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<document id="B8BE7E704E30D9637DD7DC4DAF70DB80" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.314.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13700770" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725575392568" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bosak, Sunčica &amp; Sarno, Diana" docDate="2017" docId="038587FE514CFFEC6AE5FB1FD965F83D" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.314.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 314 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.314.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Chaetoceros eibenii Grunow" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFBCFF865144FFE46A6DFFCBDD70FFEC" masterDocTitle="The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1725585328926" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="97B757978197A46A1ADCB5CFF5CDFB9F">The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C27DC253101C9E42F6DEAE33BA498DF4">Bosak, Sunčica</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="038885E61E9078189796BF27ADFC0E84">University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR- 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="698CC5F33FD5754D75D7C5422DBF13E7">Sarno, Diana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="45EA8D4EB613A30D74F84AC55FB41C89">Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="038587FE514CFFEC6AE5FB1FD965F83D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038587FE514CFFEC6AE5FB1FD965F83D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038587FE514CFFEC6AE5FB1FD965F83D" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection id="C3366563514CFFEC6AE5FB1FDE82FB03" box="[136,1010,1236,1263]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9336E8514CFFEC6AE5FB1FDE82FB03" blockId="8.[136,1010,1236,1263]" box="[136,1010,1236,1263]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="D0DB8184514CFFEC6AE5FB1FDE82FB03" box="[136,1010,1236,1263]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D6B514CFFEC6AE5FB1FDCBFFB03" ID-CoL="TB4F" authority="Grunow" authorityName="Grunow" box="[136,463,1236,1263]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="eibenii">
<emphasis id="B958EAFA514CFFEC6AE5FB1FDC1CFB03" bold="true" box="[136,364,1236,1263]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chaetoceros eibenii</emphasis>
Grunow
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B19514CFFEC6B9FFB1DDFB3FB03" author="Van Heurck, H." box="[498,707,1238,1263]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref29950" refString="Van Heurck, H. (1882) Synopsis des diatomees de Belgique. Atlas pls. LXXVIII - CIII. [Ducaju et Cie, Anvers]" type="book" year="1882">Van Heurck (1882</bibRefCitation>
: pl. LXXXII) (
<figureCitation id="13172A6D514CFFEC6907FB1DDE9AFB03" box="[874,1002,1238,1263]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–23" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1732,1753]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 13–23. Chaetoceros densus, Chaetoceros eibenii. Figs 13, 14, 16: LM. Figs 15, 20, 21: TEM. Figs 17–19, 22–23: SEM. Figs 13–15: Chaetoceros densus field material. 13) Terminal part of a chain. 14) Sibling valves in valve view. 15) Detail of a seta. Figs 16, 18–22: Chaetoceros eibenii culture material, strain PMFH1. 16) Complete chain of two cells. Fig. 17: Chaetoceros eibenii field material. 17) Terminal part of a chain showing wide hexagonal apertures and a rimoportula visible on every valve. 18) Valve view of sibling valves showing setae divergence. 19) External view of the valve with rimoportula and hyaline rim on the marginal ridge (arrows). 20) Detail of the seta. 21) Detail of a broken seta showing the ornamentation pattern of the side wall. The larger round poroid is indicated by an arrow. 22) Hexagonal cross-section of the seta. 23) Seta tip. Scale bars: 16= 50 μm; 13, 14, 17=10 μm; 18, 19=5 μm; 15, 20–23=1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700776/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 16–23</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3366563514CFFEC6AE5FB36D965F83D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9336E8514CFFEC6AE5FB36DF6EFADA" blockId="8.[136,1452,1277,1370]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B958EAFA514CFFEC6AE5FB36DD87FAFE" bold="true" box="[136,247,1277,1298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">References</emphasis>
