834976A71F90B" box="[456,568,1670,1694]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="35.794">35.794°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF37EA37CA57434976A8EF90B" box="[580,711,1670,1694]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="-118.434">118.434°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF37EA37CA47634976BB8F90B" box="[838,1009,1670,1694]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1991-03-10">10 March 1991</date>
|
||
by Robert W. Hansen;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F37EA37CA3C534966D7AF90B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[1269,1331,1671,1694]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
224858– 224859 from Upper Kern River Canyon at Mountain Highway 99 bridge over Kern River at confluence with South Falls Creek, E side of Kern River, Tulare Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF37EA37CA41634DF6B17F973" box="[806,862,1742,1766]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF37EA37CA45E34DF6B96F973" box="[878,991,1742,1766]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="35.968">35.968°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF37EA37CA4DB34DF6C27F973" box="[1003,1134,1742,1766]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="-118.486">118.486°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF37EA37CA3DF34DF6DD5F973" box="[1263,1436,1742,1766]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1994-03-27">27 March 1994</date>
|
||
by Elizabeth L. Jockusch, David B.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF37EA37CA51834E36A2EF89F" box="[552,615,1778,1802]" name="Wake Island" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Wake</collectingCountry>
|
||
and others;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F37EA37CA5C034E26B67F89F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[752,814,1779,1802]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
267129–267137 from trail along W side of Kern River, ca. 0.8–1.0 km N Mountain Highway 99 bridge over Kern River at confluence with South Falls Creek, Tulare Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF37EA37CA62B352B691AF8C7" box="[283,339,1850,1874]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF37EA37CA656352B699FF8C7" box="[358,470,1850,1874]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="35.973">35.973°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF37EA37CA6D6352B6A2FF8C7" box="[486,614,1850,1874]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="-118.488">118.488°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF37EA37CA5A1352B6B49F8C7" box="[657,768,1850,1874]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="35.977">35.977°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF37EA37CA420352B6BDAF8C7" box="[784,915,1850,1874]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="-118.487">118.487°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF37EA37CA32B352B6C94F8C7" box="[1051,1245,1850,1875]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2010-01-28">28 January 2010</date>
|
||
by Elizabeth L. Jockusch, Elizabeth K. Timpe and Chris Evelyn;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F37EA37CA5F1354E6AB6F8E3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[705,767,1887,1910]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
267140–267142 from Tobias Creek drainage, along trail in vicinity of its crossing of Tobias Creek, Tulare Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF37EA37CA45635936BD7F80F" box="[870,926,1922,1946]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF37EA37CA49E35936C57F80F" box="[942,1054,1922,1946]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="35.902">35.902°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF37EA37CA31A35936CE7F80F" box="[1066,1198,1922,1946]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="-118.516">118.516°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF37EA37CA21F35936886F82B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2007-03-22">22 March 2007</date>
|
||
by Elizabeth L. Jockusch and Iñigo Martínez-Solano;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F37EA37CA40B35B66B30F82B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[827,889,1959,1982]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
267154 from Whiskey Flat Trail, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F37EA37CA21735B76D28F82B" box="[1319,1377,1958,1982]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
N of Bull Run Creek, W side of Kern River, Tulare Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF37EA37CA45435DB6BD5F877" box="[868,924,1994,2018]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF37EA37CA49C35DB6C54F877" box="[940,1053,1994,2018]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="35.793">35.793°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF37EA37CA31935DB6CE4F877" box="[1065,1197,1994,2018]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="-118.452">118.452°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF37EA373A21F35DB6886FF3A" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2008-03-20">20 March 2008</date>
|
||
by Iñigo Martínez-Solano and Elizabeth L. Jockusch;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F371A373A40632896B3DFF3A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[822,884,152,175]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
267118–267122 from Plater Rd., just N junction Burlando Rd., Kern Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF371A373A50232AD6A23FF41" box="[562,618,188,212]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF371A373A54932AD6AA0FF41" box="[633,745,188,212]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="55" value="35.736">35.736°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF371A373A5C532AD6B30FF41" box="[757,889,188,212]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="55" value="-118.428">118.428°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF371A373A4C932AD6CEDFF41" box="[1017,1188,188,212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2008-03-21">21 March 2008</date>
|
||
by Elizabeth L. Jockusch and Iñigo Martínez-Solano;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED263EC9F371A373A52832F16A1FFF62" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" box="[536,598,224,247]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34777" name="Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California Berkeley" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">MVZ</collectionCode>
