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<document id="4B62399538BE055F1B238C9B925F85A6" ID-CLB-Dataset="4261" ID-DOI="10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0028" ID-GBIF-Dataset="69cf944a-43de-4eeb-bdd7-3dee10cde70c" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5512220" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1631798300768" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Oliveira, Aline Machado, Powell, Scott &amp; Feitosa, Rodrigo Machado" docDate="2021" docId="038587E5FFDDFFEAFFDFFC29D197FA87" docLanguage="en" docName="RevBrasilEntomol.65.3.e20210028.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 65 (3), No. e 20210028" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0028" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0303D37C566E4E2A42C6591146119864.1:RevBrasEntomol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="0303D37C566E4E2A42C6591146119864" docStyleName="RevBrasEntomol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Cephalotes pusillus Obsolete" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="FFBCFF9DFFF4FFC0FF8CFF91D476FFAA" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic study of the Brazilian turtle ants (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Cephalotes)" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1699449320468" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-ND-4.0">
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<mods:title id="0CAAFE3650C4C2C78B217A63B02FFCE4">A taxonomic study of the Brazilian turtle ants (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Cephalotes)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5C6AE74742E17F294D9D0AACBCAB4993">Oliveira, Aline Machado</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="038587E5FFDDFFEAFFDFFC29D197FA87" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512343" ID-GBIF-Taxon="187975358" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5512343" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038587E5FFDDFFEAFFDFFC29D197FA87" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038587E5FFDDFFEAFFDFFC29D197FA87" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<subSubSection id="C3366578FFDDFFE9FFDFFC29D516FC61" box="[83,352,952,971]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FFDFFC29D516FC61" blockId="41.[82,757,952,1985]" box="[83,352,952,971]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<heading id="D0DB819FFFDDFFE9FFDFFC29D516FC61" bold="true" box="[83,352,952,971]" fontSize="8" level="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDDFFE9FFDFFC29D516FC61" bold="true" box="[83,352,952,971]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
The
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FFF2FC29D4B9FC61" ID-CoL="69JSH" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[126,207,952,971]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">pusillus</taxonomicName>
species group
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3366578FFDDFFE9FFDFFC47D63AFB13" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FFDFFC47D487FC43" blockId="41.[82,757,952,1985]" box="[83,241,982,1001]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
(
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDDFFE9FFD6FC47D4D0FC43" box="[90,166,982,1001]" captionStart="Figure 49" captionStartId="42.[113,166,945,962]" captionTargetBox="[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetId="figure-342@42.[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 49 Workers of pusillus group. A: C. simillimus. B, H and K: C. inaequalis. C, G and L: C. pusillus [C: CASENT0173703]. D: C. spinosus [CASENT0900244]. E: C. duckei. F: C.minutus. I: C.laminatus. J: C. minutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512368/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Figs. 49</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDDFFE9FF23FC47D4BFFC43" box="[175,201,982,1001]" captionStart="Figure 50" captionStartId="42.[113,166,1984,2001]" captionTargetBox="[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-343@42.[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionText="Figure 50 Soldiers of pusillus group.A: C. pusillus. B and H: C. minutus. C: C. duckei. D:C.inaequalis. E: C. spinosus. F and I: C. simillimus. G: C. laminatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512370/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">50</figureCitation>
, 51)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FFF5FC65D63AFB13" blockId="41.[82,757,952,1985]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
The
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FF28FC65D48CFBAD" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[164,250,1012,1031]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">spinosus</taxonomicName>
group by Kempf (1951) comprised the De Andrade and Baroni Urbani’s
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FE92FB80D5F6FB8E" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[286,384,1041,1060]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laminatus">laminatus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FE3FFB80D676FB8E" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[435,512,1041,1060]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">pusillus</taxonomicName>
groups, which share the followingcharacters:anterolateralpronotum angulate, separatefrom the pronotal expansions; propodeum with twopairs of spinesor denticles, with the posterior one longer thananterior; dorsal anddeclivous faces of propodeum differentiated, meeting in a distinct propodeal angle; gaster with distinct anterolateral lamellate borders.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3366578FFDDFFE9FFF5FB55D62CF8E0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FFF5FB55D4DEF95A" blockId="41.[82,757,952,1985]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
Despite the shared characters,De Andradeand Baroni Urbani (1999) separated the former
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FE93FB73D5B5FB5F" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[287,451,1250,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">Kempf’sspinosus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FE45FB72D60DFB5F" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[457,635,1250,1270]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laminatus">groupinlaminatus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FD0DFB73D684FB5F" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[641,754,1250,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">andpusillus</taxonomicName>
groups. Thesynapomorphy
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FED1FA91D59DFAB9" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[349,491,1280,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">forthepusillus</taxonomicName>
group is the absence of fine reticulation on thecephalic ventralface and theabsenceof angulate hind femora. However, both characters are the same in the
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FDC3FAADD6C6FAE5" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[591,688,1340,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laminatus">laminatus</taxonomicName>
group, which includes the remaining species of Kempf’s
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FDB9FAC8D6FDFAC6" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[565,651,1369,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">spinosus</taxonomicName>
group and
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FFDFFAE6D4D1FA20" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[83,167,1399,1418]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duckei">C.duckei</taxonomicName>
, that hadbeen consideredan isolated speciesby Kempf (1951). The synapomorphy for
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FEBFFA04D5E3FA02" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[307,405,1429,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laminatus">laminatus</taxonomicName>
