treatments-xml/data/03/85/87/038587C97475AA3F46D2F951FD910025.xml

<document id="A9F9529A9AB194856891A1984B0C3E03" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1868.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5133591" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1627158332512" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Dennis, D. Steve, Barnes, Jeffrey K. &amp; Knutson, Lloyd" docDate="2008" docId="038587C97475AA3F46D2F951FD910025" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01868p098.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1868 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1868.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Laphria sackeni" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FFBCFFB1746FAA244645FFF3FFED074F" masterDocTitle="Pupal cases of Nearctic robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="98" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1699021410005" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="D3BE083062B070B5E6F3A554470AC3FA">Pupal cases of Nearctic robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="581B6C5E62E8C8BA935F2E3D472BDFAD">Dennis, D. Steve</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="72A341C38A9EB9B5BA93FD8FDAD1D7C9">Barnes, Jeffrey K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8EF6511786CA8CCBC85925483C35EF32">Knutson, Lloyd</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A7A12ABE5AB1C6C925B1109D293ABCA0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="296DB2977D5AF363F01282F75CAD5A5D">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="469A4E71469BE48F611BD29A189EEBA5">1868</mods:number>
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<paragraph id="8B9336DF7475AA3E46D2F951FE2901F3" blockId="26.[151,452,1698,1759]" box="[151,452,1698,1724]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="D0DB81B37475AA3E46D2F951FE2901F3" bold="true" box="[151,452,1698,1724]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C7475AA3E46D2F951FE2901F3" ID-CoL="3S992" authority="(Banks)" baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[151,452,1698,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Laphria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sackeni">
<emphasis id="B958EACD7475AA3E46D2F951FE2901F3" bold="true" box="[151,452,1698,1724]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B958EACD7475AA3E46D2F951FEB601F3" bold="true" box="[151,347,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Laphria sackeni</emphasis>
(Banks)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C33665547475AA3F46D2F936FD910025" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9336DF7475AA3E46D2F936FEC50190" blockId="26.[151,452,1698,1759]" box="[151,296,1733,1759]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
(
<figureCitation id="13172A5A7475AA3E46DAF936FEF20190" box="[159,287,1733,1759]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–14" captionStartId="26.[151,269,1543,1567]" captionTargetBox="[157,1427,548,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-251@26.[151,1435,535,1537]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 12–14. Laphria sackeni (Banks), 12. ventral view, 13. lateral view, 14. dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5133601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5133601/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs 12­14</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF7475AA3F46D2F8E6FAAE0795" blockId="26.[151,1437,1813,1999]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1438,152,1898]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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The following description is based on six pupal cases of 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C7475AA3E450AF8E5FBFD0060" baseAuthorityName="Banks" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[847,1040,1814,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Laphria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sackeni">
<emphasis id="B958EACD7475AA3E450AF8E5FBFD0060" box="[847,1040,1814,1839]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Laphria sackeni</emphasis>
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from the United States National Museum and one from the 
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male case with pinned adult is labeled &quot;Mt. 
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, Cal.; IV­3­31; ex pupa fr alder; collected by 
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; colln. 
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1941,&quot; Another male with pinned adult is labeled &quot;Placerville, Cal.; 
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Hopk.
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; 
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D5C7475AA3E422CF87DFAC400E8" box="[1129,1321,1934,1959]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sabiniana">
<emphasis id="B958EACD7475AA3E422CF87DFAC400E8" box="[1129,1321,1934,1959]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pinus sabiniana</emphasis>
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; 
<collectorName id="26D953097475AA3E437FF87EFEEF0080" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Sullivan J.J. Colr.</collectorName>
&quot; One female pupal case with a pinned adult and 
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pupal cases without pinned adults are labeled the same as the 
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male case. 