|
||
251741–251749 from WNW of Wofford Heights, Tillie Creek drainage, Kern Co., California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF371A373A6BB3315698AFE89" box="[395,451,260,284]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF371A373A6E233156A0BFE89" box="[466,578,260,284]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="55" value="35.714">35.714°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C0CBF371A373A57E33156A98FE89" box="[590,721,260,284]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="55" value="-118.476">118.476°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected
|
||
<date id="FF8980CCF371A373A46133156BB2FE89" box="[849,1019,260,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2005-03-27">27 March 2005</date>
|
||
by Brad Alexander.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32DF587F371A373A7F733366A56FD11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF371A373A7F733366A56FD11" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF371A373A7F733366908FED5" bold="true" box="[199,321,295,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A small, slender species (standard length, SL, of ten adult males
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F371A373A30A33366CE9FEAA" box="[1082,1184,295,319]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4299999999999997" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="34.3">34.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
±
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F371A373A3F933366D6DFEAA" box="[1225,1316,295,319]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; of eleven adult females
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F371A373A603335D69DFFEF1" box="[307,406,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="35.5">35.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
±
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F371A373A68A335D6A58FEF1" box="[442,529,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
) distinguished from other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF371A373A4E6335C6C3EFEF1" box="[982,1143,333,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigriventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF371A373A4E6335C6C3EFEF1" box="[982,1143,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. nigriventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group as follows: from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF371A373A2B4335C68A4FE1D" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF371A373A2B4335C68A4FE1D" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. simatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by smaller adult size, somewhat more robust appearance (including a longer, broader head, longer limbs and larger feet) and fewer trunk vertebrae (mode 18–19 versus
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F371A373A46F33856B8BFE39" box="[863,962,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.207" metricValueMax="5.334" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="20.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="20.0">20–21 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF371A373A4F933846C77FE39" box="[969,1086,405,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF371A373A4F933846C77FE39" box="[969,1086,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. simatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF371A373A3A533846D4EFE39" box="[1173,1287,404,428]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="relictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF371A373A3A533846D4EFE39" box="[1173,1287,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. relictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its longer legs and wider feet; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF371A373A68C33A86A00FE45" box="[444,585,441,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gregarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF371A373A68C33A86A00FE45" box="[444,585,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. gregarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF371A373A5B133A86B6DFE45" box="[641,804,441,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigriventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF371A373A5B133A86B6DFE45" box="[641,804,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. nigriventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its substantially more robust appearance including a longer and broader head, longer limbs, and larger hands and feet; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF371A373A48833CC6D1EFE61" authority="Brame and Murray 1968" authorityName="Brame and Murray" authorityYear="1968" box="[952,1367,476,501]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stebbinsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF371A373A48833CC6C72FE61" box="[952,1083,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. stebbinsi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF371A373A37233CC6D1EFE61" author="Brame" box="[1090,1367,476,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Brame, A. H. Jr. & Murray, K. F. (1968) Three new slender salamanders (Batrachoseps) with a discussion of relationships and speciation within the genus. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 4, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1968">Brame and Murray 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its much smaller size and less robust morphology. Distinguished from other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF371A373A36230116CA3FD8D" box="[1106,1258,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF371A373A36230116CA3FD8D" box="[1106,1258,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Batrachoseps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the southern Sierra Nevada as follows: from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF371A373A6CD30346B8EFDA9" authority="Marlow, Brode" authorityName="Marlow, Brode" authorityYear="1979" box="[509,967,548,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="campi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF371A373A6CD30346A2BFDA9" box="[509,610,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. campi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF371A373A55830356B8EFDA9" author="Marlow" box="[616,967,548,572]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Marlow, R. W., Brode, J. M. & Wake, D. B. (1979) A new salamander, genus Batrachoseps, from the Inyo Mountains of California, with a discussion of relationships in the genus. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science, 308, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1979">