group, according to De Andrade and Baroni Urbani (1999), is the vertexal corners with a truncate lamella, butthis character is alsopresent in other groups, including
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FD09FA40D685FA4E" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[645,755,1489,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">thepusillus</taxonomicName>
group. The characters used by Kempf (1951) tojoin the members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FFDEF99DD4E9F9B5" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[82,159,1548,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">pusillus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FF5CF99DD544F9B5" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[208,306,1548,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laminatus">laminatus</taxonomicName>
groups within the
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FE61F99DD635F9B5" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[493,579,1548,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">spinosus</taxonomicName>
group seem more robust. Concordantly, the molecular phylogeny by Priceet al. (2016, see their
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDDFFE9FF3DF9D9D486F9F1" box="[177,240,1608,1627]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[113,166,1905,1922]" captionTargetBox="[264,1353,1048,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-111@6.[264,1353,1048,1889]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3 Soldiers of Cephalotes. A: C. decoloratus (pallens group) [CASENT0909299]. B: C. angustus (angustus group) [CASENT0909276]. C: C. basalis (basalis group). D and I: C. minutus (pusillus group) [CASENT0173691]. E: C. quadratus (fiebrigi group) [CASENT0173705]. F and P: C. umbraculatus (umbraculatus group) [CASENT0922582]. G and O: C. targionii (angustus group) [CASENT0173708]. H: C. nilpiei (pinelii group). J: C. borgmeieri (depressus group) [CASENT0173664]. K: C. grandinosus (grandinosus group). L: C.pinelii (pinelii group). M: C. jheringi (fiebrigi group). N: C.clypeatus (clypeatus group) [CASENT0173669]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512226/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. S3</figureCitation>
) recovered
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FEEBF9D9D5BAF9F1" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[359,460,1608,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">C. pusillus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FE72F9D9D6F1F9F1" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[510,647,1608,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbicus">C. columbicus</taxonomicName>
within the
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FFD8F9F7D4C0F9D3" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[84,182,1638,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laminatus">laminatus</taxonomicName>
group, rendering the
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FE02F9F7D586F9D3" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[398,496,1638,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laminatus">laminatus</taxonomicName>
group paraphyletic. Based on this molecular and morphological evidence, we here recognize the members of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FF5DF930D568F91E" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[209,286,1697,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">pusillus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FEC2F930D5C6F91E" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[334,432,1697,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laminatus">laminatus</taxonomicName>
groups as a unique group, under the name “
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FF30F92ED57EF978" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[188,264,1727,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">pusillus</taxonomicName>
”, since
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FEDDF92ED5C3F978" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[337,437,1727,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">C. pusillus</taxonomicName>
is the oldest species in the group (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDDFFE9FFD7F94CD4EDF95A" box="[91,155,1757,1776]" captionStart="Figure54" captionStartId="45.[82,133,1642,1659]" captionTargetBox="[84,1473,151,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-167@45.[83,1473,151,1625]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Figure54 Themaximum cladecredibility treefrom phylogenetic analysesperformed byPriceet al.(2016) basedonmorphologicalandmoleculardata.The tree has beentrimmedtoinclude onlythose species knownfromBrazil.Thelabelsforthespecies groupsfollowour proposals,including thesynonymies,andtheprevious namesforthesynonymized groupsareshown ingrey." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512379/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FFF5F96AD62CF8E0" blockId="41.[82,757,952,1985]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
Most species inthisgroup occurin
<collectingCountry id="F33B7663FFDDFFE9FE3EF96AD59EF8A4" box="[434,488,1787,1806]" name="Brazil" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,except for
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FDC6F96AD69BF8A4" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[586,749,1787,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="christopherseni">C.christopherseni</taxonomicName>
, known so far only from
<collectingCountry id="F33B7663FFDDFFE9FEC5F888D5DEF886" box="[329,424,1817,1836]" name="Colombia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33B7663FFDDFFE9FE3FF888D66FF886" box="[435,537,1817,1836]" name="Venezuela" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F33B7663FFDDFFE9FDDDF888D6D6F886" box="[593,672,1817,1836]" name="Panama" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Panama</collectingCountry>
, and for
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FFDFF8A6D4ADF8E0" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[83,219,1847,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbicus">C. columbicus</taxonomicName>
, known from
<collectingCountry id="F33B7663FFDDFFE9FEEFF8A6D5B6F8E0" box="[355,448,1847,1866]" name="Colombia" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Colombia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F33B7663FFDDFFE9FE63F8A6D620F8E0" box="[495,598,1847,1866]" name="Venezuela" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3366578FFDDFFE9FFF5F8C5D009FF07" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FFF5F8C5D617F86B" blockId="41.[82,757,952,1985]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDDFFE9FFF5F8C5D4A8F8CD" bold="true" box="[121,222,1876,1895]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: In workers and soldiers, dorsal and declivous faces of propodeum differentiated, meeting in a distinct propodeal angle; propodeum with two pairs of spines, the posterior longer than the anterior (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDDFFE9FF23F83FD49CF86B" box="[175,234,1966,1985]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[83,136,1881,1898]" captionTargetBox="[335,1222,538,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-152@5.[335,1222,538,1865]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2 Workers of Cephalotes. A: C. atratus (atratus group) [CASENT0178627]. B: C. depressus (depressus group) [CASENT0173671]. C and F: C. pusillus (pusillus group) [CASENT0173703].D and I:C.pellans (pallens group) [CASENT0173697].E:C.solidus (solidus group).G:C.cordatus (depressus group) [CASENT0922596].H:C.frigidus (angustus group) [UFV-LABECOL-004442]. J: C. basalis (basalis group). K: C. grandinosus (grandinosus group) [CASENT0922544]. L: C. maculatus (pinelii group) [CASENT0909295]. M: C. trichophorus (coffeae group). N and R: C. conspersus (angustus group) [R: CASENT0922530]. O: C. clypeatus (clypeatus group) [CASENT0173669]. P: C. umbraculatus (umbraculatus group) [CASENT0922582]. Q: C. jheringi (fiebrigi group). fle: femoral lamellar expansions. ge: gastral expansions. pd: posterodorsal spine. ple: propodeal lamellar expansions. ps: propodeal spine. pv: posteroventral spine.vle: vertexal lamellar expansions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512224/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 2f</figureCitation>