:—
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B19514CFFEC6B79FB36DCDCFAFE" author="Hustedt, F." box="[276,428,1277,1298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref27612" refString="Hustedt, F. (1930) Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, Osterrreichs und der Schweiz under Berucksichtigung der ubrigen Lander Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. 1. Teil. Akademische Verlaggesellschaft, Leipzig, 920 pp." type="book" year="1930">Hustedt (1930)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B19514CFFEC6BD4FB36DF48FAFE" author="Cupp, E. E." box="[441,568,1277,1298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 237" refId="ref26235" refString="Cupp, E. E. (1943) Marine plankton diatoms of the west coast of north America. Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Technical series 5: 1 - 237." type="book chapter" year="1943">Cupp (1943)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B19514CFFEC6828FB36DE4BFAFE" author="Von Stosch, H. A. &amp; Theil, G. &amp; Kowallik, K." box="[581,827,1277,1298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="384 - 445" refId="ref30139" refString="Von Stosch, H. A., Theil, G. &amp; Kowallik, K. (1973) Entwicklungsgeschichtiliche Untersuchungen an zentrischen Diatomeen. V. Bau und Lebenszyklus von Chaetoceros didymum, mit beobachtungen uber einige andere Arten der Gattung. Helgolander wissenschaftilche Meeresuntersuchungen 25: 384 - 445. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01611205" type="journal article" year="1973">
Von Stosch
<emphasis id="B958EAFA514CFFEC68D0FB36DF81FAFE" box="[701,753,1277,1298]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
(1973)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B19514CFFEC6924FB36D95DFAFE" author="Koch, P. &amp; Rivera, P." box="[841,1069,1277,1298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="61 - 84" refId="ref27887" refString="Koch, P. &amp; Rivera, P. (1984) Contribution to the diatom flora of Chile. III. The genus Chaetoceros Ehr. (subgenus Phaeoceros Gran). Gayana Botanica 41: 61 - 84." type="journal article" year="1984">Koch &amp; Rivera (1984)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B19514CFFEC6E57FB36D832FAFE" author="Rines, J. E. B. &amp; Hargraves, P. E." box="[1082,1346,1277,1298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref29358" refString="Rines, J. E. B. &amp; Hargraves, P. E. (1988) The Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyceae) Flora of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, U. S. A. Bibliotheca Phycologica, Band 79, J. Cramer, Berlin, 196 pp." type="book" year="1988">Rines &amp; Hargraves (1988)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B19514CFFEC6F22FB36DC11FADA" author="Jensen, K. G. &amp; Moestrup, O." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref27749" refString="Jensen, K. G. &amp; Moestrup, O. (1998) The genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyceae) in innner Danish coastal waters. Opera Botanica 133: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">Jensen &amp; Moestrup (1998)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBD4B19514CFFEC6B06FAEADF6AFADA" author="Lee, S. D. &amp; Park, J. S. &amp; Yun, S. M. &amp; Lee, J. H." box="[363,538,1313,1334]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="174 - 187" refId="ref28250" refString="Lee, S. D., Park, J. S., Yun, S. M. &amp; Lee, J. H. (2014 b) Critical criteria for identification of the genus Chaetoceros (Bacillariophyta) based on setae ultrastructure. I. Subgenus Chaetoceros. Phycologia 53: 174 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.2216 / 13 - 154.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Lee
<emphasis id="B958EAFA514CFFEC6BF8FAEADCB6FADA" box="[405,454,1313,1334]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
(2014b)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336E8514CFFEC6AE5FA8EDFC7FAB6" blockId="8.[136,1452,1277,1370]" box="[136,695,1349,1370]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B958EAFA514CFFEC6AE5FA8EDD80FAB6" bold="true" box="[136,240,1349,1370]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Synonym:</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D6B514CFFEC6B65FA8EDFC7FAB6" ID-CoL="TB4F" authority="Grunow." authorityName="Grunow." box="[264,695,1349,1370]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Chaetocerotaceae" genus="Chaetoceros" kingdom="Chromista" order="Chaetocerotales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="variety" species="paradoxus" variety="eibenii">