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female case with pinned adult from the 
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is labeled &quot; 
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, 
<collectingCounty id="62F24E537474AA3F44E1FF33FCCF0795" box="[676,802,192,218]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Tulare Co.</collectingCounty>
, Hot Spgs.; V­17­37; pres. by 
<collectorName id="26D953097474AA3F42C3FF33FAD70795" box="[1158,1338,192,218]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">E.C. VanDyke.</collectorName>
”
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</paragraph>
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Description: Greatest length, including anterior antennal processes, 
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<quantity id="4CD49B3A7474AA3F4254FF1BFB50064D" box="[1041,1213,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" metricValueMax="1.55" metricValueMin="1.53" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="15.4" valueMax="15.5" valueMin="15.3">15.3–15.5 mm</quantity>
, 
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<quantity id="4CD49B3A7474AA3F42A2FF1BFA7A064D" box="[1255,1431,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.685" metricValueMax="1.94" metricValueMin="1.43" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="16.85" valueMax="19.4" valueMin="14.3">14.3–19.4 mm</quantity>
; greatest width of thorax 
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567474AA3F4786FEFCFE3A066C" box="[451,471,271,291]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4CD49B3A7474AA3F47A4FEE3FD9C0665" box="[481,625,272,298]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="4.15" valueMax="4.4" valueMin="3.9">3.9–4.4 mm</quantity>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D2AFD567474AA3F44C5FEFCFD79066C" box="[640,660,271,291]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
<quantity id="4CD49B3A7474AA3F44DBFEE3FCC30665" box="[670,814,272,298]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="4.6" valueMax="5.3" valueMin="3.9">3.9–5.3 mm</quantity>
; greatest width of abdomen 
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<quantity id="4CD49B3A7474AA3F42EDFEE3FAD60665" box="[1192,1339,272,298]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="3.4">3.4–3.6 mm</quantity>
, 
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<quantity id="4CD49B3A7474AA3F432CFEE3FF1E061D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="4.1" valueMax="4.6" valueMin="3.6">3.6– 4.6 mm</quantity>
, tapering to 
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<quantity id="4CD49B3A7474AA3F47E1FECBFDDF061D" box="[420,562,312,338]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="2.05" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.2 mm</quantity>
and 
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<quantity id="4CD49B3A7474AA3F44CDFECBFCF9061D" box="[648,788,312,338]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="2.05" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.4 mm</quantity>
at greatest width of abdominal segment 8. Integument subshining golden brown; wing sheath, head, area around thoracic spiracle, posterior antennal processes, and often dorsolateral area of abdominal segments 1–2 darker; spines and other processes glistening reddish brown, darker apically; bristle­like spines yellowish to reddish brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF7474AA3F4680FE2BFE66047D" blockId="27.[151,1438,152,1898]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Head with pair of cone­shaped, recurved, anterior antennal processes not joined at base and group of 4–5 basally fused, posterior antennal processes that curve and become shorter posteriorly; fifth process sometimes missing or fused with fourth; inner or first posterior process longer than and separated from outer posterior processes by flattened area of heavily sclerotized cuticle; outer 2 posterior processes (fourth and fifth) fused for greater distance than other posterior processes. Facial area with pair of small, basally fused, median spines on each side of midline and single, larger spine posterolateral to outermost posterior antennal process. Labral, proboscial, and maxillary sheaths smooth and elongate; labral and proboscial sheaths with shallow median furrow; proboscial sheath with median posterior swelling; maxillary sheath extending about two­thirds length of proboscial sheath.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF7474AA3F4680FCB3FAAE0305" blockId="27.[151,1438,152,1898]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Anterior coxal sheath smooth, with anterior, median, longitudinal split. Prothoracic spiracle round, situated midlaterally on small callosity at anterior margin of thorax. Anterior mesothoracic spines at base of mid leg sheath consisting of small, basally fused, posteriorly curved, anterior pair of spines and single, short, narrow, straight posterior spine widely separated from anterior pair. Posterior mesothoracic callosity at base of wing sheath small, bearing short, broadly rounded, apically sclerotized posterior mesothoracic spine. Wing sheath mostly smooth, with median elongate grooves; lacking median and/or basal tubercles. Thoracic area above wing sheath smooth. Apex of hind leg sheath reaching beyond middle of abdominal segment 4.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF7474AA3F4683FBABFE4B03D5" blockId="27.[151,1438,152,1898]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Abdominal spiracles round, light yellowish to reddish brown, flush or almost flush with cuticle, situated along midline laterally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF7474AA3F4680FB5BFD970275" blockId="27.[151,1438,152,1898]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Abdominal segment 1 with dorsal transverse row of 23–43 short, stout spines; median spine sometimes bifurcate; outer spines shorter than inner spines; some spines alternately long and short, with 3–5 short spines between 2 long spines; dorsolateral bristle­like spines absent; 3–5 lateral spines present behind each spiracle; venter obscured by wing and leg sheaths.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF7474AA3F4680FABBFDC80135" blockId="27.[151,1438,152,1898]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Abdominal segments 2–4 and 5–6 similar to segment 1, but dorsal transverse row consisting of 24–33 and 15–21 stout spines, respectively; segment 7 with dorsal transverse row of 13–16 spines. Abdominal segments 4–5, and to lesser extent segments 2–3, with stout spines forming a row with 2 peaks, 1 peak on each side of midline; peaks with 1–3 spines pointing anteriorly. Segments 2–7 usually with 5–7 dorsolateral bristle­like spines on each side and 4–6 lateral bristle­like spines behind each spiracle; first and third bristle­like spines on venter and some other bristle­like spines often very long and curved. Segment 2 with 3–5 ventral bristle­like spines on each side of hind leg sheath; segments 3–7 with median space and 13–18 bristle­like spines becoming longer and thicker posteriorly.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9336DF7474AA3F4680F97BFD910025" blockId="27.[151,1438,152,1898]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Abdominal segments 8–9 curved downward. Segment 8 with 1 large, dorsal spine on each side of midline and sometimes 1–2 short, dorsolateral spines; dorsolateral, round, reddish­brown spiracle at lateral midline; lacking lateral and ventral spines. Segment 9 with pair of dorsomedian tubercles, most prominent in males; short, straight to recurved, dorsal posterolateral processes; larger, slightly longer, rugose, dorsally curved, ventral posterolateral processes; and pair of very large ventral, posteriorly pointed tubercles in male almost touching ventral posterolateral processes.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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