|
||
Marlow, Brode and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF371A373A47930356BC1FDA9" box="[841,904,548,572]" name="Wake Island" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Wake</collectingCountry>
|
||
1979
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF371A373A4CE30346C34FDA9" box="[1022,1149,548,572]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF371A373A4CE30346C34FDA9" box="[1022,1149,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both members of subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF371A373A7F530596973FDF5" box="[197,314,584,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Plethopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF371A373A7F530596973FDF5" box="[197,314,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Plethopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by its unpaired premaxillary bones and smaller, less robust habitus and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF371A373A38130586D5DFDF5" box="[1201,1300,584,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kawia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF371A373A38130586D5DFDF5" box="[1201,1300,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. kawia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its more robust, longer-limbed morphology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF48F684F371A373A7A7366E6C43FB21" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215272/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[152,1411,704,1125]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF371A373A7A7366E6C43FB21" blockId="8.[151,1436,1151,1204]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF371A373A7A7366E695CFB01" bold="true" box="[151,277,1151,1174]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF371A373A69436916A42FB00" box="[420,523,1151,1173]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF371A373A69436916A42FB00" box="[420,523,1151,1173]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MVZ 217944). A. Digital x-ray of skull and forelimbs. Digital x-rays were processed using the levels and curves functions in Adobe Photoshop. B. Photo of holotype in life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32DF587F371A371A7F736CA6CEDF8C3" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF371A373A7F736CA6C8EF856" blockId="8.[151,1437,1243,1988]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF371A373A7F736CA6910FB61" bold="true" box="[199,345,1243,1268]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF371A373A65036CA6A06FB66" box="[352,591,1243,1267]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF371A373A65036CA6A06FB66" box="[352,591,1243,1267]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Batrachoseps bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a small (adults generally less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F371A373A4C936CA6C00FB66" box="[1017,1097,1243,1267]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
|
||
standard length), slender species with a relatively broad, dorsoventrally flattened head and long limbs. The facial region (from the eyes to the snout) is relatively large and almost as broad as the posterior portion of the head; the eyes are moderately protuberant and visible projecting beyond the jaw line in ventral view. The nostrils are small and the nasolabial protuberances are slight to moderate. There is no evidence of a mental hedonic gland under the chins of males. Grooving patterns of the head, throat, and neck are typical of the genus. Standard length ranges from 7.2–8.1 (mean = 7.7) times head width in males and 7.5–9.9 (mean = 8.0) times head width in females. Teeth are relatively numerous: 6– 11 (mean = 7.4) premaxillary teeth in males, 8–18 (mean = 13.7) in females; 31–49 (mean = 40.0) maxillary teeth in males, 32–68 (mean = 47.2) in females; 12–17 (mean = 14.8) vomerine teeth in males, 10–25 (mean = 17.9) in females. The vomerine teeth are arranged patchily to semi-patchily. Small maxillary teeth are borne in a long row extending about to the posterior end of the eyes in females. The premaxillary teeth are the same size as maxillary teeth in females; in males the premaxillary teeth are substantially enlarged. Both males and females have 17–18 costal grooves between the limb insertions. The tail is tapering and relatively short, exceeding body length only in the largest animals. The tail is 1.0–1.1 (mean = 1.0) times SL in males, and 0.9–1.1 (mean = 1.0) times in females in specimens lacking evidence of tail regeneration. There is no basal tail constriction. The postiliac gland is visible as an obscure pale spot. The limbs are relatively long; limb interval ranges from 4.5–6 (mean = 5.2) in males and 5–8 (mean = 5.9) in females. SL ranges from 4.5–6.0 (mean = 5.1) times hind limb length in males and 4.6–5.7 (mean = 5.0) times in females. The hands and feet are relatively large; foot width ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F371A373A3F7352E6D06F8C2" box="[1223,1359,1855,1879]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="1.95" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean 2.0 mm) in both males and females. The digits are well formed and discrete with expanded tips that bear subterminal pads. Webbing occurs between the fingers and toes of some individuals, and extends to approximately the second phalanx. Fingers and toes in order of decreasing length are 3-2,4-1. Digit 1 is very reduced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF48F684F370A372A7A7340D6D3EF91B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215273/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[167,1425,189,1548]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF370A372A7A7340D6D3EF91B" blockId="9.