<emphasis id="B958EAFA514CFFEC6B65FA8EDC9BFAB6" box="[264,491,1349,1370]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chaetoceros paradoxus</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B958EAFA514CFFEC6876FA8EDF2CFAB6" box="[539,604,1349,1370]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">eibenii</emphasis>
Grunow.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336E8514CFFEC6AE5FA48DFCFFA70" blockId="8.[136,1452,1411,2001]" box="[136,703,1411,1436]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B958EAFA514CFFEC6AE5FA48DC4BFA70" bold="true" box="[136,315,1411,1436]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Morphometry:</emphasis>
—a.a.: 13–42 μm; p.a.: 11–38 μm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336E8514CFFEC6AD0FA6DDF98F9C4" blockId="8.[136,1452,1411,2001]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B958EAFA514CFFEC6AD0FA6DDD84FA53" bold="true" box="[189,244,1446,1471]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">LM:</emphasis>
—Cells united into robust, straight and long chains (
<figureCitation id="13172A6D514CFFEC692DFA6DDEE3FA53" box="[832,915,1446,1471]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–23" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1732,1753]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 13–23. Chaetoceros densus, Chaetoceros eibenii. Figs 13, 14, 16: LM. Figs 15, 20, 21: TEM. Figs 17–19, 22–23: SEM. Figs 13–15: Chaetoceros densus field material. 13) Terminal part of a chain. 14) Sibling valves in valve view. 15) Detail of a seta. Figs 16, 18–22: Chaetoceros eibenii culture material, strain PMFH1. 16) Complete chain of two cells. Fig. 17: Chaetoceros eibenii field material. 17) Terminal part of a chain showing wide hexagonal apertures and a rimoportula visible on every valve. 18) Valve view of sibling valves showing setae divergence. 19) External view of the valve with rimoportula and hyaline rim on the marginal ridge (arrows). 20) Detail of the seta. 21) Detail of a broken seta showing the ornamentation pattern of the side wall. The larger round poroid is indicated by an arrow. 22) Hexagonal cross-section of the seta. 23) Seta tip. Scale bars: 16= 50 μm; 13, 14, 17=10 μm; 18, 19=5 μm; 15, 20–23=1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700776/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). In girdle view cells are rectangular with sharp valve corners (
<figureCitation id="13172A6D514CFFEC6B5DFA02DCF5FA0E" box="[304,389,1481,1506]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–23" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1732,1753]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 13–23. Chaetoceros densus, Chaetoceros eibenii. Figs 13, 14, 16: LM. Figs 15, 20, 21: TEM. Figs 17–19, 22–23: SEM. Figs 13–15: Chaetoceros densus field material. 13) Terminal part of a chain. 14) Sibling valves in valve view. 15) Detail of a seta. Figs 16, 18–22: Chaetoceros eibenii culture material, strain PMFH1. 16) Complete chain of two cells. Fig. 17: Chaetoceros eibenii field material. 17) Terminal part of a chain showing wide hexagonal apertures and a rimoportula visible on every valve. 18) Valve view of sibling valves showing setae divergence. 19) External view of the valve with rimoportula and hyaline rim on the marginal ridge (arrows). 20) Detail of the seta. 21) Detail of a broken seta showing the ornamentation pattern of the side wall. The larger round poroid is indicated by an arrow. 22) Hexagonal cross-section of the seta. 23) Seta tip. Scale bars: 16= 50 μm; 13, 14, 17=10 μm; 18, 19=5 μm; 15, 20–23=1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700776/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
). Cells and setae contain numerous chloroplasts. The valve surface is slightly concave with a spine-like central process visible on every valve (