). Mid and hind basitarsi not flattened.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FCADFF0BD009FF07" blockId="41.[801,1462,154,1170]" box="[801,1151,154,173]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<heading id="D0DB819FFFDDFFE9FCADFF0BD009FF07" bold="true" box="[801,1151,154,173]" fontSize="8" level="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" reason="6">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDDFFE9FCADFF0BD009FF07" bold="true" box="[801,1151,154,173]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
Brazilian species of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FC60FF0BD04BFF07" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1004,1085,154,173]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">pusillus</taxonomicName>
group
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3366578FFDDFFE9FCCBFF26D135FB38" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FCCBFF26D0F0FF60" blockId="41.[801,1462,154,1170]" box="[839,1158,183,202]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<heading id="D0DB819FFFDDFFE9FCCBFF26D0F0FF60" bold="true" box="[839,1158,183,202]" fontSize="8" level="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" reason="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FCCBFF26D0F0FF60" authority="(Forel, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[839,1158,183,202]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duckei">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDDFFE9FCCBFF26D0F0FF60" bold="true" box="[839,1158,183,202]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Cephalotes duckei (Forel, 1906)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FC0DFF45D154FF4D" blockId="41.[801,1462,154,1170]" box="[897,1314,212,231]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FB6DFF45D154FF4D" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[1249,1314,212,231]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duckei">duckei</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FCCBFF60D133FE88" blockId="41.[801,1462,154,1170]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FCCBFF60D7A1FE88" authority="(Mann, 1916) Obsolete" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Mann" baseAuthorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDDFFE9FCCBFF60D0C6FEAE" bold="true" box="[839,1200,241,260]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Cephalotes inaequalis (Mann, 1916)</emphasis>
Obsolete
</taxonomicName>
combination: Cryptocerus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FB6DFE9ED133FE88" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Mann" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[1249,1349,271,290]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">inaequalis</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FCCBFEBDD135FEF7" blockId="41.[801,1462,154,1170]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FCCBFEBDD7A1FEF7" authority="(Smith, 1860) Obsolete" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laminatus">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDDFFE9FCCBFEBDD0C4FE95" bold="true" box="[839,1202,300,319]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Cephalotes laminatus (Smith, 1860)</emphasis>
Obsolete
</taxonomicName>
combination: Cryptocerus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FB6DFEDBD135FEF7" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[1249,1347,330,349]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laminatus">laminatus</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FCCBFEF6D159FD28" blockId="41.[801,1462,154,1170]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FCCBFEF6D7A1FE3D" authority="(Fabricius, 1804) Obsolete" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDDFFE9FCCBFEF6D0B4FED0" bold="true" box="[839,1218,359,378]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Cephalotes minutus (Fabricius, 1804)</emphasis>
Obsolete
</taxonomicName>
combination: Cryptocerus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FB6DFE15D145FE3D" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[1249,1331,388,407]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">minutus</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FC1EFE33D78BFE1F" baseAuthorityName="Fuster" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[914,1021,418,437]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cephalotes</taxonomicName>
cognatus (Smith, 1862) Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus cognatus =
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FC1EFE4DD78BFE45" baseAuthorityName="Fuster" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[914,1021,476,495]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cephalotes</taxonomicName>
exiguus (Smith, 1867) Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus exiguus =
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FC1EFD86D78BFD80" baseAuthorityName="Fuster" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[914,1021,535,554]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cephalotes</taxonomicName>
quadrimaculatus (Klug, 1824) Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus quadrimaculatus =
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FC1EFDC0D78BFDCE" baseAuthorityName="Fuster" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[914,1021,593,612]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cephalotes</taxonomicName>
volxemi (Emery, 1878) Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus volxemi
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FCCBFD1DD1D9FC0D" blockId="41.[801,1462,154,1170]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FCCBFD1DD7A1FD16" authority="(Klug, 1824) Obsolete" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1824" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDDFFE9FCCBFD1DD0FBFD35" bold="true" box="[839,1165,652,671]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Cephalotes pusillus (Klug, 1824)</emphasis>
Obsolete
</taxonomicName>
combination: Cryptocerus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FB6DFD38D158FD16" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1249,1326,681,700]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">pusillus</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FC1EFD56D78BFD70" baseAuthorityName="Fuster" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[914,1021,711,730]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cephalotes</taxonomicName>
caustica (Pohl &amp; Kollar, 1832) Obsolete combination:
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FBE9FD75D0C2FD5D" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1125,1204,740,759]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Formica</taxonomicName>
caustica =
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FC1EFC90D78BFCBE" baseAuthorityName="Fuster" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[914,1021,769,788]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cephalotes</taxonomicName>
elongatus (Klug, 1824) Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus elongatus =
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FC1EFCADD78BFCE5" baseAuthorityName="Fuster" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[914,1021,828,847]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cephalotes</taxonomicName>
obtusus (Smith, 1858) Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus obtusus =
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FC1EFCE6D026FC20" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[914,1104,887,906]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">Cephalotes pusillus</taxonomicName>
brevispinosa (Santschi, 1921) Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FB6DFC05D158FC0D" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1249,1326,916,935]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">pusillus</taxonomicName>