[151,1437,1564,1678]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF370A372A7A7340D695DF9A7" bold="true" box="[151,276,1564,1587]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Color pattern variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF370A372A51A340F6AC6F9A6" box="[554,655,1565,1587]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF370A372A51A340F6AC6F9A6" box="[554,655,1565,1587]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B. bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A. Specimen from the type locality; note the rust colored patches over the shoulders. The presence of these patches is typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF370A372A58F342D6B6DF9C4" box="[703,804,1595,1617]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF370A372A58F342D6B6DF9C4" box="[703,804,1595,1617]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B. bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. B. MVZ 267142, from Tobias Creek, Tulare Co., California. C–F. Four specimens from Cannell Creek, Kern and Tulare counties, California, showing range of coloration found in this population. The bold red coloring is not known from other populations. Refer to the web version of this article for color figure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF370A372A7F734A46A32F878" blockId="9.[151,1436,1716,2030]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF370A372A7F734A46ABEF958" bold="true" box="[199,759,1716,1741]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Measurements of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C18AEF370A372A6F934A46A79F958" box="[457,560,1717,1741]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(in millimeters).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum head width 4.1; snout to gular fold (head length) 8.3; head depth at posterior angle of jaw 1.9; eyelid length 2.5; eyelid width 1.2; anterior rim of orbit to snout 1.3; horizontal orbital diameter 1.7; interorbital distance 1.4; snout to forelimb 10.7; distance separating external nares 1.7; snout projection beyond mandible 0.5; snout to posterior angle of vent (SL) 40.7; snout to anterior angle of vent 37.3; axilla to groin length 23.4; tail length 33.5; tail width at base 1.9; tail depth at base 1.8; forelimb length 6.7; hind limb length 7.2; limb interval 8; width of right hand 1.7; width of right foot 2.2; foot length 2.9; length of third toe 0.8; body width behind forelimbs 2.2. There are 15 premaxillary, 46 maxillary, and 20 vomerine teeth; the row of maxillary teeth on the right appears short, ending at the posterior border of the internal naris. There are 18 costal grooves between the limb insertions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF373A371A7F732866D44FDA3" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1984]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A7F732866A2BFF25" bold="true" box="[199,610,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Coloration of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C18AEF373A371A6A8328969B6FF25" box="[408,511,152,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(in life).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Uniformly flat black ventrally with delicate sprinkling of punctate guanophores; ventral guanophores are tiny and rarely connect; most numerous on gular region and at lowest density on tail; guanophores abundant on lateral surfaces, where they become expanded and form irregular patches. On lateral surfaces, guanophores cover more area than ground color. Dorsum metallic silver as a result of numerous expanded guanophores that are especially concentrated dorsolaterally; silvery coloration has metallic brassy-gold highlights; from a distance the silver on black background appears bluish-gray. Guanophores on head more disconnected and less concentrated, but the whole head, including eyelids and snout, is heavily spotted. Pigment most concentrated on nape of neck and front of limbs. Limbs heavily pigmented, especially proximally, but even fingers and toes have extensive spotting. Dark gray iris also has some dorsal guanophores. Only face region has light spotting. Ground color of dorsum slate black to brownish black. Under high magnification, it is clear that the lateral guanophores are more white and superficial, while the dorsal ones are deeper and more metallic. They co-occur on the dorsum, with the superficial cells rare. On the tail, the metallic color becomes gold or brassy and very concentrated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF373A371A7F730506ADCFCC4" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1984]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A7F7305069BBFDCF" bold="true" box="[199,498,577,602]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Morphological variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Males sampled from the northern end of the range have relatively small adult body size compared to populations from the southern end of the range (mean of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D316D85F373A371A4ED30746C7AFDE8" box="[989,1075,613,637]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
|
||
from southern Wofford Heights 42.1 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F373A371A7C030996901FD35" box="[240,328,648,672]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs. 33.8 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F373A371A6E230996A60FD35" box="[466,553,648,672]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
for
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D316D85F373A371A56B30996A89FD35" box="[603,704,648,672]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="male">28 males</specimenCount>
|
||
from northern Packsaddle/Brin/Fairview). No significant differences in female body size across populations were detected; however, sample sizes were <10 for three of four populations from which series were measured. Comparisons between animals from Cannell Creek and the vicinity of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C18AEF373A371A7F430E568BDFC99" box="[196,244,756,780]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality show that chest width is slightly narrower in populations from near the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C18AEF373A371A38730E56CAEFC99" box="[1207,1255,756,780]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, which accounts for the significant differences in PC2 and PC3, described above. Wofford Heights individuals have insignificant webbing compared to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548C18AEF373A371A526312B6A0FFCC7" box="[534,582,826,850]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF373A371A7F7314C6C03FC4A" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1984]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Coloration