<figureCitation id="13172A6D514CFFEC68D1FA27DE61F9E9" box="[700,785,1516,1541]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–23" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1732,1753]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 13–23. Chaetoceros densus, Chaetoceros eibenii. Figs 13, 14, 16: LM. Figs 15, 20, 21: TEM. Figs 17–19, 22–23: SEM. Figs 13–15: Chaetoceros densus field material. 13) Terminal part of a chain. 14) Sibling valves in valve view. 15) Detail of a seta. Figs 16, 18–22: Chaetoceros eibenii culture material, strain PMFH1. 16) Complete chain of two cells. Fig. 17: Chaetoceros eibenii field material. 17) Terminal part of a chain showing wide hexagonal apertures and a rimoportula visible on every valve. 18) Valve view of sibling valves showing setae divergence. 19) External view of the valve with rimoportula and hyaline rim on the marginal ridge (arrows). 20) Detail of the seta. 21) Detail of a broken seta showing the ornamentation pattern of the side wall. The larger round poroid is indicated by an arrow. 22) Hexagonal cross-section of the seta. 23) Seta tip. Scale bars: 16= 50 μm; 13, 14, 17=10 μm; 18, 19=5 μm; 15, 20–23=1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700776/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
). The valve mantle is low. Setae originate inside the valve margin and have a relatively short basal part (
<figureCitation id="13172A6D514CFFEC68E5F9C4DFABF9C4" box="[648,731,1551,1576]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–23" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1732,1753]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 13–23. Chaetoceros densus, Chaetoceros eibenii. Figs 13, 14, 16: LM. Figs 15, 20, 21: TEM. Figs 17–19, 22–23: SEM. Figs 13–15: Chaetoceros densus field material. 13) Terminal part of a chain. 14) Sibling valves in valve view. 15) Detail of a seta. Figs 16, 18–22: Chaetoceros eibenii culture material, strain PMFH1. 16) Complete chain of two cells. Fig. 17: Chaetoceros eibenii field material. 17) Terminal part of a chain showing wide hexagonal apertures and a rimoportula visible on every valve. 18) Valve view of sibling valves showing setae divergence. 19) External view of the valve with rimoportula and hyaline rim on the marginal ridge (arrows). 20) Detail of the seta. 21) Detail of a broken seta showing the ornamentation pattern of the side wall. The larger round poroid is indicated by an arrow. 22) Hexagonal cross-section of the seta. 23) Seta tip. Scale bars: 16= 50 μm; 13, 14, 17=10 μm; 18, 19=5 μm; 15, 20–23=1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700776/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336E8514CFFEC6AD0F9F8D9F2F865" blockId="8.[136,1452,1411,2001]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B958EAFA514CFFEC6AD0F9F8DD84F9A0" bold="true" box="[189,244,1587,1612]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">EM:</emphasis>
—The valves are very heavily silicified and perforated with poroids irregularly scattered over the valve face, setae bases, and mantle. In valve view, one seta is oriented parallel to the apical plane and the other one diverges from it at approximately 90° angle (
<figureCitation id="13172A6D514CFFEC6BA9F9B2DF67F97E" box="[452,535,1657,1682]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–23" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1732,1753]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 13–23. Chaetoceros densus, Chaetoceros eibenii. Figs 13, 14, 16: LM. Figs 15, 20, 21: TEM. Figs 17–19, 22–23: SEM. Figs 13–15: Chaetoceros densus field material. 13) Terminal part of a chain. 14) Sibling valves in valve view. 15) Detail of a seta. Figs 16, 18–22: Chaetoceros eibenii culture material, strain PMFH1. 16) Complete chain of two cells. Fig. 17: Chaetoceros eibenii field material. 17) Terminal part of a chain showing wide hexagonal apertures and a rimoportula visible on every valve. 18) Valve view of sibling valves showing setae divergence. 19) External view of the valve with rimoportula and hyaline rim on the marginal ridge (arrows). 20) Detail of the seta. 21) Detail of a broken seta showing the ornamentation pattern of the side wall. The larger round poroid is indicated by an arrow. 22) Hexagonal cross-section of the seta. 23) Seta tip. Scale bars: 16= 50 μm; 13, 14, 17=10 μm; 18, 19=5 μm; 15, 20–23=1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700776/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
). However, the divergence angle can be quite variable. The marginal ridge is often ornamented with a strongly silicified low hyaline rim with an uneven edge (