brevispinosa
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FCCBFC20D119FC4B" blockId="41.[801,1462,154,1170]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FCCBFC20D7A1FC4B" authority="(Kempf, 1951) Obsolete" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Kempf" baseAuthorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDDFFE9FCCBFC20D0CBFC6E" bold="true" box="[839,1213,945,964]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Cephalotes simillimus (Kempf, 1951)</emphasis>
Obsolete
</taxonomicName>
combination: Paracryptocerus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FA84FC5FD119FC4B" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Kempf" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[1288,1391,974,993]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus">simillimus</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FCCBFC7DD135FB38" blockId="41.[801,1462,154,1170]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FCCBFC7DD7A1FBB6" authority="(Mayr, 1862) Obsolete" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDDFFE9FCCBFC7DD0ECFC55" bold="true" box="[839,1178,1004,1023]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Cephalotes spinosus (Mayr, 1862)</emphasis>
Obsolete
</taxonomicName>
combination: Cryptocerus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FB6DFB98D141FBB6" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1249,1335,1033,1052]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">spinosus</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FC1EFBB7D013FB93" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[914,1125,1062,1081]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laminatus">Cephalotes laminatus</taxonomicName>
peruvianus (Forel, 1911) Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FB6DFBD5D135FBFD" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[1249,1347,1092,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laminatus">laminatus</taxonomicName>
peruvianus =
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FC1EFBF0D78BFBDE" baseAuthorityName="Fuster" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[914,1021,1121,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cephalotes</taxonomicName>
punctatus (Mayr, 1862) Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus punctatus
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3366578FFDDFFEAFCADFB40D5C2FB8F" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="key">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FCADFB40D011FAAB" blockId="41.[799,1474,1232,1985]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDDFFE9FCADFB40D011FAAB" bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
Key to the identification of Brazilian species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FAA0FB41D10BFB49" ID-CoL="69JSH" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1324,1405,1232,1251]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">pusillus</taxonomicName>
group of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FCB0FB7FD7DAFAAB" ID-CoL="3KHW" baseAuthorityName="Fuster" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[828,940,1262,1281]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cephalotes</taxonomicName>
based on workers
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FCADFA9AD7E3FAB4" blockId="41.[799,1474,1232,1985]" box="[801,917,1291,1310]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
(
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDDFFE9FCA5FA9AD705FAB4" box="[809,883,1291,1310]" captionStart="Figure 49" captionStartId="42.[113,166,945,962]" captionTargetBox="[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetId="figure-342@42.[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 49 Workers of pusillus group. A: C. simillimus. B, H and K: C. inaequalis. C, G and L: C. pusillus [C: CASENT0173703]. D: C. spinosus [CASENT0900244]. E: C. duckei. F: C.minutus. I: C.laminatus. J: C. minutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512368/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Figs. 49</figureCitation>
a-l)
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="30D82E56FFDDFFE9FCADFAB8D1CAFA3E" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FCADFAB8D1B4FAF3" blockId="41.[799,1474,1232,1985]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<key id="FFBD61C2FFDDFFE9FCADFAB8D1B4FAF3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFDDFFE9FCADFAB8D1B4FAF3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
1 In dorsal view, petiole subrectangular, a small denticle of the same color as petiole can be present (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDDFFE9FBDBFAD7D0D4FAF3" box="[1111,1186,1350,1369]" captionStart="Figure 49" captionStartId="42.[113,166,945,962]" captionTargetBox="[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetId="figure-342@42.[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 49 Workers of pusillus group. A: C. simillimus. B, H and K: C. inaequalis. C, G and L: C. pusillus [C: CASENT0173703]. D: C. spinosus [CASENT0900244]. E: C. duckei. F: C.minutus. I: C.laminatus. J: C. minutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512368/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
Fig.
<quantity id="4CD49B16FFDDFFE9FBF2FAD7D0D4FAF3" box="[1150,1186,1350,1369]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.9" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="g" value="49.0">49g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
).....................................
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FAE8FAD7D1B4FAF3" ID-CoL="69JSH" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1380,1474,1350,1369]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDDFFE9FAE8FAD7D1B4FAF3" bold="true" box="[1380,1474,1350,1369]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">C. pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</key>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FCADFAF2D1CAFA3E" blockId="41.[799,1474,1232,1985]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFDDFFE9FCADFAF2D1CAFA3E" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
1’ In dorsal view, petiole of another shape, with spines with translucent tips (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDDFFE9FCDFFA11D7E4FA39" box="[851,914,1408,1427]" captionStart="Figure 49" captionStartId="42.[113,166,945,962]" captionTargetBox="[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetId="figure-342@42.[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 49 Workers of pusillus group. A: C. simillimus. B, H and K: C. inaequalis. C, G and L: C. pusillus [C: CASENT0173703]. D: C. spinosus [CASENT0900244]. E: C. duckei. F: C.minutus. I: C.laminatus. J: C. minutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512368/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
d-f, h-k)...............................................................................................2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D82E56FFDDFFE9FCADFA0FD1CBFA64" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FCADFA0FD1B4FA1B" blockId="41.[799,1474,1232,1985]" box="[801,1474,1438,1457]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFDDFFE9FCADFA0FD1B4FA1B" box="[801,1474,1438,1457]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
2 Indorsalview,mesonotalspinesabsent (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDDFFE9FB17FA0FD097FA1B" box="[1179,1249,1438,1457]" captionStart="Figure 49" captionStartId="42.[113,166,945,962]" captionTargetBox="[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetId="figure-342@42.[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 49 Workers of pusillus group. A: C. simillimus. B, H and K: C. inaequalis. C, G and L: C. pusillus [C: CASENT0173703]. D: C. spinosus [CASENT0900244]. E: C. duckei. F: C.minutus. I: C.laminatus. J: C. minutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512368/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig.49d</figureCitation>
).........................