is highly variable both within and between populations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130CBA89F373A371A4ED314C6C6CFCE0" box="[989,1061,861,885]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1564,1587]" captionTargetBox="[167,1425,189,1548]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[167,1425,189,1549]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Color pattern variation in B. bramei. A. Specimen from the type locality; note the rust colored patches over the shoulders. The presence of these patches is typical of B. bramei. B. MVZ 267142, from Tobias Creek, Tulare Co., California. C – F. Four specimens from Cannell Creek, Kern and Tulare counties, California, showing range of coloration found in this population. The bold red coloring is not known from other populations. Refer to the web version of this article for color figure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215273/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Many specimens have distinct patches of color over the shoulders; these are usually coppery to gold in color, and do not fully fuse into the dorsolateral stripes. More northern individuals generally exhibit fairly subdued dorsal coloration, but individuals from Cannell Creek can be boldly marked and have reddish as well as metallic coloration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF373A371A7F731FB6911FA66" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1984]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A7F731FB69BBFB96" bold="true" box="[199,498,1002,1027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF373A371A6C931FA6AA1FB96" box="[505,744,1003,1027]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A6C931FA6AA1FB96" box="[505,744,1003,1027]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Batrachoseps bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from the Upper Kern River Canyon, and along the west side of the current Lake Isabella; the southern limit of its distribution is near the original junction of the main and South forks of the Kern River (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130CBA89F373A371A55536236AEFFBDF" box="[613,678,1074,1098]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1163,1186]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,347,1131]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,337,1142]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Map of California, USA, showing the ranges of Batrachoseps nigriventris group species and other species of Batrachoseps from the vicinity of the Kern River Canyon. The range of B. relictus in the Lower Kern River Canyon is contained within the range of B. simatus. Individual dots indicate isolated populations of B. altasierrae sp. nov. from the Kern Plateau (blue) and of B. robustus from the Scodie Mountains (green). B. Point localities for Batrachoseps from the Kern River Canyon and vicinity. Localities include all identified specimens from the collection of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, as well as additional specimens from the California Academy of Sciences and, for B. relictus, from the Los Angeles County (California) Museum. Lighter shading indicates higher elevation; blue indicates major streams or rivers. Type localities are indicated by open symbols for all species except B. gregarius (whose type locality is outside of the region shown). Refer to the web version of this article for color figure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215269/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The southernmost samples are from Wofford Heights on the west side of the river and ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F373A371A69436446994FBF8" box="[420,477,1109,1133]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
S of the Cannell Creek drainage on the east side of the river. The range extends north at least as far as
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F373A371A66C366869DEFB04" box="[348,407,1145,1169]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
N of the confluence of South Falls Creek with the Kern River. Thus, known populations range for about
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F373A371A67D368D69DCFB21" box="[333,405,1180,1204]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||
from south to north. Areas farther north, which are accessible only by trail, have not been thoroughly surveyed; it is likely that the range extends farther north in the Upper Kern River Canyon.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF373A371A21C36D06DD5FB4D" box="[1324,1436,1216,1240]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A21C36D06DD5FB4D" box="[1324,1436,1216,1240]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B. bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs within an elevational range of
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F373A371A50936F26A8EFB6E" box="[569,711,1251,1275]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" metricValueMax="1.28" metricValueMin="0.86" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="1070.0" valueMax="1280.0" valueMin="860.0">860–1280 m</quantity>
|
||
, one of the most restricted among all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF373A371A3EE36F26D3EFB6E" box="[1246,1399,1251,1275]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A3EE36F26D3EFB6E" box="[1246,1399,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Batrachoseps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF373A371A2B436F568AEFA8A" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A2B436F568AEFA8A" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B. bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been found in sympatry with any other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF373A371A44237166C43FA8A" box="[882,1034,1287,1311]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A44237166C43FA8A" box="[882,1034,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Batrachoseps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It closely approaches
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF373A371A23B37196D36FA8A" box="[1291,1407,1288,1311]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A23B37196D36FA8A" box="[1291,1407,1288,1311]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B. simatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Lower Kern River Canyon (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F373A371A531373B6A03FAD7" box="[513,586,1322,1346]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="km" value="13.0">13 km</quantity>