<figureCitation id="13172A6D514CFFEC698DF957D944F959" box="[992,1076,1692,1717]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–23" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1732,1753]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 13–23. Chaetoceros densus, Chaetoceros eibenii. Figs 13, 14, 16: LM. Figs 15, 20, 21: TEM. Figs 17–19, 22–23: SEM. Figs 13–15: Chaetoceros densus field material. 13) Terminal part of a chain. 14) Sibling valves in valve view. 15) Detail of a seta. Figs 16, 18–22: Chaetoceros eibenii culture material, strain PMFH1. 16) Complete chain of two cells. Fig. 17: Chaetoceros eibenii field material. 17) Terminal part of a chain showing wide hexagonal apertures and a rimoportula visible on every valve. 18) Valve view of sibling valves showing setae divergence. 19) External view of the valve with rimoportula and hyaline rim on the marginal ridge (arrows). 20) Detail of the seta. 21) Detail of a broken seta showing the ornamentation pattern of the side wall. The larger round poroid is indicated by an arrow. 22) Hexagonal cross-section of the seta. 23) Seta tip. Scale bars: 16= 50 μm; 13, 14, 17=10 μm; 18, 19=5 μm; 15, 20–23=1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700776/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
). A central rimoportula is present in each valve. It appears as a simple hole from the inside, and brings a flattened or round tube with a tapering tip on the outside of the valve (
<figureCitation id="13172A6D514CFFEC6B19F928DC87F910" box="[372,503,1763,1788]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–23" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1732,1753]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 13–23. Chaetoceros densus, Chaetoceros eibenii. Figs 13, 14, 16: LM. Figs 15, 20, 21: TEM. Figs 17–19, 22–23: SEM. Figs 13–15: Chaetoceros densus field material. 13) Terminal part of a chain. 14) Sibling valves in valve view. 15) Detail of a seta. Figs 16, 18–22: Chaetoceros eibenii culture material, strain PMFH1. 16) Complete chain of two cells. Fig. 17: Chaetoceros eibenii field material. 17) Terminal part of a chain showing wide hexagonal apertures and a rimoportula visible on every valve. 18) Valve view of sibling valves showing setae divergence. 19) External view of the valve with rimoportula and hyaline rim on the marginal ridge (arrows). 20) Detail of the seta. 21) Detail of a broken seta showing the ornamentation pattern of the side wall. The larger round poroid is indicated by an arrow. 22) Hexagonal cross-section of the seta. 23) Seta tip. Scale bars: 16= 50 μm; 13, 14, 17=10 μm; 18, 19=5 μm; 15, 20–23=1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700776/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 18–19</figureCitation>
). The setae are six-sided (
<figureCitation id="13172A6D514CFFEC6974F928DE1BF910" box="[793,875,1763,1788]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–23" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1732,1753]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 13–23. Chaetoceros densus, Chaetoceros eibenii. Figs 13, 14, 16: LM. Figs 15, 20, 21: TEM. Figs 17–19, 22–23: SEM. Figs 13–15: Chaetoceros densus field material. 13) Terminal part of a chain. 14) Sibling valves in valve view. 15) Detail of a seta. Figs 16, 18–22: Chaetoceros eibenii culture material, strain PMFH1. 16) Complete chain of two cells. Fig. 17: Chaetoceros eibenii field material. 17) Terminal part of a chain showing wide hexagonal apertures and a rimoportula visible on every valve. 18) Valve view of sibling valves showing setae divergence. 19) External view of the valve with rimoportula and hyaline rim on the marginal ridge (arrows). 20) Detail of the seta. 21) Detail of a broken seta showing the ornamentation pattern of the side wall. The larger round poroid is indicated by an arrow. 22) Hexagonal cross-section of the seta. 23) Seta tip. Scale bars: 16= 50 μm; 13, 14, 17=10 μm; 18, 19=5 μm; 15, 20–23=1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700776/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
) with a row of very strong, shark fin-shaped spines on each ridge (