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FAD6FA0FD1B4FA1B" ID-CoL="5XK3K" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1370,1474,1438,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDDFFE9FAD6FA0FD1B4FA1B" bold="true" box="[1370,1474,1438,1457]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">C. spinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FCADFA2AD1CBFA64" blockId="41.[799,1474,1232,1985]" box="[801,1469,1467,1487]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFDDFFE9FCADFA2AD1CBFA64" box="[801,1469,1467,1487]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
2’ In dorsal view, mesonotal spines present (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDDFFE9FB5EFA2AD12FFA64" box="[1234,1369,1467,1487]" captionStart="Figure 49" captionStartId="42.[113,166,945,962]" captionTargetBox="[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetId="figure-342@42.[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 49 Workers of pusillus group. A: C. simillimus. B, H and K: C. inaequalis. C, G and L: C. pusillus [C: CASENT0173703]. D: C. spinosus [CASENT0900244]. E: C. duckei. F: C.minutus. I: C.laminatus. J: C. minutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512368/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 49c, e, h, i</figureCitation>
).................3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D82E56FFDDFFE9FCADFA48D1C8F9CB" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FCADFA48D1B4F9A3" blockId="41.[799,1474,1232,1985]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFDDFFE9FCADFA48D1B4F9A3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
3 Inposterodorsalview,declivousfaceofthepropodeumwithwell-marked longitudinal striaeoccupying the entiresurface (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDDFFE9FB52FA67D156F9A3" box="[1246,1312,1526,1545]" captionStart="Figure 49" captionStartId="42.[113,166,945,962]" captionTargetBox="[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetId="figure-342@42.[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 49 Workers of pusillus group. A: C. simillimus. B, H and K: C. inaequalis. C, G and L: C. pusillus [C: CASENT0173703]. D: C. spinosus [CASENT0900244]. E: C. duckei. F: C.minutus. I: C.laminatus. J: C. minutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512368/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 49j</figureCitation>
)...........
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FAD4FA67D1B4F9A3" ID-CoL="5XK37" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[1368,1474,1526,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDDFFE9FAD4FA67D1B4F9A3" bold="true" box="[1368,1474,1526,1545]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">C. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FCADF982D1C8F9CB" blockId="41.[799,1474,1232,1985]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFDDFFE9FCADF982D1C8F9CB" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
3’ In posterodorsal view, declivous face of propodeum without longitudinal striae; if any, they are weakly marked and not occupying the entire surface (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDDFFE9FC56F9DFD040F9CB" box="[986,1078,1614,1633]" captionStart="Figure 49" captionStartId="42.[113,166,945,962]" captionTargetBox="[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetId="figure-342@42.[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 49 Workers of pusillus group. A: C. simillimus. B, H and K: C. inaequalis. C, G and L: C. pusillus [C: CASENT0173703]. D: C. spinosus [CASENT0900244]. E: C. duckei. F: C.minutus. I: C.laminatus. J: C. minutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512368/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 49k, l</figureCitation>
).............................................................................4
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D82E56FFDDFFE9FCADF9FAD1B6F97C" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FCADF9FAD1B6F931" blockId="41.[799,1474,1232,1985]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFDDFFE9FCADF9FAD1B6F931" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
4 In dorsal view, posterior propodeal spines curved anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDDFFE9FAEAF9FAD1DAF9D4" box="[1382,1452,1643,1662]" captionStart="Figure 49" captionStartId="42.[113,166,945,962]" captionTargetBox="[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetId="figure-342@42.[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 49 Workers of pusillus group. A: C. simillimus. B, H and K: C. inaequalis. C, G and L: C. pusillus [C: CASENT0173703]. D: C. spinosus [CASENT0900244]. E: C. duckei. F: C.minutus. I: C.laminatus. J: C. minutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512368/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 49e</figureCitation>
)... ..................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FAE4F919D1B6F931" ID-CoL="5XJQS" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[1384,1472,1672,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duckei">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDDFFE9FAE4F919D1B6F931" bold="true" box="[1384,1472,1672,1691]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">C. duckei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FCADF937D1B6F97C" blockId="41.[799,1474,1232,1985]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFDDFFE9FCADF937D1B6F97C" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
4’ In dorsal view, posterior propodeal spines curved posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDDFFE9FCA5F952D7C4F97C" box="[809,946,1731,1750]" captionStart="Figure 49" captionStartId="42.[113,166,945,962]" captionTargetBox="[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetId="figure-342@42.[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 49 Workers of pusillus group. A: C. simillimus. B, H and K: C. inaequalis. C, G and L: C. pusillus [C: CASENT0173703]. D: C. spinosus [CASENT0900244]. E: C. duckei. F: C.minutus. I: C.laminatus. J: C. minutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512368/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 49c, d, h, i</figureCitation>
)......................................................................................................5
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D82E56FFDDFFE9FCADF971D1C9F8E1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FCADF971D1B4F8BA" blockId="41.[799,1474,1232,1985]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFDDFFE9FCADF971D1B4F8BA" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
5 In frontal view, the distance between the eyes is shorter or at most equal to the length of the head (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDDFFE9FBD6F96CD0D0F8BB" box="[1114,1190,1789,1809]" captionStart="Figure 49" captionStartId="42.[113,166,945,962]" captionTargetBox="[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetId="figure-342@42.[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 49 Workers of pusillus group. A: C. simillimus. B, H and K: C. inaequalis. C, G and L: C. pusillus [C: CASENT0173703]. D: C. spinosus [CASENT0900244]. E: C. duckei. F: C.minutus. I: C.laminatus. J: C. minutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512368/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 49a</figureCitation>
)..............................