|
||
between Wofford Heights
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF373A371A44C373A6BA5FAD7" box="[892,1004,1322,1346]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A44C373A6BA5FAD7" box="[892,1004,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B. bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Erskine Creek
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF373A371A3FE373A6D0AFAD7" box="[1230,1347,1323,1346]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A3FE373A6D0AFAD7" box="[1230,1347,1323,1346]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B. simatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F373A371A264373B6DD5FAD7" box="[1364,1436,1322,1346]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
|
||
between Cannell Trail
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF373A371A6AE375E6A46FAF3" box="[414,527,1358,1382]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A6AE375E6A46FAF3" box="[414,527,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B. bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Erskine Creek
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF373A371A5C7375E6B27FAF3" box="[759,878,1359,1382]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A5C7375E6B27FAF3" box="[759,878,1359,1382]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B. simatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); however, these two species are separated by a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF373A371A7A737606891FA1C" box="[151,216,1393,1417]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
|
||
drainage (either the main or South Fork Kern River) as well as by xeric, inhospitable terrain around the confluence of the South Fork and Upper Kern River at Lake Isabella.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF373A371A4BA37876BB3FA38" box="[906,1018,1429,1453]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A4BA37876BB3FA38" box="[906,1018,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B. bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also closely approaches
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF373A371A22537876DDDFA38" box="[1301,1428,1429,1453]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A22537876DDDFA38" box="[1301,1428,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B. robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has been collected within
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F373A371A53D37A86A0EFA45" box="[525,583,1464,1488]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
|
||
of the river, but at much higher elevation (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCF0BE9F373A371A30437A96CD9FA45" box="[1076,1168,1464,1488]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.214" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="2214.0">2214 m</quantity>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF373A371A3E637A86D3BFA45" box="[1238,1394,1464,1488]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altasierrae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A3E637A86D3BFA45" box="[1238,1394,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B. altasierrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270C765F373A371A24A37A96881FA61" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A24A37A96881FA61" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF373A371A7F737EE6CEDF8C3" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1984]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
The range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF373A371A66B34116983F982" box="[347,458,1535,1559]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A66B34116983F982" box="[347,458,1535,1559]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B. bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the east side of the Kern River lies entirely within a prominent uplifted ridge of metamorphic rocks paralleling the river. Local populations of salamanders are associated with north-facing slopes and talus. A chaparral plant community consisting of species of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF373A371A4D534576D21F9CB" authority="Arctostaphylos, Ribes" authorityName="Arctostaphylos, Ribes" box="[997,1384,1606,1630]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ceanothus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A4D534576D21F9CB" box="[997,1384,1606,1630]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ceanothus, Arctostaphylos, Ribes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF373A371A7A73478690EF914" box="[151,327,1641,1665]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chrysothamnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A7A73478690EF914" box="[151,327,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chrysothamnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF373A371A6E4347B6AC5F914" box="[468,652,1641,1665]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sabiniana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A6E4347B6AC5F914" box="[468,652,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pinus sabiniana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and occasionally
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF373A371A46D347B6C0DF914" box="[861,1092,1641,1665]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chrysolepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A46D347B6C0DF914" box="[861,1092,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Quercus chrysolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, characterizes this area. Most individuals have been found beneath rocks, often on or at the base of talus slopes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130CBA89F373A371A363349C6CD3F930" box="[1107,1178,1677,1701]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1481,1504]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,187,1467]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,185,1468]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Habitats occupied by B. bramei in the Kern River Canyon. A. Type locality, Packsaddle Canyon, 1135 m elev., Tulare Co., California (photo taken 5 March 2011). On the east side of the Kern River, salamanders are often associated with metamorphic rock in seepage areas as shown here. B – D. On the west side of the Kern River, B. bramei has been found in a diversity of habitats including the following: B. under isolated cover objects in oak grassland S of Kernville, Kern Co., California (photo taken 21 March 2008); C. in pine litter along Tobias Creek, Tulare Co., California (photo taken 22 March 2007) and D. under rocks and in leaf litter N of South Falls Creek, Tulare Co., California (photo taken 28 January 2010; numerous individuals were found on this date). Refer to the web version of this article for color figure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215274/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, specimens have been found in a variety of other habitats and under a variety of cover objects, including under a log in an open sandy flood plain, under logs and rocks in grasslands, in gravel on the river bank, and in leaf litter in protected groves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130CBA89F373A371A7C234E66971F89A" box="[242,312,1783,1807]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1481,1504]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,187,1467]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,185,1468]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Habitats occupied by B. bramei in the Kern River Canyon. A. Type locality, Packsaddle Canyon, 1135 m elev., Tulare Co., California (photo taken 5 March 2011). On the east side of the Kern River, salamanders are often associated with metamorphic rock in seepage areas as shown here. B – D. On the west side of the Kern River, B. bramei has been found in a diversity of habitats including the following: B. under isolated cover objects in oak grassland S of Kernville, Kern Co., California (photo taken 21 March 2008); C. in pine litter along Tobias Creek, Tulare Co., California (photo taken 22 March 2007) and D. under rocks and in leaf litter N of South Falls Creek, Tulare Co., California (photo taken 28 January 2010; numerous individuals were found on this date). Refer to the web version of this article for color figure." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215274/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Individuals have been observed active at night during winter and early spring and have been collected from beneath surface cover objects under snow. Salamanders have been found under surface cover at body temperatures (inferred from substrate temperatures) of 2.2–16.4°C (mean = 8.4°C, N = 101).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32DF587F373A371A7F7357368B0F855" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF373A371A7F7357368B0F855" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1984]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A7F735736907F8EF" bold="true" box="[199,334,1890,1914]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named in honor of Arden H. Brame, Jr., who, along with Keith Murray, was the first to recognize the distinctiveness of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF373A371A6A835946A78F808" box="[408,561,1925,1949]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF373A371A6A835946A78F808" box="[408,561,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Batrachoseps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Kern River Canyon. The species name is formed as a noun in the genitive.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF48F684F372A370A7A737D86C5FF90D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/215274/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[151,1436,187,1467]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF372A370A7A737D86C5FF90D" blockId="11.[151,1437,1481,1688]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF372A370A7A737D8695DFA4A" bold="true" box="[151,276,1481,1504]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitats occupied by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF372A370A6CE37DA6A2DFA75" box="[510,612,1482,1504]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF372A370A6CE37DA6A2DFA75" box="[510,612,1482,1504]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B. bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Kern River Canyon. A. Type locality, Packsaddle Canyon, 1135 m elev., Tulare Co., California (photo taken 5 March 2011). On the east side of the Kern River, salamanders are often associated with metamorphic rock in seepage areas as shown here. B–D. On the west side of the Kern River,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF372A370A35334196C81F988" box="[1123,1224,1543,1565]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF372A370A35334196C81F988" box="[1123,1224,1543,1565]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B. bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been found in a diversity of habitats including the following: B. under isolated cover objects in oak grassland S of Kernville, Kern Co., California (photo taken 21 March 2008); C. in pine litter along Tobias Creek, Tulare Co., California (photo taken 22 March 2007) and D. under rocks and in leaf litter N of South Falls Creek, Tulare Co., California (photo taken 28 January 2010; numerous individuals were found on this date). Refer to the web version of this article for color figure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32DF587F372A377A7F734AC6895FD8D" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF372A370A7F734AC6BE4F866" blockId="11.[151,1436,1725,2035]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF372A370A7F734AC6906F943" bold="true" box="[199,335,1725,1750]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
In their classic work on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF372A370A55134AF6C64F943" authority="Brame and Murray (1968)" authorityName="Brame and Murray" authorityYear="1968" box="[609,1069,1726,1751]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF372A370A55134AF6AB0F943" box="[609,761,1726,1750]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Batrachoseps</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF372A370A43734AE6C64F943" author="Brame" box="[775,1069,1726,1751]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Brame, A. H. Jr. & Murray, K. F. (1968) Three new slender salamanders (Batrachoseps) with a discussion of relationships and speciation within the genus. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 4, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1968">Brame and Murray (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