<figureCitation id="13172A6D514CFFEC6B46F8CDDC0EF8F3" box="[299,382,1798,1823]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–23" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1732,1753]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 13–23. Chaetoceros densus, Chaetoceros eibenii. Figs 13, 14, 16: LM. Figs 15, 20, 21: TEM. Figs 17–19, 22–23: SEM. Figs 13–15: Chaetoceros densus field material. 13) Terminal part of a chain. 14) Sibling valves in valve view. 15) Detail of a seta. Figs 16, 18–22: Chaetoceros eibenii culture material, strain PMFH1. 16) Complete chain of two cells. Fig. 17: Chaetoceros eibenii field material. 17) Terminal part of a chain showing wide hexagonal apertures and a rimoportula visible on every valve. 18) Valve view of sibling valves showing setae divergence. 19) External view of the valve with rimoportula and hyaline rim on the marginal ridge (arrows). 20) Detail of the seta. 21) Detail of a broken seta showing the ornamentation pattern of the side wall. The larger round poroid is indicated by an arrow. 22) Hexagonal cross-section of the seta. 23) Seta tip. Scale bars: 16= 50 μm; 13, 14, 17=10 μm; 18, 19=5 μm; 15, 20–23=1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700776/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
). The setae sides are ornamented by relatively thick and distinct transverse costae interspaced by less silicified areas, which are perforated by numerous very small poroids, sometimes arranged in rows close to costae but otherwise irregularly scattered over the hyaline area (
<figureCitation id="13172A6D514CFFEC6964F887DEFDF889" box="[777,909,1868,1893]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–23" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1732,1753]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 13–23. Chaetoceros densus, Chaetoceros eibenii. Figs 13, 14, 16: LM. Figs 15, 20, 21: TEM. Figs 17–19, 22–23: SEM. Figs 13–15: Chaetoceros densus field material. 13) Terminal part of a chain. 14) Sibling valves in valve view. 15) Detail of a seta. Figs 16, 18–22: Chaetoceros eibenii culture material, strain PMFH1. 16) Complete chain of two cells. Fig. 17: Chaetoceros eibenii field material. 17) Terminal part of a chain showing wide hexagonal apertures and a rimoportula visible on every valve. 18) Valve view of sibling valves showing setae divergence. 19) External view of the valve with rimoportula and hyaline rim on the marginal ridge (arrows). 20) Detail of the seta. 21) Detail of a broken seta showing the ornamentation pattern of the side wall. The larger round poroid is indicated by an arrow. 22) Hexagonal cross-section of the seta. 23) Seta tip. Scale bars: 16= 50 μm; 13, 14, 17=10 μm; 18, 19=5 μm; 15, 20–23=1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700776/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 20–21</figureCitation>
). One larger round pore is present near the ridge and close to the costa on either sides of the side-wall, at an interval of 4–8 costae (
<figureCitation id="13172A6D514CFFEC6E4FF8BBD905F865" box="[1058,1141,1904,1929]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–23" captionStartId="9.[136,243,1732,1753]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-14@9.[151,1436,190,1707]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 13–23. Chaetoceros densus, Chaetoceros eibenii. Figs 13, 14, 16: LM. Figs 15, 20, 21: TEM. Figs 17–19, 22–23: SEM. Figs 13–15: Chaetoceros densus field material. 13) Terminal part of a chain. 14) Sibling valves in valve view. 15) Detail of a seta. Figs 16, 18–22: Chaetoceros eibenii culture material, strain PMFH1. 16) Complete chain of two cells. Fig. 17: Chaetoceros eibenii field material. 17) Terminal part of a chain showing wide hexagonal apertures and a rimoportula visible on every valve. 18) Valve view of sibling valves showing setae divergence. 19) External view of the valve with rimoportula and hyaline rim on the marginal ridge (arrows). 20) Detail of the seta. 21) Detail of a broken seta showing the ornamentation pattern of the side wall. The larger round poroid is indicated by an arrow. 22) Hexagonal cross-section of the seta. 23) Seta tip. Scale bars: 16= 50 μm; 13, 14, 17=10 μm; 18, 19=5 μm; 15, 20–23=1 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13700776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13700776/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336E8514CFFEC6AD0F85FD965F83D" blockId="8.[136,1452,1411,2001]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B958EAFA514CFFEC6AD0F85FDCDFF841" bold="true" box="[189,431,1940,1965]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distinctive features:</emphasis>
—Hexagonal apertures, a spine-like rimoportula process visible in every valve. Six-sided setae, ornamented with thick costae interspaced by numerous very small poroids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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