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FAC8F96CD1B4F8BA" ID-CoL="69JRL" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Kempf" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[1348,1474,1789,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDDFFE9FAC8F96CD1B4F8BA" bold="true" box="[1348,1474,1789,1808]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">C. simillimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FCADF88AD1C9F8E1" blockId="41.[799,1474,1232,1985]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFDDFFE9FCADF88AD1C9F8E1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
5’ Infrontal view, distance between eyes greater than head length (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDDFFE9FCA5F8A9D702F8E1" box="[809,884,1848,1867]" captionStart="Figure 49" captionStartId="42.[113,166,945,962]" captionTargetBox="[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetId="figure-342@42.[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 49 Workers of pusillus group. A: C. simillimus. B, H and K: C. inaequalis. C, G and L: C. pusillus [C: CASENT0173703]. D: C. spinosus [CASENT0900244]. E: C. duckei. F: C.minutus. I: C.laminatus. J: C. minutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512368/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 49b</figureCitation>
)..................................................................................................................6
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFE9FCADF8C4D1B4F82C" blockId="41.[799,1474,1232,1985]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<keyStep id="30D82E56FFDDFFE9FCADF8C4D1B4F82C" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFDDFFE9FCADF8C4D1B4F82C" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
6 In dorsal view, propodeal groove weakly impressed; marked on the sides but absent medially (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDDFFE9FBA4F8E2D005F82C" box="[1064,1139,1907,1926]" captionStart="Figure 49" captionStartId="42.[113,166,945,962]" captionTargetBox="[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetId="figure-342@42.[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 49 Workers of pusillus group. A: C. simillimus. B, H and K: C. inaequalis. C, G and L: C. pusillus [C: CASENT0173703]. D: C. spinosus [CASENT0900244]. E: C. duckei. F: C.minutus. I: C.laminatus. J: C. minutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512368/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 49h</figureCitation>
)..........................................
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FAC3F8E2D1B4F82C" ID-CoL="5XJQW" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[1359,1474,1907,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laminatus">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDDFFE9FAC3F8E2D1B4F82C" bold="true" box="[1359,1474,1907,1926]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">C. laminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDDFFEAFCADF801D5C2FB8F" blockId="41.[799,1474,1232,1985]" lastBlockId="42.[112,787,1018,1326]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFDDFFE9FCADF801D1B4F86B" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
6’ In dorsal view, propodeal groove strongly impressed on the entire dorsum (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDDFFE9FCF6F83FD7B6F86B" box="[890,960,1966,1985]" captionStart="Figure 49" captionStartId="42.[113,166,945,962]" captionTargetBox="[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetId="figure-342@42.[419,1198,151,929]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 49 Workers of pusillus group. A: C. simillimus. B, H and K: C. inaequalis. C, G and L: C. pusillus [C: CASENT0173703]. D: C. spinosus [CASENT0900244]. E: C. duckei. F: C.minutus. I: C.laminatus. J: C. minutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512368/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
Fig.
<date id="FF921033FFDDFFE9FC2DF83FD7B6F86B" box="[929,960,1966,1985]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" value="1949-01">49i</date>
</figureCitation>
).............................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDDFFE9FAC6F83FD1B4F86B" ID-CoL="5XK2Y" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Mann" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[1354,1474,1966,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDDFFE9FAC6F83FD1B4F86B" bold="true" box="[1354,1474,1966,1985]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">C. inaequalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
Key to the identification of Brazilian species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDEFFEAFDF1FC6BD6B8FBA7" ID-CoL="69JSH" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[637,718,1018,1037]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">pusillus</taxonomicName>
group of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDEFFEAFF00FB83D48AFB8F" ID-CoL="3KHW" baseAuthorityName="Fuster" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[140,252,1042,1061]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cephalotes</taxonomicName>
based on soldiers
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF53667BFFDEFFEAFFFDFC20D5B1FC7D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512368" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5512368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512368/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" startId="42.[113,166,945,962]" targetBox="[419,1198,151,929]" targetPageId="42">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDEFFEAFFFDFC20D5B1FC7D" blockId="42.[113,1504,945,983]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDEFFEAFFFDFC20D4B6FC68" bold="true" box="[113,192,945,962]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figure 49</emphasis>
Workers of
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDEFFEAFEAAFC20D512FC68" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[294,356,945,962]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">pusillus</taxonomicName>
group. A:
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDEFFEAFE37FC20D652FC68" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Kempf" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[443,548,945,962]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus">C. simillimus</taxonomicName>
. B, Hand K:
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDEFFEAFD1DFC20D680FC68" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Mann" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[657,758,945,962]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">C. inaequalis</taxonomicName>
. C, Gand L:
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDEFFEAFCECFC20D7C5FC68" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[864,947,945,962]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">C. pusillus</taxonomicName>
[C: CASENT0173703]. D:
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDEFFEAFB0CFC20D0ADFC68" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1152,1243,945,962]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">C. spinosus</taxonomicName>
[CASENT0900244]. E:
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDEFFEAFA1FFC20D1ABFC68" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[1427,1501,945,962]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duckei">C. duckei</taxonomicName>
. F:
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDEFFEAFF09FC57D4ACFC7D" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[133,218,966,983]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">C.minutus</taxonomicName>
. I:
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDEFFEAFF7EFC57D523FC7D" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[242,341,966,983]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laminatus">C.laminatus</taxonomicName>
. J:
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDEFFEAFEE1FC57D5B5FC7D" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[365,451,966,983]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">C. minutus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3366578FFDEFFEAFFFDFBBBD493FB97" box="[113,229,1066,1085]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDEFFEAFFFDFBBBD493FB97" blockId="42.[112,787,1018,1326]" box="[113,229,1066,1085]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
(
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDEFFEAFFF5FBBBD4B5FB97" box="[121,195,1066,1085]" captionStart="Figure 50" captionStartId="42.[113,166,1984,2001]" captionTargetBox="[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-343@42.[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionText="Figure 50 Soldiers of pusillus group.A: C. pusillus. B and H: C. minutus. C: C. duckei. D:C.inaequalis. E: C. spinosus. F and I: C. simillimus. G: C. laminatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512370/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figs. 50</figureCitation>
a-i)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3366578FFDEFFEAFFFDFBD3D197FA87" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="key">
<key id="FFBD61C2FFDEFFEAFFFDFBD3D197FA87" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<keyStep id="30D82E56FFDEFFEAFFFDFBD3D77BFB37" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDEFFEAFFFDFBD3D764FBC7" blockId="42.[112,787,1018,1326]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFDEFFEAFFFDFBD3D764FBC7" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
1 In dorsal view, petiole subrectangular, without spines; at most with a very tiny denticle (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDEFFEAFEB6FBCBD5F3FBC7" box="[314,389,1114,1133]" captionStart="Figure 50" captionStartId="42.[113,166,1984,2001]" captionTargetBox="[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-343@42.[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionText="Figure 50 Soldiers of pusillus group.A: C. pusillus. B and H: C. minutus. C: C. duckei. D:C.inaequalis. E: C. spinosus. F and I: C. simillimus. G: C. laminatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512370/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 50a</figureCitation>
)...........................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDEFFEAFD21FBCBD764FBC7" ID-CoL="69JSH" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[685,786,1114,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDEFFEAFD21FBCBD764FBC7" bold="true" box="[685,786,1114,1133]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">C. pusillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDEFFEAFFFDFBE3D77BFB37" blockId="42.[112,787,1018,1326]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFDEFFEAFFFDFBE3D77BFB37" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
1’ In dorsal view, petiole of anothershape; if subrectangular, there are spines with translucent tips (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDEFFEAFE03FB1BD5B8FB37" box="[399,462,1162,1181]" captionStart="Figure 50" captionStartId="42.[113,166,1984,2001]" captionTargetBox="[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-343@42.[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionText="Figure 50 Soldiers of pusillus group.A: C. pusillus. B and H: C. minutus. C: C. duckei. D:C.inaequalis. E: C. spinosus. F and I: C. simillimus. G: C. laminatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512370/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
b-g)........................................................ 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D82E56FFDEFFEAFFFDFB33D764FB57" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDEFFEAFFFDFB33D77AFB67" blockId="42.[112,787,1018,1326]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFDEFFEAFFFDFB33D77AFB67" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
2 Margins of declivousface of propodeumwith laterallamellar expansions (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDEFFEAFFF5FB2BD493FB67" box="[121,229,1210,1229]" captionStart="Figure 50" captionStartId="42.[113,166,1984,2001]" captionTargetBox="[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-343@42.[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionText="Figure 50 Soldiers of pusillus group.A: C. pusillus. B and H: C. minutus. C: C. duckei. D:C.inaequalis. E: C. spinosus. F and I: C. simillimus. G: C. laminatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512370/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 50c, f, i</figureCitation>
)............................................................................................................3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDEFFEAFFFDFB43D764FB57" blockId="42.[112,787,1018,1326]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFDEFFEAFFFDFB43D764FB57" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
2’ Margins of declivous face of propodeum without lateral lamellar expansions (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDEFFEAFF67FB7BD5FDFB57" box="[235,395,1258,1278]" captionStart="Figure 50" captionStartId="42.[113,166,1984,2001]" captionTargetBox="[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-343@42.[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionText="Figure 50 Soldiers of pusillus group.A: C. pusillus. B and H: C. minutus. C: C. duckei. D:C.inaequalis. E: C. spinosus. F and I: C. simillimus. G: C. laminatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512370/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 50b, d, e, g, h</figureCitation>
)..........................................................................4
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDEFFEAFFFDFA93D197FB8D" blockId="42.[112,787,1018,1326]" lastBlockId="42.[830,1505,1018,1325]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<keyStep id="30D82E56FFDEFFEAFFFDFA93D197FB8D" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFDEFFEAFFFDFA93D197FB8D" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
3 In dorsal view, posterior propodeal spines curved anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDEFFEAFD3BFA93D68BFABF" box="[695,765,1282,1301]" captionStart="Figure 50" captionStartId="42.[113,166,1984,2001]" captionTargetBox="[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-343@42.[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionText="Figure 50 Soldiers of pusillus group.A: C. pusillus. B and H: C. minutus. C: C. duckei. D:C.inaequalis. E: C. spinosus. F and I: C. simillimus. G: C. laminatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512370/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 50c</figureCitation>
)... ..................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDEFFEAFD34FA8BD766FA87" ID-CoL="5XJQS" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[696,784,1306,1325]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duckei">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDEFFEAFD34FA8BD766FA87" bold="true" box="[696,784,1306,1325]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">C. duckei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
3’ In dorsal view, posterior propodeal spines curved posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDEFFEAFCCBFB85D7F8FB8D" box="[839,910,1044,1063]" captionStart="Figure 50" captionStartId="42.[113,166,1984,2001]" captionTargetBox="[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-343@42.[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionText="Figure 50 Soldiers of pusillus group.A: C. pusillus. B and H: C. minutus. C: C. duckei. D:C.inaequalis. E: C. spinosus. F and I: C. simillimus. G: C. laminatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512370/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 50f</figureCitation>
)...........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDEFFEAFAD1FB85D197FB8D" ID-CoL="69JRL" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Kempf" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[1373,1505,1044,1063]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimus">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDEFFEAFAD1FB85D197FB8D" bold="true" box="[1373,1505,1044,1063]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">C. simillimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<keyStep id="30D82E56FFDEFFEAFCB3FBBFD1ADFB3A" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDEFFEAFCB3FBBFD196FBF1" blockId="42.[830,1505,1018,1325]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFDEFFEAFCB3FBBFD196FBF1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
4 In dorsal view, gastral lamellae widthshorter than or equal to thewidth of the postpetiolar spines (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDEFFEAFBBAFBD9D009FBF1" box="[1078,1151,1096,1115]" captionStart="Figure 50" captionStartId="42.[113,166,1984,2001]" captionTargetBox="[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-343@42.[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionText="Figure 50 Soldiers of pusillus group.A: C. pusillus. B and H: C. minutus. C: C. duckei. D:C.inaequalis. E: C. spinosus. F and I: C. simillimus. G: C. laminatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512370/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 50b</figureCitation>
- yellow arrows).....................
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDEFFEAFAF5FBD9D196FBF1" ID-CoL="5XK37" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[1401,1504,1096,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDEFFEAFAF5FBD9D196FBF1" bold="true" box="[1401,1504,1096,1115]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">C. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDEFFEAFCB3FBF2D1ADFB3A" blockId="42.[830,1505,1018,1325]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFDEFFEAFCB3FBF2D1ADFB3A" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
4’ In dorsal view, gastral lamellae width is at least twice the width of the postpetiolar spines (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDEFFEAFBA0FBECD0D2FB3A" box="[1068,1188,1149,1168]" captionStart="Figure 50" captionStartId="42.[113,166,1984,2001]" captionTargetBox="[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-343@42.[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionText="Figure 50 Soldiers of pusillus group.A: C. pusillus. B and H: C. minutus. C: C. duckei. D:C.inaequalis. E: C. spinosus. F and I: C. simillimus. G: C. laminatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512370/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 50d, e, g</figureCitation>
- yellow arrows)..............................5
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D82E56FFDEFFEAFCB3FB06D1ADFB6E" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDEFFEAFCB3FB06D1ACFB00" blockId="42.[830,1505,1018,1325]" box="[831,1498,1175,1195]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFDEFFEAFCB3FB06D1ACFB00" box="[831,1498,1175,1195]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
5 In dorsal view, gastral lamellae glabrous (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDEFFEAFB6AFB06D147FB00" box="[1254,1329,1175,1194]" captionStart="Figure 50" captionStartId="42.[113,166,1984,2001]" captionTargetBox="[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-343@42.[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionText="Figure 50 Soldiers of pusillus group.A: C. pusillus. B and H: C. minutus. C: C. duckei. D:C.inaequalis. E: C. spinosus. F and I: C. simillimus. G: C. laminatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512370/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 50e</figureCitation>
).........
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDEFFEAFAE4FB06D1ACFB00" ID-CoL="5XK3K" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1384,1498,1175,1194]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDEFFEAFAE4FB06D1ACFB00" bold="true" box="[1384,1498,1175,1194]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">C. spinosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDEFFEAFCB3FB20D1ADFB6E" blockId="42.[830,1505,1018,1325]" box="[831,1499,1201,1221]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFDEFFEAFCB3FB20D1ADFB6E" box="[831,1499,1201,1221]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
5’ In dorsal view, gastral lamellae with hairs (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDEFFEAFB76FB20D12AFB6F" box="[1274,1372,1201,1221]" captionStart="Figure 50" captionStartId="42.[113,166,1984,2001]" captionTargetBox="[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-343@42.[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionText="Figure 50 Soldiers of pusillus group.A: C. pusillus. B and H: C. minutus. C: C. duckei. D:C.inaequalis. E: C. spinosus. F and I: C. simillimus. G: C. laminatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512370/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 50d, g</figureCitation>
)........................6
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D82E56FFDEFFEAFCB3FB5DD197FA87" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDEFFEAFCB3FB5DD196FB53" blockId="42.[830,1505,1018,1325]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFDEFFEAFCB3FB5DD196FB53" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
6 Posterior propodeal spines bifurcated, spines black with yellowish tips (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDEFFEAFCFDFB77D7CBFB53" box="[881,957,1254,1273]" captionStart="Figure 50" captionStartId="42.[113,166,1984,2001]" captionTargetBox="[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-343@42.[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionText="Figure 50 Soldiers of pusillus group.A: C. pusillus. B and H: C. minutus. C: C. duckei. D:C.inaequalis. E: C. spinosus. F and I: C. simillimus. G: C. laminatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512370/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 50d</figureCitation>
)....................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDEFFEAFAEEFB77D196FB53" ID-CoL="5XK2Y" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Mann" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[1378,1504,1254,1273]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDEFFEAFAEEFB77D196FB53" bold="true" box="[1378,1504,1254,1273]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">C. inaequalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFDEFFEAFCB3FA91D197FA87" blockId="42.[830,1505,1018,1325]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFDEFFEAFCB3FA91D197FA87" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
6’ Posterior propodeal spines not bifurcated, spines completely black (
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFDEFFEAFCCBFA8BD7FBFA87" box="[839,909,1306,1325]" captionStart="Figure 50" captionStartId="42.[113,166,1984,2001]" captionTargetBox="[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-343@42.[413,1206,1352,1968]" captionText="Figure 50 Soldiers of pusillus group.A: C. pusillus. B and H: C. minutus. C: C. duckei. D:C.inaequalis. E: C. spinosus. F and I: C. simillimus. G: C. laminatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512370/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
Fig.
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</figureCitation>
)....................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFDEFFEAFAE5FA8BD197FA87" ID-CoL="5XJQW" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[1385,1505,1306,1325]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laminatus">
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFDEFFEAFAE5FA8BD197FA87" bold="true" box="[1385,1505,1306,1325]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">C. laminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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