referred animals from the Upper Kern River Canyon to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF372A370A69934F36A6BF96C" box="[425,546,1762,1785]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF372A370A69934F36A6BF96C" box="[425,546,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B. simatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but noted that they were morphologically different.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF372A370A3AB34F06D03F96C" author="Stebbins" box="[1179,1354,1761,1785]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Stebbins, R. C. (1985) A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians. Second edition, revised. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 336 pp." type="book" year="1985">Stebbins (1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF372A370A26B34F06DDDF96C" author="Stebbins" box="[1371,1428,1761,1785]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Stebbins, R. C. (2003) A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians. Third edition, revised. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 533 pp." type="book" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) followed this taxonomy.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF372A370A68435146AA3F888" author="Jockusch" box="[436,746,1797,1821]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Jockusch, E. L. & Wake, D. B. (2002) Falling apart and merging: the diversification of slender salamanders (Plethodontidae: Batrachoseps) in the American West. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 76, 361 - 391." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Jockusch and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F320E69CF372A370A56635146ADCF888" box="[598,661,1797,1821]" name="Wake Island" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Wake</collectingCountry>
|
||
(2002)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated populations from the Upper Kern River Canyon, all included here in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF372A370A66E353B6998F8D4" box="[350,465,1833,1857]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF372A370A66E353B6998F8D4" box="[350,465,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B. bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as undescribed lineages based on a phylogeny inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence data, but the high genetic diversity within the region led them to raise questions about whether more than one species might be present.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF372A370A6CF35616AF1F81D" author="Jennings" box="[511,696,1904,1928]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Jennings, M. R. (2004) An annotated check list of the amphibians and reptiles of California and adjacent waters. California Fish and Game, 90, 161 - 213." type="journal article" year="2004">Jennings (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated populations from the Upper Kern River Canyon as an undescribed species and provided a vernacular name “Fairview slender salamander.”
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DBFDF372A370A35635856DD5F839" author="Bartlett" box="[1126,1436,1940,1964]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Bartlett, R. D. & Bartlett, P. P. (2009) Guide and Reference to the Amphibians of Western North America (North of Mexico) and Hawaii. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 217 pp." type="book" year="2009">Bartlett and Bartlett (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
refer to the species as awaiting formal description but provide a short species account, a distribution map, and a color photograph and refer to it as the “Fairview Slender Salamander.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF375A377A7F732866C96FE89" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Until 2004, it was believed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF375A377A50032896A81FF25" box="[560,712,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF375A377A50032896A81FF25" box="[560,712,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Batrachoseps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the canyon proper occurred only on the eastern and southern sides of the river. After specimens were found in the Tillie Creek drainage on the northwest side of the river, exploration intensified on that side, and specimens have now been found at almost all sites north of Tillie Creek that we have sampled with moderate effort (>4 person-hours of searching under good conditions).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88A60CF375A377A7F733366895FD8D" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF375A377A7F733366927FED5" bold="true" box="[199,366,295,320]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
The range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF375A377A52333386ACAFED5" box="[531,643,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF375A377A52333386ACAFED5" box="[531,643,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lies entirely within plant communities that naturally experience periodic fire. The use of heavy equipment for fire suppression has the potential to negatively impact salamander habitat. Road maintenance of Mountain Highway 99 (Kernville–Johnsondale) should take into account the intimate proximity of some populations to road-edge habitat. Most known populations occur on public lands administered by Sequoia National Forest. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF375A377A57833A86AF4FE45" box="[584,701,441,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF375A377A57833A86AF4FE45" box="[584,701,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. simatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has become difficult to find and is listed as a Threatened Species by the State of California,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C37DD8FF375A377A6FC33CC6A74FE61" box="[460,573,476,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Batrachoseps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bramei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9437A1EF375A377A6FC33CC6A74FE61" box="[460,573,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">B. bramei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be more abundant and can be found consistently throughout its range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |